2012年职称英语（综合类）考试教材新增内容（完整版）
1. 词汇选项：没有变动
2. 阅读判断：C级新增1篇，B级新增1篇，A级没有新增
3. 概括大意与完成句子：C级新增1篇，B、A级没有新增
4. 阅读理解：C级新增5篇、B级新增15篇，A级新增8篇
5. 补全短文：C级新增2篇、B级新增1篇，A级没有新增
6. 完形填空：C级、B级、A级各新增5篇
阅读理解（8篇）
+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not 逃亡
+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路
+第三十六篇 A Tale of scottish Rural Life（2011为B级文章）一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事
+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa 非洲的流行音乐
+第三十八篇Why So Many Children? 为什么有这么多的孩子
+第三十九篇Eat To Life（2011为B级文章）为了活着吃饭
+第四十篇Narrow Escape （2011为B级文章）美国疾病预防新政策
+第四十七篇Narrow Escape九死一生
完形填空（5篇）
+第十一篇School Lunch +第十二篇 A Powerful Influence +第十三篇The Old Gate
+第十四篇Family History +第十五篇Helen and Martin
注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；
阅读理解
+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not
It had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.1 Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit. Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while.
I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others，it didn't have a sign shouting its name and business，and instead of the usual impersonal modern lighting，there was an appealing glow inside. Strangely nothing was displayed in the window. Not put off by this，I went inside.
It took my breath away. I didn't know where to look, where to start. On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition. A card pushed between the strings said $50. I ran my hand along a long shelf of records, reading their titles. And there was more...
“Can I help you？”She startled me. I hadn't even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.
Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age；she reminded me
faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. 'I was just looking really,' I said, though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus.
The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.
I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation. 'To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience,' she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didn't add anything.
She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. 'This is the best book I can give you at the moment,' she laughed. “If you u se it.” I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left.
词汇：
impersonal /im'p?:s?n?l/ adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；[语] 非人称的n.[语]非人称动词；不具人格的事物
antique /?n'ti:k/ adj. 古老的，年代久远的n. 古董，古玩
startle /'stɑ:tl/ vt. vi. 使吓一跳，使惊奇n.惊愕，惊恐
arid / '?rid/ adj. 干旱的，枯萎的。毫无生气的
magnetic /m?g'netik/ adj. 有吸引力的，磁极的
注释：
1. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would for the furthest.
巡回乐团道具管理组的成员在用美元玩儿游戏，把纸币折成纸飞机的形状然后看谁飞得最远。
2. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger , nor strange, to her. 我还是觉得那种被直视的感觉很美妙，那种感觉是我既不是陌生人而且对她来说并不陌生。
3. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything.
房间的灯光也让我感觉和特别，灯光来自天花板上的油灯，使一切都笼罩在巨大的阴影之下。
练习：
1.Why did the writer want to leave the hotel?
A)To enjoy the good weather.
B)To have a change of scene.
C)To spend all his winnings.
D)To get away from the crew.
2.What attracted the writer to the shop?
A)The lack of a sign or name.
B)The fact that it was nearby.
C)The empty window display.
D)The light coming from inside.
3.The writer found the stock in the front of the shop__________.
A)of top quality
B)of good value
C)difficult to get at
D)badly displayed
4.What was unusual about the way the woman looked at him?
A)It made him feel self-conscious.
B)She was happy to stare at him.
C)She seemed to know him well.
D)It made him want to look away.
5.The writer disliked the back room because__________.
A)there was hardly anything in it
B)she had ordered him to go there
C)he saw nothing he really liked
D)it was too dark to look around
答案与题解：
1. B 本题的问题是：为什么作者想要离开宾馆？由本文第一段第一句可以得出答案。在宾馆是十分无聊的，最后一句也写出作者不顾天气不好而想要出去走走，A，C选项错误，D选项未提及。
2. D 本题的问题是：是什么吸引作者到那个商店？由第二段中间“there was an appealing glow inside.”可以得出答案。A，C选项不切题。D选项未提及。
3. A 本题的问题是：作者发现在小店前面存放的物品是怎样的？从第三段对于物品的详细描述可以得出答案。“On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition.”
4. C 本题的问题是：那个女人看他的方式有什么不同？由第四段最后一句“I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.”有一种似曾相识的感觉。
5.C 本体的问题是：作者不喜欢后屋的原因？从文中的第六段和第七段可以得出结论，他认为没有什么他真正喜欢的东西。“It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.”“I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation.”
+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way
When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools. There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria —or her mother. By this time，she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.
Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school，something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time，there were two types of high schools: the "classical" schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.
Maria，however，wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting2.Most people —including Maria's father —believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects.
Furthermore，they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.
Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school，she had to win her father' sapproval. She finally did，with her mother's help，though for many years after，there was tension in the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans，while her mother helped her.
In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti" in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects，the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding，discipline in the classroom was strict，and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.
词汇:
discipline /'disiplin/ n. 纪律，学科，训练，惩罚punishment / 'p?ni?m?nt/ n. 惩罚，严厉对待，虐待
注释:
1. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history. 在传统学校中，学生们都依照一种非常传统的教学方式学习，包含拉丁语、希腊语与文学课，还有意大利文学与历史。
2. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting. 技术学校比传统学校要现代得多，他们提供的课程有现代语言、数学、自然科学，以及会计学。
练习:
1.Maria wanted to attend________.
A）private “finishing” school
B）s chool with Latin and Greek
C）t echnical high school
D）school for art and music
2.In those days, most Italian girls________.
A)went to classical schools
B)went to “finishing” schools
C)did not go to high school
D)went to technical schools
3.You can infer from this passage that________.
A)girls usually attended private primary schools
B)only boys usually attended technical schools
C)girls did not like going to school
D)only girls attended classical schools
4.Maria?s father probably________.
A)had very modern views about women
B)had very traditional views about women
C)had no opinion about women
D)thought women could not learn Latin
5.High school teachers in Italy In those days were________.
A)very modern
B)very intelligent
C)quite scientific
D)quite strict
答案与题解：
1. C 本题的问题是：Maria想去个怎样的学校？由文中第三段可明确得出结论。“Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school .” A, B, D项均有明显错误。
2. C 本题的问题是：在当时的意大利大多数女孩的选择是什么？由文中的第一段可知“Most girls from middle–class families chose to stay home after primary school ,”所以本题的正确答案为C。
3. B 本题为推理题，问题是：从全文可以得出什么样的结论？A选项未提及。C选项错误，原文只说大多数女孩子都选择呆在家里，并未说她们都不喜欢读书。D选项错误，原文只说就算是上学的话大多数女孩子都选择传统学校，而并非只有女孩子可以去。所以正确答案为B。
4. B 本题问的是：Maria的父亲对女性的态度是什么？由文中第三段倒数第二句“Most people—including Maria’s father —believed in the girls would never be able to understand these subjects.”可以得出答案，父亲和大多数人一样都持传统观念。
5. D 本题的问题是：当时的意大利高中教师是怎样的？从文中最后一段可以得出结论“Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient,”故正确答案为D。
+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa
Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way: Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.
Eric Wainaina is one of these African musicians. He grew up in Nairobi, Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from the United States, and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric's most popular song, "Land of …A Little Something?” is about Kenya's problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors. He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live.
Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women1.
Baaba Maal, from Senegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says that in Senegal, storytellers have always been important people. In the past, they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one' s family, and saving the environment2.
One of South Africa's most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. But she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito.
In recent years, people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musicians. Through music, the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and, at the same time, influencing the rest of the world.
词汇：
reggae /'regei/ n. 瑞格舞（西印度群岛的舞曲）bribery /'braib?ri/ n. 行贿，贿赂
apartheid / ? 'P a:theit / n. 种族隔离
注释：
1. Her songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for women. 她用嘻哈和说唱的风格写歌，歌曲的内容是坦桑尼亚的各种问题，特别是艾滋和女性权利的缺失。
2. They speak of peace and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one's family, and saving the environment. 他倡导在非洲要和平与协作，同时也包括妇女权利、热爱家庭和保护环境。
练习：
1. This passage is about how African pop music is_______.
A) usually about love and romance
B) more serious than most pop music
C) popular with young people in Africa
D) mostly written just for entertainment
2. For people outside of Africa, African pop music is _______.
A) the same as other pop music
B) not usually very interesting
C) entirely strange to them
D) both familiar and different
3. The musicians mentioned in this passage all_______.
A) write about serious problems
B) studied in the United States
C) lost their homes at a young age
D) write songs in a new pop style
4. Eric Wainaina_______.
A) prefers to sing in English
B) listened to traditional music
C) studied music in Boston
D) performs only in the United States
5. Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problem of women partly because_______.
A) she was had a difficult life herself
B) there are many problems in Tanzania
C) she has had an easy life herself
D) there are no other women singers
答案与题解：
1. B 本题的问题是：非洲流行音乐的不同之处是什么？由第一段倒数第一句可以得出答案。“It is different also in another way : Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today.” A,D项错误，C项未提及。
2.D 本题的问题是：对于非洲以外的人来说，非洲流行音乐给他们的感觉是什么？从第一段可以得出答案。“The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world , but at the same time is distinctly Afican.”故正确选项为D。
3. A 本题的问题是：全文所提到的音乐家的共同的特点是什么？总览全文可以得出结论。全文通篇在讲有关社会和政治等严肃主题的音乐，故正确答案为A。B,C,D都有明显的错误。
4. C 本题的问题是：Eric Wainaina的成长细节。由第二段可以得出答案。“…and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music.”其余选项均有错误。
5. A 本题的问题是：Witness Mwaijaga 写有关女人的问题的原因是什么？答案在第三段第二句“Her own experiences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women.”明显可见是她有切身经历。所以正确答案为A。
+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?
In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia , the population is growing fast . The reason for this is simple : Women in these countries have a high birth rate — from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman . The majority of these women are poor , without the food or resources to care for their families ? The answer may be that they often have no choice . There are several reasons for this .
One reason is economic . In a traditional agricultural economy , large families are helpful .
Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age1. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children , do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the case in Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, the world's lowest.
However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. Saudi Arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has a very high birth rate(7.0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth.
Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women.2This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.
Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.
These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success.
词汇：
industrialization / in?d?stri?lai?zei??n/ n. 工业
possibility /p?s?'bil?ti/ n. 可能性，可能发生的事物
effective /i'fektiv/ adj. 有效的，起作用的，实际的
注释：
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. 传统的农业经济中，家庭成员数目多是十分有利的。孩子多意味着田里的劳动力多且有人给父母养老。
2. A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. 高的生育率往往与妇女缺乏教育与社会地位低下相关。
3. These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. 这些趋势表明有效的控制人口的方案并不依赖于良好的经济状况。
练习：
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, a large family_______.
A. can be an advantage
B. may limit income
C. isn?t necessary
D. is expensive
2. When countries become industrialized, _______.
A. families often become larger
B. the birth rate generally goes down
C. women usually decide not have a family
D. the population generally grows rapidly
3. According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an _______.
A. agricultural country with a high birth rate
B. agricultural country with a low birth rate
C. industrialized country with a low birth rate
D. industrialized country with a high birth rate
4. Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that _______.
A. the most important factor influencing birth rate is the economy
B. factors other than the economy influence birth rate
C. women who have a high income usually have few children
D. the birth rate depends on per capita income
5. In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government _______.
A. is not concerned about the status of women
B. has tried to industrialize the country rapidly
C. does not allow women to work outside the home
D. has tried to improve the condition of women
答案与题解：
1. A 本题的问题是：在传统的农业经济中，大的家庭的影响是什么？从文中第二段第二句和第三句话可以得出明确的答案。“In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.”所以答案为A，是优势。
2. B 本题的问题是：当国家工业化后，人口和出生率的状况是什么？从第二段意大利的例子可以明确得出答案。“In the early part of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. After World War Ⅱ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized.”由此可见出生率降低。
3. C 本题的问题是：本文举出意大利的例子要说明什么？从第二段意大利的前后对比的情况可以看出正确答案为C。
4. B 本题的问题是：文中提到沙特阿拉伯的例子说明了什么？由第三段开头可知“However, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate.”下面将要介绍其他的因素，之后以沙特阿拉伯为例。故正确答案为B。经济以外影响出生率的因素。
5. D本题的问题是：墨西哥、泰国、印度尼西亚的政府采取了怎样的措施？从文中第四段后半部分“On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.”可以得出结论。另一方面从第四段开头也可以得出结论。“The most important of these is the condition of women.”之后举出这几个国家的例子，从而也可以得出结论。
+第四十七篇Narrow Escape
We had left the hut too late that morning. When we stepped outside, the sky beyond the mountains to our east was already livid with colour.1 It meant the day would be a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice.
As soon as we stepped out on to the face, it became obvious this was going to be an awkward route. The main problem was talus, the debris that collects on mountainsides. Talus is despised by mountaineers for two reasons. First, because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. And second, because it makes every step you take insecure.
For about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. The rock was in poor condition, shattered horizontally and mazed with cracks. When I tried to haul myself up on a block of it, it would pull out towards me, like a drawer opening. My hands became progressively wetter and colder2. Then came a shout. "Cailloux! Cailloux!" I heard yelled from above, in a female voice. The words echoed down towards us. I looked up to see where they had come from.
There were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each other in mid-air. And then the air above suddenly seemed alive with falling rocks, humming through the air and filling it with noise. Crack, went each one as it leapt off the rock face, then hum-hum-hum as it moved through the air, then crack again. The pause between the cracks lengthened each time, as the rocks gained momentum and jumped further and further. I continued to gaze up at the rocks as they fell and skipped towards me. A boy who had been a few years above me at school had taught me never to look up during a rock fall. "Why? Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet," he told us. "Face in, always face in."
I heard Toby, my partner on the mountain that day, shouting at me. I looked across. He was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. I could not understand him. Then I felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped a heavy hand on my shoulder and turned me to face them. A rock had hit the lid of my rucksack.
I looked up again. A rock was heading down straight towards me. Instinctively, I leant backwards and arched my back out from the rock to try to protect my chest. What about my fingers, though, I thought: they'll be crushed flat if it hits them, and I'll never get down. Then I heard a crack directly in front of me, and a tug at my trousers, and a yell from Toby."Are you all right? That went straight through you."The rock had pitched in front of me, and passed through the hoop of my body, between my legs, missing me but snatching at my clothing as it went.
Toby and I had spent the evening talking through the events of the morning: what if the big final stone hadn't leapt sideways, what if I'd been knocked off, would you have held me, would I have pulled you off? A more experienced mountaineer would probably have thought nothing of it. I knew I would not forget it.
词汇：
livid ['livid] adj. 铅色的；青灰色的；非常生气的
awkward ['?:kw?d] adj. 笨拙的；尴尬的；棘手的；
grip/ɡrip / n. 紧握；支配vt. 紧握；夹紧
注释：
1. When we stepped outside, the sky beyond the mountains to our east was already livid with colour. 我们走到外面，东面笼罩在山上的天空是青灰色的。
2. For about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. The rock was in poor condition, shattered horizontally and mazed with cracks. When I tried to haul myself up on a block of it, it would pull out towards me, like a drawer opening. My hands became progressively wetter and colder. 我们平稳前进了30分钟。岩石的状况很不好。当我们试图把自己拉上去，它就会滑向我们，像一个打开的抽屉。我的手巨剑出汗变得冰冷。
3. Then I felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped a heavy hand on my shoulder and turned me to face them. A rock had hit the lid of my rucksack
然后我感到了一阵重击，紧紧向后拉扯，像是有人使劲儿地用手夹住我的肩膀然后把我转向面对他的方向。一块石头砸在了我背包的盖子上。
练习：
1. Why was it “too late” by the time they left the hut in the morning?
A) It would be uncomfortable climbing in hot weather.
B) The livid colour of the sky would hurt their eyes.
C) Rocks loosened by melting ice could be dangerous.
D) They wouldn't be able to walk on the melting ice.
2. The first reason given to explain why mountaineers hate talus is_______.
A) that climbers above you might cause it to fall on you
B) that it allows people climbing above you to push off
C) that it makes people climbing above you feel insecure
D) that it can cause other people to push you off the mountain
3. What is likely to be the meaning of "Cailloux"?
A) Rocks are flying through the air.
B) Rocks are falling.
C) There are loose rocks on the ground ahead.
D) There are rocks everywhere.
4. What is sarcastic in the words of the boy in paragraph four?
A) He didn't keep his ''face in".
B) Not every climber wears a helmet.
C) It is very difficult not to look up during a rockfall.
D) Being hit by a rock isn't "pleasant" at all.
5. In what sense was Toby "safe"?
A) The overhanging rock would protect him from falling rocks.
B) He felt a hand on his shoulder.
C) His rucksack was protected.
D) He had hidden under a canopy.
答案与题解：
1. C 本题的问题是：为什么说他们离开小屋的时间晚了？由第一段可以知道答案“It meant the day would be
a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice. ”可知岩石的状况已经不是很好了，故此题的正确答案为C。
2. A 本题的问题是：登山者讨厌斜坡的第一个原因是什么？由原文第二段可以直接得出答案。“First, because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. ”
3. B 本题的问题是：“Cailloux”这个词的意思是什么？由第三段后半部分与第四段开头可知这个单词是石头滑落的意思。“it would pull towards me, like a drawer opening”“There were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each other in mid-air.”
4. D 本题的问题是：在第四段男孩话语中讽刺的是什么？由第四段“‘Why? Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet，’he told us. ‘Face in, always face in.’”可知正确答案为D。
5. A 本题的问题是：Toby安全的标志是什么？由文中第五段“I looked across, he was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. "可以得出答案。
完形填空
+第十一篇School Lunch
Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) __ in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to (2) __meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) __ to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.
One shocking (4) __ of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) __ for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) __ of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes (7) __by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) _ twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime. The research will provide a better (9) __ of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has (10) __in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot(11) __ parents, but it can remind them of the (12) __value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can (13) __their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating (14) __ at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) __it.
词汇：
Canteen / k?n'ti:n / n.食堂，小卖部starchy / 'stɑ:t?i / adj. (食物)含有大量淀粉的
注释：
1. ... twice as much sugar as ... ：……2倍的糖分……
2. it can remind them of the ... ：提醒他们关于……
练习：
1. A) appropriately B) properly C) probably D) possibly
2. A) give B) provide C) make D) do
3. A) prefer B) manage C) want D) choose
4. A) finding B) number C) figure D) factor
5. A) standards B) procedures C) conditions D) Ways
6. A) piece B) portion C) bowl D) kilo
7. A) examined B) found C) taken D) investigated
8. A) take B) contain C) consume D) consist
9. A) view B) knowledge C) understanding D) opinion
10. A) increased B) expanded C) extended D) added
11. A) criticise B) instruct C) order D) tell
12. A) nutritional B) healthy C) positive D) good
13. A) damage B) predict C) destroy D) affect
14. A) behaviours B) styles C) attitudes D) habits
15. A) prevent B) define C) decide D) delay
答案与题解：
1. B 本句意为“在英国超过一半以上的儿童将午餐带到学校去吃而不是在中午饭点正常吃”此处需要有“正当地，得体地”意思的副词。A 选项意为appropriately“适当地；相称地” C选项probably 意为"大概，或许;可能"。D 选项possibly 意为"可能地;也许;大概"。所以应该在A和B之间选择，A项倾向"得体"。故选B。
2. B 根据四个选项的意思，可以看出这句有"提供"的意思，所以答案为B。
3. D本句意为"孩子们可以选择带餐过去或者在食堂就餐"。选项A 为prefer"更喜欢"。选项B 为manage"管理;经营"。选项C 为want"需要"。而D 中choose 意为"选择"。故选D。
4. A本句意为"一项令人震惊的发现显示……" B 选项number 为"号码;数字"0 c 选项figure 为"数字;人物"。D 选项factor 为"因素;要素"。只有A 选项finding 为"发现"，符合句意。故选A。
5. A 本句意为"学校午餐有着严格的准备标准" B 选项procedure 为"进程";C 选项condition 为"条件";D 选项way 为"方式，方法";只有A 选项standard 为"标准"。故选A。
6. B 考查量词。A ，C，D 把量具体化了，然而本题中并没有明确指出每天应该摄人多少水果，所以只是"比例"的意思，故选' B。
7. A 本句意为"然而被检查的学生自带的饭盒中含有甜饮料、薯条和巧克力棒。"D选项investigated 意为"研究；调查";A 选项examine 更符合句意。故选择A。
8. C 本句意为"学生摄取的糖分是他们应当在午餐中摄取的2倍。"其中A 选项take 意为"拿，获得"。B
选项contain 意为"包含;控制"。D 选项consist 意为"组成;在于;符合"。只有C 选项consume 有摄取之意，符合句意。故选'C。
9. C本句的意思为"这份调查研究对为什么在过去的十年中英国学生的超重人数上升提供了一个更好的解释。"A 选项view 意为"观察;意见"。 B 选项knowledge 意为"知识;学问" c 选项understanding 意为"谅解;理解"，符合句意。D 选项opinion 意为"意见，主张"。故选C 。
10. A 本句意为"这份调查研究对为什么在过去的十年中英国学生的超重人数上升提供了一个更好的解释。"选项B 为"扩大(面积，体积的扩大)";选项C 为"扩张(延展.性)";选项D为"增加，加上"的意思;A 选项increased 意为"增长的"，符合句意。故选A。
11. A 此处的句意为"政府不能批评家长"0 B 选项instruct 意为"指导;通知;命令"。C 选项order 意为"命令;整理" 0 D 选项tell 意为"告诉，辨别";而A 选项criticise
意为"批评"，与句意相符。故选A。
12. A 此处句意为"……但却可以提醒他们牛奶，7j(果、蔬?菜的营养价值。"B 选项healthy 为"健康的，健全的";C 选项positive 为"积极的";D 选项good 意为"好的，优良的"。从句子的意思上看这里有"营养的"意思;而A选项nutritional 意为"营养的，滋润的"，
与句意相符。故选A。
13. D 此句意为"孩子们饮食上小小的改变可能会影响他们未来的健康。"A 选项damage 意为"损害，毁坏";'B 选项predict 意为"预测";C 选项destroy 意为"破坏，消灭，毁坏";只有D 选项affect 意为"影响"，与句意相符。故选D。
14. D develop habits 为固定搭配“养成习惯”的意思，故选b。
15. A 此句意为"……家长却是唯一能够阻止这件事发生的人。"B 选项define 意为"定义，使明确";C 选项decide 意为"决定";D 选项delay 为"延期，耽搁";只A 选项prevent 意为"预防，防止"，与句意相符。故选A。
+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence
There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly (1) ______ doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (2) ________ to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be (3) ________ to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time (4) ________ their computers?
Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, (5) ________in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should (6) ______ of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (7) ______ that it won?t interfere with homework. If the child is not (8) ______to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic (9) ______ dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from (10) ______ any other soft of bargain about behaviour.
Any parent who is (11) ______ alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to (12)______ the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not (13) ______ affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is (14) ______ crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just (15) ______through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!
词汇：
drastic / 'dr?stik / adj.严厉的，极端的phase / felz / n. 阶段，时期arrangement / ?'reind?m?nt / n. 安排
注释：
1. ... make a huge difference ... :……造成巨大改变…
2. ... children are bent over their computers for hours ... : bend ove r: ……埋头苦干，孩子们在电脑上花费了数小时......
练习：
1. A) always B) rarely C) never D) ever
2. A) worried B) concerned C) curious D) hopeful
3. A) harming B) harmful C) hurting D) hurtful
4. A) staring at B) glancing at C) looking D) watching
5. A) supposed B) occupied C) interested D) absorbed
6. A) do B) have C) make D) create
7. A) word B) promise C) vow D) claim
8. A) holding B) sticking C) following D) accepting
9. A) rules B) procedures C) regulation D) steps
10. A) dealing B) negotiating C) having D) arranging
11. A) widely B) heavily C) seriously D) broadly
12. A) speak B) discuss C) talk D) debate
13. A) possibly B) necessarily C) probably D) consequently
14. A) absolutely B) more C) quite D) a lot
15. A) going B) passing C) travelling D) walking
答案与题解：
1. D 此句句意为"在他们的课余时间几乎不做其他的事情"，其中hardly ever 为固定搭配意为"几乎不"等同于never。
2. C 考查固定搭配。其中A 选项be worried about 8th. 意为"对……表示忧虑";B 选项be concerned about 意为"对……感到担心";D 选项hopeful 意为"有希望的"，与句意不符;而C选项be curious to sth. 意为"对……表示好奇"，与句意一致。故选C。
3. B harmful 泛指伤害，而hurt 强调情感、精神的伤害，根据题意应选民
4. A四个选项都表示看的意思，stare at 表示"盯着看" ，glance at 表示"瞟一眼" ，100k 泛指看，watch 有观察之意。本句句意为"孩子们花了大量的时间盯着电脑看"，故选A。
5. D 考查固定搭配。此句句意为"如果孩子在电脑主花费了太长时间，如沉迷网络游戏
不是做功课。"A 选项suppose to ..意为"猜想” B 选项occupy on sth. 表示"专注于某事"，C 选项interest in 意为"对……感兴趣"，而D 选项be absorb in sth. 表示"沉浸在……"，与句意相符。故选D
6. C. 考查固定搭配make use of sth. 表示"利用"。
7. A 考查固定搭配。此句意为"……并且孩子应该保证这不会干预他的功课。"，A 选项word 意为"诺言";B 选项promise 意为"许诺，允许尸;C 选项vow 意为"发誓" ;' D 选项claim 意为仔声称;断言"，并且give word to = promise 表示"许诺"，符合句意。故选A。
8. A 此句句意为"如果孩子没坚守这个安排……"从句子的意思上'看这里有"坚持"的意思，所以应该在A 和 B 之间选择，hold to表示"坚持”，stick to 表示“坚持（信念，理想）“ 选择 A 。
9. D 固定搭配take step to do sth. 意为"采取措施做某事"。
10. B 此句句意为"……这样与协商任何关于这样的行为的讨价还价无异。"A 选项dealing 意为"处理";D 选项arranging 意为"安排，排列";只有B 选项negotiate 意为谈判，协商"，与句意相符。故选B。11. C 从句子的意思上看这里有"严重"之意，只有C 表示此意。widely表示"广泛地"，
heavily 表示"沉重地" ，broadly 表示"广泛地"。
12. B 从句子的意思上看这里有"讨论"之意!，discuss sth. with sb. 表示"刷某人讨论某事"debate sth. with sb 表示"和某人辩论某事"。
13. B 从句子的意思上看这里有"必要"之意，consequently 表示"结果是"。
14. A absolutely 表示"完全地"，根据句意，这里没有比较的意思，所以排除B ，quite 表示"相当"，根据上下文选择A。
15. A 考查固定搭配。此句的句意为"…他也许仅仅是在度过个时期，几个月以后还会有其他事情去担心。"B 选项passing 与though 搭配意为"穿越"C 选项traveling 与though
搭配意为"经过";D 选项walking 与though 搭配意为"走过，草率地处理";而A 选项go through 意为"度
过"，与句意相符。故选A 。
+第十三篇The Old Gate
In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive (1) __but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious (2) __. The Old City of London gates were all (3) __by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a (4) __ of luck, it was never destroyed.
This gate is, in (5) __fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the (6) __between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in (7) __ because its design was (8) __ it was expensive to (9) __ and it was blocking the traffic.
The Temple Bar Trust was (10) __ in the 1970's with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the (11) __ of the nation's architectural heritage.
Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it (12) __, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be (13)__, though there is a good (14) __ that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest (15) __ of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.
词汇：
contagious / k?n'teid??s / adj. 传染性的，会蔓延的demolish / di'm?li?/ vt.拆除，破坏
stroke / str?uk / n. 打击preservation / ,prez?'vei??n / n. 保存，保留
boundary / 'baund?ri / n. 范围，分界线cathedral / k?'θi:dr?l / n. 保留，保存
注释:
1. mark the boundary between ... and... : ……在……和……两者之间划定界限
2. there is a good chance that... : 很有可能发生某事，有……的机会
练习:
1. A) grounds B) reasons C) causes D) purposes
2. A) injuries B) symptoms C) colds D) diseases
3. A) devoted B) demolished C) declared D) decreased
4. A) stroke B) wave C) hit D) blow
5. A) real B) contemporary C) actual
6. A) borders B) part C) boundary D) current
7. A) storage B) store C) storing D) line
8. A) unrealistic B) unfashionable C) unavailable D) stock
9. A) maintain B) afford C) repair D) unbearable
10. A) set out B} set up C) set off D) fix
11. A) preservation B) reservation C) conservation D) set back
12. A) up B) over C) on D) down
13. A) replaced B) substituted C) exchanged D) overtaken
14. A) capacity B) opportunity C) possibility D) chance
15 A) requirement B) job C) necessity D) obligation
答案与题解:
1. B A 选项grounds 意为"理由，基础" ;C 选项causes 意为"原因" ; D 选项purposes 意为"目的;意志"。根据句意"城墙一方面是为了防御外敌……" for 为介词，表目的。for defensive reasons，为了防御的原因。故选B。
2. D 考查固定搭配。A 选项injuries 意为"伤害，受伤";B 选项symptoms 意为"症状";C 选项colds 意为"感冒";D 选项contagious diseases 意为"传染病"。根据句意应选D。
3. B 此句句意为"伦敦古城的城门，均在18 世纪末被拆毁。"A 选项devoted 意为"献身于……";B 选项，demolished 意为"拆毁，破坏"，与句意相符;C 选项declared 意为"公然的,公开宣布的";D 选项decreased 意为"减少"。故选民
4. A 考查固定搭配a stroke of luck。
5. C 考查固定搭配in actual fact,为固定搭配，意思是"事实上"。等于actually或as a matter of fact 。
6. C 此句句意为"它的名字叫圣殿酒吧区，是伦敦古城与威斯敏斯特的分界线。"A 选项borders 意为"边界，边缘地区";B 选项part 意为"部分"D 选项line 意为"路线，排";而C 选项boundary 意为"两地的分界线"，与句意相符。故选C。
7. A 此句句意为"1878 年，伦敦议会将其推倒，给石头编了号，并将它们储藏。" A 选项storage 意为"存储，仓库"，符'合句意;B 选项store 意为"商店，储各";C 选项storing 意为"储存，保管";D 选项stock 意为"股份，股票" in storage 为固定搭配。故选A。
8. B 此句句意为"城门的设计老套，维修费用昂贵，而且堵塞交通。"A 选项unrealistic 意为"不切实际的"C 选项unavailable 意为"难以获得的"D 选项unbearable 意为"难以忍受的"，均与句意不符;B 选项unfashionable 意为"不时髦的，老套的"。故选B。
9. A 此句意为"……维修费用昂贵，并且堵塞交通。"afford 意为"支付得起";repair 意为"修";fix 意为"修理，安装" 。(对建筑物的)维修保持意为maintain。故选A
10. B 此句句意为"在..20 世纪70 年代，最初为了恢复城门，建立了圣殿酒吧区信托基金，目的是保存国家的建筑遗产。" set 叩意为"建立，开业"; set out 意为"动身，陈列";set off 意为"启程，使爆炸";set back 意为"推迟，使受挫"。故选B。
11. A 此句句意为"目的是保存国家的建筑遗产。" A 选项preservation 意为"(古物，建筑)的保存"，与句意相符;B 选项reservation 意为"预约，保留";C 选项conservation ，多用于"(环境的)保存，保护";D 选项recreation 意为"娱乐，消遣"。故选A。
12. D 考查介词搭配。pull up 意为"拔起，阻止" ;pull over 意为"靠岸，开到路边";pull on 意为"穿，继续拉"，只有D 选项pull down 意思是"摧毁，推倒"，与句意相符。
13. A 根据上下文，可以排除C 与D A 与B 均有替代的意思，通常，replace...with ... "替换，更换(以旧更新)"，substitute ...for ...替代"之意，不与原物进行比较。
14. D there is a good chance that 意思是"很有可能发生某事，有……的机会"。
15. B 此句句意为"最艰难的工作"the hardest job of all 为常用说法。A 选项requirement 意为"要求，必要条件" C 选项necessity 意为"需要写必需品";D 选顶obligation 意为"义务"。故选B。
+第十四篇Family History
In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being (1) __
to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by ìinvestigating their own family history. They can try to (2) __ out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fast—growing hobby, especially in countries with a (3) __short history, like Australia and the United States.
It is (4) __ thing to spend some time (5) __through a book on family history and to take the (6) __ to investigate your own family's past. It is (7) __ another to carry out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and (8)__ yourself many problems which could have been (9) __ with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you that you are (10)__ with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take over your research. Just (11) __it as an
interesting possibility. A simple system (12) __ collecting and storing your information will
be adequate to start with; a more complex one may only get in your (13) __. The most
important thing, though, is to (14) __started. Who knows what you (15) __ find ?
词汇:
attract / ?'tr?kt/ v. 吸引，有吸引力investigate / in'vestiɡeit / v. 调查，研究
disorganize / dis'?:ɡ?naiz / v. 扰乱，瓦解criminal /'krimin?la/ adj. 形式的，犯罪的
adequate /'?dikwit / adj. 充足的，适当的complex / 'kDmpleks / adj. 错综复杂的
注释:
1. It is one thing ... , it is another thing ... : 一方面……，另一方面……
2. One way+从句is by doing ... :做某事的方法之一是通过……
练习:
1. A) pushed B) attracted C) fetched D) ，brought
2. A) lay B) make C) put D) find
3. A) fairly B) greatly C) mostly D) widely
4. A) a B) one C) no D) some
5. A) seeing B) moving C) going D) even
6. A) idea B) plan C) purpose D) decision
7. A) quite B) just C) more D) living
8. A) produce B) cause C) build D) create
9. A) missed B) lost C) avoided D) escaped
10. A) connected B) joined C) attached D) related
11. A) treat B) control C) contact D) direct
12. A) with B) by C) for D) through
13. A) track B) path C) road D) way
14. A) get B) appear C) be D) feel
15. A) should B) might C) ought D) must
答案与题解:
1. B 根据上下文，句意为人们被追溯往事所吸引。A 选项push 与介词to 搭配意为"推向";C选项fetch 做不及物动词为"取得，拿到";D 选项brought 与介词to 搭配意为"恢复知觉";而选项B attracted 与介词to 搭配意为"被……吸引"，故选B。
2. D 根据句意"人们试图查明更多的历史"，此处动词应有"查找，查明"之意。A 选项lay out 意为"布置，设计" ，B 选项make out 意为"理解，辨认出";C 选项put out 意为"熄灭，出版"，均与句意不符;D 选项find oùt 有"找出，查明"之意。故选D。
3. A 本题考查副词。其中B 选项greatly 意为"很，大大地";C 选项mostly 意为"主要地，通常";D 选项widely 意为"广泛地"。本句句意为"……特别是那些有相当短历史的国家……"根据句意只有 A 选项fairly 有"相当"的意思，符合句意，故选A。
4. B 考查固定搭配。It is one thing ... ，it is quite another thing ... "一方面……，另一方面……"，故选B
5. C 考查介词搭配。A 选项目e 与through 搭配意为"看穿，识破";B 选项move 与介词through 搭配意为"穿过";D 选项live 与through 搭配意为"度过，经受住"。根据句意"…… 花费时间去仔细查阅一本书……"只有C 选项go through" 经受，仔细检查"符合句意，故选C 。
6. D 句意为"并促使你决心去探究家族的过去" A 选项为"主意，概念";B 选项plan 为"计划";只有选项D 有"下决心"之意。take the decision to do 是短语，下定决心做某事。故选D。
7. A 本题考查固定搭配。It is one thing ... , it is quite another thing ... "一方面……，另一方面……"。故选A。
8. B 句意为"但如果开始有一点点计划，就能避免引起那么多麻烦。"此处应选择与problem相搭配有"引起"之意的动词。A 选项produce 为"制造";C 选项build 意为"建筑";D 选项create 意为"创造，创作";选项B cause 意为"引起，使发生，导致，招致"，经常与troubles，
Problems, disasters 搭配使用。故选择B。
9. C 句意为"但如果开始有一点点计划，就能避免引起那么多麻烦"，此处应填有避免之意的动词。A 选项miss 为"漏掉，错过";B 选项lost 为"遗失，失败";D 选项escape 意为"逃脱，避开";而C 选项avoid
意为"避免，避开，躲避"，与句意相符。故选C。
10. A 句意为"如果你家族的故事写着你与某个名人有着一定的关系"而选项B join with 意为"加人";选项 C attach (to) 为"依附，加入";选项D be related to = be connected with, "与……有关系";只有选项
A connect 可与with 搭配，意为"与……有关系"。故选A。
11. A 此句意为"把它当成一个有趣的可能事件再好不过。"B 选项control 为"控制，管理";C 选项contact 为"使接触";D 选项direct 为"管理，指挥，导演";而选项B 的treat 可与介词as 搭配，意为"把......当做......" ，与句意相符。
12. C 考查介词。此句句意为"用一个简单的系统来收集和存储信息"，A 选项with"随着，支持，和…在一起";B 选项by 意为"通过，依据，经由";ρD 选项through 意为"通过，穿过，凭借
13. D 此句意为"……越复杂的方式可能只会扰乱你的方寸"，A 选项track 意为"轨道，总计，小道";B 选项pa曲意为"道路";C 选项road 意为"公路，马路";而 D 选项way 意为"方法，方向"，而get in your way 是固定搭配，意思是"阻挡，羁绊你的道路"。故选D。
14. A get started ，固定搭配，意为"开始，被启动"。故选A。
15. B 考查情态动词的用法。此句句意为“但谁知道你会发现什么呢?”C 选项有应当之意，而D 选在must 引导一般疑问句表示"必须做某事" ，与句意不符。因此句是对未来的可能性的一种反问，所以B 选项might 符合句意。故选B。
+第十五篇Helen and Martin
With a thoughtful sigh, Helen turned away from the window and wa1ked back to her favourite armchair. (1) __her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much.
Over the years Helen had given (2) __waiting for Martin to take an interest in her.
Her feelings for him had gradually (3) __until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than a sister's. (4)__to see what had (5) __of her brother.
Almost without (6) __, Martin had lost, his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadn't (7) __ to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her (8) __ in her own judgment growing. (9) __the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway (l0) __ her course and now, to the astonishment of the whole family, she was (11) __a fast-growing reputation in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live (12) __ from her paintings.
Of course, she (13) __no pleasure in Martin's sudden misfortune, but she couldn't (14) __ looking forward to her brother's arrival with (15)__ satisfaction at what she had achieved.
词汇:
Armchair /,ɑ:m't?ε?, 'ɑ:m-/ n. 扶手椅reputation /,repju'tei??n / n.名声，名誉声望
curiosity /,kjuri'?siti/ n. 好奇心，好奇misfortune / mis'f?:t??n / n. 不幸；灾祸，灾难
confidence / 'k?nfid?ns / n. 信心；言任satisfaction /,s?tis'f?k??n / n. 满意，满足
astonishment / ?'st?ni?m?nt / n. 惊讶;令人惊讶的事物
注释:
1. take an interest in ... :对……产生兴趣
2. become of sb. / sth. ...:发生……情况;遭遇…
3. to the astonishment of ... :令……惊讶的是……
练习:
1. A) Could B) Should C) Would D) Ought
2. A) in B) up C) out D) away
3. A) depressedB) weakenedC) lowered D) fainted
4. A) wonder B) idea C) curiosity D) regard
5. A) become B) developed C) arisen D) changed
6. A) caution B) warning C) advice D) signal
7.A) minded B) concerned C) worried D) bothered
8. A) dependence B) confidence C) certainty D) courage
9. A) Ignoring B) Omitting C) Avoiding D) Preventing
10. A) along B) down C) through D) across
11. A) gaining B) reaching C) starting D) opening
12. A) for B) by C) with D) on
13. A) made B) took C) drew D) formed
14. A) help B) miss C) fail D) drop
15. A) soft B) fine C) quiet D) still
答案与题解:
1. C 考查情态动词。根据句意"哥哥将永远不再回来了吗?"有"应该""应"意思的B ，D 选项应该排除。只有would 有将要的意思，符合句意。故选C。
2. B 考查介词搭配。此句句意为"这些年来，海伦已经放弃了等待马丁对她产生兴趣" give in 意为"屈服，让步" give up 意为"放弃"，符合句意give out 意为“分发，公布"give away 意为"泄露，出卖"。故选B
3. B depress 偏重表达"数量的减少或价值的降低”weaken 一般来说偏重"情感"方面的减弱、变谈；lower 偏重在"数量或质量"上的减少或降低;faint 偏重于"视觉"的变淡、模糊。此句表达的是Helen 对他的感情的慢慢变淡，故选B
4. C 此句表达的是Helen 非常急切地想知道她的哥哥到底发生了什么事的一种"急切的好奇的"感觉，故四个选项中只有curiosity 最贴切，故选C。
5. A become of sb. /sth. ... .是短语，意为"发生某种情况;遭遇… "。故选A。
6. B 根据上下文可知，Martin 在没有任何征兆的情况下就失去了工作。caution 指"警察的口头警告" ，advice 意为"劝告、忠告" ，signal 意为"信号、暗号"，只有warning 有"征兆、前兆"之意。故选B。
7. D 此句句意为"在某种程度上他俩不会因为彼此的联系或不联系而烦扰"，其中A 选项mind 意为"介意"B 选项concern 意为"担心、担忧";C 选项worry意为"使担心、使焦虑"，只有D 选项bother 有"烦扰"之意。故选D。
8. B 此句表达的是Helen 对自己的判断的"信心"0 A 选项dependence 意为"依靠、依赖"C选项certainty 意为"确定性、无疑". D 选项courage 意为"勇气、胆量"B 选项confidence 可与介词in 搭配，意为"对……有信心"。故选B。
9. A ignore"不顾、不理、忽视" ，omit"省略、疏忽" ，avoid" 回避、避免" ，prevent" 防止、预防"。此句表达的是"不顾及、忽视父母的愿且"。故选A。
10. C 此句强调的是在学业过程中，故应用through 一词;across强调横穿，故选C。
11. A gain 意为"获得、博得" ，reach 意为"达到" ，start 意为"开始" ，open 意为"打开",此句表达获得声誉。故选A。
12. D 考查介词搭配。……而且她的画作足以维持生活。Live for 意为"盼望，为……而生活"live by 意为"以……为生"live with 意为"忍受，承认";而live on 意为"靠……生活"与句意相符。故选D。
13. B 短语take no pleasure in ... "不以……为乐/感到高兴"。故选B。
14. A 短语couldn't help doing sth. ... "情不自禁做某事"。故选A。
15. C soft 意为"柔软的"，自ne 意为"好的"，quiet 意为"暗中的、未表露的" ，still 意为"静止的、不动的"。此句表达Helen的那种未言语的欣慰之情，故选C。
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【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】 【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】 第八篇What Is a Dream For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions. Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. 1 The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by
2013年职称英语综合类B级真题及答案(基本完整版) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. Come out，or I’ll bust the door down. A shut B break C set D beat 2. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town. A naked B blind C cautious D private 3. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. A general B inflexible C complex D direct 4. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already. A right B unbelievable C obvious D unclear 5. These animals migrate south annually in search of food. A explore B inhabit C prefer D travel 6. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems. A send B hear C confirm D spread 7. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A found by chance B passed by C took a notice of D woke up 8. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post. A about B at C with D from 9. As a politician，he knows how to manipulate public opinion. A express B divide C influence D voice 10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. A taught B kept C changed D attracted 11. He paused，waiting for her to digest the information. A withhold B exchange C understand D contact 12. Make sure the table is securely anchored. A repaired B cleared C booked D fixed 13. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
阅读理解：第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Tumor C级 The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking ,said medical experts after a five-year research study . Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else .Following breast cancer ,it has the second-highest incidence rate. “An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer ,” said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,483 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchens. However , local women were adjacent to then cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer .come claimed they may change food preparation methods. “Unless my family and I don/t eat at home every day , I must stay in the kitchen to cook,” said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.” Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with He. “Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,” said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College. “It’s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.” He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used. The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said. 练习： 1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? D A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women. B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men. C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males. D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai? B A Heart disease. B Breast cancer. C Infectious diseases. D Lung cancer. 3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes? A
2015年职称英语 综合类C级考试真题及答案 目录 词汇选项 (2) 阅读判断 (6) 概括大意与完成句子 (10) 阅读理解 (15) 补全短文 (23) 完形填空 (28)
词汇选项 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有下划线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分） 1 (单项选择题) Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy. A.way B.factor C.objective D.source 2 (单项选择题) The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A.message B.guilt C.obligation D.punishment 3 (单项选择题) He said some harsh words about his brother. A.proper B.unkind
C.normal D.unclear 4 (单项选择题) I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to. A.partner B.drive C.guide D.help 5 (单项选择题) We need to identify the potential problems. A.possible B.main C.immediate https://www.doczj.com/doc/a83758462.html,mon 6 (单项选择题) When did you first encounter these difficulties? A.create B.present C.experience D.resolve
正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL) 职业培训教育网职业人的网上家园https://www.doczj.com/doc/a83758462.html, 职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第三部分讲义5 概括大意与完成句子 4.问句不是主题句，需参考问答来确定主题 例1：So who decides which names are used each year? The World Meteorological Organization uses six lists in rotation, so each list is reused every six years.（2006） A.Reason for naming hurricane B.Warming of an approaching hurricane C.Deadly women D.History of naming hurricanes https://www.doczj.com/doc/a83758462.html,anization responsible for naming hurricanes F.Ways to track hurricanes [答疑编号505916030701] 【答案】E 例2：That leads to another question.Why does anyone wear a tie? Ties serve no purpose.They do not cover any part of your body and keep you warm.They always seem to get covered in food stains.Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie.It lets everyone know what you just ate.（2007） A.Origin of the tie B.British ties https://www.doczj.com/doc/a83758462.html,elessness of the tie D.Old-fashioned ties E.Role of the tie F.Signs of a tieless era 老师手写内容： reason n. 原因 use n. 使用 purpose n. 目的，用途 useless adj. 无用的 useful adj. 有用的 uselessness n. 无用，无效 usefulness n. 有用，有效 no purpose 没有目的 [答疑编号505916030702] 【答案】C 例3：Is there a future for ties? The signs are not promising.Many political leaders, including British Prime Minister Tony Blair, now go without ties. A.Origin of the tie B.British ties https://www.doczj.com/doc/a83758462.html,elessness of the tie D.Old-fashioned ties E.Role of the tie
职称外语水平要求相关政策规定 根据浙人专[2007]80号（杭人专[2007]162号）、浙人专[2006]118号、浙人教[1997]146号、杭人专[2007]206号以及省人事厅关于职称外语等级考试有关问题的解答等精神，职称外语水平要求的相关政策规定如下： 一、申报专业技术资格应参加全国职称外语相应等级考 二、凡参加全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试的人员由省人事考试办公室发放成绩通知书。其中：对达到全国通用标准分数线的，在申报对应级别的专业技术资格时有效；对达到省定标准分数线的，在2年内申报对应级别的专业技术资格时有效。 三、经考试、考核认定取得全国专业技术资格和职业资格证书，受聘职务是否需要具备外语要求，由聘用单位确定。 四、申报中小学教师（含实验、教学管理）、艺术系列和文学创作、群众文化、社区卫生专业技术资格，职称外语不作要求。
五、申报会计、经济、统计、审计、新闻、出版、农业技术、技校实习指导教师、广播电视播音、律师、公证员、图书资料、档案、电影放映专业技术资格，以及长期在野外从事林业、水利、采矿、测绘、勘探、铁路施工、公路施工、建筑施工等专业技术工作，年龄在40周岁以上人员申报专业技术资格时，职称外语成绩不作为必备条件，作为专家评审的参考依据。 六、凡申报体育教练员中、高级专业技术资格的人员，可参加我省单位组织的体育教练员职称外语考试。考试成绩 七、申报评审我市评审权限内的工程技术、技校教师等中级专业技术资格，年龄在40周岁及以上人员，职称外语成绩不作为必备条件，作为专家评审的参考依据。我市实行以考代评和考评结合的人员报考、评审专业技术资格时，职称外语不作要求（杭人专[2007]162号）。 八、参加浙江省外语水平等级考试，并取得英语二级、日语三级以上合格证书的人员，3年内晋升专业技术职务可免于参加全国职称外语相应等级考试（浙人教[1997]146号），具体对应关系：
2016年全国职称英语考试必过技巧 1、试题概况及答题顺序 1.1、必杀技：见下表中“答题顺序”： 1.2、详解 1.2.1、词汇、阅读理解、完型填空所占分值最高（合计高达75分），放到前面来做，避免万一时间不够，可以确保先抓住大部分分数。 1.2.2、词汇、阅读理解、完型填空都是部分来自教材，放到前面来做，记忆比较深刻，答题成功率较高。 1.2.3、阅读判断放到最后，是因为本题根据经验蒙答案（具体方法后面详述）成功率可拿到全部7分中的3分，这样可以腾出时间给需要查词典即可稳拿分数的词汇题，所以阅读判断的答题时间只有1分钟。 2、词汇（1分/题*15=15分） 2.1、必杀技： 2.1.1、准备一本正式出版的英语同义词词典，推荐牛津出版社出版，外研社翻译出版的《牛津英语同义词词典》。 2.1.2、教材练习不用做，把答案勾画出来，只需记住其中题目划线部分或者答案是词组的，其余不用看。 2.1.3、考试时看到有教材中的词组题则直接答上，其余的查词典。 2.2、详解： 2.2.1、职称英语考试允许带一本正式出版的，并非针对职称英语考试而编写的词典。而本题考核内容就是同义词（词组），显然使用同义词典效率更高。 2.2.2、词组记忆相对容易而查词典找同义词组相对较困难，又因试题来自教
材练习4-9题，所以必须记住教材中的词组题。教材词汇练习一共100题，其中有词组的也就20个左右，记住绝对没有困难； 2.2.3、因职称英语词汇数量有限，直接查同义词词典，一般前三个义项就会有答案。 3、阅读理解（3分/题*15题=45分） 3.1、必杀技： 3.1.1、熟记教材文章练习题的正确答案，重点掌握去年教材上没有的新增文章，考试时先找教材上的文章，做出来。 3.1.2、其他文章，先作考试题目中有人名、地名、国家名、数字、年代等专有名词的题。 3.1.3、勾画出考试题目中的关键词（一般是名词，不必认识它也不必查词典），然后到文章中找一样的关键词定位。 3.1.4、定位关键词后，对比文章中关键词附近的词或词组，与答案选项中词或者词组重合的最多的即为正确答案。（就像玩拼图游戏，考察你的眼力！ˇ?ˇ） 3.1.5、如果你无法定位关键词，则： 3.1.5.1、如有选项为“以上X项皆是”，即为正确答案， 3.1.5.2、看四个答案选项中有无大部分相似的。如有，若意思完全相反的其中一个必是答案；若意思并非相反的则较长选项为答案，如没有大部分相似的，则最长的选项为答案。 3.1.6、如果考试题目是针对文章中的某个单词的意思，那么就相当于是一个词汇题，则同义词词典又派上用场了！ 3.1.7如果考试题目是问文章主旨（如作者的观点，替换文章标题等）的，则需要细读文章题目，每段第一句和文章最后一句，并大致搞清意思。然后选择意思最接近的一项答案。 3.2、详解： 3.2.1、考题共3篇文章，其中1篇（5个题占15分）来自教材。根据历年经验，教材新增文章作为考题的概率较大。所以熟记教材上所有文章（以教材新增文章为重点）的练习题答案，即可保证稳拿15分！注意：因为考试会把ABCD4个答案选项次序打乱，所以不要只记正确答案的ABCD编号，而要记住正确答案
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题及参考答案 职称英语考试历年真题汇总>>https://www.doczj.com/doc/a83758462.html,/zZnTL （复制链接，点击“打开链接”即可访问） 更多精品备考资料在职称英语考试交流群：151033695 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error. A. inflexible B. general C. complex D. direct 2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. A. turned dead B. passed by C. carried away D. become extinct 3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon. A. shorten B. end C. start D. resume 4. Three world-class tennis players came to content for this title. A. argue B. claim C. wish D. compete 5. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive. A. simple B. reliable C. effective D. alternative 6. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law. A. moral B. regular C. fundamental D. hard 7. The drinking water has became contaminated with lead. A. polluted B. treated C. tested D. corrupted 8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down. A. shut B. set C. break D. beat 9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding. A. wiped B. injected C. produced D. removed 10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem. A. existence B. importance C. cause D. situation 11. The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years. A. unknown B. unusual C. undamaged D. unstable
2014年职称英语（理工类）考试辅导课程讲义 目录 第一部分了解职称英语 (3) 一、概述 (3) 二、评价目标 (3) 三、考试内容与试卷结构 (5) 四、命题原则 (6) 五、答题及计分方法 (7) 第二部分答题技巧 (8) 一、词汇选项 (8) 二、阅读判断 (10) 三、概况大意与完成句子 (10) 四、阅读理解 (12) 五、补全短文 (13) 六、完形填空 (13) 第三部分 2013年新增文章 (15) 2013年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目（ABC类） (15) 阅读理解新增文章 (17) 第十一篇 (17) 第十九篇 (19) +第四十八篇 (22) 完形填空新增文章 (25) 第三篇 (25) 第八篇 (28) +第十三篇 (31) 第四部分 2013年真题 (36) 2013年职业英语（理工类）A级考试真题 (37)
2013年职业英语（理工类）B级考试真题 (55) 2013年职业英语（理工类）C级考试真题 (70)
第一部分 了解职称英语 一、概述 总述：全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。 专业类别 注：三类考试的共同点和不同点：每个级别的试卷内容，除综合类外，普通英语和专业英语题目各占50%。对于类别的区分意义不大，原则上考生报综合、理工、卫生的任何一类都是可以的，考生可结合自身情况及单位规定进行报考。在正式考试中，50%的题都是一样的。 等级 总分：100分 考试时间：120分钟 注：参加考试的考生允许带一本普通的英语字典进入考场。建议参加C 级和B 级考试的考生可以使用《牛津英汉双解词典（中级）》，参加A 级考试的考生适用《牛津英汉双解词典（高级）》，还可以同时考虑准备一本《牛津英语同义词词典》。 二、评价目标 总目标：
2016职称英语考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1、Have you talked to her?lately? https://www.doczj.com/doc/a83758462.html,stly B.finally C.shortly D.recently 2、 About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories. A.third B.fourth C.tenth D.fifteenth 3、 The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth. A.take out B.repair C.push in D.dig 4、 We shall keep the money in a?secure?place. A.clean
B.secret C.distant D.safe 5、 This table is strongand?durable. A.long-lasting B.extensive C.far reaching D.eternal 6、 He endured agonies before he finally?expired. A.fired B.resigned C.died D.retreated 7、 There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt. A.result B.judgement C.estimation D.event 8、 The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that city A.attacked
2016年全国职称英语考试必过 技巧 欧阳光明（2021.03.07） 1、试题概况及答题顺序 1.1、必杀技：见下表中“答题顺序”： 1.2、详解 1.2.1、词汇、阅读理解、完型填空所占分值最高（合计高达75分），放到前面来做，避免万一时间不够，可以确保先抓住大部分分数。 1.2.2、词汇、阅读理解、完型填空都是部分来自教材，放到前面来做，记忆比较深刻，答题成功率较高。 1.2.3、阅读判断放到最后，是因为本题根据经验蒙答案（具体方法后面详述）成功率可拿到全部7分中的3分，这样可以腾出时间给需要查词典即可稳拿分数的词汇题，所以阅读判断的答题时间只有1分钟。 2、词汇（1分/题*15=15分）
2.1、必杀技： 2.1.1、准备一本正式出版的英语同义词词典，推荐牛津出版社出版，外研社翻译出版的《牛津英语同义词词典》。 2.1.2、教材练习不用做，把答案勾画出来，只需记住其中题目划线部分或者答案是词组的，其余不用看。 2.1.3、考试时看到有教材中的词组题则直接答上，其余的查词典。 2.2、详解： 2.2.1、职称英语考试允许带一本正式出版的，并非针对职称英语考试而编写的词典。而本题考核内容就是同义词（词组），显然使用同义词典效率更高。 2.2.2、词组记忆相对容易而查词典找同义词组相对较困难，又因试题来自教材练习4-9题，所以必须记住教材中的词组题。教材词汇练习一共100题，其中有词组的也就20个左右，记住绝对没有困难； 2.2.3、因职称英语词汇数量有限，直接查同义词词典，一般前三个义项就会有答案。 3、阅读理解（3分/题*15题=45分） 3.1、必杀技： 3.1.1、熟记教材文章练习题的正确答案，重点掌握去年教材上没有的新增文章，考试时先找教材上的文章，做出来。 3.1.2、其他文章，先作考试题目中有人名、地名、国家名、数字、年代等专有名词的题。
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/a83758462.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）PASSAGE 26 Looking to the Future When a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty years, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat Walls would "radiate light" and "change color with the push of a button." Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught "by electrical impulse while we sleep." Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? Actually, the article was written in 1958 and the question was, "what will life be like in 1978?" The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict accurately. By carefully studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote: Cities of the future would not be crowded, but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in "airbuses", large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The radar equipment of cars would make traffic accidents "almost unheard of". Does that sound familiar? If the expert had been accurate it would, because he was writing in 1957. His subject was "The city of 1982". If the professionals sometimes sound like high-school students, it's probably because future study is still a new field. But economic forecasting, or predicting what the economy will do, has been around for a long time. It should be accurate, and generally it is. But there have been some big market in the field, too. In early 1929, most forecasters saw an excellent future for the stock market. In October of that year, the stock market had its worst losses ever, ruining thousands of investors who had put their faith in financial foreseers. One forecaster knew that predictions about the future would always be subject to significant error. In 1957, H.J.Rand of the Rad corporation was asked about the year 2000, "Only one thing is certain," he answered. "Children born today will have reached the age of 43." 1. The high-school students' answers to "What would life be like in 1978?" sound A) accurate. B) imaginative. C) correct. D) foolish. 2. According to the writer, forecasting is fairly accurate in A) politics. B) science. C) sociology. D) economy. 3. Which of the following statements is not compatible with the writer's comment on future study?
职称英语理工类教材变 动情况完整详细版 Document number【AA80KGB-AA98YT-AAT8CB-2A6UT-A18GG】
2015年职称英语理工类新增文章 plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live. The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose. Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops. If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet. 必不可少的科学过程