Drilling&Safety

钻井英语300句Drilling 钻井1. Prepare bell nipple. 准备”喇叭口”短节.2. Make up 2 joints of drill pipe. 接两根钻杆.3. Break out this connection. 卸开该接头.4. Make up bottom hole assembly. 组合下部钻具5. Check and reset crown-saver on every tour. 每个班都要检查并重新调整天车防碰装置.6. Number stands on trip out and trip in. 起下钻时给立柱编号.7. Pick up stands. 接立柱8. Don’t drill faster than 15 minutes for 1 stand. 钻进速度别超过15分钟1根立柱9. Drop TOTCO. 投(陶特)测斜仪10. Resume drilling to T.D. 继续钻进到总深11. Circulate 15 minutes.循环15分钟12. Run in hole. 下钻13. Pull out of hole. 起钻14. Operate the air winch. 操作气动绞车15. Lay down 57 joints of 5” drill pipe. 甩57根钻杆16. Circulate mud for 2 hours. 循环泥浆2小时17. Move string during circulation. 在循环时注意活动钻具18. Circulate hole clean. 循环清洗井眼19. Circulate bottoms up. 循环泥浆几周20. Fill up every 5 stands. 每5柱灌泥浆一次21. Check mud weight every 15 minutes. 每15分钟检查泥浆比重22. Change/replace old mud by new mud. 用新的泥浆替换出旧的泥浆23. Stop drilling. 停止钻进24. Drilling ahead. 钻进25. Pull out of hole with bit. 起出钻头26. Change bit. 换钻头27. Run the wear bushing. 下抗磨补心28. The bit thread type is regular pin. 钻头丝扣是正规公扣29. What’s the make-up torque? 上扣扭矩要多大?30. Run in 9” c ollars. 下9”钻铤31. Connect crossover sub. 接上配合接头32. The tong angle is too small. 大钳的角度太小了33. Stop circulating. 停止循环泥浆34. Break out the stand. 卸立柱35. Set the single into the mousehole. 把这个单根放进鼠洞36. Can we break out the pipe with rotary table? 可用转盘卸扣吗?37. No! Break it out with tong. 不行! 要用大钳卸扣38. Put the pipe wiper on the string. 装上钻杆刮泥器39. Don’t set this stand back. 这根钻杆不要放在钻杆盒上40. Make up the lift sub. 接好提升短节41. Secure the safety clamp. 上紧安全卡瓦42. The bit is nearing the shoe. 钻头快到套管鞋了43. Slow down the running speed. 放慢下放速度44. This is the undergauged interval. 这是缩径井段45. This is the drilling program. 这是钻井设计书46. How much weight on bit is required? 要加多少钻压?47. Keep the rotary speed at 120---140 RPM. 转速保持120---140转/分48. Keep the flow rate at 3000 LPM. 保持排量3000升/分49. The pump pressure is too high. 泵压太高了50. Don’t ream the hole too fast. 划眼不要太快51. Notice the rotary torque. 注意转盘扭矩的变化52. The penetration rate is getting slower. 钻速变慢了53. The bit is nearly worn out. 钻头快磨光了54. Stop drilling at 2000 meters. 钻至2000米停钻55. Circulate for one hour. 循环一个小时56. The pump pressure has increased. 泵压升高了57. One nozzle may be plugged. 可能有一个水眼(或: 喷嘴)堵了58. What is the hook load? 悬重多少?59. What’s the pick-up weight? 上提重量是多少?60. What’s the lowering weight? 下放重量是多少?61. Run in HWDP. 下加重钻杆62. A stabilizer is needed here. 这里需要一个扶正器63. This is a flexible sub. 这是挠性接头64. This is the BHA log. 这是下部钻具组合记录65. Record all outside and inside diameters. 记录好所有(入井工具的)内外径66. We need a short drill collar. 需要一根短钻铤67. Pull the cat line. 拉猫头68. Operate the break lever. 操作(或:扶)刹把69. Stop the pumps. 停泵70. Make a wiper trip. 通井71. Retrieve wear bushing. 取出抗磨补心72. Bleed off pressure. (释)放压(力)73. Keep 5 wraps on the drum. 滚筒上留5圈74. Set slips. 座上卡瓦75. If tight hole, repeat wiper trip. 如果缩径，重复划眼76. Setback bottom hole assembly. 将下部钻具立于钻杆盒内77. Make sure all alarms are on. 确保所有的警报信号都开着78. Lay down TDS spinner. 拆下顶部驱动的旋扣器79. Run in hole bit #15 to bottom. 用15号钻头下钻到井底80. Run in hole to casing shoe. 下钻至套管鞋81. Pick up same bit and BHA. 装上同样的钻头和钻具组合82. Lay down 5” HW drill pipe. 甩5”加重钻杆83. Move string every 2 minutes. 每2分钟活动钻具一次84. Keep area around shaker clean. 保持振动筛区域干净85. Ream if needed. 如必要时进行划眼86. Fix the traveling assembly. 固定游动系统87. Check power tongs and spinning rope are on drill floor. 检查动力钳和尾绳是否在钻台88. What’s the weight on bit? 钻压是多少?89. What is the BHA of this well? 这口井的下部钻具如何组合?90. Drill out cement. 钻穿水泥91. Drill out 20” casing shoe. 钻穿20”套管鞋92. Latch the elevator. 扣吊卡93. Unlatch the elevator. 开吊卡94. Set the slips. 放卡瓦95. Adjust the crown-o-matic (crown saver). 调整防碰天车96. Lock the hook pin. 锁紧大钩销子97. Check OD of stabilizer. 检查扶正器的外径98. Perform leak off test. 进行地层破裂(或:渗漏)测试99. Connect kill and choke line. 接上压井和放喷管线100. Reverse out the drill pipe. 反循环清洗钻杆101. Make a short trip. 进行短途起下钻102. Slug the pipe. 灌重泥浆103. Drill the stand down. 钻完立柱104. Start/run the shale shaker. 开振动筛105. Start the desanders. 开除砂器106. Start the desilters. 开除泥器107. Change it with a 40 mesh screen. 换成40目筛布108. Shut it off. 关掉109. Pull it to the cat ramp. 把它拉到坡道上去110. Make a fast connection. 接单根要快111. Don’t dump the mud on the ground. 不要把泥浆排放到地上112. Disconnect it with a chain tong. 用链钳卸开113. Put a thread protector. 戴护丝114. Can we use the power slips? 可以使用动力卡瓦吗?Casing and Cementing 下套管与固井115. Run in hole to bottom for wiper trip. 下钻通井116. This is the casing program. 这是套管程序117. Prepare for running casing. 准备下套管118. Make everything ready for running 7”casing. 做好下7”套管的准备119. Make cementing job. 固井120. Displace cementing with mud pump. 用泥浆泵替泥浆121. Set cement plug from 2940 to 2790m. 在2940到2790米井段打水泥塞122. Pick up cementing head. 接水泥头123. Cement samples are hard. 水泥样已凝固124. Pump in 3 cubic meters of spacer. 注3方隔离液125. Pump down the plug. 泵压(胶)塞126. Wait on cement. 候凝127. The guide shoe will be connected. 接引鞋128. Connect the float collar. 接浮箍129. Run casing with the 350T slip elevator. 用350吨卡瓦式吊卡下套管130. Clean and dry 20” casing threads with rags. 清洁并擦干20”套管丝扣131. Where is the rabbit for drifting the casing? 套管通径规在哪里?Fishing 打捞132. The bit cone have been lost in the hole. 牙轮落井133. Run in the reverse-circulation basket. 下反循环打捞篮134. There is a lot of junk in the hole. 井下有很多落物135. The fish is 235.46 meters long. 落鱼长度235.46米136. The fish top is at 2478.34 meters. 鱼顶位置2478.34米Coring 取芯137. Stop drilling for coring. 停钻准备取芯138. Make up core bit. 接取芯钻头139. What type of core bit is it? 这是什么型号的取芯钻头?140. Run in a diamond core bit. 下金刚石取芯钻头141. Let’s drop the ball for coring. 可以投球取芯142. The core has been broken off. 岩芯断了143. Put the core in the boxes. 把岩芯装在岩芯盒里144. Don’t brake suddenly. 不要猛刹车145. Take out the core. 岩芯出筒146. How long is the core? 岩芯多长147. The core recovery is 98%. 岩芯收获率是98%148. Run in the core barrel again. 继续下岩芯筒(或: 取芯筒)149. Recover core. 取出岩芯150. Use same parameters as core #1. 使用与1#取芯同样的参数Freeing Stuck Pipe 卡钻与解卡151. The down-hole problems are very complicated. 井下情况很复杂152. The hole is tight. 遇阻了153. Overpull while tripping out. 起钻遇卡(overpull: 超拉力)154. The formation is unstable. 地层不稳定155. The wall caving is severe. 井壁垮塌严重156. There are many return cuttings. 返出岩屑特别多157. The mud returns have decreased. 返出泥浆减少158. The hole is enlarged. 井眼扩大了159. The pipe’s stuck. 卡钻了160. Pull up to 150 tons. 上提150吨161. Slack off to 50 tons. 下放至50吨162. Ream down all the tight points. 在所有遇阻点进行划眼163. The rotary table can’t rota te. 转盘转不动164. Where is the sticking point? 卡点在哪里165. Make a tensile test. 做拉伸试验166. Back it off above the free point. 在卡点以上倒扣167. Where is the back-off position? 脱扣位置在哪168. Plug the well for side tracking. 打水泥塞侧钻Well Control 井控169. The mud is gas cut. 泥浆有气侵170. The pit has lowered quickly. 泥浆池液面下降很快171. The hole lost returns. 井口不返泥浆172. The returns are unstable. 返出泥浆量忽大忽小173. Where’s the thief zone? 漏失层在哪里174. Cut down the flow rate. 降低排量175. Lower the mud density. 降低比重176. The gas smell is strong. 天然气味度很浓177. There’s some trace of oil. 发现有油花178. The pump pressure is fluctuating. 泵压不稳179. It is a zone of abnormal pressure. 这是异常压力层180. The hole (well) is kicking! 井涌啦!181. Shut in the BOP! 关闭防喷器182. Sound the alarm quickly! 快发出警报183. The stand pipe pressure is 1000 PSI. 立管压力1000PSI184. The casing pressure is 25 MPa. 套压25MPa185. Fill out the kill sheet. 填写压井施工单186. Kill the well. 压井187. There’s a combination of lost returns and the kick. 又喷又漏, 情况复杂188. Reverse the gas out of the hole. 反循环排气189. What’s the lag time? 迟到时间是多少190. The well is now stable. 现在井眼已经稳定BOP Equipment 防喷器191. Cut off the 20” conductor. 割掉20”导管192. Weld on the 20” bottom flange. 焊接20”法兰193. Hoist and nipple up 20” diverter. 吊装20”导流器194. Change the 5” pipe rams to 3-1/2” rams. 把这个5”闸板换成3-1/2”195. Install blind ram. 安装防喷器的全封闸板196. Check the seal ring of the conductor. 检查导管密封圈197. Test BOP. 测试防喷器198. Change annular BOP packing. 更换万能防喷器芯子199. Full pressure test the ram preventers. 对闸板防喷器进行全压试压200. Test annular BOP at 2500psi. 万能防喷器试压至2500psi201. Check annular pressure. 检查环形空间压力202. Retrieve the running tool. 退出送入工具203. Function test the diverter system. 对防喷器系统进行功能测试204. Run the test plug. 下试压塞205. Close the upper pipe ram. 关上闸板防喷器206. Open the choke valve. 打开节流阀207. Land the BOP onto the well head. 座防喷器到井口上208. Replace O-rings as required. 按需要, 更换O性密封圈209. Visually inspect all sealing element. 目视检查所有密封件210. Check and tighten all bolts. 检查并上紧所有螺栓211. Check for leaks. 检查有无泄漏212. Pressure test to 500psi then bleed off test pressure. 试压到500psi, 然后泄压213. Reduce hydraulic control manifold pressure to 7 MPa. 将液压控制管线压力减少到7MPaSafety and Firefighting 安全与消防214. Get a Work Permit before you can start the hot work. 办理作业许可证才能进行动火作业215. Welding is not allowed. 不准动焊216. Put on your (safety) helmet. 戴上安全帽217. It’s a high voltage area. 这是高压区218. That’s against the rule. 这是违章作业219. Don’t walk under the crane load. 不要在吊物下走动220. The repairing is under way. 正在检修221. Keep your hands clear! (Keep you hands off! Do not touch!) 不要乱动222. Wear and secure your safety belt. 戴上并系好安全带223. Have your breathing apparatus near you. 保持防毒面具在附近224. It was a BOP drill.（This is a fire drill.）这是防喷（消防）演习。

A Handbook of English for Oil Drilling石油钻井常用英语手册职工培训教材系列辽河石油勘探局钻井二公司六分公司二OO七年四月A Handbook of English for Oil Drilling石油钻井常用英语手册一、DRILLING 钻井1.Carry out drilling operation in accordance with the drilling program. 按钻井程序进行钻井作业.2.Prepared bell nipple. 准备”喇叭口”短节.3.Make up 2 joints of drill pipe. 接两根钻杆.4.Break out this connection. 卸开该接头.5.Make up bottom hole assembly. 组合下部钻具6.Check and reset crown-saver on every tour. 每个班都要检查并重新调整天车防碰装置.7.Number stands on trip out and trip in. 起下钻时给立柱编号.8.Pick up BHA and run to seafloor. 将下部钻具下到海底.9.Pick up stands. 接立柱10.Don’t drill faster than 15 minutes for 1 stand. 钻进速度别超过15分钟1根立柱11.Drop TOTCO. 投(陶特)测斜仪12.Fish TOTCO with overshot. 用打捞筒捞起测斜仪13.Resume drilling to T.D. 继续钻进到总深14.Circulate 15 minutes.循环15分钟15.Run in hole. 下钻16.Put out of hole. 起钻17.Make an inventory of all ring gaskets. 开一个所有垫圈的清单e spinning tong. 使用气动扳手19.Operate the air winch. 操作气动绞车y down 57 joints of 5” drill pipe. 甩57根钻杆21.Pick up drill stem test tool. 提起钻杆测试工具22.Circulate mud for 2 hours. 循环泥浆2小时23.Move string during circulation. 在循环时注意活动钻具24.Circulate hole clean. 循环清洗井眼25.Circulate bottoms up. 循环泥浆几周26.Fill up every 5 stands. 每5柱灌泥浆一次27.Check mud weight every 15 minutes. 每15分钟检查泥浆比重28.Reverse out excess cement. 反循环替出多余的泥浆29.Change/replace old mud by new mud. 用新的泥浆替换出旧的泥浆30.Stop drilling. 停止钻进31.Drilling ahead. 钻进32.Pull out of hole bit. 起出钻头33.Change bit. 换钻头34.Run the wear bushing. 下抗磨补心35.The bit thread type is regular pin. 钻头丝扣是正规公扣36.What’s the make-up torque? 上扣扭矩要多大?37.Run in 9” collars. 下9”钻铤38.The cathead ca n’t give enough torque. 猫头力量不够39.Connect crossover sub. 接上配合接头40.The tong angle is too small. 大钳的角度太小了41.Stop circulating. 停止循环泥浆42.Break out the stand. 卸立柱43.Set the single into the mousehole. 把这个单根放进鼠洞44.Can we break out the pipe with rotary table? 可用转盘卸扣吗?45.No! Break it out with tong. 不行! 要用大钳卸扣46.Spin it out with the air spanner. 用气动扳手卸扣47.Put the pipe wiper on the string. 装上钻杆刮泥器48.Don’t set this stand back. 这根钻杆不要放在钻杆盒上49.Make up the lift sub. 接好提升短节50.Secure the safety clamp. 上紧安全卡瓦51.The bit is nearing the shoe. 钻头快到套管鞋了52.Slow down the running speed. 放慢下放速度53.This is the undergauged interval. 这是缩径井段54.This is the drilling program. 这是钻井设计书55.How much weight on bit is required? 要加多少钻压?56.Keep the rotary speed at 120---140 RPM. 转速保持120---140转/分57.Keep the flow rate at 3000 LPM. 保持排量3000升/分58.The pump pressure is too high. 泵压太高了59.Don’t ream the hole too fast. 划眼不要太快60.Notice the rotary torque. 注意转盘扭矩的变化61.The penetration rate is getting slower. 钻速变慢了62.The bit is nearly worn out. 钻头快磨光了63.Stop drilling at 2000 meters. 钻至2000米停钻64.Circulate for one hour. 循环一个小时65.The pump pressure has increased. 泵压升高了66.One nozzle may be plugged. 可能有一个水眼(或: 喷嘴)堵了67.What is the hook load? 悬重多少?68.What’s the pick-up weight? 上提重量是多少?69.What’s the lowering weight? 下放重量是多少?70.Run in HWDP. 下加重钻杆71.A stabilizer is needed here. 这里需要一个扶正器72.This is a flexible sub. 这是挠性接头73.This is the BHA log. 这是下部钻具组合记录74.Record all outside and inside diameters. 记录好所有(入井工具的)内外径75.We need a short drill collar. 需要一根短钻铤76.Pull the cat line. 拉猫头77.Operate the break lever. 操作(或:扶)刹把78.Stop the pumps. 停泵79.Make a wiper trip. 通井80.Retrieve wear bushing. 取出抗磨补心81.Bleed off pressure. (释)放压(力)82.Keep 5 wraps on the drum. 滚筒上留5圈83.Set slips. 座上卡瓦84.If tight hole, repeat wiper trip. 如果井眼紧, 重复划眼85.Setback bottom hole assembly. 将下部钻具立于钻杆盒内86.Make sure all alarms are on. 确保所有的警报信号都开着y down TDS spinner. 拆下顶部驱动的旋扣器88.Run in hole bit #15 to bottom. 用15号钻头下钻到井底89.Run in hole to casing shoe. 下钻至套管鞋90.Pick up same bit and BHA. 装上同样的钻头和钻具组合y down 5” HW drill pipe. 甩5”加重钻杆92.Move string every 2 hours. 每2小时活动钻具一次93.Keep area around shaker clean. 保持振动筛区域干净94.Control trip gas. 控制起下钻气95.Ream if needed. 如必要时进行划眼96.Select the best penetration rate. 选择最佳钻进速度97.Fix the traveling assembly. 固定游动系统98.Check power tongs and spinning rope are on drill floor. 检查动力钳和尾绳是否在钻台99.What’s the we ight on bit? 钻压是多少?100.What is the BHA of this well? 这口井的下部钻具如何组合?101.Drill out cement. 钻穿水泥102.Drill out 20” casing shoe. 钻穿20”套管鞋tch the elevator. 扣吊卡104.Unlatch the elevator. 开吊卡105.Set the slips. 放卡瓦106.Adjust the crown-o-matic (crown saver). 调整防碰天车107.Lock the hook pin. 锁紧大钩销子108.Check OD of stabilizer. 检查扶正器的外径109.Perform leak off test. 进行地层破裂(或:渗漏)测试110.Connect kill and choke line. 接上压井和放喷管线111.Reverse out the drill pipe. 反循环清洗钻杆112.Make a short trip. 进行短途起下钻113.Change the cutters. 换割刀114.Slug the pipe. 灌重泥浆115.Drill the stand down. 钻完立柱116.Start/run the shale shaker. 开振动筛117.Start the desanders. 开除砂器118.Start the desilters. 开除泥器119.Change it with a 40 mesh screen. 换成40目筛布120.Shut it off. 关掉121.Pull it to the cat ramp. 把它拉到坡道上去122.Make a fast connection. 接单根要快123.Don’t dump the mud into the s ea. 不要把泥浆排放到海里124.Disconnect it with a chain tong. 用链钳卸开125.Put a thread protector. 加一个(丝扣)护箍126.Can we use the power slips? 可以使用动力卡瓦吗?二、CASING AND CEMENTING 下套管与固井127.R un in hole to bottom for wiper trip. 下钻通井128.T his is the casing program. 这是套管程序129.P repare for running casing. 准备下套管130.M ake everything ready for running 7”casing. 做好下7”套管的准备131.M ake cementing job. 固井132.D isplace cementing with mud pump. 用泥浆泵替泥浆133.S et cement plug from 2940 to 2790m. 在2940到2790米井段打水泥塞134.P ick up cementing head. 接水泥头135.C ement samples are hard. 水泥样已凝固136.P ump in 3 cubic meters of spacer. 注3方隔离液137.P ump down the plug. 泵压(胶)塞138.W ait on cement. 候凝139.T he guide shoe will be connected. 接引鞋140.C onnect the floor collar. 接浮箍141.C onnect the air line to the casing stabbing board. 接好套管扶正台的气管线142.R un casing with the 350T slip elevator. 用350吨卡瓦式吊卡下套管143.C lean and dry 20” casing threads with rags. 清洁并擦干20”套管丝扣144.W here is the rabbit for drifting the casing? 套管通径规在哪里?三、FISHING 打捞145.The bit cutters have been lost in the hole. 牙轮落井146.Run in the reverse-circulation basket. 下反循环打捞篮147.There is a lot of junk in the hole. 井下有很多落物148.The fish is 235.46 meters long. 落鱼长度235.46米149.The fish top is at 2478.34 meters. 鱼顶位置2478.34米四、FREEING STUCK PIPE 卡钻与解卡190.The down-hole problems are very complicated. 井下情况很复杂191.The hole is tight. 遇阻了192.Overpull while tripping out. 起钻遇卡(overpull: 超拉力)193.The formation is unstable. 地层不稳定194.The wall caving is severe. 井壁垮塌严重195.There are many return cuttings. 返出岩屑特别多196.The mud returns have decreased. 返出泥浆减少197.The hole is enlarged. 井眼扩大了198.The pipe’s stuck. 卡钻了199.Pull up to 150 tons. 上提150吨200.Slack off to 50 tons. 下放至50吨201.Ream down all the tight points. 在所有遇阻点进行划眼202.The rotary table can’t rotate. 转盘转不动203.Where is the sticking point? 卡点在哪里204.Make a tensile test. 做拉伸试验205.Back it off above the free point. 在卡点以上倒扣206.Where is the back-off position? 脱扣位置在哪207.Plug the well for side tracking. 打水泥塞侧钻五、ABNORMAL WELL CONDITION AND WELL CONTROL异常井况与压井168.The mud is gas out. 泥浆有气侵169.The pit has lowered quickly. 泥浆池液面下降很快170.The hole lost returns. 井口不返泥浆171.The returns are unstable. 返出泥浆量忽大忽小172.Where’s the thief zone? 漏失层在哪里173.Cut down the flow rate. 降低排量174.Lower the mud density. 降低比重175.Cut down the hydrostatic pressure. 减少静压176.The gas smell is strong. 天然气味度很浓177.There’s some trace of oil. 发现有油花178.The pump pressure is fluctuating. 泵压不稳179.It is a zone of abnormal pressure. 这是异常压力层180.The hole (well) is kicking! 井涌啦!181.Shut in the BOP! 关闭防喷器182.Sound the general alarm quickly! 快发出综合警报183.The stand pipe pressure is 10 kg/cm2. 立管压力10公斤/厘米2184.The casing pressure is 25 kg/cm2. 套压2510公斤/厘米2185.Fill out the kill sheet. 填写压井记录表186.Kill the well. 压井187.Ther e’s a combination of lost returns and the kick. 又喷又漏, 情况复杂188.Reverse the gas out of the hole. 反循环排气189.What’s the lag time? 迟到时间是多少190.The well is now stable. 现在井眼已经稳定六、PREPERATION BEFORE MAKING HOLE钻前准备191.Tell the mechanic to check the motor torque . 让机械师检查马达扭矩。

石油行业常用英语词汇（全面）1. 石油勘探（Petroleum Exploration）Seismic survey：地震勘探Exploration well：探井Reservoir：储层Porosity：孔隙度Permeability：渗透率2. 钻井与完井（Drilling and Completion）Drilling rig：钻机Bit：钻头Drill pipe：钻杆Casing：套管Cementing：固井Completion：完井Fracking：水力压裂3. 采油与生产（Oil Production and Extraction）Production well：生产井Pumpjack：抽油机Artificial lift：人工举升Separator：分离器Flowline：输油管线Tank farm：储油罐区4. 石油加工（Petroleum Refining）Crude oil：原油Refinery：炼油厂Distillation：蒸馏Cracking：裂化Catalytic reforming：催化重整Asphalt：沥青Lube oil：润滑油5. 石油产品（Petroleum Products）Gasoline：汽油Diesel：柴油Jet fuel：航空煤油Fuel oil：燃料油Petrochemicals：石油化工产品6. 安全与环保（Safety and Environmental Protection）HSE（Health, Safety and Environment）：健康、安全与环境 Spill：泄漏Emission：排放Waste treatment：废物处理Environmental impact assessment：环境影响评估7. 国际合作与市场（International Cooperation and Market）OPEC（Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries）：石油输出国组织Brent crude：布伦特原油NYMEX（New York Mercantile Exchange）：纽约商品交易所Spot market：现货市场Futures contract：期货合约本文档为您提供了石油行业常用英语词汇的全面梳理，希望对您的工作和学习有所帮助。

绪论勘探exploration 开发production顿钻钻井cable drilling旋转钻井Rotary drilling 转盘钻井Rotary drilling顶驱钻井top drive drilling 井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling 涡轮钻具钻井turbine drilling 螺杆钻具钻井screw drilling旋转钻井钻机Rotary Rig 动力系统(Power System)旋转系统(Rotating System) 提升系统(Hoisting System)循环系统(Circulating System) 井控系统(Well Control System)监测系统 (monitoring System)井架derrick 天车crown block 游动滑车travelling block大钩hook 大绳drilling line 绞车drawworks泥浆泵mud pump泥浆池mud pit 振动筛Vibration Screen防喷器组blowout preventers 地面管汇surface pipeline遥控面板remote control pane 压井管汇kill line钻前准备drill preparation 钻进drilling固井well cementation 完井well completion直井straight/vertical well 定向井directional well水平井horizontal well 浅井shallow well中深井medium-deep well 深井deep well超深井ultra deep well 特超深井super/extra deep well探井exploration well 采油井production well多底井multi-bore well 丛式井cluster well or multiple wells第一章沉积岩sedimentary rock 变质岩metamorphic rock 岩浆岩magmatic rock 岩石的物理机械性质physical-mechanical properties of rock岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock岩石的泊松比rock Poisson’s ratio岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock抗拉伸强度tension resistance 抗压缩强度 compressive resistance抗剪切强度 shearing resistance 抗弯切强度 bending resistance弹性elasticity 脆性岩石 brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石塑性系数rock plasticity coefficient地应力in situ stress 围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress 压持效应chip hold effect 岩石的可钻性drillability岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness地层水formation brine比重specific gravity静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure 孔隙压力pore pressure地层压力formation fluid pressure地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 基岩应力matrix stress压力梯度pressure gradient 异常压力abnormal pressure压实作用compaction 欠压实作用 undercompaction function机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d-exponent methoddc指数法 dc-exponent method 声波时差法acoustic travel time岩石硬度rock hardness漏失试验法leak-off test第二章刮刀钻头（blade bit）牙轮钻头（cone bit）金刚石钻头（diamond bit）天然金刚石钻头（ＮＤ）natural diamond人造聚晶金刚石钻头（ＰＤＣ） polycrystalline diamond compact bit热稳定聚晶金刚石钻头（ＴＳＰ）thermally stable polycrystalline diamond bit水力结构hydraulic structure 超顶（cone overhang）复锥（offset axis）移轴（multiply cone ）钻头的经济指标(economic indicators of bit)钻头进尺(bit footage) 钻头工作寿命(bit operating life)钻头平均机械钻速(bit average rate of penetration)钻头单位进尺成本(cost per singer footage)第三章浮力 buoyancy 钻柱drill stem/string 钻铤drill collar钻杆drill pipe 方钻杆kelly钻头bit 稳定器stabilizerHWDP-厚壁钻杆（Heavy wall drill pipe）复合钻柱combination string中性点neutral point 最大安全静拉力maximum safety static tension第四章钻井液drilling fluids/mud 水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids 低固相钻井液low solids fluids API滤失量API filtration 分散相(dispersion phase )分散介质(dispersion medium)化学处理剂(Chemical treating agent)滤失filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids流变方程rheological equation牛顿流体Newtonian fluid 非牛顿流体non- Newtonian fluid塑性流体plastic fluid 幂律流体power law假塑性流体pseudo plastic fluid 膨胀液体expansion fluid钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 剪切稀释特性(shear thinning)静切力gel strength 动切力yield value 塑性粘度Plastic Viscosity动塑比ratio of yield value to plastic viscosity初切力initial gel strength 终切力10-minuto gel strength固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt压差卡钻(differential pressure sticking)井漏(lost circulation )井塌(borehole collapse) 钻井液污染(drilling fluid contamination ) 第五章井眼轨道(well trajectory)井眼轨迹(well track)井深Measure Depth 井斜角inclination/deviation angel方位角azimuth angle井斜变化率rate of deviation 方位变化率rate of azimuth井眼曲率hole curvature垂深True vertical depth(TVD)水平投影长度horizontal projection length (hole deviation)水平位移horizontal displacement平移方位角(translational azimuth) N坐标和E坐标(N-coordinate & E-coordinate)视平移(apparent horizontal displacement )水平投影图(horizontal projection)垂直投影图(vertical projection)垂直剖面图(vertical cross section )直井段(Vertical section)ok造（增）斜段(build section) kb稳斜段(hold section ) bh降斜段(drop section) hd目标点(target point)靶区及靶区半径(target area) rt 靶心距(off-target distance) St造斜点(kick off point) k 二维定向井Two-dimensional directional well三维定向井Three-dimensional directional well第六章喷射式钻头jet bit 射流喷速jet velocity射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率jet hydraulic-power钻头压降bit pressure-drop钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse-power钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump额定泵压rated pump pressure额定功率rated pump power循环压耗circulating pressure loss 优选标准optimization standard钻压weight on bit转速rpm-revolution per minute 排量rate of flow 进尺footage 喷嘴nozzle钻速方程drilling rate equation /model第七章测斜deviational survey 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 井斜well deviation满眼钻具packed hole assembly 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly钟摆力pendulum force井底动力钻具bottomhole motor转盘钻 rotary drill 工具面角tool face orientation装置方位角tool face azimuth 定向方位角Directional azimuth反扭角reactive torque angle第八章地层井眼系统的压力平衡 balance of formation-borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density波动压力（激动压力）surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure井侵 influx 溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout正压差positive differential pressure负压差negative differential pressure平衡钻井balanced drillin g 欠平衡under balanced drilling近平衡near balanced drilling 过平衡over balanced drilling关井shut in 防喷器blow out preventer 地面管汇surface drill pipe环形空间annulus 压井killing well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法（二次循环法）driller’s method第九章套管程序casing program导管conductor 表层套管surface casing技术套管intermediate casing strings 生产套管production casing 尾管line 钻井尾管drilling liner 生产尾管production liner套管接箍casing coupling套管柱casing string 前置液ahead fluid隔离液spacer fluid 冲洗液flushing fluid套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance完井方法completion methods 裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion衬管完井法slotted liner completion砾石充填完井法gravel pack completion固井质量cement job quality 固井质量评价cement evaluation窜槽cement channeling 顶替效率displacement efficiency尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger井口装置wellhead 油管头tubing head 套管头casing head采油树Christmas tree稠化时间thickening time 凝结时间setting time。

Useful words of drilling常用钻井词汇Senior mud engineer Driller toolpusHer roughnecks derrickman floorman 高级泥浆工程师司钻、队长、钻工、井架工场地工Spud in Drill a well Stop Drilling Had Drilled/About 300Msdeep Be Drilling Drilling out of.. Finish drill ..In charge of.. 开钻打一口井停钻已经钻了约300米正在钻进钻完….完钻…负责人W..is? responsible to？…Ｗ..is ?responsible for？get every thing ready for..ing ？向谁负责？.. ？..负责什么？做…准备….ｗｈｏｍ.. ..ｗｈｏ..是.你们.的人是在.的人.nsbDRILLER'S Month, console log method station tour report monitor钻机月、司钻（控制台、记录司钻法、平台钻井班报表监视器）DRILL extractor floor fluid footage free gauge hole hole returns hole survey in 钻井（打捞器钻台液进尺空转钻头规眼井口返浆测斜打开生产层）drill ability able liner able packer ahead assembly cable bit run expert collar collar annulus （可钻性可钻尾挂器可钻封隔器继续钻进钻柱组合钢丝行程专家钻挺钻挺环空）DRILL collar bore stem test string assemb limitation fatigue mechanics torque crew （钻挺水眼中测钻柱（结构强度疲劳力学扭矩井队）DRILL rig tool mill monitor off test out tool rope sample site solids stem bushing （钻机、钻具洗靴参数仪试钻钻塞工具棕绳砂样井场岩宵弯曲）DRILL PIPE annulus bore pin box clamp coupling cutter electric log elevator float frozen gauge inspection钻杆（环空水眼公扣母扣卡瓦接箍割刀钻杆电测吊卡回凡尔卡钻丝扣规钻杆检查）DRILL PIPE protector release spinner stabilizer stand sticking sub tension winding up钻杆（护丝钻具解卡旋扣器扶正器/稳定器立柱卡钻接头拉力弯曲）DRILLING engineer supervisor superntendent technique experience technology specialist technician （工程师监督总监技术经验工艺专家技术员）DRILLING analytical bit break capacity centralizer contract cost crew cycle data base effort engineering （分析钻头放空能力钻井扶正器合同成本队周期数据库工作量工程学）DRILLING equipment experience hanger load log mud operation optimization operator out outfit parameter （设备经验尾挂器钻压录井泥浆作业优化钻井承包商钻塞设备参数）DRILLING foreman hose implementer in balance instrument interval invasion zone jar journey line liner liner reel 钻井（队长/工头水龙带人员平衡钻进仪表井段漏层震击器记录表大绳尾管滚筒）DRILLING people permit phase prediction pressure program progress rate rate of trip record ship site speed （人员许可权阶段预报压力程序进度钻速行程钻速记录船井场钻速）DRILLING spool stem string stabilizer to completion tool substitute up weight turbine unit（四通钻柱钻柱扶正器钻至设计井深钻具接头钻碎钻压涡轮钻机组）DRILLING time log time work completion operation condition cleaning system bottoms up （钻时记录时间工作完井作业条件净化系统）迟到时间pull of hole run in hole make up a joint break down a joint trip out of hole laying down wire line survey起钻下钻接单根卸单根起钻甩钻具吊测direction al well定向井词汇DIRECTIONAL well angle bit bit side force component clinograph control counter depth migration 定向（定向井方位角钻头变方位侧向分力方位测斜仪方位控制计数器定向深度偏移）DIRECTIONAL diagram drilling drilling contractor drill tool Effect gyro hole line orientation tool presentation 定向(方位图定向钻井定向井承包商定向钻井工具效应陀螺仪井方向线定向工具方位显示) DIRECTIONAl reading scanning sub surveillance survey tendency tool turbodrill MWD survey tool定向(方角读数定向扫描接头定向监测定向测量方向趋势随钻测斜仪定向涡轮随钻测量定向测量工具) direction sensor instrument of tilt of deflection of magnetization of strata parameter finding chart azimuth方向（传感器方向仪倾斜方向井斜方位磁化方向地层走向方向参数测向系统）方向角deflecting tool angle build up angle drop off single shot inclinometer gyroscope whipstock horizontal well orbit造斜工具增斜降斜单点测斜仪陀螺仪变向器）水平井轨迹Measure Depth Vertical Depth True Vertical Depth Displancement Closure Depth Vertica section Hole Inclination Hole Angle井深/斜深垂深垂深水位/闭和距水位/闭和距视平移井斜角井斜角Declination Maximum Hole Angle Hole Direction Kick Off Point Dogleg Severity Target Tool face High Side Tool face Angle慈偏角最大井斜角方位角造斜点全角变化率目标点工具面高边工具面角sits the mark horizontal segment kick-off segment kick-off rate horizontal departure horizontal displacement坐标水平段造斜段造斜率水平位移水平位移equipments on wellsite井场设备crown mast derrick racking platform traveling block swivel rotary hose standpipe hook drawworks rotary table天车井架井架二层台游车水龙头水龙带立管大钩绞车钻台driller's console pipe slacking block drillfloor rotary table blowout preventer stack choke manifold gas flare司钻控制台钻杆盒钻台钻盘防喷器节流管汇放喷点火shale shaker degasser desander mud cleaner centrifuge pulsation dampeners SCR house parts storage work shop振动筛除气器除砂器清洁器离心机空气包可控硅房配件房钳工房mud gas separator agitator tanks mixing hopper sack storage pumps discharge lines lab guns oil gas separator 泥浆泥气分离器搅拌器罐混合漏斗药品储备罐泵高压管线试验室枪油气分离器fishing tools打捞工具overshot reverse circulating drilling junk basker fishing tap box tap milling taper mill shoe rotary shoe trip spear 卡瓦捞筒反循环捞蓝随钻捞杯公锥母锥铣锥磨//铣鞋铣鞋打捞矛drill pipe cutter casing cutter safety sub catchall junk catcher fishing mangnet scraper keyseat wiper钻杆外割刀套管内割刀安全接头一把抓一把抓强磁打捞器刮管器键槽清除器s ticking point instrument wall hook guide shoe wireline spear washover pipe bent sub keyseat reamer 测卡仪壁钩引鞋电缆捞矛套铣筒弯接头键槽扩大器trouble and accident复杂情况与事故rough drilling bouncing of drilling tool bit bouncing drilling string not well braked percussion drill reverse rotation 跳钻跳钻憋钻溜钻顿钻打倒车correct drift hole deviation inclination plug back cementing plug sidetracking lost circulation slough cave in kick 纠斜井斜井斜填井打水泥塞侧钻漏失井垮井塌井涌stuck sticking differential sticking well sticking key seating sticking sand bridge sticking sand settling sticking 卡钻卡钻粘卡粘卡键槽卡钻砂桥卡钻沉砂卡钻blowout touchdown touching resistance touch sticking make up stab thread making back off pulling a piston井喷遇阻遇阻遇卡对扣对扣造扣倒扣扒活塞fishing releasing stuck agent pipe lax to soak with black magic break outing pack of dynamite chemical cutter打捞解卡剂解卡剂泡解卡剂爆破松扣化学切割器bit balling balling up of a bit to twist off squeeze cementing unfreezing hydraulically operating bent sub钻头泥包钻头泥包扭断挤水泥解卡液压弯接头BOP system防喷系统Blowout control control equipment hookup oil well plug preventer spool preventer riser preventer unit 井控（防喷）（防喷设备装置失控井防喷塞防喷器防喷四通防喷升高短节防喷器组）blowout preventer proceder annular ram pipe ram blind ram shear ram hydraulic valve choke pressure 防喷措施万能半封全封剪切阀液动阀节流压力choke line manifold control console remote control console gas buster degasser Kelly cock upper Kelly cock 节流管汇控制台远程控制台泥气分离器除气器下旋塞上旋塞well head tools井口工具Kelly bushings elevator bushings roller type Kelly bushings slip safety slips elevator tongs hydraulic tong 方补心垫叉磙子方补心卡瓦安全卡瓦吊卡吊钳液压大钳Spinner spinning line chain tongs chain wrench pipe tongs pipe spanner bushing/tool hook drill pipe hooklet旋扣器旋绳链钳链钳管钳管钳方瓦钩子钻杆钩子drilling string钻柱Kelly cross over sub bumpers shock absorber drilling junk basket monel drill collar stabilizer spiral drill collar 方钻杆配合接头减震器减震器随钻捞杯无磁钻挺稳定扶正器螺旋扶正器d rilling jar HWDP drill pipe back pressure valve Kelly sub saver sub Kelly in Kelly down Kelly up stand D P随钻震击器加重钻杆钻杆回压凡尔方保接头方保接头方入方入方余立柱right hand thread left hand thread tool joint box tool joint pin sigle double正扣反扣母接头公接头单根双根BIT(roct bit)钻头BIT adapter balling bouncing breakage breaker break in procedure burt out change clearance cone constant cost (配合接头泥包憋钻损坏装卸器磨合钻头干磨换钻头与井壁间歇牙轮常数成本) BIT consumption contour course face factor feed footage frame freezing gauge grading guide HHP holder(用量外型轨迹与井底触面因素送钻进尺钻头体卡钻量规磨损等级导向器水马力捞钩) BIT hydraulics inlination force jumping life load matrix nozzle performance pressure drop program prong ring (水力参数偏斜力跳钻寿命钻压本体喷嘴工况压降设计方案牙齿钻头规) BIT protector run shank side force speed sub teeth tilt tooth duiiness track trips type selection (保护器行程丝扣部分侧向力钻进速度短接齿倾斜牙齿磨顿程度钻头轨迹换钻头起下钻选型)ＣＡＳＩＮＧ套管Casing Accessories appliances bowl bucking centralizer check valve collapse collar log connection （附件下套工具捞筒弯曲扶正器止回阀/回压凡尔挤坏测套接箍连接）Casing cutter damage deformation depth dog drive hanger hardware head head pressure head spool hole annulus （割刀损伤变形深度捞矛护帽悬挂器附件套管头套头压力套头四通套管环空）Casing inspection inspection log installation job landing leak less completion mill milling nipple packer patch （探伤检查套管测井下套管下套管作业联顶节漏裸眼完井铣鞋铣鞋工具短节封隔器修补）Casing perforator point pressure test programme scraper screw head protector seal section mill setting depth slip （射孔器管鞋深度套管试压程序刮管器母护丝公护丝密封件铣刀下深卡瓦）Casing spear spildt sticking string design sub swivel tap threads volume wall wear whipstock withdrawal weight (捞矛裂纹粘卡套柱／柱设计异径接头旋转头公锥螺纹体积管壁磨损造斜器扒套管管重) Casing joint starter severing hardware hook inspection side tracking swage to hole annulus （一节套入井第一根割套附件大钩探伤套管侧钻胀管器套管井壁环空）well cementing固井cement acecelerator additive blender bond log brand cap casing head casing shoe channeling column cut水泥（催凝剂添加剂搅拌器胶结测声幅标号悬空塞水泥头管鞋窜槽浆柱泥浆受水泥浸）cement consistency curing time dehydration displacement evaluation log failure factor filtrate float collar 水泥（稠度侯凝脱水顶替固井评价测井固井失败系数滤液可钻回压凡尔）cement float shoe formation interface hardener heat quipment cemented up casing cementer 水泥( 可钻引鞋与地层交接面速凝剂水泥头设备)注水泥的（注完水泥封固的套管）黏结剂cement injection mantle mark mixer mill needle packer paste/slurry/ milk pit plug retarder setting silo水泥(注浆水泥环标号搅拌器厂强度试针封隔器水泥浆池水泥塞缓凝剂凝固库) cement slurry volum spacer squeeze work stringer thickness top type guide shoe water ratio contamination 水泥（水泥浆用量隔层挤水泥作业插入管水泥环厚度水泥顶界水泥引鞋水灰比水泥浸）cementing contractor formulating jobs method poin agent practice pump reaction strength tank through tool 固井（承包商配方作业方法封固段黏结剂施工泵胶结反应胶结强度水泥罐全井封固工具）drilling fluid钻井液mud baffle balance body cake cake effect conditioner density desander ditch filtrate flow launder logging loss （挡板比重称结构泥饼泥饼效应处理剂密度除砂器槽滤液泥浆流净化槽录井漏失）mud marking formation pressure indicator program reclamation scale separator setting sump shaker stability (造浆层压力计设计回收比重计分离器沉淀池震动筛稳定性stream sample thickeners thinner weight viscosity water/base water-base oil emulsion water-in-oil emulsion泥浆流样品增粘剂降粘剂比重粘度)水基泥浆水基混油泥浆油包水乳化液water mud salt water base mud salt mud gel initial gel of mud PH value salt content water bearing sand content水基泥浆盐水基泥浆含盐泥浆初切力静切力ＰＨ值含盐量含水的含砂量（1、）主要工作经历。

1钻井种类kinds of drilling1.1 海上钻井offshore drilling:利用固定式或移动式钻井平台在不同水深的海上进行的钻井。

1.2 沙漠钻井desert drilling:利用适合沙漠地带的地面设备在沙漠地区进行的钻井。

1.3 清水钻井water drilling:用清水作为钻井液，在非水敏性的和岩性坚固、稳定的岩层等特定条件下进行的钻井。

1.4 空气（天然气）钻井air(gas) drilling:用空气（或天然气）作为钻井流体，在一些特定岩层中进行的钻井。

1.5 泡沫钻井foam drilling:用泡沫作为钻井流体进行的钻井。

适合于低渗、低压油气层。

1.6 雾化钻井mist drilling:用水和泡沫剂的混合物注入到空气流中作为钻井液进行的钻井。

主要用在钻遇含水或含油砂岩中的流体而无法使井干燥的情况。

1.7 充气钻井液钻井aerated drilling fluid drilling:用钻井液和空气的混合物作为钻井流体进行的钻井。

主要用于有大段含水砂岩，并伴随着井漏而不能单独用空气钻井的井。

1.8 平衡压力钻井balanced pressure drilling:是指作用于井底的液柱压力等于地层孔隙压力情况下进行的钻进。

1.9 欠平衡压力钻井under-balanced drilling:是指作用于井底的液柱压力略低于地层孔隙压力情况下的钻井。

1.11液相欠平衡钻井（flow underbalanced drilling）：用液相钻井液所进行的欠平衡钻井。

1.12泥浆帽钻井madcap drilling：指环空注人重稠的流体(所谓的泥浆帽)后，关闭环空、节流阿，而轻稀钻井液通过钻具进人地层，实现边漏边钻的一种钻井方式。

1.13近平衡压力钻井near balanced drilling:是指作用于井底的液柱压力略大于地层孔隙压力情况下进行的钻井。

1.14小井眼钻井slim hole drilling:井眼直径比常规井径要小的钻井。

Paragraph 5
1.As can be seen in Fig.12.1, the two cutting edges referred to as the lips, and are connected together by a wedge, which is a chisel-like edge. 从图12.1可以看出，两个切削刃被称作为刀刃， 通过契子，一个象凿子似的边，连接在一起。 2.The twist drill also has two margins, which enable proper guidance and locating of drill while it is in operation. 麻花钻还有两个刃带，在加工过程中可正确 引导和定位钻头。
Paragraph 4 4.In the latter case, the shank is fitted by the wedge action into the tapered socket of the spindle and has a tang, which goes into a slot in the spindle socket, thus acting as a solid means for transmitting rotation. 对于后者，柄部可用斜铁将其固定在主轴的 锥形孔中，柄部还有一个柄脚，柄脚插入到主轴 锥形孔的插槽中，这样就可以可靠的方式传递扭 矩。
Mechnical Engineering English (Part 1)
Unit 12 Drilling and Milling
Paragraph 1 1.Drilling involves producing through or blind holes in a workpiece by forcing a tool, which rotates around its axis, against the workpiece. 钻是利用绕轴旋转的钻头在工件上生成通孔 或盲孔的加工工艺。 2.Consequently, the range of cutting from that axis of rotation is equal to the radius of required hole. 因此，旋转轴的切削范围就等于所钻孔的半 径。 3.In practice, two symmetrical cutting edges that rotate about the same axis are employed. 实际上是利用绕同一轴的旋转的两个对称切 削刃(棱边)来进行加工的。

钻井（Drilling）1、Carryoutdrillingoperationinaccordancewiththedrillingpro gram.按钻井程序进行钻井作业。

2、Preparebellnipple.准备“喇叭口”短节3、Makeup2jointsofdrillpipe.接两根钻杆4、Breakoutthisconnection.卸开该接头。

5、Runholeopenertoseabed.下扩眼器到海底。

6、Mixgelfluidfordrillingconductorhole.为钻导管井眼配制高粘度泥浆。

7、Makeupbottomholeassembly（BHA）.组合下部钻具。

8、Checkandresetcrown-saveroneverytour.每个班都要检查并重新调整天车防碰装置。

9、Numberstandsontripoutandtripin.起下钻进给立柱编号。

10、PickupBHAandruntoseafloor.将下部钻具下到海底。

11、Pickupstands.接立柱。

12、Don'tdrillfasterthan15minutesfor1stand.钻进速度别超过15分钟1根立柱13、DropTOTCO.投（陶特）测斜仪。

14、FishTOTCOwithovershot.用打捞筒捞起测斜仪。

15、Resumedrillingto.继续钻进到总深。

16、Circulate15minutes.循环15分钟。

17、Runinhole.下钻。

18、Putoutofhole.起钻19、Makeaninventoryofallringgaskets.一所有垫圈的清单。

20、Usespinningtong.使用气动扳手。

21、Operatetheairwinch.操作气动绞车。

22、Laydown57jointsof5”drillpipe.甩57根5“钻杆。

23、Pickupdrillstemtesttool.提起钻柱测试工具。

第一节石油钻井工程基础词汇钻井：drill定向斜井：directional drilling欠平衡钻井：under-balance drilling海上钻井：off-shore drilling陆地钻井：on-shore drilling钻头：drill bit刮刀钻头：drag bit牙轮钻头：rock bit (镶齿钻头insert bit, 钢齿钻头steel toothed bit)金刚石钻头：diamond bit取心钻头：coring bit钻头浮阀：float valve钻头水眼：bit nozzle(or jet)钻头水眼刺:bit nozzle washed out钻头规：bit caliper(bit gauge)钻头泥包：bit is balling钻头钝了，我建议现在起钻：bit is dull. I suggest toPOOH now钻铤：DC(drill collar )光钻铤slick drill collar，螺旋钻铤spiral drill collar钻杆：DP(drill pipe )方钻杆：kelly公扣：pin end母扣：box end内平式连接：IF(internal flash)正规式连接：REG(regular)贯眼式连接：FH(full hole)加重钻杆 heavy weight drill pipe短钻杆 pop joint井下马达：downhole motor涡轮钻具：turbine震击器：drilling jar减震器：absorber下部钻具组合：BHA（bottomhole assembly）钻具扶正器：stabilizer（string stabilizer, near-bit stabilizer）钻机：drill rig钻井泥浆：drilling mud钻井液：drilling fluid钻井设备：drilling equipment油：oil原油：crude oil天然气：nature gas煤层气：coal-bed gas石油：petroleum中国石油（简称）：CNPC（ChinaNational Petroleum Corporation ）长城钻井（简称）：GWDC(Great Wall DrillingCompany)采油：oil production产油层(目的层)：reservoir( or pay zone)钻进：drilling调整钻井参数以得到理想的机械钻速：play the drilling parameters to get fastROP起钻：POOH(pull out of hole)下钻：RIH(run in hole)下套管：run casing(or RIH with casing)短起下钻：wiper trip循环泥浆：circulate泥浆：reverse circulate中途循环泥浆：break circulation分段下钻：RIH in stages通井：control trip划眼：reaming倒划眼：back reaming接单根：make connection滑、割大绳：slip and cut drilling line byton-mile保养设备：maintain the equipment修理设备: repair (or fix) the equipment保养顶驱：service TDS保养冲管：lubricate wash pipe待工日费：standby rate今天零日费：there is no day rate today(zeroday rate today)我可以为您做，但必须收费，请理解I can do for you and I have to charge(backcharge) you. Please give me full understanding.不在我的职责范围之内，我要汇报领导，一有消息会马上告诉你It is out of my power and I have to reportto my boss. I will let you know as soon as I get news.大鼠洞：rat hole小鼠洞：mouse hole钻具错扣：the connections are crossed钻具粘扣：thread is galled丝扣坏了：the thread is damaged起钻错扣：alternate the connections新钻具或接头磨扣：break in the new tool joint新钻头磨合：break in the new bitPDC 钻头井底造型：shape the PDC bit跳钻：rough drilling( vibrated drilling,bit is bouncing)蹩钻：rough drilling（drilling torque is abnormally high）缩径：tight hole起钻遇卡：get overpull下钻遇阻：set weight部分漏失：partially lost circulation全部漏失：totally lost circulation盲钻：blind drilling堵水眼：bit jets are blocked掉水眼：bit jets are lost憋压：the pressure is built up卸压：release pressure试压：pressure test功能测试：function test双方独自检查：double check地质：geology地质专业人员：geologist物理：physics地球物理勘探： geo-physical exploration.测井：logging电测井作业：wireline logging operation泥浆测井：mud logging井（副词“好”含意）：well拓展记忆：井眼：bore hole油气井：oil&gas well试井：well test井下：down-hole井下作业：down-hole operation第2节石油钻井方法基础词汇钻井原理：the principles of drilling顿钻钻井：percussion drilling，cable-tool drilling 旋转钻井：rotary drilling大位移井：big distance( or extended ) well侧钻井：sidetracking drilling水平井：horizontal well探井：wildcat，wildcatdrilling深井：deep well浅井：shallow well老井：maturing well丛式钻井：cluster well drilling煤层气井：coal-bed gas well生产井：production well报废井：abandoned well停产井：none-production well井下情况：downhole condition第3节石油钻井技术基础词汇技术规范，技术指标，技术性能： specification 拉伸：tension拉伸强度：tensile strength弯曲强度：bending srength最小屈服强度： minimum torsional strength应力：stress压力：pressure应力点：stress point压力降：pressure drop压力梯度：pressure gradient回压：back pressure大气压：atmosphere压差： pressure difference静液柱压力：static fluid cloumn pressure地层压力：formation pressure坍塌压力：collapse pressure破裂压力：fractured pressure液体：liquid固体：solid气体：gas，air正的：positive负的：negative水平的：horizontal垂直的：vertical第4节石油钻井参数基础词汇钻压：WOB（weight onbit）转盘转速：RPM（rotationper minute）泵压：SPP(slurry pump pressure)泵冲：SPM（strokeper minute）排量：FR(flow rate)大钩负荷：hook load扭矩：torque反扭矩：reactive torque钻速：ROP(rate of penetration)顶驱：TDS(top drive system)钻井周期：drilling period钻井成本：drilling costs井眼尺寸：hole size垂深： TVD(total vertical depth)井深：MD(measured depth)水平位移：horizontal displacement井斜角：angle( or hole inclination)方位角：azimuth井眼环空：annulus第5节石油钻井作业现场工作人员名称甲方：oil company(operator)钻井承包商：drilling contractor第三方（分包商）the third party(sub-contractor)钻井经理：drilling manager监督：supervisor钻井监督：DSV(drilling supervisor) orCompanyman 地质监督：geologist泥浆工程师：mud engineer固井工程师：cementing engineer泥浆录井工：mud logger钻井队：drilling crew，drilling team钻井1 班：drillingshift one总经理：general manager总工程师：chief engineer项目经理：project manager(country manager)作业经理：operation manager财务经理：financial manger会计：accountant平台经理：rig manager带班队长：tool pusherHSE 监督：HSE officer司钻：driller副司钻：assistant driller井架工：derrick man钻工：roughneck（orfloorman）场地工：roustabout泥浆工：mudman发动机工：motorman机械师： mechanic电工：electrician电焊工：welder司机：driver吊车司机：crane operator铲车司机：forklift operator营房经理：camp boss医生：doctor材料员：material man(storekeeper)炊事员：cook翻译：interpreter洗衣工：laundry man厨房服务生：waiter保安：watchman(or security)机械工程师：mechanic engineer第6节石油作业现场常用工具扳手：wrench螺丝起子：screwdriver多角螺丝起子：Phlilips screwdriver （cross-headed screwdriver）撬杠：bar加长撬杠：cheater bar活动板手：monkey wrench，adjustable wrench钳子：pliers钩子：hook台钳：bench vice钢挫：file榔头：hammer锤击扳手：hammer wrench搬手：spanner内六角扳手：Allen key钢锯：hacksaw砂纸：sandpaper管钳：pipe tongs(pipe wrench)链钳：chain tong千斤顶：jack黄油枪：grease gun吊车：crane牵引绳：tag line电焊条：welding rod拖拉机：tractor推土机：bulldozer硬尺：ruler游标卡尺：Vernier slide油漆：paint铅油：dope油漆刷：paint brush铅油刷：dope brush绝缘胶布：electrical tape电线：wire插头：plug电插座：outlet(receptacle or switchboard)开关：switch螺栓：bolt螺帽：nut垫片：washer钉子：nail手电钻：hand drill钻头：bit工作台：workbench工具箱：toolbox胶水：glue胶棒：glue bar护丝：thread protector手轮：hand wheel脚轰油门：throttle联接法兰：coupling flange(or adaptor flange)安全带：safety belt安全帽：helmet工作靴：safety boot工衣：coverall棉袄：coat防护眼镜：safety goggle手套：gloves口罩：mouth mask围裙：apron洗眼台：eye washing station灭火机：fire extinguisher消防栓：fire -hydrant水龙头：water tap消防斧：fire fighting axe铲子：shovel手砂轮：emery wheel左转： turn left右转： turn right手势：gesture信号：signal垃圾：waste garbage拖把：mop接头：sub配合接头：X-over ，cross-over提升短节：lifting sub卡瓦：slips放卡瓦：set slips母锥：box tap公锥：taper tap打捞矛：fishing spear安全接头：safety sub柔性短节：flexible joint井口盖子：wellhead cover防喷盒：mud boxBOP 吊装：BOP trolley( BOPhoist)吊卡：elevator吊环：elevator links安全卡瓦：safety clamp(dog collar)钻杆架：pipe rack水龙头提环：swivel bail材料房：warehouse绳卡：bullnose clamp(guy anchor)绳套：sling吊带：soft sling(belt)卸扣：shackle吊装工具：lifting gear维护保养：maintenance内钳：make-up tong外钳：break-out tong液压大钳：power tong液压猫头：E-zy tong兜绳：mule line四通阀：four-way valve 三通：Tee软管：hose球阀：ball valve闸板阀：gate valve单流阀：back valve灌注泵：supercharge pump。

英语教师的操练技能（Drilling）机械性操练组织技能，机械性操练是指在呈现新的语⾔材料之后，教师组织学⽣进⾏以模仿记忆为主的控制性反复练习，它包括跟读、朗读词语和句⼦以及简单的替换练习等，以便形成正确的语⾔习惯，达到准确、熟练地掌握语⾔的形式与内容，为意义练习和交际性练习打下基础。

机械性操练的原则和要求1．清晰、准确地交代操练的内容、⽅式和要求；2．根据不同的语⾔材料和不同程度的学⽣选择适当的操练⽅式；3．由易到难、先简后繁、先合后分、循序渐进地进⾏操练；4．注意受训⾯要⼴，⽆冷⾓、死⾓现象；5．准确地把握操练的时间和⽕候；6．恰当地运⽤⼿势、眼神等⼿段，⾼效地指挥训练；7．创造轻松的课堂⽓氛，让学⽣敢于开⼝、积极操练。

意义练习组织技能意义练习(Meaningdul practice)是在机械性操练的基础上，学⽣独⽴运⽤语⾔材料进⾏真实意义的听、说、读、写的活动。

这种练习不再是模仿和重复孤⽴的句⼦或词和词组，⽽是运⽤词、词组和句型组织表⽰真实意义的对话、阅读课⽂回答问题、写作⼩短⽂等。

通过组织学⽣对所学的语⾔材料进⾏独⽴的、多层次的运⽤练习，提⾼他们语⾔的熟练和流利程度，培养听、说、读、写实际表达能⼒，为形成交流能⼒打下基础。

意义练习的原则和要求：1．教师要先做⽰范，让学⽣明⽩⽬的和意图；2．教师要逐渐减少对学⽣的控制，其作⽤主要是指导、监督、监听和裁判；3．⽓氛轻松活泼，有利于学⽣发展创造性思维；4．注重语⾔的连贯和达意，适度放宽准确性；5．有效地控制课堂纪律，保证全班学⽣练习有序进⾏。

意义练习的主要形式1．教师与学⽣之间的双边活动教师与学⽣(全班、半个班、⼩组、横排、竖⾏、男⽣、⼥⽣、某个学⽣)的双边活动。

如为了练习过去时，教师关了门，开了窗户，擦了⿊板……问学⽣：What did l do?学⽣回答：You closed the door．You opened the window…注意这种形式的练习不要太长、时间不要⽤得太多。

钻井工程常用名词术语钻井总论钻井drilling 钻井方法drilling method 顿钻钻井cable drilling 杆式顿钻rod tool drilling直井straight hole 深井deep well超深井super deep well 地热井geothermal well热采井thermal production well工程报废井abandoned well钻井设计well design 钻井质量drilling quality岩石的物理机械性质physical-mechanical properties of rock矿物的硬度hardness of rook矿物的弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral矿物的泊松比Poissons ratio mineral矿物的切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石的抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石的常规抗压缩强度compressive strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度shear strength of rock岩石的三轴强度试验tri-axial test of rock脆性岩石brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石的假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of plasticity of rock地应力in situ stress岩层的水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress压持效应chip hold effect岩石的可钻性drill ability of rock 岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool 钻柱drill stem 复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly 踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly 偏重钻铤unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of drill string钻具的扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue-failure of drill string 上紧矩make-up torque应力减轻槽stress-relief groove 减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer 井眼大扩器reamer 钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液low solids non-dispersed polymer drilling fluids抑制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt-water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt-water drilling fluids钙处理钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil-emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil base drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert-emulsion drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids 密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids滤失filtration API滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperature and high pressure filtration动滤失量dynamic filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content 钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液的酚酞碱度P m alkalinity 滤液酚酞碱度P t alkalinity滤液甲基橙碱度M f alkalinity 造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion-breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength 终切力10-minuto gel strength 剪切降粘特性shear-thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination 盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination 钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination 水侵water contamination气侵gas contamination 钻井液处理剂mud additives降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents 增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents 加重剂weighting agents堵漏剂lost circulation materials 水敏性页岩water-sensitive shale 膨润土的预水化pre-hydrated bentonite 固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt 胶体颗粒colloidal solids 钻进drilling 钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters 钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight转速rpm-revolution per minute 排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point 中性点neutral point开钻spud in 完钻finishing drilling 送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly-up and kelly-in 进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate 鳖钻bit bouncing 跳钻bit jumping 干钻drilling at circulation break 打倒车reverse rotation table 钻头泥包bit balling 划眼redressing 扩眼reaming放空drilling break 吊打easing the bit in 纠斜hole straightening 侧钻sidetracking 单根single 双根double立根stand 接单根king a connection 起下钻trips短起下钻short tripping 活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out 换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole 小鼠洞mouse hole 喷射钻井jet-bit drilling清洗井底bottom-hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure-drop 钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse-power 喷嘴nozzle流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle 喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifice coefficient 钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern 平板层流flat plate laminar flow喷射钻井的工作方式The working regime of jet drilling最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra-ulic horse-power最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet-impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse-power jet bit 喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow 最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzle diameter临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵的最大排工作状态（额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate regime of the drilling pump (the rated power regime of the drilling pump)钻井泵的调节排量工作状态（允许压力工作状态）the regulated flowrate regime of the drilling pump(the rated power regime of the drilling pump)携带岩屑cutting carrying 岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utilized power of the drilling pump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻速方程equation for drilling rate最大允许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit最优钻压optimum weight on bit 钻速系数factor of penetration rate 地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coefficient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing五点法钻速试验“five spot” drill-off test井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo-drilling 涡轮钻具turbo-drill 电动钻具electric drill 螺杆钻具positive displacement motor(PDM)有效钻压effective bit-weight钻具滤清器drill pipe filter 油壬union定向井directional well 定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination 方位角azimuth 伽马gamma ray(GR) 电阻率resistivity井斜变化率inclination change rate方位变化率azimuth change rate 井眼曲率hole curvature垂深和测深vertical depth and measured(TVD and MD) 水平投影长度hole deviation水平位移displacement or closure distance 多底井multi-bore well 分支井multiple-lateral well 大位移井ERD(extended reach drilling)水平段长度horizontal section length(H-section length)水平井horizontal well 丛式井cluster well 救援井relief well套管开窗starting window on casing 磨铣开窗casing sidetracking段铣开窗casing milled sidetracking造斜kick off 增斜build-up (hole angle) 降斜build-off /drop-off(hole angle)稳斜hold/maintain angle井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图horizontal projection of borehole正切法tangential method 平衡正切法balanced tangential method 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 圆弧法arc method 最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method 造斜工具deflecting tool斜向器whipstock 工具面tool face 全角变化率over-all angle change rate井眼方位漂移walk of hole/bit walk动力钻具反扭角reactive torque磁偏角magnetic declination 随钻测量measurement while drill(MWD)单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi-shot instrument 陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument 定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole长/中/短半径水平井：long/medium/short radius horizontal well斜直井slant hole 井眼轨道well trajectory 靶心target靶区半径radius of target area 造斜点kick off point无磁钻铤non-magnetic DC 扭方位correction run/make up correction 取心coring 岩心core 岩心收获率recovery of core取心方法coring method局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation长筒取心long barrel coring密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure定向取心orientation coring 绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools 岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swivel type内岩心筒inside core barrel 外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type 取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit 金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit涡轮取心钻头turbo-core bit涡轮取心钻具turbo-core drill 岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip-spring板簧式岩心爪卡core gripper with slip-spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip-collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting各种压力概念concept of pressure静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力pore pressure (formation pressure)上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 压力梯度pressure gradient异常压力abnormal pressure 压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d-exponent method中途测试drill-stem testing 完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure漏失试验法leak-off test地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density波动压力（激动压力）surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure 气体上窜gas channeling溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout 循环池液体增量pit gain 压井killing well 关井closing （shut-in）well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法（二次循环法）driller’s method边加重边循环法concurrent method置换式压井法（顶部压井法）displacement method反循环inverse circulating 循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention tools and equipments钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面指示器pit-volume indicator真空除气器·vacuum degasser 硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井喷失控的处理well blowout control 抢装井口installing wellhead 带帽子压井法·hatting kill well method换井口套管casing replacing 灭火extinguishing固井well cementing 套管程序casing program 导管conductor 表层套管surface casing 技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing 套管柱casing string套管柱下部结构casing accessories 引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe 套管扶正器·centralizer 泥饼刷·wall scratcher 浮箍float collar 套管承托环cement baffle collar 旋流短节vortex sub 浮鞋cementing float collar 水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs 通径规drift diameter gauge套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing 活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress 人工井底artificial bottom of a well固井工具与设备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing 套管吊钳casing tong 套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider 联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head 水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment 注水泥?connect油井水泥oil well connecting 低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥·bentonite connect 速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expansion cement 纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥（浆）resin cement 油基水泥（浆）diesel-oil cement 橡胶水泥（浆）latex cement 酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement 石膏水泥混合物·gypsum cement抗盐水泥salt-resisting cement双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cementAPI水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节cement properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist-meter 水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry水泥浆密度slurry density 水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow-line temperature bottom temperature and circulation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry 水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗透性permeability of set cement水泥石的射孔性perforating quality 水泥浆外加剂cement additive 速凝剂accelerator 缓凝剂retardant 减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive 降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive 隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid 尾随液tail fluid 注水泥方法cementing methods 常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing 多管注水泥法·multi-plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method 挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法·braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high-pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low-pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger 窜槽cement channeling 完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法·tubingless completion永久完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完成法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completion砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害程度formation damage degree完善系数well completeness factor 损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shin effect 开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor 完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment 设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding 井场布置layout平井场levelling 圆井cellar 基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation 井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole 井架安装绞车winch 穿钢丝绳string up死绳固定器dead line anchor 设备校正alignment井口找中center for well 整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation 泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat-line 高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line 大门绷绳front guy(lines)井架绷绳derrick guy 接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时处理装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data base 钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit指重表传感器weight sensor 进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R.P.M sensor for rotary table大钳扭矩传感器torque sensor for tong 泵速传感器pump rate sensor 钻井液密度传感器drilling fluid weight sensor钻井液液面传感器mud pit level sensor钻井液流动传感器drilling fluid flow sensor钻井液温度传感器drilling fluid temperature sensor钻井液电导传感器drilling fluid conductivity sensor 录井logging 钻井液录井drilling fluid logging岩样录井·lithologic logging 气测录井gas-logging钻速录井penetration rata logging 综合录井compound logging巡回检测cyclic detection 泵压表pressure gage钻具事故drilling pipe and tools accident 顿钻drill string free fall溜钻drill string not well braked 断钻具drilling pipe breaking 落鱼fish 落物junks 打捞作业fishing 打捞筒overshot打捞杯fishing cup 反循环打捞篮junk basket with reverse circulation 壁钩wall hook 铅印模lead stamp 一把抓catchall 铣鞋mill shoe 钻杆外割刀external cutter 活动肘节knuckle倒扣捞矛left hand fishing spear 弯钻杆bend drill pipe尖钻头tip bit 卡钻drill pipe sticking 砂桥卡钻sand bridging键槽卡钻key seating 压差卡钻differential sticking地层膨胀卡钻formation swelling sticking地层坍塌卡钻formation collapse sticking钻头泥包卡钻balling-up sticking 卡点sticking point解卡工具releasing tools 震击器bumper 下击器bumper jar上击器top jar 地面下击器surface bumper jar 千斤顶jack爆炸松扣break-outing pack of dynamite测卡仪sticking-point-instrument 解卡方法releasing method震击解卡法releasing stuck tamping油浴解卡法releasing stuck by pump oil into the annuls酸浴解卡法releasing stuck by acidding割铣解卡法releasing stuck by cutting套铣解卡法milling and breakout爆炸解卡法explosion releasing method 跳槽·netch jumping粘扣thread gluing 滑扣thread slipping 脱扣thread off错扣thread alternating 对扣make-up 造扣thread making顶天车crashing into the crown 磨蚀钻井abrasive cutting drill弹丸钻井bullet-shot drill 电火花钻井electric spark drill超声波钻井supersonic wave drill 火焰钻井flame-jet drill电加热钻井electric heating drill 原子能钻井atomic energy drill 电弧钻井electric arc drill 等离子钻井plasma jet drill电子束钻井electron-beam drill 激光钻井laser drill化学腐蚀钻井chemical erosion drill钻井技术经济指标tech-economic indication of drilling开钻井口数spudding well number 完钻井口数drilled well number 完成井口数completed well number 钻井进尺drilling footage取心进尺coring footage井身质量合格率well bore quality qualified ratio油层固井合格率oil reservoir well quality qualified ratio钻井工程报废drilling engineering abandonment报废井段abandoned range报废进尺abandoned footage钻机利用率rate rig utilization钻机台月rigs per unity month建井周期台月construction cycle per unity month纯钻井时间reciprocating time钻机月速度monthly drilling rate周期钻速periodic drilling rate纯钻速rate of penetration行程钻速drilling rate of a trip建井周期construction cycle完成井平均建井周期average construction of completed well 完成井平均井深average well depth of completed well完成井平均进尺average bit drilling footage of completed well 钻井时效分析drilling prescription analysis进尺工作时间footage working time固井工作时间cementing working time辅助工作时间service working time事故损失时间accident losing time修理时间repairing time组织停工损失时间management down time loss处理复杂情况时间problem handling time生产时间率production per cent age纯钻进时间率reciprocating time ratio每钻机台月耗柴油量diesel consumption per rig-month每钻机台月耗机油量oil consumption per rig-month钻井工程成本cost of drilling engineering石油工程作业英语These are various parameters displayed in the comprehensive mud logging unit(CMLU).这是综合录井仪显示的各种参数How many parameters can be displayer in the CMLU?综合录井仪能显示多少参数？These are the parameters printed in real time by printer.这是打印机实时打印的参数Are the parameters printed in real time?参数是实时打印的吗？Many parameters in drilling engineering are monitored by comprehensive mud logging unit.钻井工程的很多种参数由综合录井仪监控Start CMLU, please!开始启动录井仪吧Some latest technologies have been applied in this comprehensive mud logging unit.这台录井仪使用了最先进的技术The total hydrocarbon ,especially the components C1～C5can be analyzed by the chromatograph in the CMLU.综合录井仪色谱能够分析全烃，组分C1~C5Are the total hydrocarbon and its components analyzed by chromatograph?全烃和组分是由色谱仪分析的吗？CO2 H2 can be analyzed by non-hydrocarbon detector.非烃检测仪能够分析CO2和H2There are some troubles in the sensor.传感器有故障了Please replace a new one if the sensor can not bi repaired.如果无法修就换上一个新的传感器The old sensor is not reliable, please replace a new one.旧的不可靠，换个新的吧The values of total gas and the components are not high.现在全烃和组分值都不高The total hydrocarbon and its components are increasing.全烃和组分值正在上升How about thee total hydrocarbon and its components? May I have one copy of your record?全烃和组分值怎样？给我一份记录This is not an abnormal of gas logging display.这不是气测显示异常Y ou should pay close attention to the gad showing.密切注意气测显示This peak is caused by connection gas.这是一个单根峰This peak is caused by swabbing.这个峰值是由抽吸造成的We are testing the trip gas.现在正在测后效Please record the time when trip gas occurs.请记录后效出现时间Please calculate the height and speed of the trip gas rising.请计算后效上窜高度和上窜速度Test the trip gas after two cycles of circulation with a trip to bottom. 下钻到底循环两周测后效Is it circulation now?正在循环泥浆吗？Please circulate for two cycles.请循环两周This is an interval with an abnormal showing.这是个异常显示段5 bottles of the mud sample should be taken.泥浆采样必须取五瓶Please put the label on the sample bottle.在样品瓶上贴上标签This is the design requirement.这是设计书要求的Can you show me the design?你能给我看一下设计书吗？The technician keeps the design.设计书在技术员那里。

对“Drilling”和“Practice”的理解与运用中学英语新教材实施以来，教师为培养学生初步运用英语交际的能力，在教学过程中需进行大量的练习，这就是五步教学法中的“Ｄｒｉｌｉｎｇ”操练和“Ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ”练习。

“Ｄｒｉｌｉｎｇ”的含义是多次重复和强制形成某种技能，是形式上的练习；而“Ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ”有练习、实践、使用之意，是内容上的活用练习。

在每一项新的语言项目呈现后，紧紧围绕这个语言项目，让学生进行听说基本训练，达到强化记忆、熟练掌握，这个过程是操练；进而扩大语言内容，用所掌握的语言结构初步表达实际意义，这个过程是练习。

但在具体操作时，我们常会受到旧教材教法的影响，以为练会书上的句型，背出书上的对话并能表演就达到了交际，这实际上是将操练代替了练习，结果是学生尽管把书上的内容背得很熟，但到真实的交际场合还是结结巴巴，开不了口。

因此我们必须正确认识操练和练习的关系——前者是准备，后者是运用；处理好形式练习向内容练习的转化，从而使量变到质变，真正让学生用所学语言结构去实现交际的目的。

一．适时适度地进行以“语言形式”为中心的机械操作活动在课堂教学中每一新的语言项目呈现后，必须及时围绕这个语言项目，让学生进行听说练习，通过快速的、大量的、反复的模仿形成语言结构和组合形式的快速反应及自动化习惯。

教师是指挥者和组织者，学生在教师的严格控制下参与训练。

操练形式多样，有让学生听磁带跟读句型，或跟老师读；有师生问答，学生间问答等，且以集体活动为主，如全班或全组齐声跟读模仿，齐声按老师指令进行替换操练等；在集体操练后，可作小组的连锁操练或两人组问答。

如教学第一册“ｌｉｋｅｄｏｉｎｇｓｔｈ．”的语言结构时，教师可利用图片所表示的意思领着学生说：“Ｉｌｉｋｅｓｉｎｇｉｎｇ／ｓｗｉｍｍｉｎｇ…”再用问答形式操练：“Ｄｏｙｏｕｌｉｋｅｓｉｎｇｉｎｇ／ｓｗｉｍｍｉｎｇ…？”指导学生回答：“Ｉｌｉｋｅ…ｖｅｒｙｍｕｃｈ／ａｌｉｔｔｌｅ．”“Ｎｏ，Ｉｄｏｎ＇ｔｌｉｋｅ…ａｔａｌ．”在学生上口后，教师进一步提问：“Ｗｈａｔｄｏｙｏｕｌｉｋｅｄｏｉｎｇ？”指导学生回答：“Ｉｌｉｋｅｓｉｎｇｉｎｇ／ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ…”再问其余学生：“Ｗｈａｔｄｏｅｓｈｅ／ｓｈｅｌｉｋｅｄｏｉｎｇ？”让学生跟着老师一起回答：“Ｈｅ／Ｓｈｅｌｉｋｅｓｓｉｎｇｉｎｇ／ｒｅａｄｉｎｎｇ…”并不断进行替换练习，接着指挥学生分两大组进行问答，两人小组快速问答。

第1节石油钻井工程基础词汇1.钻探，钻井：drill拓展记忆：钻井：drilling定向斜井：directional drilling欠平衡钻井：under-balance海上钻井：off-shore陆地钻井：on-land drilling钻头：drill bit刮刀钻头：drag bit牙轮钻头：rock bit金刚石钻头：diamond bit喷射钻头：jet bit钻铤：drill collar衣领：collar钻杆：drill pipe钻井队：drilling crew，drilling team 钻机：drill rig钻井泥浆：drilling mud钻井液：drilling fluid钻井设备：drilling equipment2. 油、石油：oil拓展记忆：原油：crude oil石油：petroleum中国石油（简称）：Petro-China采油：oil production采油设备：oil production equipment 采油平台：oil production platform 油泵：oil pump3.地质：geology拓展记忆：地质专业人员：geologist物理：physics地球物理勘探：geo-physical probe，geo-physical exploration测井：logging测井作业：logging operation测井记录：logging record4. 油（副词“好”含意）：well拓展记忆：井眼：hole油井：oil well试井，油井测试：well test井下：down-hole井下作业：down-hole operation第2节石油钻井方法基础词汇原油：crude oil天然气：nature gas煤层气：coal-bed gas一体化设计：integral design钻井：drilling钻井原理：the principles of drilling 顿钻钻井：percussion drilling，cable-tool drilling旋转钻井：rotary drilling液体冲击：fluid percussion大位移：big deviation侧钻井：sidetracking drilling technology，lateral drilling水平井：horizontal well探井：wildcat，wildcat drilling深井：deep well浅井：shallow well老井：maturing well欠平衡钻井：under-balance drilling 丛式钻井：cluster drilling technology 煤层气井：coal-bed gas well生产井：production wells报废井：abandon wells停产井：none-production wells绕障井、三维井：three-dimensional wells.常温井：normal temperature well注采井：injection and production well 稠油井：heavy oil well热洗井：hot washing pipe井况：well condition第3节石油钻井技术基础词汇技术规范，技术指标，技术性能：specification拉伸：tension拉伸强度：tensile strength应力：stress 压力：pressure应力点：stress point压力等级：pressure grade压力降：pressure drop压力梯度：pressure gradient回压：back pressure大气压：atmosphere压差：differential pressure静液柱压力：static fluid column pressure特征：characteristic，feature定性讨论：qualitative argument定量使用：quantitative use液体：liquid固体：solid气体：gas，air正的：positive负的：negative虚线：dashed line，broken line实线：full line递减率：decline rate正比于：be proportional to水平的：horizontal垂直的：vertical油层静压：the formation static pressure第4节石油钻井参数基础词汇负荷：load扭矩：torque扭转：twist摩擦：friction钻压：WOB，weight on bit，weight，drilling weight钻速：ROP，rate of penetration，driiling rate，the rate of drilling平均机械钻速：average ROP钻井周期：drilling period转速：rotary speed地层压力预测：formation pressure prediction technology地层快速预测：the formation fast prediction埋藏深度：bury depth产油层，产油带：pay zone, productive formation温度梯度：temperature gradient地层压力：formation pressure坍塌压力：collapse pressure破裂压力：fracture pressure平衡压力：equilibrium pressure钻具（柱）压力：drilling string pressure 钻头振动：vibration of bit钻井成本：drilling costs井眼尺寸：hole size，well size参数计算：parameters calculation几何参数：geometric parameters参数分析：parameter analysis 动态参数：dynamic data静态参数：static data注水参数：parameters of injection参数、变量：variables井距：well space垂直深度：vertical depth水平位移：horizontal deviation总深度：total depth垂直深度：vertical depth水平位移：horizontal displacement 最大井斜角：maximum hole inclination井眼环空：annulus space压力调节器：pressure regulator恢复（增加）压力：the build-up pressure初始开采：primary recovery含水地层：water bearing formation 套管漏失：casing leak摩擦损失：friction losses气举阀：gas-lift valve石蜡族：paraffin series含气液柱：gas-laden column增产措施：stimulation treatment流动能力：flowing capacity生产速率：production rate水驱：water drive气驱：gas drive网状系统：grid system水侵：water influx五点法：five-spot pattern油井产量：well productivity径向流：radial system富气：enriched gas贫气：lean gas气顶：gas cap气驱：gas drive (or gas flooding)水驱：water drive (or water flooding) 地层伤害：formation damage波及系数：sweep efficiency泄油半径：drainage radius基岩处理：matrix treatment单级脱气：single stage separation泄油面积：drainage area表面张力：surface tension束缚水：connate water (or interstitial water)第5节石油钻井作业现场工作人员名称1.钻井队：drilling crew，drilling team 队，组：crew , team2.技术员：technician钻井技术员：drilling technician泥浆技术员：mud technician3.监督：supervisor钻井监督：drilling supervisor副监督：assistant supervisor 地质监督：geology supervisor4. 工程师：engineer泥浆工程师：mud engineer泥浆工：mudman机械工程师：mechanic engineer引擎，发动机：engine工程：engineering钻井工程：drilling engineering采油工程：production engineering 石油工程：petroleum engineering试油工程：oil test engineering拓展记忆：工程项目：project希望工程：The Hope Project三峡工程：The Three-Gorge Project 项目经理：project manager工程管理：project management钻工：roughneck，floorman司钻：driller副司钻：assistant driller钻井队长：drilling foreman钻井领班：tool pusher井架工：derrick man发动机工，机工：motorman钻台工：floor man机械师：technicians，mechanic电焊工：welder电工：electrician医生：doctor材料员：material man，staff man炊事员：cook翻译：interpreter，translator洗衣工：laundry man第6节石油作业现场常用工具1. 石油作业现场普通工具板手：wrench螺丝起子：screwdriver多角螺丝起子：Phlilips screwdriver 活动板手：monkey wrench，adjustable wrench钳子：pliers手斧：hatchet钩子：hook台钳：bench vice榔头：hammer木锤：mallet搬手：spanner锯子：saw电动手锯：jigsaw电锯：power saw钢锯：hacksaw硬尺：rule软尺：tape measure砂纸：sandpaper油漆：paint油漆刷：paintbrush绝缘胶布：electrical tape 电线：wire插头：plug电插座：outlet开关：switch螺栓：bolt螺帽：nut钉子：nail电钻：electric drill钻头：bit工作台：workbench工具箱：toolbox胶水：glue胶棒：glue bar管钳：pipe tongs，pipe spanner，wrench链钳：chain tongs，chain spanner, chain wrench护丝：thread protector，screw protector手轮：hand wheel阀门搬手：valve wrench，valve spanner联接法兰：coupling flange安全带：safety belt：安全帽：safety cap：工作靴：working boots：千斤顶：jack吊车：crane拖拉机：tractor推土机：bulldozer刮刀：scraper2. 石油作业现场专用工具接头：sub配合接头：X-over ，cross-over提升短接：lifting sub, lifting nipple elevator卡瓦：slip母锥：box bell公锥：taper tap短节：joint柔性短节：flex joint井口：wellhead螺旋钻铤：spiral collar方钻杆：kelly钻杆架：pipe rack材料房：warehouse绳卡：guy anchor润滑器：lubricator维护保养：maintenance内钳：lead tong外钳：back-up tong液压大钳：hydraulic tong兜绳：mule line四通阀：four-way valve软管：hose球伐：ball valve，globe valve闸板阀：ram valve，gate valve增压泵：booster pump 换配件：fittings change灌注泵：charge pump第二章石油工程常用设备及专业术语第1节钻井设备部分1.井架：Derrick塔形井架：derrickA形井架：cantilever mast ，mast-A 桅杆：mast底座大梁：sill架，台：rack架工操作台：monkey-board2. 游动系统：Traveling System天车：crown block天车梁：crown block beam游动滑车：traveling block钻井大绳：drilling line，wire line 金属线，电线：wire，line钢丝绳，测井电缆：wire line钢丝绳股：strand截断：cutoff滑车，滑轮，皮带轮：pulley吊耳：eye plate3.大钩与水龙头：Hook and Swivel顶驱：top drive大钩：hook大钩弹簧：hook spring大钩销子：hook pin大钩环：hook ring大钩锁紧装置：hook locking device 大钩悬挂高度：hook height水龙头：swivel鹅颈管：gooseneck冲管：wash pipe水龙头盘根：swivel packing钻井水龙带：drilling hose，rotary hose，kelly hose立管：stand pipe高压管线：high pressure line低压管线：low pressure line放压管线：relief line储气筒：gas holder，air holder4.转盘：Rotary Table转盘方瓦：master bushing方补心：kelly drive bushing方孔：square opening小鼠洞：mouse hole大鼠洞：rat hole（井架大门处）坡板：ramp5.绞车：Drawworks ，Hoist液压绞车：hydraulically-powered winch气动绞车：air operated hoist绞车：hoist，windlass，drawworks 滚筒，线轴，卷轴：reel ，pool，drum 滚筒高速气离合器：drum high air clutch滚筒低速气离合器：drum low air clutch锚头：cathead液压猫头：hydraulic catwork上扣猫头：make up cathead卸扣猫头：make out cathead牙嵌离合器：jaw clutch应急牙嵌离合器：emergency jaw clutch涡磁刹车：eddy current brake猫头轴：cathead shaft猫头绳：cathead line猫头绳爪：cat line grip死绳：dead line死绳固定器：dead line anchor死绳固定器膜片：dead line diaphragm 上扣：spin up，screw on卸扣，卸开：break out，screw off 上紧，固定：tighten松开，松扣：loosen加载：load卸载：unload拧紧：screw拧松：unscrew刹车：brake刹车总成：brake assembly刹车轴：brake axle ，brake shaft 刹车带：brake band刹车片：brake band lining刹车杆：brake bar闸瓦：brake block刹把：brake crank ，brake bar刹车鼓：brake drum离合器：clutch液压油箱：hydraulic reservoir液动试压泵：hydraulic test pump液压大钳：hydraulic tong倒档齿轮：reverse gear第2节钻井泵类及相关设备泥浆泵：mud pump，drilling pump，slush pump活塞：piston活塞杆：piston rod活塞皮碗：piston cup缸套：liner，pump liner凡尔体：valve body凡尔座：valve cup阀弹簧：valve spring阀杆：valve lever阀面：valve face阀帽：valve bonnet泥浆泵安全阀：mud relief valve排出阀：discharge valve吸入阀：suction valve 潜水泵：submersible pump阀门：valve阀盖：valve cap阀座：valve seat回压阀：back pressure valve单向阀：check valve，single-pass valve 安全阀：safety valve手动阀：manual valve液动阀：hydraulic valve冷缸：cold cylinder拉杆：tie rod，tension bar上水头：intake，suction end排出口：discharge spout高压管：high pressure pipe压力表：pressure gauge冲数：strokes排量：displacement，discharge capacity，flow rate80冲(次) ：80 (eighty) strokes。

rotary-table drilling 回转钻进abrasive drilling磨钻auger drilling螺旋钻孔centre drilling中心钻削, 中心钻孔churn drilling冲钻, 舂钻countersunk drilling沉头钻cross drilling横向钻孔cutting drilling切削钻development drilling开拓钻孔diamond drilling(用)金刚石(钻头)钻孔directional drilling定向钻孔double-row drilling双条播种, 双行播种dry drilling干钻孔electric drilling电钻孔electron-beam drilling电子束钻孔electro-stream drilling电引流钻孔fan drilling扇形钻孔foam drilling泡沫集尘钻眼法fusion drilling熔化钻眼法gun drilling深钻孔hollow-rod drilling空心钻杆钻进horadiam drilling水平辐射状钻孔horizontal drilling水平钻孔; 水平钻法hydraulic drilling泥浆冲洗钻进; 湿法打眼, 湿法凿岩inclined drilling倾斜钻井jump drilling撞钻ladder drilling梯式钻眼法laser(hole) drilling激光打孔line drilling排钻采石法mechanical drilling机械钻眼Mohole drilling超深钻井narrow-row drilling窄行播种off-angle drilling钻斜孔法offset drilling内插钻井offshore drilling海上钻井percussion drilling冲击钻permafrost drilling永冻土钻孔pneumatic drilling压气钻孔, 风动钻孔postshot drilling爆后钻探precision drilling精密钻孔primary drilling初步打眼radial drilling辐射状钻孔reverse circulation drilling反循环钻进, 钻进反循环rotary blasthole drilling旋转式炮眼钻进(法)shaft drilling【采矿】钻粒钻机钻井single-hand drilling单手打眼smooth drilling平稳钻眼solid drilling实心钻法sonic drilling声频钻削step drilling(深孔)分段钻削step-by-step drilling逐步钻法surface drilling地面钻孔tail drilling推拉调车法test drilling钻屑试样test-hole drilling试孔钻探toe-to-toe drilling竖直大炮眼钻孔ultrasonic drilling超声钻法upward drilling(池窑耐火材料的)向上钻孔侵蚀vibration drilling振动钻眼wet drilling湿式凿岩wildcat drilling盲目钻探（Impregnated diamond bit）孕镶金刚石钻头（Surface-set diamond bit）表镶金刚石钻头Obliquity [☜♌●♓♦♓♦♓]n.倾斜度azimuth angle 方位角azimuth [ ✌♓❍☜]altitude azimuth高度方位角apparent azimuth近似方位(由声音判别所得的空中目标的方位); 视方位角astronomical azimuth天文方位角back azimuth反方位角, 后向角(增或减180°)celestial body azimuth天体方位coarse azimuth(高炮)概略方位角compass azimuth罗盘方位角computed firing azimuth(高炮)提前方位角control azimuth控制方位, 控制地平经度corrected azimuth修正方位角dead reckoning azimuth推测方位(角线)firing azimuth射击方位角forward azimuth前方位角future azimuth提前方位角geodetic azimuth大地方位角geographical azimuth地理方位角grid azimuth平面方位角gyro azimuth陀螺方位角head azimuth磁头方位角head gap azimuth磁头间隙方位角instrumental azimuth仪器方位角instantaneous azimuth瞬时方位角launch azimuth发射方位(角)magnetic azimuth磁方位optical azimuth光学仪器测定的方位角present azimuth当时方位present target azimuth(高炮)目标现在方位角,发射瞬间目标方位角principal azimuth主方位角reference azimuth基准[参考, 原始]方位(角) relative azimuth相对方位reverse azimuth反方位角safe azimuth安全方位角spherical azimuth球面方位角spheroidal azimuth椭球面方位角star azimuth天体方位角tabulated azimuth表列方位target azimuth目标方位time-and-altitude azimuth时间与高度方位true north azimuth真北方位角wind azimuth风向方位角zero-mils azimuth零密位方位角azimuth at present position(高炮)现在位置方位角, 发射瞬间目标(所在位置)方位角azimuth from which the wind blows风向方位角azimuth (of) director from the gun基线[观炮]方位角(指挥仪与发射阵地中心之间构成方位角) azimuth of heavenly bodies天体方位角azimuths of the sun太阳方位角azimuth to intercept截击点方位角石油工程专业英语钻探，钻井：drill钻井：drilling定向斜井：directional drilling欠平衡钻井：under-balance海上钻井：off-shore陆地钻井：on-land drilling钻头：drill bit刮刀钻头：drag bit牙轮钻头：rock bit金刚石钻头：diamond bit喷射钻头：jet bit 钻铤：drill collar衣领：collar钻杆：drill pipe钻井队：drilling crew，drilling team钻机：drill rig钻井泥浆：drilling mud钻井液：drilling fluid钻井设备：drilling equipment2. 油、石油：oil拓展记忆：原油：crude oil石油：petroleum中国石油（简称）：Petro-China采油：oil production采油设备：oil production equipment采油平台：oil production platform油泵：oil pump3.地质：geology拓展记忆：地质专业人员：geologist物理：physics地球物理勘探：geo-physical probe，geo-physical exploration测井Logging测井作业：logging operation测井记录：logging record4. 油（副词“好”含意）：well拓展记忆：井眼：hole油井：oil well试井，油井测试：well test井下：down-hole井下作业：down-hole operation原油：crude oil天然气：nature gas煤层气：coal-bed gas一体化设计：integral design钻井：drilling钻井原理：the priciples of drilling顿钻钻井：percussion drilling，cable-tool drilling旋转钻井：rotary drilling液体冲击：fluid percussion大位移：big deviation侧钻井：sidetracking drilling technology，lateraldrilling水平井：horizontal well探井：wildcat，wildcat drilling深井：deep well浅井：shallow well老井：maturing well欠平衡钻井：under-balanced drilling丛式钻井：cluster drilling technology煤层气井：coal-bed gas well生产井：production wells报废井：abandon wells停产井：none-production wells绕障井、三维井：three-dimensional wells.常温井：normal temperature well注采井：injection and production well稠油井：heavy oil well热洗井：hot washing pipe井况：well condition技术规范specification拉伸：tension拉伸强度：tensile strength应力：stress压力：pressure应力点：stress point压力等级：pressure grade压力降：pressure drop压力梯度：pressure gradient回压：back pressure大气压：atmosphere压差：differential pressure静液柱压力：static fluid cloumn pressure特征：characteristic，feature定性讨论：qualitative argument定量使用：quantitative use液体：liquid固体：solid气体：gas，air正的：positive负的：negative虚线：dashed line，broken line实线：full line递减率：decline rate正比于：be proportional to水平的：horizontal垂直的：vertical油层静压：the formation static pressure负荷：load扭矩：torque扭转：twist摩擦：friction钻压：WOB，weight on bit，weight，drilling weight钻速：ROP，rate of penetration，drilling rate，the rate of drilling平均机械钻速：average ROP 钻井周期：drilling period转速：rotary speed地层压力预测：formation pressure predictiontechnology地层快速预测：the formation fast prediction埋藏深度：bury depth产油层，产油带：pay zone, productive formation温度梯度：temperature gradient地层压力：formation pressure坍塌压力：collapse pressure and破裂压力：fracture pressure平衡压力：equilibrium pressure钻具（柱）压力：drilling string pressure钻头振动：vibration of bit钻井成本：drilling costs井眼尺寸：hole size，well size参数计算：parameters calculation几何参数：geometric parameters参数分析：parameter analysis动态参数：dynamic data静态参数：static data注水参数：parameters of injection参数、变量：variables井距：well space垂直深度：vertical depth水平位移：horizontal deviation总深度：total depth垂直深度：vertical depth水平位移：horizontal displacement最大井斜角：maximum hole inclination井眼环空：annulus space压力调节器：pressure regulator恢复（增加）压力：the build-up pressure初始开采：primary recovery含水地层：water bearing formation套管漏失：casing leak摩擦损失：friction losses气举阀：gas-lift valve石蜡族：paraffin series含气液柱：gas-laden column增产措施：stimulation treatment流动能力：flowing capacity生产速率：production rate水驱：water drive气驱：gas drive网状系统：grid system水侵：water influx五点法：five-spot pattern油井产量：well productivity径向流：radial system富气：enriched gas贫气：lean gas气顶：gas cap气驱：gas drive (or gas flooding)水驱：water drive (or water flooding)地层伤害：formation damage波及系数：sweep efficiency泄油半径：drainage radius基岩处理：matrix treatment单级脱气：single stage separation泄油面积：drainage area表面张力：surface tension束缚水：connate water (or interstitial water)1.钻井队：drilling crew，drilling team队，组：crew team2.技术员：technician钻井技术员：drilling technician泥浆技术员：mud technician监督：supervisor钻井监督：drilling supervisor副监督：assistant supervisor地质监督：geology supervisor工程师：engineer泥浆工程师：mud engineer泥浆工：mudman机械工程师：mechanic engineer引擎，发动机：engine工程：engineering钻井工程：drilling engineering采油工程：production engineering 石油工程：petroleum engineering 试油工程：oil test engineering拓展记忆：工程项目：project希望工程：The Hope Project三峡工程：The Three-Gorge Project 项目经理：project manager工程管理：project management钻工：roughneck，floorman司钻：driller副司钻：assistant driller钻井队长：drilling foreman钻井领班：tool pusher井架工：derrick man发动机工，机工：motorman钻台工：floor man机械师：technicians，mechanic电焊工：welder电工：electrician 医生：doctor材料员：material man，staff man炊事员：cook翻译：interpreter，translator洗衣工：laundry man板手：wrench螺丝起子：screwdriver多角螺丝起子：Phlilips screwdriver活动板手：monkey wrench，adjustable wrench钳子：pliers手斧：hatchet钩子：hook台钳：bench vice榔头：hammer木锤：mallet搬手：spanner活动板手：monkey wrench，adjustable wrench钳子：pliers手斧：hatchet钩子：hook台钳：bench vice榔头：hammer木锤：mallet搬手：spanner负荷：load扭矩：torque扭转：twist摩擦：friction钻压：WOB，weight on bit，weight，drillingweight钻速：ROP，rate of penetration，drilling rate，the rate of drilling平均机械钻速：average ROP钻井周期：drilling period转速：rotary speedDerrick井架Crown block天车Drilling line大绳Rig floor钻台Monkey board二层台Traveling block游车Top drive顶驱Shackle卡环Elevator吊卡Spud in开钻Spud mud开钻泥浆Safety slips安全卡瓦Sub/adapter接头/短节Kelly方钻杆Drill collar钻铤Drill pipe钻杆Drill string钻柱Lay down the drill pipe甩钻杆Jar震击器Shock absorber减震器Rat hole大鼠洞Mouse hole小鼠洞Fishing tool打捞工具Fishing spear打捞矛Pin公扣Box母扣Safety joint安全接头Safety belt安全带Safety cap/hard hat/helmet安全帽Boots工鞋Flange 法兰Back-up tongs内钳Lead tongs外钳Pneumatic tongs气动大钳Hydraulic tongs液压大钳Driller room司钻房Assistant driller副钻Floorman钻工Rig钻机Wellhead井口Bell Nipple井口喇叭口Fish井下落物Single(pipe)/joint单根Threbble/stand一柱Breaking down/lay down甩单根Make a connection接单根Pneumatic draw works气动绞车Basket吊笼Sling绳套Loosening松开Tightening紧固Change shift换班Tubing hanger油管挂Blowout preventer(BOP)防喷器Accumulator储能器Agitator 搅拌器Ato-muffler消音器Clutch离合器Heavy weight drill pipe(HWDP)加重钻杆Hydraulic valve液压阀Chock line阻流管线Well control manifold井控管汇Pressure relief valve压力释放阀Directional well定向井Conductor隔水套管Casing套管Tubing油管Liner 尾管Run casing下套管Casing size套管尺寸Surface casing表层套管Casing shoe套管靴Casing scraper刮管器Cementing pump固井泵Cementing line固井管线Cementing head水泥头Squeeze cement挤水泥Wait on cementing候凝Cement plug水泥塞Bridge plug桥塞Christmas tree采油树Screwdriver改锥Tighten the screw上紧螺丝Loosen the screw松开螺丝Pressure testing试压Leak漏泄Leak off test地漏试验Formation integrity test地漏试验No leaking不漏Electric welding电焊Gas welding气焊Sealing ring密封圈Sidewall井壁Get stuck/sticking卡钻Meet sticking/stick pipe遇卡Free stick解卡Meet resistance遇阻Mud circulation循环泥浆Kick井涌Blowout/gush井喷Lost circulation/lost returns井漏Plugging/sealing堵漏Lost circulation material堵漏材料Lost circulation additives/plugging agent堵漏剂Mud pit泥浆池HI-VIS sweep稠泥浆Mud additive泥浆添加剂Packer封隔器Bit钻头Centralizer/stabilizer扶正器Cuttings岩屑Reaming/redressing划眼Reverse reaming/back reaming/up reaming倒划眼Make-up of string钻具组合Build the pressure憋压Waiting on cement候凝Slurry水泥浆Logging电测Wiper trip通井Coring取芯Coring tool取芯工具Coring bit取芯钻头Formation地层Kill line压井管线Choke line manifold阻流管汇Trip in hole(TIH)/running in hole(RIH)/go inhole(GIH)下钻Pull out of the hole(POOH)起钻Bottom hole assembly(BHA)井底钻具组合Short trip短起Reverse circulation反循环Open the well for gushing放喷Burner燃烧器Hydrogen sulfide/hepatic gas硫化氢Mask防毒面具Measuring tank/trip tank计量罐Separator分离器Desander/sand separator除沙器Shale shaker震动筛Mud pump/slush pump/drilling pump泥浆泵Piston活塞Liner钢套Valve阀门High pressure pipe高压管线Rush to repair抢修Viscosifier增粘剂Diluent稀释剂Stabilizer稳定剂Emulsifying agent乳化剂Disperse agent消油剂Caustic soda烧碱Gravity比重Mud engineer泥浆工程师Geologic engineer地质师Mechanical engineer机械师Drilling engineer钻井工程师Electrical engineer电器师Supervisor监督Captain/shipmaster船长Mudman泥浆工Start pumping开泵Stop pumping停泵Pipe tongs/pipe spanner管钳Thread protector护丝Hose 软管Hook 大钩Ball valve/globe valve球阀Hydrogen氢气Nitrogen氮气Oxygen氧气Overload过载Hatch door舱门Anchor machine锚机Mooring rope带缆绳Anchor chain锚链Fire extinguisher灭火器Fire hydrant消防栓Water tap水龙带Deck甲板Draft line吃水线Helideck飞机甲板Portable water/fresh water淡水Drill water钻井水Ventilation通风设备Thermometer温度计Anemometer风速仪Barometer气压仪Crane boom吊车爬杆Transformer变压器Life boat救生艇Life jacket救生衣Life buoy救生圈Survival suit救生服Safety net安全网Foam fire extinguishing system泡沫灭火系统Co2 hand portable fire extinguisher手提式CO2灭火机Portable dry powder fire extinguish手提式干粉灭火机Fireman’s suit消防服Stretcher担架First aid kit急救箱First aid equipment急救设备Standby boat值班船Towing line拖缆Jack house升降室Condenser冷凝器Fire drill消防演习BOP drill防喷器演习Abandon drill逃生演习Fire alarm system火灾报警系统Variable load可变载荷Paint油漆Crane吊车Brush刷子Welding rod电焊条Remove rust除锈Unload卸载Drop anchor抛锚Gesture手势Signal信号Range light桅灯Lamp signal灯语Flag signal旗语Broadcast广播Barite重晶石Bentonite土粉Cement水泥Tray托盘Rack架Bundle捆Prevent pollution防污Mop拖布Rag 擦布Tie up带缆Cast off解缆Diesel柴油Generator发电机Motor电机Air condition空调Air compressor空压机Fresh water maker造水机Emergency generator应急发电机Fire pump消防泵Fuel pump燃油泵Mud cycle pump泥浆循环泵Distribution room配电间Submersible pump潜水泵Boiler锅炉Ground connection接地Short circuit短路Air button空气开关Electric shock触电Pliers老虎钳Keep away走开Cubic meter立方Square meter平方Water tank水舱Oil tank油舱Ballast tank压载舱实用行业英语：钻井业常用专业词汇A氨基三乙酸(NTA) aminotriacetic acid胺基amino铵基ammonium安全地层safe formation安全试破safe destruction安全钻井safe drilling坳陷down warping region螯合chelation凹陷sag凹陷地层subsidence formation奥陶系Ordovician systemAPI模拟法API recommened methodB多靶点multiple target point白沥青white asphalt白油mineral oil白云母white mica半透膜semipermeable membrane包被絮凝剂flocculant包被envelop包被抑制性encapsulating ability饱和度saturation饱和度剖面图profile map of degree ofsaturation饱和盐水saturated salt water背斜anticlinal钡barium苯环benzene ring苯酚phenyl hydroxide本质区别essential difference泵压过高overhigh pumping pressure比表面积specific surface area比吸水量specific absorption比重瓶法density bottle method避免avoid蓖麻油ricinus oil边界摩擦boundary friction扁藻（浮游植物）algae变化趋势variation trend标准化standardization标准粘度测量standard visicosity measure表面粗糙度roughness of the surface表面电位surface electric potential表面活性剂surfactant ,surface active agent表面能interface energy表面粘度surface viscosity表面抛光sample surfaceAibbs表面弹性Aibbs surface elasticity表面张力surface tension表明verify /reveal表皮系数(S) skin coefficient憋钻bit bouncing宾汉方程bingham equation丙三醇glycerine丙烯情acrylonitrile丙烯酸acrylic acid丙烯酸盐acrylate丙烯酰胺acrylamide薄而韧的泥饼thin,plastic and compactedmud-cake薄片flake薄弱地层weak formation泊松比poisson’s ratio剥离peel off补救remediation不分散泥浆nondispersed mud不干扰地质录井play no role in geological logging不均质储层heterogeneous reservoir不均匀uneven不可逆irreversible不同程度inordinately部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(PHPA) partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamideC参数优选parametric optimization残酸reacted acid残余饱和度residual staturation残渣gel residue , solid residue测量measure侧链side chain侧钻水平井sidetrack horizontal well层间interlayer层间距the distance between the two crystal layer, layer distance层理bedding层流layer flow差减法minusing尝试trial柴油diesel oil长连缔合物long chain associated matter操作方法operation method超伸井high deep well超深预探井ultradeep prospecting well超声波ultrasonography超高密度泥浆extremely high density mud超细碳酸钙super-fine calcium carbonate 产层production/pay zone产层亏空reservoir voidage产量production ,output沉淀precipitation沉降subside沉降速度settling rate沉砂sand setting衬套sleeve程序program成对水平井paired parallel horizontal wells成分ingredient成胶剂gelatinizing agent成膜树脂film-forming resin成岩性差poor diagenetic grade承压bearing pressure承压低lower pressure resistance承压能力loading capacity尺寸dimension斥力repulsion除硫效果sulfur limitation effect除硫剂sulfur elimination除砂器desander触变性thixotropy触变剂thixotropic agent垂沉sag垂直井vertical well充气钻井液aerated drilling fluid磁化magnetization次生有机阳离子聚合物secondary organiccationic polymer冲砂sand removal冲蚀flush冲刷washing out冲洗clean冲洗效率cleaning efficiency冲洗液washing fluid从…角度from the standpoint of丛式井cluster well稠化剂gelling agent稠油区viscous oil area稠油藏high oil reservoir初步分析preliminary analysis初始稠度initial consistency初始粘度initial viscosity初探primary investigation处理剂additive ,treating-agent粗分散泥浆coarse dispersed mud粗泡沫堵漏工艺coarse-foam pluggingtechnology促凝剂accelerating agent醋酸acetate醋酸钠sodium acetate窜流fluid channeling脆裂embrittlement crack脆性brittle/crisp ,fragility催化剂accelerant , catalyst萃取剂extracting agentD达西定律Darcy’s equation大段水层thick aqueous formation大分子氢键络合作用polycomplexation ofhydrogen bond大灰量mass slurry大井斜角high deviation angle大块岩样big rock sample大块钻屑massive drilling cuttings大类genera大理石marble大砾石层large gravel bed大量分析quantitative analysis大排量洗井high flow rate washover大排量循环high flow rate circulation大位移定向井extended-reach directional well 大斜度钻井big inclination/angle drilling大直径井眼large hole代表性岩心representive core sample单宁酸tannate单体monomer单相关分析法analyzing method of single correlation单相关系数加权coefficient weighted method of single correlation单轴抗压强度uniaxial compressive strength氮nitrogenN-羟甲剂胺N-hydroxymethyl amine淡水fresh water单向压力暂堵剂unidirectional pressure temporary plugging additive导向螺杆钻具stearable assemly导向器guider等温曲线isothermal curve低毒油基low toxicity oil based低返速low return-velocity低固相泥浆low solid drilling fluid低级醛low-grade aldehyde低粘土相泥浆low clay content drilling fluid狄塞尔堵漏剂diacel plugging agent滴定titration底水丰富basal water abundance 底水油藏井bottom water reservoir well第二界面second contact surface缔合物associated matter地层formation地层出液量formation fluid production地层破碎straturn breaking地层倾角大higher formation clination地层水formation water地层损害formation damage地面岩心压汞surface core mercury injectiontest地下水groundwater , subsurface water地应力ground stress地质geology地质构造geologic structure淀粉starch电测electronic logging电导率electric conductivity电荷electricity电化学法electrochemistry method电解质electrolyte电镜分析electronic microscope photos电位potential fallξ电位zeta potential电性electric property电泳法electrophoresis method电子探针electron spectrum调查census顶替过程displacing operation定量设计quantitative design定向井direction well定子stator冻胶gel动静弹性模量dynamic and static elasticitymodulus动力稳定性settling stability动力学kinetics动态滤失dynamic filtration动切力yield value动塑比ratio of dynamic shear force/yield valueto plastic viscosity堵漏plugging堵塞seal堵塞比(DR) damage ratio堵塞物bulkhead堵水water shutoff毒性大high toxicity毒性污染环境toxicity ruins the environment短过渡short transition time短纤维brief fiber断层发育mature fault断裂带faulted zone对策countermeasure多产层multilayered reservoir多分支侧钻井multi-lateral sidetracking well多功能添加剂multifunction additive多孔介质porons medium多目标定向井multi-target directional well多相稳态胶体悬浮体系polynomial gelsuspension system多元醇polyatomic alcohol多元非线性回归multielement non-linesrregression多元统计multivariate statistics惰性材料inert material惰性润滑剂inert lubricantE二次沉淀secondary precipitation二叠系Permian system二甲胺dimethylamine二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride二价阳离子bivalent ion二开second section二氧化碳（CO2）carbon dioxide二元共聚物binary polymerF发气剂gas-development发展趋势development tendency反排解堵plug removal by reverse flow范氏力van der waals force范氏粘度计fann viscosimeter返回go back to方便钻井液复合粉convenient mud compound powder方程equation芳香烃aromatic group防窜水泥anti-fluid-channeling cement防腐anti-corrosion防卡pipe-sticking prevention ,anti-sticking防漏失lost circulation prevention防气窜anti-fluid-channeling防塌机理mechanism of anti-caving防塌剂anti-caving/collapse agent , clay stabilizer防止p revent…from纺织textile放空不返loss of bit load with loss return放射性示踪剂radioactive tracer tritium 非均质nonhomogeneity非离子nonionic非牛顿流体non-newtonian fluid非渗透性impervious废泥浆mud disposal沸石zeolite分布distribution分段固井技术stage cementing technology分光度法spectrophotometer分类division分散dispersion分散剂dispersant分散介质dispersion medium分析analysis分形理论fractal theory分形几何fractal geometry分子molecules分子间能量交换energy exchange betweenmolecules分子量molecular weight分子链molecular chain分子形态shape of molecular chain粉尘dust粉煤灰fly ash粉末powder粉砂质aleuritic texture酚羟基的邻位或对位氢p-or o-hydrogen atomof phenolic group封闭剂sealing agent封闭稳定good isolation封堵formation sealing封堵剂formation sealant封固段interval isolation扶正器centralizer氟硼酸borofluorhydric浮力效应effect of buoyancy孵化速度incubation浮游植物floating vegetation复合combine复合离子multifunctional ionic复合离子聚合物amphiprotic/amphotericpolymers ,复合金属两性离子聚合物composite metalzwitterionic polymer复合聚合物泥浆compound-polymer mud复配方案compositional formulation复杂地层complex formation, troublesomeregion ,trick formation复杂度complex rate复杂时效outage time复杂情况down-hole troublesome condition腐蚀corrosion腐蚀电位corrosion potential腐蚀速率corrosion rate腐殖酸humate ,humic acid腐殖酸钾(KHm) potassium humic辅料auxiliary material负negative负压钻井underbalanced drilling符合accord with符合率coincidence rate副产品by-product附加密度addition mud densityG改善泥饼质量improvement of mud cake改性modification改性淀粉modified starch改性沥青modified asphalt改造refomation钙calcium钙矾石ettringite钙膨润土钠化sodium modified calcium betonite干混拌技术mixing technology干扰interfere with甘油glycerol锆zirconium高分子higher molecular weight高分子聚合物macromoleclar polymer高分子絮凝剂polymer flocculant高负荷high load高级脂肪醇树脂higher fatty alcohol高价金属阳离子high valent cationic高角度微裂缝high angle micro-fracture高矿化度地层水highly mineralized formation brines高岭土kaolinite高炉矿渣(BFS) blast furnace slag高密度钻井液high density drilling fluid高难度high challenge高粘度清扫液viscous sweeping fluid高砂比high sand ratio高温静置quiescence in high temperature高温泥浆high-temperature mud高吸水量树脂absorbent resin高温高压流变仪HTHP rheometer高效润滑剂super lubricant高压盐水层high pressured slatwater layer膏岩层gypsolyte 膏质泥岩creaming mudstone膏状磺化沥青paste sulphonated asphalt隔离冲洗液spacer/flushing fluid隔离膜isolating membrane各向异性anisotropy工程engineering共聚copolymerization共聚物copolymer共聚物类降粘剂copolymer thinner狗腿dogleg构造裂缝structural fracture固化solidification固化剂hardener , curing agent固井技术cementing technology固体团块solid cake固相solid phase固相含量solid concentration固相颗粒solid particles固相颗粒侵入solid invasion固相控制技术solid control technology固相损害damage of particles固液分离技术centrifugal separation method胍胶guargum瓜尔胶guar挂片失重法weight loss method关掉电机turn off the power光谱spectroscopy硅silicone硅粉silica powder硅氟fluosilicic硅铝比ratio of silicate to aluminium硅酸钠sodium silicate硅酸盐silicate滚轮失重法roller weight loss method国内外home and abroad过渡金属transitional metal过平衡压力over-balanced pressure过剩浓度residual concentration过氧化物peroxide海绿石chlorite海上offshore海水泥浆sea water mud海湾bay海洋生物marine animal含量content含水量moisture content耗氧量（COD）chemical oxygen demand耗氧量(BOD520) biological oxygen demand核桃壳粉walnut shell flour核磁共振（NMR）nuclear magnetic resonance合成synthesis合成基钻井液synthetic base drilling fluid合格eligible合理级配reasonable distribution褐煤lignite赫巴模式Herschel-Buckley model黑色正电胶(BPG) black positive gel恒定滤失速率constant filtration rate葫芦串irregular borehole护胶剂colloid protecting resistance护胶作用colloid stability互层interbeded红外光谱infrared spectrography花岗岩granite划眼作业reaming operation化学螯合剂chelating agent化学冲洗液chemically washing solution化学结垢(沉淀) chemical precipitation环保型environment friendly /acceptable环境保护environment protection环空当量密度annular equivalent density环空返速velocity in annular环空压耗annular pressure lost环氧丙烷epoxypropare环氧氯丙烷(ECH) epoxy chloropropane ,epichlorohydric缓蚀剂corrosion inhibitor磺化sulfonation磺化酚醛树脂sulfomethal phenolaldehy resin 磺化剂sulfonating agent磺化类处理剂sulfonated additives磺化沥青sulfonated gilsonite磺化沥青泥浆sulfonated-asphalt mud磺甲基酚醛树脂sulfonated methypheuo formald-ehyde磺酸基团sulfonic acid group ,sulfo group灰色关联分析法gray relative analysis method 灰岩limestone回归分析regressive analysis回收率recovery percent回填还耕refilling for plowland火成岩igneous rock火山喷发岩volcanic混合金属层状氢氧化物(MMLHC) mixed metal layer hydroxide compound混合金属氢氧化物(MMH) mixed metal hydroxides混合纤维composite fiber混合盐水mixed salt 活动套管moving casing活度water activity活性硅灰activated grammite活性粘土矿物active clayey mineral活性污泥法activated sludge process宏观macroscopicJ基液base fluid机械力mechanical机械杂质mechanical impurity机械钻速(ROP) rate of penetrate及时反出timely return极限剪切粘度high shear viscosity极限应变ultimate strain极性基团polar group极压润滑剂pressured/extreme lubricator挤堵squeeze激光多普勒测速仪(LDA) laser Doppleranemometer激光粒度仪laser particle analyzer激活剂activator技术措施technical measure技术讲座workshop for technology技术经济效果technical-economic effect技术套管intermediate casing季铵盐quaternary ammonium, anionic group钾potassium ,kalium钾基石灰泥浆potassium base lime mud甲硅烷基化处理methylsilicane甲基methyl甲基硅油聚磺高密度钻井液methyl siliconeoil polysulfonatedrilling fluid with high density甲醛formaldehyde , methanal甲酸盐formate加量dosage加重剂heavy weight additive加重泥浆weighted mud加重钻井液“垂沉” sag phenomenon ofweighted drilling fluid架桥粒子bridge particle价数valence监督supervision碱alkali简化泥浆处理simplify mud treatment简介brief description检查井inspection well检测inspection/monitor减轻剂lightening admixture减阻剂anti-friction agent , drag reducer剪切破坏shear failure剪切稀释能力shear thinning property ,shearing dilution剪切应力shear stress键bond健康,安全与环境(HSE) health , safety andenvironment间隙clearance降解产物degradation products降粘机理thinning mechanism降粘剂thinner,visbreaker降失水剂fluid loss agent/additive, filtrationreducer胶结强度bonding/consolidation strength胶结疏松weak bonding胶囊破胶剂encapsulated gel breaker胶凝gelatify胶凝性质jellyfication胶乳latex胶体率colloid fraction胶体稳定性colloid stability胶质gum交联cross-linking交联剂cross linker交联冻胶gel cross-linking交换液exchange fluid接近concordant with结垢precipitation, scale deposit , fouling结构可瞬时形成或拆散quick formation and breaking结构强度structural strength结合refer to结晶crystallization结晶水crystal water接触角contact angle接枝共聚物grafting copolymerization解卡剂pipe free agent介质medium界面interface界面胶结interfacial cementation金属metal金属离子metal ions紧密堆积理论theory of high packing近井壁near-well zone近平衡钻井near-balanced drilling浸出液leaching agent浸酸改造acidizing经验性总结分析empirical analysis晶格lattice bond 净化技术solid control井壁稳定borehole井壁稳定hole stability ,stable borehole井底downhole井底静止温度低(BHST) low borehole statictemperature井段interval/section井径well/hole gauge井径规则regular and consistent borehole gauge井径扩大率hole diameter enlargement rate井口wellhead井漏lost circulation井身结构wellbore configuration井下安全downhole safety井下复杂情况down hole problem井斜inclination井眼well bore ,borehole井眼轨迹well track井眼净化hole cleaning井眼缩径hole shrinkage井眼稳定hole stability井涌kick浸泡时间soak time静切力(结构力) gel strength/static shear force静损害static damage静态挂片法static weight loss method静态滤失static filtration静液柱压差hydrostatic column pressuredifference静置quiescence静止消泡时间static defoaming time静置沉淀static settlement居中centralization居中度centralizer聚α－烯基polyalphaolifen聚丙烯青铵盐ammonium polyacryhoitril聚丙烯酰胺(PAM) polyacrylamide聚电解质poly-electrolyte聚合醇polyalcohol , polyol聚合物不分散泥浆non dispersed polymer mud聚合物降滤失水剂polymer filtration controlagent聚合物三磺盐水泥浆three-sulfonated polymersalt mud聚合物钻井液polymer drilling fluid聚合物混油钻井液poly-oil mixture drillingfluid聚磺钻井液sulphonated polymer mud聚结稳定性coagulation stability聚乙二醇(PEG) polyethyleneglycol聚乙烯醇(PVA) polyvinyl alcoholK卡森方程Casson equation卡钻pipe-sticking卡钻因子stuck-pipe factor勘探与开发exploration and development开发井development well开钻泥浆spud mud抗冲击韧性toughness抗冲击性impact resistance抗电解质potential resistance to electrolytecontamination抗钙compatibility of calcium抗裂程度rupture strength抗温抗盐heat and salinity tolerance抗压强度compressive strength。

drilling 中的名词解释一，drilling中和人体、动物有关的名词及解释1.bull nose2.cat head3.cat walk4.dog ears5.dog house6.finger board7.fox hole8.monkey board9.mouse hole10.spider11.roughneck12.rabbit13.gooseneck二，其它名词解释1，BOP2，LMRP3，SID4，ROV5，MRT6，RISER7，HWDP,COLLAR,STRING8，SLUG CATCHERSID,LMRP,MRT,ROV,HWDP等bull nose用来封住casing string的钢板（焊在下端部），球面形或半椭球形，像个牛鼻子。

有的直接用个带螺纹的塞子塞住的。

好像是用来做泥浆循环实验。

cat head在drill floor上的cat head用来辅助吊sand line的，如下图红色的cat head，顶部的轮子下面有个液压泵，旁边的轮子可以像合页一样转动，用来调整拉拽的角度。

还应该有根钢丝，一端绕过旁边的轮子和顶部的轮子，固定在另一端（和旁边轮子对过的一边），使用的时候顶部的轮子在液压泵的推动下向上移动，钢丝的来拽距离是上面轮子移动距离的两倍。

这种形式的cathead目前广泛应用在平台和钻井船上。

也有其他形式的，作用都差不多，如下图中的cathead。

基本用在陆地上。

（cat walk在船上的catwalk大家都知道的吧，在平台上也有类似的结构。

在钻井系统中指的是和vee-door下面的pipe ramp链接的窄长平台，用来运送钻井所需的工具、管子等这个图是陆地上catwalk。

图中是工人在上面选管子准备运到drill floor上。

dog ears焊接在casing的端部的小板，在吊运的时候用到。

dog_earslg.jpg (25.95 KB)dog housedog house 又叫boiler house这个只有在陆地钻井时看的到，就是一个在拖车上的小房间，或是在卡车上分割出来的小房间。

序号中文英文西班牙文常用钻井词汇Useful Words of Drilling1 钻井 drill(make hole) taladro, perforacion de pozo2 可钻性 drillbability3 可钻碎的 drillable4 可钻式尾管悬挂器 drillable liner5 可钻式封隔器 drillable packer6 可钻式永久封隔器 drillable permanent packer7 继续钻井 drill ahead8 钻柱组合9 钻头 drill bit taladro,broca,barrena,mechas10 钻头行程 drill bit run11 钻井钢丝绳 drill cable cable(alambre)de taladro12 钻铤 drill collar porta-mechas13 钻铤环空 drill collar annulus14 钻铤水眼 drill collar bore15 钻铤弯曲度 drill collar curvature16 钻铤应力减轻槽 drill collar groove17 钻铤提升短节 drill collar lifting nipple18 钻铤扶正器 drill collar stabilizer estabilizador de porta-mechas19 钻铤刚度 drill collar stiffness20 取心井 drill core sample hole21 钻井队 drill(-ing) crew grupo (equipo)de perforacion de pozo22 岩屑 drill cuttings(solids)23 已钻区 drilled area24 水泥碎屑 drilled cement25 干钻 drilled dry26 已钻进尺 drilled footage27 钻头切削刀 drill edge28 已钻通的 drilled in29 钻入桩脚 drilled pile30 钻探储量 drilled reserves31 钻进显示 drilled show32 完钻井 drilled well33 司钻 driller maestro de taladro34 钻机台月 driller-month35 司钻控制台 driller's console36 司钻小型控制台 driller's control cabinet37 司钻记录 driller's log38 司钻法（压井） driller's method39 司钻监视器 driller's monitor40 司钻（平）台 driller station41 钻井班报表 driller reportaje de turno de taladro42 钻头打捞器 drill extractor43 钻台 drill floor44 钻井液 drill fluid45 钻井进尺 drill footage longitud de perforacion en pies46 钻头离开井底空转 drill free47 钻头规 drill gauge48 井眼 drill hole49 井口返出泥浆 drill-hole returns50 井距 drill-hole spacing51 测井斜 drill-hole survey medir la inclinacion de pozo52 打开生产井 drill-in53 下套管后再开井 drilling ahead54 钻井分析 drilling analytical work55 钻头 drilling bit taladro, mechas56 钻探井租地 drilling block57 钻进中放空 drilling break58 钻机能力 drilling capacity59 钻井扶正器 drilling centralizer60 钻井用粘土 drilling clay61 完井作业 drilling completion operation complir la operacion62 完井方案 drilling completion program63 钻井条件 drilling condition64 钻井合同 drilling contract contrato de perforacion de pozo65 钻井成本 drilling cost66 钻杆接箍 drilling coupling67 钻井队 drilling crew68 岩屑 drilling cuttings69 钻井周期 drilling cycle70 钻井污染区 drilling damage zone71 钻井数据库 drilling data base72 钻井工作量 drilling effort73 钻井工程师 drilling engineer ingeniero de taladro74 钻井工程（学） drilling engineering75 钻井工程录井仪 drilling engineering data logging unit76 钻井设备 drilling equipment77 钻井开支 drilling expenditure78 钻井经验 drilling experience79 钻井专家 drilling expert80 循环系统 circulating system sistema de circulacion81 净化系统 drilling system82 进尺 drilling footage longitud avanzada de perforacion83 钻井队长 drilling foreman84 水龙带 drilling hose85 钻井人员 drilling implementer personal de taladro86 压力平衡钻进 drilling-in-balance87 钻井仪表 drilling instrument88 钻进井段 drilling interval89 钻井楼层 drilling invasion zone90 随钻震击器 drilling jar91 钻井记录表 drilling journey92 钻井大绳 drilling line93 尾管 drilling liner94 尾管固井 drilling liner cementing95 大绳滚筒 drilling line reel96 尾管悬挂器 drilling liner hanger97 钻压 drilling load98 钻进录井 drilling log99 双腿井架 drilling mast100 钻速方程 drilling model101 钻进监控系统 drilling monitor system102 泥浆 drilling mud103 钻井作业 drilling operation operacion de taladro104 钻井经营者 drilling operator105 优化钻井 drilling optimization106 钻水泥塞 drilling out107 钻井设备 drilling outfit108 钻井参数 drilling parameter parametro de taladro109 钻井优化参数 drilling parameter optimization110 井位布置 drilling pattern111 钻井人员 drilling people112 钻井许可权 drilling permit113 钻井阶段 drilling phase114 钻井平台 drilling platform115 钻井实践（作业） drilling practice116 钻井预报 drilling prediction117 钻井泵压 drilling pressure parametro de bombeo de taladro 118 钻井程序 drilling program119 钻井进度 drilling progress120 钻井研究开发部 drilling R and D121 钻速 drilling drilling rate122 钻速方程 drilling rate model123 行程钻速 drilling rate of a trip124 钻速记录仪 drilling rate recorder125 钻井记录 drilling record126 钻井船 drilling ship(vessel)127 钻井模拟器 drilling simulator128 井场 drilling site129 钻井专家 drilling specialist130 钻速 drilling speed131 防喷器下的四通 drilling spool132 钻柱 drilling stem(string)133 钻柱扶正器 drilling string stabilizer columna de taladro 134 钻井总监 drilling superintendent135 钻井监督 drilling supervisor superintendente136 钻井技术 drilling technique(tech) supervisor de taladro 137 钻井技术员 drilling technician138 钻井工艺 drilling technology tecnico de taladro139 钻井供应船 drilling tender140 钻井时间 drilling time141 钻时记录 drilling time log142 钻速记录仪 drilling time recorder143 钻至设计井深 drilling to completion144 钻具 drilling tool145 钻具接头 tool substitute146 钻井涡轮 herramientas de taladro147 钻机组148 钻碎149 钻压150 铣鞋151 钻井参数监测仪152 试钻153 钻水泥塞工具154 钻杆155 钻杆环空156 钻井水眼157 钻杆公扣158 钻杆母扣159 小钻杆卡瓦160 钻杆计数器161 钻杆接箍162 钻杆割刀163 钻杆电测164 钻杆吊卡165 钻杆回压凡尔166 卡钻167 钻杆丝扣规168 钻杆检查 elevador de vara(tubo)perforadora169 钻杆铣鞋170 钻杆护丝 taladro atrapado(detenido,adherido)171 钻杆内泵送塞172 钻杆回收记录173 钻具解卡174 钻杆橡胶护箍175 钻杆旋扣器176 钻杆扶正器177 钻杆立柱178 钻杆接头179 钻杆拉力180 钻杆弯曲181 钻杆振动182 钻井平台183 泥浆泵184 泥浆录井185 钻机186 钻杆（纤子）187 白棕绳188 砂样189 轻便钻机190 井场191 岩屑192 钻进时钻速降低193 成套钻具194 方补心195 中途测试 terreno de pozo196 中途测试资料分析197 中途测试压力卡片221 钻井用水 drill water agua en uso de taladro。

油气工程采油工程设计常用术语大全油气工程专业英语大全1. 井眼（wellbore）：井身或钻井井筒的内部空间。

2. 钻井（drilling）：用钻头或其他工具在地下钻探井筒。

3. 井口（wellhead）：位于地面上的井的顶端，包括井口装置、阀门、管道和其他设备。

4. 井底（bottom hole）：井的底部，即油层或气层。

5. 钻井液（drilling fluid）：一种用于冷却钻头、清除岩屑和维持钻井稳定的液体。

6. 钻井孔（borehole）：在岩石或土壤中钻成的孔洞。

7. 岩屑（cuttings）：通过钻井液将岩石碎屑带到地面的颗粒。

8. 地层（formation）：地球内部的岩石或土壤层。

9. 注水（water flooding）：将水注入油层以使油流动和采集。

10. 提馏（distillation）：将原油加热至不同温度，使其各种组分分离的过程。

11. 含水饱和度（water saturation）：油藏中含水的比例。

12. 采油率（oil recovery ratio）：从油田中采出的原油占总储量的比例。

13. 储量（reserves）：油气田或油气藏中可经济开采的可用能源量。

14. 阻力（resistance）：油气流动过程中所遇到的阻碍。

15. 注入（injection）：将一种液体或气体注入油田或油藏。

17. 水驱（water flooding）：利用注水来推动油的采收。

18. 人工举升（artificial lifting）：采用人工方法将油抽到地面。

19. 油藏工程师（reservoir engineer）：专门从事油藏储量、油藏开发和生产工程等方面研究和设计的工程师。

20. 石油勘探（petroleum exploration）：为了寻找潜在的油气资源而进行的调查和勘探活动。

1. Drilling engineering（钻井工程）2. Reservoir engineering（油气藏工程）3. Production engineering（生产工程）4. Formation evaluation（地层评价）5. Well testing（试井）6. Well stimulation（井况改善）7. Enhanced oil recovery（增强油田开发）8. Natural gas engineering（天然气工程）9. Pipeline engineering（管道工程）10. Reservoir simulation（油气藏模拟）11. Well control（井控）12. Well logging（测井）13. Casing design（套管设计）14. Drill bit selection（钻头选择）15. Geosteering（地质导向钻井）17. Pressure transient analysis（压力时变分析）18. Sand control（防砂措施）19. Oil and gas transportation（油气运输）20. HSE (Health, Safety, and Environment) in oil and gas industry（石油与天然气行业的健康、安全与环境）21. Well intervention（井下作业）22. Acidizing（酸化处理）23. Horizontal drilling（水平井钻探）24. Hydraulic fracturing（水力压裂）25. Offshore drilling（海上钻井）。