高级英语第一册修辞汇总

高级英语第一册1-7课修辞整理Lesson 1: Confronting ___ Camille1.We could fight it and endure it like rs.2.The house was being whipped by strong winds and heavy rain.3.Meanwhile。

___ Mississippi。

___.4.The group heard loud noises like gunshots as other windows on the upper floor shattered。

Water levels rose above their ankles.5.The children were passed from one adult to another like ___.6.The wind sounded like a train passing by just a few yards away.7.Strips of ___。

and power lines that had been blown ___.8.Suddenly。

the ___ off the house and sent it flying 40 feet through the air。

as if it had a mind of its own.9.The residents of Richelieu Apartments held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their ___.10.___ to go out the back door and get into their cars.5.She refused to let it gallop away with her thoughts。

(metaphor)6.The Duke。

Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille1.We can battle down and ride it out. (metaphor)2.Wind and rain now whipped the house. (metaphor)3.Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi. (metaphor)4.and the group heard gun-like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated. Water rose above their ankles. (simile)5.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (simile)6.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (simile)7.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown-down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. (simile)8. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (personification)9.Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. (transferred epithet)10. "Everybody out the back door to the cars!" John yelled. (elliptical)Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan1. “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)2. …as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop... (all iteration)3. …where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony. (parallelism, transferred epithet)4. At last this intermezzo came to an end… (metaphor)5. This way I look at them and congratulate myself of the good fortune that my illness has brought me. (irony)6. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. (euphemism)7. Hiroshima—the “liveliest” [pun]City in Japan(irony)8. I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me. (alliteration)9. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt (synecdoche, metonymy)10. There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated. (synecdoche)11. Was I not at the scene of the crime? (rhetorical question)12. Because I had a lump in my throat…. (metaphor)13. Whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. (onomatopoeia)14.No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially the people who we re born here or who lived through it. (climax)Lesson 3 Blackmail1.As a result the nerves of both duke and duchess were excessively frayed when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded. (metaphor)2. His wife shot him a swift, warning glance. (metaphor)3. You drove there in your fancy Jaguar, and you took a lady friend.(euphemism)4. The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.(metaphor)5. In what conceivable way does our car concern you? (rhetorical question)6. Her voice was a whiplash. (metaphor)7. The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle. (transferred epithet)8. Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks. (transferred epithet)9. The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly. (onomatopoeia)10. Eyes bored into him. (metaphor)Lesson 4 A Trial that Rocked the World1) The trial that rocked the world (hyperbole)2) Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder (transferred epithet)3) The case had erupted round my head (synecdoche)4) Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted (ridicule)5) and it is a mighty strong combination (sarcasm)6) until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century (irony)7) There is some doubt about that. (sarcasm)8) No one, ... that may case would snowball into...(metaphor)9) The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with rickety stands selling hot… (metaphor)10) Resolutely he strode to the stand, [carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies]. (ridicule, simile)11) Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. (ridicule)12) Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a “victorious defeat” (oxymoron)13) ...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere. (metaphor)14) He thundered in his sonorous organ tones. (metaphor)15）...champion had not scorched the infidels... (metaphor)16）…after the preliminary sparring over legalities… (metaphor)17)Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a … n. (metaphor)18)Then the court broke into a storm of applause that … (metaphor)19）...swept the arena like a prairie fire (simile)20)The oratorical storm … blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind (simile )21)...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers... (Metonymy)22) The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below. (Metonymy)23)His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world. (Hyperbole)24)The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below. (antithesis)25)when bigots lighted faggots to burn... (Consonance)26) There is never a duel with the truth," he roared. "The truth always wins -- and we are not afraid of it. The truth does not need Mr. Bryan. The truth is eternal. (Repetition)27)Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. (transferred epithet)28)Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a pr airie fire.(Alliteration)29) DARWIN IS RIGHT—INSIDE(pun)Lesson 5 The Libido for the Ugly1. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity (metaphor, transferred epithet, antithesis)2. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination--and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats. (Antithesis, Repetition, hyperbole)3. There was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the age. (synecdoche)4. There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh to the Greensburg yards. There was not one that was misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. (Understatement; Litotes)5. The country is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills. (Litotes, Overstatement)6. They would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides. (personification)7. On their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. (Metaphor)8. And one and all they are streaked in grim, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks. (Metaphor)9. When it has taken on the patina of the mills, it is the color of a fried egg. When it has taken on the patina of the mills, it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (Metaphor, ridicule)10. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (Irony, sarcasm)11. N.J. and Newport News, Va.Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy… (Metonymy)12. But in the American village and small town the pull is always towards ugliness, and in that Westmoreland valley it has been yielded to with an eagerness bordering upon passion. (Ridicule)13. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. (Irony)14. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be positive libido for the ugly, as on the other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful. (Antithesis) 15. The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as the taste for the dogmatic theology and the poetry of Edgar A.Guest. (Metaphor)16. And some of them are appreciably better. (Sarcasm)17. They let it mellow into its present shocking depravity. (Metaphor; sarcasm)18. The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye. (Metaphor)19. The boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth. (hyperbole)20. What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness of every house in sight. (hyperbole)21. A steel stadium like a huge rat-trap somewhere further down the line. (simile, ridicule)22. Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense of dinity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides. (sarcasm)23. By the hundreds and thousands these abominable houses cover the bare hillsides, like gravestones in some gigantic and decaying cemetery. (simile)24. They have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by a mortal eye. (hyperbole)25. They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design. (sarcasm)26. It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. (hyperbole and irony)27. Beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. (sarcasm)28. In precisely the same way the authors of the rat-trap stadium that I have mentioned made a deliberate choice. (metaphor)29. They made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painted a starting yellow, on top of it. (ridicule)30. The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye. (metaphor)31. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning. (metaphor)32. This they have converted into a thing… low-pitched roof. (inversion)33. But nowhere on this earth, at home or abroad, have I seen anything to compare to thevillage(inversion)34. coal and steel town(synecdoche)35. boy and man(synecdoche)36. Was it necessary to adopt that shocking color? (rhetorical question)37. Are they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners – dull, insensate brutes, with no love of beauty in them? (rhetorical question)38. a crazy little church. (transferred epithet)39. a bare leprous hill (transferred epithet)40. preposterous brick piers (transferred epithet)41. uremic yellow (transferred epithet)42. the obscene humor (transferred epithet)Lesson 6 Mark Twain --- Mirror of America1)saw clearly ahead a black wall of night... (Metaphor)2)main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart(Metaphor)3)All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... (Metaphor)4)When railroads began drying up the demand... (Metaphor)5)...the epidemic of gold and silver fever... (Metaphor)6)Twain began digging his way to regional fame... Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles... (Metaphor)7)Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ...a memory that seemed phonographic(Simile)8) America laughed with him. (Hyperbole, personification)9)...to literature's enduring gratitude...(Personification)10)the grave world smiles as usual... (Personification)11) Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh (Personification)12)America laughed with him. (Personification)13)...between what people claim to be and what they really are… (Antithesis)14)...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever(Antithesis)15)… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy. (Euphemism)16)...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home(Alliteration)17)...with a dash and daring... ...a recklessness of cost or consequences...(Alliteration)18)...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe (Metonymy)19)For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed. (metaphor)20)From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.(metaphor)21)He boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers. (metaphor)22)he commented with a crushing sense of despair on men's final release from earthly struggles (euphemism)23) ...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land... (metaphor, antithesis)24)Most Americans remember ... the father of [Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.](parallelism, hyperbole)25)The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied --a cosmos (hyperbole)26) the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States(metaphor)27) Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsam(metaphor)28) Twain began digging his way to regional fame... (metaphor)29) life dealt him profound personal tragedies... (personification)30) the river had acquainted him with ... (personification)31) ...an entry that will determine his course forever... (personification)32) Personal tragedy haunted his entire life. (personification)33)Keelboats, ...carried the first major commerce (synecdoche)Lesson 7 Everyday Use for your grandmamma1. “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said, laughing. (irony)2. “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird. “can I have these old quilts?” (simile)3. …showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…(metaphor)4. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …(metaphor)5. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (hyperbole)6. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. (simile)7. Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? (metaphor)8. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. (hyperbole)9. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. (simile)10. It is like an extended living room. (simile)11. Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. (assonance)12. My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. (simile)13. She gasped like a bee had stung her. (simile)14. You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. (metaphor)15. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? (rhetorical question)。

Lesson 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia:is the formation of words in imitation of the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)2) As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. (Para. 5)3) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”.e.g. 1)…in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)2) It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, …(Para. 5)3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.e.g. … and so thick with the dust of centuries that …(Para. 8)a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5．Contrast:e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leatherbellows…(Para. 5)2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. (Para. 5)6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed withhuman qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. 1) … where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, … (Para. 7)2) It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)Lesson 2V: Figures of speechMetaphor: 暗喻1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say. (Para.2) At last the intermezzo came to an end and…(Para. 5)Synecdoche: 提喻A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (a hand for sailor ), the whole for a part(as the law for police officer), the specific for the general(as cutthroat for assassin ), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket ), or the material for the thing from which it is made (as steel for sword ).举隅法，提喻法：一种修辞方法，以局部代表整体（如用手代表水手），以整体代表局部（如用法律代表警官），以特殊代表一般（如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者），以一般代表特殊（如用贼代表扒手），或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西（如用钢代表剑）e.g. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)little old Japan: traditional Japanese housesMetonymy: 换喻A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “Washington”for “the United States government”or of “the sword”for “military power”.换喻，转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用“华盛顿”代替“美政府”或用“剑”代替“军事力量”The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture Irony：反语The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.反语：用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法,以达到幽默和讽刺的效果。

高级英语第一册修辞（1-9课）Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification, synecdoche, anticlimax, metonymy, repetition, exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody.1) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.(metaphor)-----Page1,Lesson1.2) It grows louder and more distinct ,until you round a corner and see a fairylandof dancing flashes ,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.(metaphor and personification)---------- P2,L1.3) The dye-market ,the pottery-market ,and the carpenters’market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.(metaphor)-----P3,L14) Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while…(personification)------P3, L1.5) It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible.(metaphor)---P4,L16) There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche)------P15,L27) “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)----P15, L2.8) But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)-----P17, L2.9) Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef .(alliteration)-----P30,L310) According to our guide ,the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have everheard .(metonymy)----P31,L3.11) What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?(metaphor)---P32,L3.12) Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)13) And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)----P58, L4.14) I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)15) After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call himHakim-a-barber.(metaphor)-------P60,L4.16) “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangero said ,laughing .(ironic)—P62, L4.17) You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)----P62,L4. 18) “Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)---P63, L4.19) She gasped like a bee had stung her .(simile)20) Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the archanti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.(metaphor)21) If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.(exaggeration)----P79,L5.22) But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on likea swarm of crawling locusts.(simile)24）I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor)----P79, L5. 25）I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a saferprey.(Metaphor)---P80, L5.26) We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. (Parallelism)27) Just as the industrial Revolution took over an immense range of tasks from men’s muscles and enormously expanded productivity. (Metonymy)28) The back door opens to let out the dog .The TV set blinks on with the day’s first newscast: a selective rundown…(Personification)----P115, L7.29) The latter-day Aladdin, still snugly abed, then presses a button on a bedside box and issues a string of business and personal memos. (Antonomasia)30) Following eyeball-to-eyeball consultations with the butcher and the baker and grocer on the tube, she hits a button to commandeer supplies for tonight’s dinner party. (Synecdoche)31) The microelectronic revolution promises to ease, enhance and simplify life in ways undreamed of even by the utopians. (Synecdoche)----P116, L7.32) In the microelectronic village, the home will again be the center of society, as it was before the industrial Revolution. (Metaphor)33) the Device’s ubiquitous eye, sensing where people are at all times, will similarly the lights on an off as needed. (Metaphor)34) Next to health, heart, and home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile. (Alliteration, metonymy repetition,)-----P118, L7.35) Computer technology may make the car, as we know it, a Smithsonian antique. (Antonomasia)36) For the mighty army of consumers, the ultimate applications of the computer revolution are still around the bend of a silicon circuit. (Parody)----P120, L737) His competitors envisioned the greater potential for entertainment and art, where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethoven. (Synecdoche)38) Will government regulate messages sent out on this vast data highway? (Metaphor)39) Philips Interactive, for example, has dozens of titles, among them a tour of the Smithsonian, in which the viewer selects which corridor to enter by clicking on the screen. (Antonomasia)40) She says consumers would be a little like information “cowboys,”rounding up data from computer based archives and information services.(Simile)41) To prevent getting trampled by a stampede of data, viewers will rely on programmed electronic selectors that could go out into the info corral and rape in the subjects the viewer wants. (Metaphor)42) Maes and others concede that there’s a dark side to all these bright dreams. (Metaphor)43) And where there are agents, can counteragents be far behind: spies who might like to keep tabs on the activities of your electronic butlers? (Parody)----P137, L8.44) Indeed, intelligent agents could be a gold mine of information.(Metaphor)-----P137, L8.23) A pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?24) Who ever knew Johnson with a quick tongue?25) Who can ever imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?26) Why don’t you do a dance around the ashes27) “Why don’t you take one or two of the others?”I asked. (24-28) rhetorical question)29. Metaphor:Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsamWhen railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles......took unholy verbal shots...Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.Personification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are.. ...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever Euphemism:...men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home ...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy:...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe Synecdoche1. Keelboats,...carried the first major commerce。

Lesson 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar1.The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.2.As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.3.…until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…4.…as the burnished copper catches the light of innumberable lamps and braziers.5.The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar.6.Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…7.It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square, and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible.8.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of thegrinding-wheels and the occassional grunts and sighs of the camels.Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan1.Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan2.…as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop...3.Was I not at the scene of the crime?4.At last this intermezzo came to an end…5.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skycrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.6.…where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.7.…a town known throughout the world for its—oysters.8.I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.9.Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others.Lesson 3 Ships in the Desert1.The prospects of a good catch looked bleak.2.After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to a rendezvous point…3.Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.4.This “noctilucent cloud” occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness.5.But, without even considering that threat, shouldn’t it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted socompletely to the bright lights of civilization that we can’t see these clouds for what they are—a physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?6.Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills, from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning ofbiomass and from a variety of other human activities.7.We have reshaped a large part of the earth’s surface with concrete in our cities.Lesson 4 Everyday Use for your grandmama1.It is like an extended living room.2.My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.3.Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.4.Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?5.…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…6.Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.7.Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.8.After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …9.And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.10.Wangero said, sweet as a bird.11.She gasped like a bee had stung her.Lesson 5 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U. S. S. R.1.I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.2.If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.3.That is our policy and that is our declaration.4.I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.5.I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wives pray---ah, yes, for there are times when all pray---for the safety of their beloved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of theirchampion, of their protector.6.I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh andchildren play.7.I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking, heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, it crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing andtying down of a dozen countries.8.I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.9.I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.10.From this nothing will turn us---nothing.11.We will never parley, we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gane.12.W e shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.13.Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…14.Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…15.On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encourged in our efforts to rescue mankind from his tyranny. We shall be strenthened and not weakened in determination and in resources.16.…the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.17.…just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe.Lesson 6 Blackmail1.As a result the nerves of both the Duke and Duchess were excessively frayed when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.2.The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.3.His wife shot him a swift, warning glance.4.You drove there in your fancy Jaguar, and you took a lady friend.5.The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.6.Her voice was a whiplash.7.Eyes bored into him.8.The house detective clucked his tongue reprovingly.9.In what conceivable way does our car concern you?Lesson 7 The Age of Miracle Chips1.Under a microscope, it resembles a stylized Navaho rug or the aerial view of a railroad swithcing yard.2.Unlike the hulking Calibans of vacuum tubes and tangled wires from which it evolved…3.As the alarm clock burrs…4.The percolator in the kitchen starts burbling…5.The TV set blinks on with the day’s first newscast…6.Following eyeball-to-eyeball consultations with the butcher and the baker and the grocer on the tube, she hits a button to commandeer supplies…7.Next to health, heart and home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.8.The computer revolution is stimulating intellects, liberating limbs and propelling mankind to a higher order of existense.9.For the mighty army of consumers, the ultimate applications of the computer revolution are still around the bend of a silicon circuit.Lesson 8 An Interactive Life1.Where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethoven.2.The shows of the future may be the technological great grandchildren of current CD-ROM titles.3.To prevent getting trampled by a stampede of data, viewers will rely on programmed electronic selectors that could go out into the info corral and rope in the subjects the viewer wants.4.Interactive is like a conversation.5.And where there are agents, can counteragents be far behind?6.…interactivity may widen the gap between the haves and the have-nots, the rich and wired vs. the poor and unplugged.7.Would you want your child---or any child---to play that game?8.Will government regulate messages sent out on this vast data highway?9.Indeed, intelligent agents could be a gold mine of information.。

Lesson1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille1 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor ,simileLesson 2 Hiroshima –the “Liveliest” City in Japan1. There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche)2. “Seldom has a city gained such worl d renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anti-climax)3. But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)Lesson 3 BlackmailMetaphor:Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himEuphemism:...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:they'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueTransferred Epithet:Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.Lesson 5 The Libido for the Ugly1Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.— metaphor, hyperbole, antithesis2Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were human habitations soabominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.— hyperbole, antithesis3The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.— litotes, understatement4Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a highpitched roof, to throw off the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it was tall.—sarcasm5And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks.—metaphor6When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring.—ridicule ,irony, metaphor7I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony8Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Lansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia9It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole ,irony10They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony11It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphorLesson 6 Mark Twain – Mirror of AmericaMetaphor:Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesWhen railroads began drying up the demand...Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.Personification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are.....took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverEuphemism:He commented with a crushing sense of despai r on man’s final release from earthly struggleHe tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemyAlliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy:For making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeHe decided to throw away the pen and take up the sword in defense of the country.Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Inv asion of the U.S.S.R.1. Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.(metaphor)2. If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.(exaggeration)3. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor)4. I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(simile)5. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.(Metaphor)6. I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.(Metaphor)7. We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. (Parallelism)8. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe. (Repetition)。

一．词语修辞格(1) simile 明喻它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物Examples:I wandered lonely as a cloud. (W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。

They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。

His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。

①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird. ―C an I have these old quilts?‖②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.③My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.④The oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools…⑤I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.（2）metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。

A是B或B就是A。

All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. (William Shakespeare)整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。

高级英语修辞总结归纳Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’ s English1. Alliterationthe King’ s Englishslips and slides (Para. 18)2. Allusions暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)--descendants of convicts (Para. 7)--Saxon churls (Para. 8)--Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3)4. Metaphor1.No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leapsand sparkles or just glows. (Para. 2)2.They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para.3)3.Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4)4.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6)5.The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8)6.We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and itsseeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14)高级英语修辞总结归纳8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s Engli slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18)10. “ the sinistercorridor of our age⋯”(Para. 18)11.Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flowfreely here and there. (Para. 20)12.We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time tothe Norman Conquest. (Para. 20)5.Simile1.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived sideby side with each other, did not delve into each other. 3)’ s ⋯(Para2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,⋯(Para. 14)Lesson 2 MarrakechSimile1.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, likea derelict building-lot. (Para. 2)2., ⋯ sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, likeclouds of flies. (Para. 8)3.⋯ where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18)4.Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18)5. ⋯ their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood⋯(Para. 23)6., ⋯ glitteringlike scraps of paper. (Para. 26)Metaphor1. They rise out of the earth,⋯(Para. 3)2.Down the center of the street there is generally running a little riverof urine. (Para. 8)Alliterationsweat and starve (Para. 3)Transferred Epithet--there was a frenzied rush of Jews (Para. 10)Onomatopoeia, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter ofiron wheels (Para. 22)Synecdoche1.a white skin is always fairly conspicuous (Para. 16)2., actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. (Para. 24) Rhetorical Question1.Are they really the same flesh as your self Do they even have names Or are they merely a kind of differentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects (Para. 3)2.How much longer can we go one kidding these people Howlong before they turn their guns in the other direction (Para. 25) UnderstatementI am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. (Para. 21)Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961)Parallelism⋯,symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal aswell as change. (Para. 1)Paras. 6, 7, 8, 10,11 Alliteration1. ⋯friend and foe alike⋯(Para. 3)2.to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Para. 4)3.steady spread (Para. 13)4. ⋯bear the burden⋯(Para. 22)5. ⋯strength and sacrifice⋯Metaphor1.⋯ those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (Para. 7)2.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey ofhostile powers. (Para. 9)3.this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (Para.9)4. to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak⋯(Para. 10)5. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle ofsuspicion ⋯ (Para. 19)6.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavorwill light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that firecan truly light the world. (Para. 24)Consonance⋯ , whether it wishes us well or ill, ⋯(Para. 4)Synecdoche⋯ both rightly alarmed by the steady spread o f the deadly atom⋯.(Para.13)Antithesis1.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerfulchallenge at odds and split asunder. (Para. 6)2.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot savethe few who are rich. (Para. 8)3.And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can dofor you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Repetitionall forms of (Para. 2)the belief (Para. 2)1.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.(Para. 14)2.And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can dofor you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Allusionone hundred days (Para. 20)ClimaxAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it befinished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of thisAdministration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. (Para. 20)Hyperbolehour of maximum danger (Para. 24)Lesson 4 Love is a FallacyMetaphor1.Charles Lamb, unfettered the informal essay with....“ Dream’ s Children” . (Author’ s Note)2.There follows an informal essay....frontier. (Author’ s Note)3.Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathingthing , full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’ s Note)4.My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Para. 17)5.In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open.(Para. 31)6.I fought off a wave of despair. (Para. 76)7.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embersstill smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. (Para. 95)8.The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well. (Para. 112)9.” The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink fromit. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.116)10. The rat! (Para. 148)Simile1. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)2.Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Para. 2)3.First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at abakery window. (Para. 47)4.He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. (Para. 54)5. ...the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. (Para.94)6.It was like digging a tunnel. (Para. 120)7.I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (Para. 144)Antithesis1.“ It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to” (Para.’ s scale,make an ugly smart girl beautiful. ” (Para. 24)2. “ Back and forth his head swiveled desire waxing,， resolutionwaning . ” (Para. 47)3.If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If thereis an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (Para. 91)4. “ Look at me--a brilliant student..ing from.” (Para. 150)Hyperbole1. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathingthing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note) 2. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)3. It’ s not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Para. 2)4.Finally he didn’ t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with madlust at the coat. (Para. 47)5.You are the whole world⋯ of outer space (Para. 132)6.“ I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow- eyed hulk.”(Para. 132)Metonymy1.But I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (Para. 20)2.Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. (Para. 70)3.You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker. (Para. 79)LitotesThis loomed as a project of no small dimensions. (Para. 58)SynecdocheThere is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (Para. 112)AnalogyJust as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I lovedmine. (Para. 122)Transferred EpithetI said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. (Para. 37) Rhetorical QuestionCould Carlyle do more Could Ruskin (Authors’Note)“(ParaNobody.73)”“ Really” said Polly, amazed.Who knew (Para. 95)Lesson 5 The Sad Young MenMetaphor:1.⋯ we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent⋯us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincialmorality (Para. 2)2.battle for success (Para. 3)3.And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out,until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decadecalled the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age. (Para. 4)4. ⋯ once the young men had received a good taste of twentieth-century warfare. (Para. 6)5.⋯ they hadoutgrown town and families (Para. 6)6.⋯ sleepyin Gopher Prairies all over the country (Para. 6)7. ⋯ to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of“ flaming youth” (Para. 8)8.⋯ now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with thetoys of vulgar rebellion. (Para. 8)9.⋯ wasthe rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted withAmerica. (Para. 9)10.⋯ but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save theglint and ring of the dollar,⋯ (Para. 9)Personification:⋯ the country was blind and deaf to everything⋯ dollar⋯ . (Para. 9) Metonymy:1.⋯ our young men began to enlist under foreign flags. (Para. 5)2.Greenwich Village set the pattern. (Para. 7)3.⋯ their minds and pens inflamed against war,⋯ (Para. 7)4.⋯ to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of“ flaming youth” (Para. 8)5.Before long the movement had become officially recognized by thepulpit ⋯ (Para.8)高级英语修辞总结归纳6.⋯but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint⋯ (Para. 9)and ring of the dollar,Transferred epithet:The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to themiddle-aged and curious questionings by the young(Para⋯. 11)Simile:The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the⋯ (Para. 3)Victorian socialstructure .&精心收集整理，请按实质需求再行改正编写，因文档各样差别排版需调整字体属性及大小。

1 Metaphor: 隐喻The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind. 公爵夫人牢牢控制着她的赛车思维。

Mark Twain --- Mirror of America马克·吐温---美国镜子saw clearly ahead a black wall of night... 清楚地看到黑夜的墙前..Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles..马克·吐温磨练并尝试了他的新书写肌肉They will be rounded up in hordes. 他们会成群结队。

I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold... 我看到俄罗斯士兵站在门槛上..2 Simile: 比喻：The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. 风听起来像火车的吼声经过了几码远。

Most American remember M. T. as the father of... 大多数美国人记得M. T.是...的父亲..a memory that seemed phonographic.似乎是留声机的记忆..Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. ..匈奴士兵像一群蝗虫一样爬行. 3 Metonymy(借代):...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...小日本流连于米色的混凝土摩天大楼中...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt ...在和服和超短裙之间挣扎I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact我以为广岛仍然感受到冲击4.personification 拟人化A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. 片刻之后，飓风猛烈地将整个屋顶抬离了房屋，并在空中掠过了40英尺。