高考英语语法讲义
1. 语法概述（主要内容：英语语法的学习方法与高考应试技巧、高考英语语法考点总体架构解析）
2. 名词、数词、冠词
3. 代词
4. 代词（续）、形容词与副词
5. 动词概述（主要内容：解析包括情态动词在内的动词各类型）
6. 时态
7. 语态、语气、非谓语动词
8. 非谓语动词（续）、介词
9. 定语从句
10. 状语从句
11. 名词性从句、主谓一致
12. 倒装句、省略句、情景交际单选题真题训练
Unit 1 语法概述
第一部分：应试技巧之真题演练（一）
1. Never ___ time come back again.
A．will lose B．will lost C．will losing D．will to lose
2. We station when the train began to move.
A．no sooner B．D．learns
第二部分：应试技巧之真题演练（二）
— David do it. 并不是人人都能做这件事。
例外情况：all 与具有否定意义前缀或后缀的单词连用时表示全部否定。如：We all dislike smoking. 我们全都不喜欢抽烟。all与形式肯定而意义否定的其他词或词组连用时也表示全部否定，包括与too…to…、fail to、free of (from)连用等等。例如：All the people there are too old to work. 那里所有的人年龄都太大，不适合工作。All of them are now free from danger.他们全都脱离危险了。They all failed to keep their words. 他们全都没有信守诺言。
（2）用nothing、 there.
二、疑问句的否定式
疑问句的否定式主要有两种形式：
1.将助动词、系动词或情态动词移到主语前（特殊疑问句的疑问词本身作主语时则不移动），not留在主语后面，例如：Is again. Let's not talk of that matter. Let us not talk of that matter.
Unit 2 名词
可数名词规则复数形式所遵循的规则为：
1.绝大多数名词的复数形式是在该词的单数形式后加-s，-s在清辅音后读s，在浊辅音和元音后读z，在以ce、se、ze、(d)ge等结尾的词后读iz（在以th结尾的名词后的读法存在
不规则的情况）。如：desk－desks, day－days。
2.以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词在名词后加-es，词尾-es读iz。如：bus－buses, box－boxes, watch －watches, brush－brushes。但以ch结尾的名词，若ch发k音，则其复数应加-s，-s一般读s，如：stomach－stomachs。
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变成i 再加-es，-es读z，如：baby－babies, country －countries, lady－ladies。注意：以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s变为复数，s读z，如：two Marys、boy－boys、key－keys。
Unit 3 数词
一、基数词的构成
I II III IV
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve
13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20 twenty
30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 a (one) thousand 1,000,000 a million
1,000,000,000 a billion（美）a thousand million（英）
1,000,000,000,000a trillion（美）a billion（英）
注意：一般情况下基数词为单数形式，基数词在特殊情况下可以用复数形式：
1.”等其他限定词修饰时可用复数形式，后面再加“of＋名词”，表示不确定的数，例如：twos and threes.他们三三两两地到达了。
3.表示人的岁数（以“in +the +表示‘几十’的基数词的复数形式”结构表示）或年代。例如：He is in the 1950''s（s前的“''”可以不要）.
表示数量的名词dozen（n.一打, 十二个）和score（n.二十）的用法可以同基数词的用法类比。
二、序数词的构成
阿拉伯数字基数词序数词序数词缩写形式阿拉伯数字基数词序数词序数词缩写形式
1 one first 1st 11 eleven eleventh 11th
2 two second 2nd 12 twelve twelfth 12th
3 three third 3rd 13 thirteen thirteenth 13th
4 four fourth 4th 14 fourteen fourteenth 14th
5 five fifth 5th 15 fifteen fifteenth 15th
6 six sixth 6th 16 sixteen sixteenth 16th
7 seven seventh 7th 17 seventeen seventeenth 17th
8 eight eighth 8th 18 eighteen eighteenth 18th
9 nine ninth 9th 19 nineteen nineteenth 19th
10 ten tenth 10th 20 twenty twentieth 20th
Unit 5 代词
一、人称代词简表
数
人称格单数复数
主格宾格主格宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 )
②—Go and see who it is that rings. —It''s Bill.
③The Greens the problem.
代替主语从句①It doesn''t matter what you do.
②It seems that everyone the news.
形
式
宾
语代替不定式①I consider it better to be early.
②We found it impossible to get there before July .
代替动名词 We thought it no use doing that.
代替宾语从句 The teacher makes it clear that everyone should time .
在强调结构中的特殊句型：被强调部分其它强调主语①It is I who am to blame.
②It was yo ur uncle thatwho came yesterday.
强调宾语 It was a new pen that Mother gave me .
强调状语强调地点：It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.
强调时间：It is at eleven that the train leaves.
强调方式：It was just as trouble that I tried my best to that they elected －better-known － best-known；kind-－oftener－oftenest。
3.不规则副词有特殊的比较级和最高级形式：
原级比较级最高级
ill
badly
well better best
much more most
little less least
far farther（further） farthest（furthest）
三、较低级与最低级的构成方式：lessleast + 形容词（或副词）
less和least可加在包含各种数量音节的形容词、副词前分别表示“较不……”和“最不……”，可称为较低级（Lower Degree）或最低级（Lowest Degree）。例如：
原级较低级最低级
small less small（=larger） least small（=largest）
short less short（=longer） least short（= longest）
easy less easy least easy
beautiful less beautiful least beautiful
slowly less slowly least slowly
Unit 7 动词概述
一、一般现在时中主语为第三人称单数时谓语动词加-s词尾的基本规则简表
动词类型构成法例词
一般动词直接加-s work—works
like—likes
以ch、sh、s、x、o结尾的词加-es teach—teaches
wish—wishes
以辅音+y结尾的词先变y为i，再加-es cry—cries
reply—replies
二、动词的过去式、过去分词的构成
动词的过去式和过去分词的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式相同，其具体构成方法见下表：
动词类型构成法例词
一般动词加-ed work—worked、enjoy—enjoyed、reach—reached
以-e结尾的动词加-d divide—divided、blame—blamed、love—loved
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，加-ed study—studied、carry—carried、try—tried 以重读闭音节结尾、末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed
（以-x结尾的词直接加-ed） plan—planned、chat—chatted、relax—relaxed
注意：以“l”结尾并且结尾不是重读闭音节的动词，其过去式和过去分词在美国都是直接加-ed，但英式英语中在结尾的“l”前只有一个元音字母时要双写“l”再加-ed，此外另有少数结尾不是重读闭音节的动词在英式英语中以双写末尾的辅音字母加-ed构成其过去式
和过去分词。例如：travel－travelld（BrE）traveled（AmE）；worship－worshipped（BrE）worshiped（AmE）。
过去式和过去分词的不规则变化需要考生逐个掌握。
三、动词的现在分词和动名词的构成
现在分词和动名词通常是在动词原形后加-ing，其具体构成方法见下表：
动词类型构成方法例词
一般动词加-ing bring—bringing、say—saying、carry—carrying
以不发音的-e结尾的动词去掉e，再加-ing live—living、decide—deciding（但有：free －freeing）
以重读闭音节结尾、末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing run—running、set—setting（但有：open－opening、pack－packing）
注意：1.以“l”结尾并且结尾不是重读闭音节的动词，其现在分词和动名词在美国都是直接加-ing，但英式英语中在结尾的“l”前只有一个元音字母时要双写“l”再加-ing，此外另有少数结尾不是重读闭音节的动词在英式英语中以双写末尾的辅音字母加-ing构成其现
在分词和动名词。例如：travel－travelling（BrE）traveling（AmE）；worship－worshipping （BrE）worshiping（AmE）。
2.有少数动词的现在分词和动名词形式比较特殊，例如：die－dying；lie－lying；tie－tying； I borrow your dictionary?（4）表示惊讶、怀疑的口气 (主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)，有“何至于”、“不可能”之意，例如：He cannot be a cruel man. 他不可能是一个冷酷的人。Can they as I finish using it. (表许诺)我用完词典就给你。Nobody shall leave the classroom during the exam. (表命令)考试期间都不能离开教室。（2）可以用来征求对方意见，在第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，shall表示建议、征求
对方的意见等。例如：Shall we set off at seven tomorrow morning? ( =Let''s set off at seven tomorrow morning, shall we?)我们明天早晨七点出发，好吗？Shall first. 你
应该首先征得我的同意。（3）should和ought to 的否定形式后接动词的完成式，表示不该做却做了的事情。例如：She was so unhappy. You should not . 我不会再提此事。（2）表示决心，例如：I will marry ?（2）表示过去的习惯、倾向，例如：Every evening she would teach .意为“习惯于”；be used to +do意为“被用来（做某事）”。
8.need的用法：（1）need表示需要（主要用于否定句和疑问句中）。例如：Need you go so soon? You''ve only just come. 你需要这么快就走吗？你才刚到呢。need用作情态动词主要用于否定句和疑问句，而不宜于肯定句，在肯定句中可将need当作实义动词使用。实义动词的need表示“需要、要求”的常见用法包括need + n. need + to do sth以及跟want、require、worth（形容词）一样后面接doing表示被动（need doing = need to be done）。need作实义动词时，可用于各种句子，并有时态和人称的变化。例如：Study needed time and patience. You do not need to trouble about it.（2）对于need问句的肯定回答是must，相应的否定回答则是needn''t。（3）“need + ? 你敢问他这样的问题吗？He dare not jump from the top of the wall. 他不敢从墙上跳下来。
注意：dare作实义动词时，有时态和人称的变化，其后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to。例如：She didn''t dare (to) say anything like that. 她不敢那样说话。Does she dare (to) go there alone? 她敢独自去那儿吗？与dare不同，need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to。
10. give up my principle. I''d just as soon resign than take part in such dishonest deals.
（2）would、keep、stand、lie、stay、rest、exist、weigh等。例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
3.变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要包括become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come、run等。例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
4.结果系动词：表示主语对应的结果，主要有prove（“证实”）、trun out（“变成”），例如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）
5.表像系动词：用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem、appear、look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
6.感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel、smell、sound、taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
Unit 8 时态
一、英语16种时态简表（以动词work为例）
时态一般进行(基本构造：be+-ing动词) 完成(基本构造：+-ing动词)
现在一般现在时
work(works) 现在进行时
isaream working 现在完成时
working
过去一般过去时
worked 过去进行时
waswere working 过去完成时
working
将来一般将来时
will(shall) working 将来进行时
will(shall)
be working 将来完成时
will(shall) working
过去将来过去将来时
would(should) work 过去将来进行时
would(should) be working 过去将来完成时
would(should) working
二、一般现在时的特别用法总结
1.一般现在时代替过去时表示过去的用法
（1）在含宾语从句的复合句中，尽管主句用过去时态，但如果宾语从句所述内容是客观真理或经常反复发生的动作，从句的谓语动词仍然用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told rises in the east.
（2）叙述往事，使其生动。例如：Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.
（3）表示“书上说”、“报纸上说”之意。例如：The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow.
2.一般现在时代替进行时的用法
（1）在进行图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说时常用一般现在时。例如：Scene I (Lucy and Miss Green are in the doctor's room — a large, pleasant room with many books.) 第一幕（露希和格林小姐在医生的房间里：一间有许多书的大而舒适的房间。）（2）在某些习惯性表达法中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：Here comes the bus! How it rains!
3.一般现在时表示将来的用法
（1）表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态时，可用一般现在时。用于这类句型的常考的谓语动词包括be、come、go、arrive、leave、start、begin等表示起始的动词。例如：My birthday falls on April 21. 我的生日是四月二十一日。The meeting is at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow. 会议明天上午八点开始。His ship leaves at 5:00 p.m. this afternoon. 他的船下午五点开航。Tomorrow we start for Shanghai. 明天我们起程去上海。
（2）在含有时间、条件、让步等状语从句的复合句中，若主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
三、一般将来时的特殊构成形式总结
1.“be going to + 动词原形”。
“be going to +动词原形”在口语中被广泛使用，它表示：
（1）主观上已经决定、安排、打算、计划、准备要做某事。例如：Are you going to play football? 你要去踢足球吗? I am going to buy a new car. 我打算买辆新车。
（2）按计划、安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。（3）某种迹象表明很可能发生的事。例如：Dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain. 乌云密布，天要下雨了。
2.“be to +动词原形”。
be to +动词原形可以表示：
（1）表示约定、计划或按职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。例如：We are to meet at the station at four this afternoon. 我们计划今天下午四点在车站碰面。The sports meet is
to take place on Sunday morning. 运动会将在周日上午举行。
（2）表示命令、禁止或可能性等，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如：You are to stand . 电影就要开始了。
4.用某些瞬间动词如go、come、stay、leave、start、begin等的一般现在时或者现在进行时表示即将要发生的动作。例如：We start at six and arrive at the station at seven. 我们六点出发，七点到达车站。His ship leaves at nine a.m. tomorrow. 他的船明天上午九点起航。The train is leaving.火车就要开了。Our manager is giving a report this afternoon. 我们的经理今天下午要作报告。
四、各个进行时态的共有的特殊意义总结
1.运动动词 go、come、drive、fly、travel、arrive、leave、start、set off及表示位置的动词 stay、remain等的进行时态可以表示“将来”的意思。例如：He is coming to New Jersey. 他打算到新泽西州来。
2.非延续性动词一般不用于进行时态，但少数非延续性动词如hit、jump、kick、knock和see（看见）等可以用于进行时态，表示重复的动作。如：The child was jumping with joy．这孩子高兴得直跳。I'm seeing a lot of Joan at the library．我常在图书馆看见琼。
3.某些表示心态、情绪的动词的进行时态表示“几乎”、“差一点”等含义，相当于nearly dobe on the point of doing…。例如：I'm forgetting（=nearly forget）that I promised to take you to Shanghai．我差一点忘了我曾答应过要带你去上海的。He was believing what the cheat said．他差一点听信了那个骗子的话。
4.状态动词be的进行时态（be being）后面接行为形容词，如 brave、careful、 stupid、clever、foolish、polite、kind、shy等时，表示主语的非惯常的特点或者故意的行为。如：You are being very clever today．你今天表现得很聪明（表明这是例外）。He is being polite．他装模作样地客气起来了（表明这是故意行为）。
5.always、constantly、continually、forever等频度副词与进行时态连用时，常给现在或过去的动作披上一层感情色彩，并不强调动作正在进行。这包括：
（1）表示讨厌、不满，带有埋怨情绪，指责某人一贯的行径。例如：He is forever boasting．他老爱说大话。
（2）表示赞许、高兴，带夸奖口吻，称赞对方的一贯表现。例如：You are always doing well．你总是干得很不错。
Unit 9 语态
关于主动语态与被动语态之间转换方法的全面总结：
一、谓语为单个动词的主动句如何转换成被动句
1.含单个宾语的主动句如何转换成被动句
（1）含单个宾语的主动句变为被动句时，先将主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，再将主动句的谓语动词变为被动语态形式，最后再将主动句中的主语用介词by引出，置于被动句后（若不需指出动作执行者则可省略）。例如：The police . 警察逮捕了这三人。——These three men arrested (by the police). 这三人已被警察逮捕。
（2）某些动词如believe、consider、expect、fear、feel、know、report、say、suppose、think、understand等后跟that引导的宾语从句时，主动句变为被动句有如下两种方法：①It（形式主语） + 原句中主句谓语动词的被动式 + 原句中的宾语从句。例如：They say that Henry eats 1000 oranges a day.（原句）他们说亨利一天吃一千个橙子。—— It is said that Henry eats 1000 oranges a day. 据说亨利一天吃一千个橙子。
②原句中宾语从句的主语 + 原句中主句谓语动词的被动式 + 原句中宾语从句中谓语动词的不定式。例如：They say that Henry eats 1000 oranges a day.（原句）他们说亨利一
天吃一千个橙子。—— Henry is said to eat 1000 oranges a day. 据说亨利一天吃一千个橙子。
2.含有双宾语的主动句如何转换成被动句
含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一般有两种方法：
（1）将原句中的间接宾语（通常指人）转化成主语，原句中的直接宾语仍作宾语。例如：I gave a book. 有人给了他一本书。
（2）将原句中的直接宾语（通常指物）转化成主语，原句中的间接宾语仍作宾语，并在间接宾语前加上适当的介词。例如：I gave to ready. 他们告诉我一切都准备好了。——I was told that everything ready. 我被告知，一切都准备好了。
②主动句为“主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接宾语 + 介词 + 直接宾语”（如：convince…of、apply…with、rob…of、congratulate…on、remind…of等等常见搭配）时，变化为被动句时必须用第一种方法。例如：He mistook me for my sister. 他把我错当成为我的姐姐了。—— I was mistaken for my sister. 我被错当成我的姐姐了。
3.含有复合宾语（也就是包含宾补成分）的主动句如何转换成被动句
含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时，把主动句的宾语变为被动语句的主语；能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如：Everybody called to、make an example of、make fun of、pay attention to、put an end to、take care of、keep an eye on、make use of等等，在变为被动语态时有两种情况：
①把“动词 + 名词 + 介词”看作单个动词，把介词后的宾语提前作被动句的主语。例如：We soon lost the sight of the plane. 不久我们便看不到那飞机了。—— The plane was soon lost sight of. 不久，飞机就在视线内消失了。
②将动词短语中的名词提前、作被动句的主语。例如：You must lay special emphasis on the discipline. —— Special emphasis must be laid on the discipline.
Unit 10 语气
关于以过去式谓语动词表示虚拟语气的固定结构的全面总结：
1.在“it is ( so nervous, would stop!但愿雨能停下来！
7.某些成语中包含的虚拟语气
as it were通常作插入语，表示“姑且这么说”。
8.表示客气和婉转说法的虚拟语气
在日常口语及书信中，would、should、could、might等助动词可用来代替will、shall、can、may等，使口气显得谦逊婉转，仿佛有一个if I might ask you、if it were…possible、if you would not mind等这类条件从句被省略。
这种用法非常普遍，也很有用，可以称为“表示客气说法的虚拟语气（Polite Subjunctive）”。这种用法的具体使用场合包括：
（1）表客气地提问，例如：Would very soon？（针对将来情况）
（2）表请求，例如：Would you lend me your newspaper？（回答形式：I will）
（3）表意愿，例如：I would done
完成进行式 to doing —
2.动名词在句子中的具体形式总结表
主动被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 done
3.现在分词在句子中的具体形式总结表
现在
分词及物动词write 不及物动词go
主动语态被动语态主动语态
一般式 writing being written going
完成式 written 、worthwhile等时要用动名词作后置的主语。注意：形容词worth、worthy、worthwhile都指“值得”，它们区别主要在搭配形式上：be worth + n.doing、be worthy of +n.to be done、be worthwhile to do sth.、It is worth while doing sth.It is worth while sb to do sth.。
5.只能跟动名词或者不定式作宾语的常考语汇总结
常考的只能跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：enjoy、finish、consider、deny、suggest、avoid、excuse、delay、imagine、keep、miss、appreciate、enjoy、mind、escape、resist、risk、suggest、practise、give up、keep (on) 、be busy、be worth、feel like、can't stand、can't 、succeed in、be used to、look forward to、object to、pay attention to、insist on等。
常考的只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有：afford、agree、arrange、beg、cause、care、choose、decide、desire、determine、demand、expect、fail、、、long、manage、order、offer、plan、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse、want、wish等。
6.用不定式作定语的情况总结
（1）所修饰的词为desire、effort、failure、promise等抽象名词，例如：She made a promise to come and to speak now．现在轮到你发言了。It's time to go to school．是去上学的时间了。
7.动词不定式作宾补的情况总结
（1）能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有ask、allow、warn、get、tell、invite、force、oblige、beg、wish、want、like、expect、encourage、advise、persuade、permit、request、order、cause、know、call on等。
（2）感官动词、使役动词（如see、 to、look at、feel与make、let、 not China.
②自己遭遇到某事。此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而非动作的执行者。例如：
She . 她的表给人偷了。
He 、in表示时间的用法辨异
（1）一般来说，at表示时间点，常用来表示时刻，如果一段时间按时间点对待也用at。例如：at 2:30, at dawnnoonnightdusksunrisesunsetbreakfastlunch dinnersupper, at this that time, at the beginning of this century。at也可以与节假日连用，例如：at Easter, at Christmas。
（2）on表示一天或某一天的一部分。例如：on Monday, on September 26, on Monday morning, on Friday evening。注意：morning、afternoon、evening、night这些名词如果有一个表示具体某一天的名词作定语时，介词不用in 或at, 而应该用on。例如：on Thursday evening, on a cold winter morning, on the afternoon of April 8, on the night of 。
（3）in表示少于一天或多于一天的时间段。例如：in the morningafternoonevening, in
a week, in three days, in May, in spring, in 2002, in my childhood。
2. by、during、for表示时间的用法辨异
（1）by表示时间点，表示“不迟于”、“到……时候之前”的意思。例如：I'll be working 、on、by 表示地方、地点、位置的用法辨异
（1）at 把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”，例如：at the corner, at the bus stop, at the door, at the top of the page, at the entrance（在进口处）, at the office, at 55 Boretz Road in Durham（在Durham的Boretz 路门牌55号，注意表示地址要用at）, at class 把地方、地点、位置当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间，例如：I live in London. 我住在伦敦（在大城市用in）。I live in England, at London. 我住在英国伦敦（注意：England大过London）。I live in a big city; my sister lives at a small town. （如果把city看做一个圆圈，small town就成一个点，因此应该说in a city和at a small town）我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小市镇。又如：in a car（不能用onby a car）、in a taxi、in a boat、in a lift elevator（乘电梯）、in the newspaper、in the sky、in the bed （此外也可用 on the bed）、in the bedroomclasslibraryschool。
（3）on 把地方、地点、位置当作一个平面，例如：The author's name is on the cover of the book. 在书的封面上有作者的名字。There are no prices on this menu. 在这菜单上没有价钱。You are standing on my foot. 你踏到我的脚了。There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall. 在那墙上有个“不准吸烟”的牌子。I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. 我住在伦敦牛津街21号八楼。又如：on a bus, on a train, on a plane, on a ship, on a bicycle, on a motorbike, on a the radio, on television, on the left, on the right, on the way, on the ceiling, on the floor。
（4）by表示位置时有“贴近、*近”之意，例如：by the fire在炉边, by the seaside 在海边, a path by the river沿河道路, by the nearest road走近路。
2. 英语上“方位”表示法辨异
英语方位表示法为数不少，容易混淆。在此以east为例介绍常见的方位表示法。
（1）in the east 与 on the east的区别
①in the east表示我们生活中和地理位置上的绝对方向。例如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west . 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下。
②on the east表示某事物位于另一事物所朝的方向，这里的方向是相对而言的。例如：China faces the Pacific on the east . 中国东临太平洋。The United States faces the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west . 美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。
（2）in （to，on，at） the east of
①要表示A在B的东部、A在B的范围之内时用“A is in the east of B”表示，例如：Japan is in the east of Asia. 日本在亚洲东部。
②如果A在B的东方、A在B的范围之外且相隔有一定的距离，用“A lies to the east of B”表示，口语中有时可将to the省去，例如：Japan lies （to the） east of China. 日本位于中国东方。
③如果A在B的东边（侧）、A与B相邻接，用“A is on the east of B”表示，例如：Shangdong is on the north of Jiangsu. 山东在江苏北边。
④如果把方位当作一个整体看，或是看成一点，用“A is at the east of B”表示，例如：There was a big battle at the north of the Liaodong Peninsula. 在辽东半岛的北边有一场大战。
（3）汉语里“东南西北”的先后顺序到英语里就变成了north、south、east、west，并由此有了下列中、英文表达上的差异：东南方southeast；西南方southwest；西北方northwest；东北方northeast。
（4）要表示方位的“偏向”时通常用by，例如：正东偏北east by north；正南偏西south by west；正北偏东north by east；正南偏东south by east。例句：We are sailing in the direction of east by north. 我们正朝着正东偏北方向航行。
Unit 13 定语从句
一、关系代词与关系副词使用情况一览表
从句中的成分非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句
人事物其他人事物其他
主语或表语 who whichas thatwho that
which
宾语 whowhom whichas that whowhom that
which
定语 whose whose
of which whose whose
of which
状语 when,
where when,where,why
二、关于定语从句中省略引导词的情况的总结
定语从句的引导词在以下情况下可以省略：
1.在定语从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略。例如：There was only one story Fushan is astonishing.
3.关系代词作定语从句中系动词的表语时。例如：It is not the city (that) it was ten years ago. He is not the man（that） you tell me who was the first woman (that) ever climbed Mt.Jolmolungma?
6.主句谓语为表示“有”的have，定语从句中的关系代词可省。例如：I before I forget it.
（4）在某些特定句型中用before。例如表示“与其说……倒不如”、“与其……毋宁……”的含义时只用before，例句如下：I would give up my job before I'd agree to be dismissed. He will die of years younger．她看起来好像年轻了十岁。
（2）引导方式状语从句。例如：The teacher loves the boy as if she were suits me. Either of the rooms is big enough.
注意：（1）若复数主语与each连用、each仅位于复数主语后作同位语，该主语不受each 的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如：The old workers and the young each tools. The students each this painting. 许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。
2.both、(a) few、many、several等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如：Both (of) the films are interesting. 两部影片都有趣。
both作同位语时仍用复数谓语动词，例如：The films both are interesting.
3.下列情况下须视其“具体所指”来确定单、复数：
（1）what、which、who、whose等疑问代词作主语。例如：Who is your brother? 你兄弟是谁？Who are League Members? 哪些是团员？
注意：若单数、复数不明确，what、who 等疑问代词对应的谓语通常用单数动词。
（2） this class are from Sichuan. 这个班有不少同学来自四川。The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。
课题 :动词的时态语态 2011年高考真题 1. Planning so far ahead _____ no sense— so many things will have changed by next year. (全国 I. A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made 2. I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he ______ polite. (全国卷 I A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be 3. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _____ there. (全国卷 I A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain 4. Experiments of this kind _____in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted 5. Tom __________ in the library every night over the last three months. (北京卷 A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working 6. - Bob has gone to California. - Oh, can you tell me when he _________?(北京卷 A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leaving 7. ----That must have been a long trip. ---Yeah, it __________ us a whole week to get there. A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking 8. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later. (上海卷 A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued 9. Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition? (上海卷
2019年高考英语语法 填空汇编
精品文档 2019年高考英语语法填空汇编 （一）2019年全国1卷 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The polar bear is found in the Arctic Ci r cle and some big land masses a s f ar south as N ewf oundland. Wh i le they a r e ra re nor t h o f 88°,there is evi denc e 61 t h e y range all the w a y across t h e Arc t ic,and as far s o uth as J a m es Bay in Ca na da.It is di f ficu l t t o f i g ure o u t a g lob a l popula t ion of polar bears as much of the r a n ge has be e n 62 (poor) s t udie d; h owever, biolo g ists calc ul ate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Mo de m m eth o ds 63 t racking pol a r be ar popula t ions have b ee n e m ployed on l y s ince the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (per fo r m) consistent l y over a large area. In r e cent yea r s some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (r epor t) increases in bear sightings ar ound hum a n se ttl ements,l ea ding to a 66 (b elieve) that populations are i n c r easing.Scientists have re s ponded by 67 (n ote) that hung r y bea r s may be cong r eg at ing(聚集) aroun d h u man s ett le m en t s, lea ding to t he i l lusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) t ha n they actually are.O f 69 ninet e en recognized polar bear subpopulations, thre e are d e cli ning,six 70 (be) stable, one is incr e asing, and nine lack enough dat a. （二）2019年全国2卷 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for 61 （be） Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene 64 （declare）she had no plans 65 （retire） from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
专题一冠词、名词和主谓一致 1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall. A.balance B .chance C .memory D .place 【答案】A 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose 搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配l ose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。 2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. A.emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity（掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。 3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know. A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D 权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。 【考点定位】考查名词辨析 【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析。该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量，四个词的意思分别是“思考”；“支持”；“保护”和“权威”；其次，做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。根据第一句和“and then let me know”可知，现在不急着告诉“我”答案，由此可知是让对方再想想。 4.【2015·江苏】3 5.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave. —I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ . A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在情景交际中辨析名词词义的能力。语境较为简单，考生只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”就可以锁定正确答案。因此，考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练，加强对词汇的语境理解，可以达到事半功倍的效果。 5.【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform. A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make 搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对……做出评价/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围。
高考英语常用语法总结 2017年高考即将到来，高考英语主要考察点就在于英语的语法知识，掌握好高中英语的语法知识，考试中的作文以及选择题，改错题自然都不在 话下了。下文是小编给大家整理的2017年高考英语常用语法总结，希望可以帮助到大家。 ?高考英语语法总结一、lie 的变化：记忆lie 的变化时，可用顺口溜来帮助记忆：规则的说谎，不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则。即：lie—lied—lied—lying(说谎)lie—lay—lain—lying(躺，位于)lay—laid—laid—laying(产卵，下蛋)二、高中英语语法口诀：定冠词1. The girl in red has just come back from Australia.2. Mr. Li will give us a talk. The talk will begin at 8:003. The sun gives us heat and light.4. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.5. The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.6. Do you know when the Great Wall came into being?7. She’s on the People’s Daily.8. The Einsteins could not pay for the advanced education that young Albert ?needed.9. Who was the first to come?10. I heard somebody playing the piano in the next room.11. Great Changes have taken place in the 1990’s12. In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the ?second time.三、高考英语形容词和副词用法I. 要点A. 形容词1、形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补， 有时还可作状语。如：He is honest and hardworking.I found the book interesting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their families.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态
最新历年全国高考英语名词试题汇总及答案 一、单项选择名词 1．_________is Virginia Woolf’s most autobiographical novel, which develops a series of thoughts rather than a plot, centering on themes like women’s role in society, death and change. A．The Garden Party B．The Green Room C．To the Lighthouse D．Daisy Miller 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：《到灯塔去》是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫最具自传体色彩的小说，它围绕女性在社会中的角色、死亡和变化等主题展开了一系列的思考而非情节的描写。A. The Garden Party《花园聚会》；B. The Green Room《候场室》；C. To the Lighthouse 《到灯塔去》；D. Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》。由“Virginia Woolf”可知，Virginia Woolf是To the Lighthouse《到灯塔去》的作者。故选C项。 2．事故现场 Scenery:指某地总的自然景色或风景全貌。 Sight:既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，多指人工的事物，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。 View:1.常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换。 2.视野=sight 3.观点跟opinion同义。 根据本句句意可知，D选项正确。 3．The broken window was the that the house had been broken into. A．evidence B．expression C．scenery D．function 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查名词。A. evidence证据； B. expression表达； C. scenery风景； D. function功能。句意：弄坏的窗户是这所房子被破门而入的证据。故选A。 4．It has been proved that there is a(n) ______ between smoking and certain diseases. A．connection B．description. C．expression D．concentration 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
精编高考英语阅读理解真题汇编180篇 （2014-2017） 1 (2017年北京卷) It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn‘t kn each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before. Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,―Paris‘s eye rolled back,‖ Taylor says. ―She st was an emergency.‖ It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, ―Does anyone know CPR?‖ CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person‘s chest so that blood mov through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly. Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,‖ says Taylor. 1. Two more ran to get the Taylor‘s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 91 school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris‘ heartbeat returned. ―I know I was really lucky,‖ Paris says now. ―Most people don‘t survive this. My team s Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
高考英语语法总结 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） " 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后 要还原to I 'd like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET 1995） A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C） 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
【英语】历年全国高考英语代词试题汇总及答案 一、单项选择代词 1．— How much salt did you put in the soup? 一 Oh, sorry! . I forgot. A．Little B．Nothing C．None D．Few 【答案】C 【解析】 考查不定代词。A. Little少许；B. Nothing无事，无物；C. None没有任何东西；D. Few很少。上句：你在汤里放了多少盐？下句：我忘了放盐。也就是一点也没有，故选C。 2．— You seem busy these days. —Yes. I’m writing a story. You know, it’s really not easy to write ______ with attractive plots. A．this B．it C．one D．that 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：你近些天看起来很忙。是的，我在写故事，你知道，写一个有吸引力的情节的故事不容易。.it／one ／that三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词.一般说来,it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物.one与that虽可用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于a／an ＋名词; that为特指,相当于the ＋名词.所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a／an ／some ／any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that。前面提到是a story，故选择C。 考点：考查it,one,that用法区别 3．Jack Ma, the founder and chairman of China’s Alibaba Group, has a $28.6 billio n fortune, ______making him the richest person in China. A．it B．one C．that D．which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 试题分析：考查代词。句意：中国阿里巴巴集团创始人兼董事长马云拥有286亿美元的财富，这使他成为中国首富。分析句子结构可知，此处用one代替前面的a $28.6 billion fortune，实际上是它的同位语，后面的making him the richest person in China.是现在分词作后置定语修饰one，注意此处不是非限定性定语从句，如果是非限定定语从句的话应该用makes而不是making，所以不能选which，故选B。 考点：考查代词 4．I’d appreciate ______ if you would pick me up at seven this evening. A．hat B．this C．it D．you
高考英语专题【语法填空】限时训练汇编02语法填空答题技巧点拨
提 示 词 为 动 词 高考英语专题【语法填空】限时训练题02 （请在30分钟内完成） 语法填空（共10小题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式(每空至多3词)。 A In human history，many ancient and splendid civilizations were born and died. China is the only country ____1____ uninterrupted human civilization. Chinese civilization was born on the shores of the Yellow R iver. And the rich land ____2____ Chinese civilization began is Henan Province. The Yellow River goes across ____3____ (center) Henan. It is China's main north-to-south and east-to-west artery(干线)．China's most ancient tribal ____4____(lead)，the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor，were born here. Even today，Chinese people all over the world still ____5____(proud) call themselves the descendants(后裔) of these two emperors. The river holds ____6____ unshakable position in the heart of every Chinese，____7____(respect) by every generation and called “the Mother River”．With intelligence，hard word and determination，Chinese descendants pursue coexistence and common prosperity on this land. The 5464-km-long Yellow River breaks the last barrier and flows into the broad plain，____8____ (form) the cradle(摇篮) of Chinese civilization. Till now，the Yellow River ____9____(raise)13 dynasties' capital Luoyang，8 dynasties'
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编及答案解析（11） 摘要：阅读理解题的“三步法”：1．略读。目的是了解短文的主旨大意和便于迅速掌握短文的语篇结构。2．查读。同学们要先通读题干，做到胸中有数；再将短文读第一遍，锁定某些特定信息进行快速阅读，迅速选出最佳答案；先易后难，先做细节题，后做推论题。3．重读短文重点。核查。同学们做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。 When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job,she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. For her drive and creativity in overcoming those challenges,she’s been named national teacher of the year. Principal Waynes Kettler said he’s worked with many outstanding teachers in his22years as an educator,but Peterson is“just that one step above anybody I’ve ever worked with before.” Kettler and others at Monte Cristo Elementary School talk about the ways she has introduced the learning from other classrooms into her music program and her creativity in working around things such as the lack of money for new music. When students were reading S.E.Hinton’s novel The Outsiders in their regular classroom, Peterson helped them write a30-minute play with scenes from the book.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused no race,equality and social justice,the themes of the book.Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book. The honor means a lot to residents of Granite Foils.It’s inspiring to know that people from small towns own even win national honors. As national teacher of the year,Peterson will spend the next year outside the classroom, as a national and international spokeswoman for education. Not surprisingly,She is a big believe in the value of arts education.She said it’s essential for schools to offer classes such as art or music and physical education because for some kids one of those subjects is the only thing that motivates them to come back to school day after day. 65.The underlined word“daunting”in Paragraph1most probably means__________. A. discouraging B.interesting C.creative D.unbearable
名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时，指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。
历年全国高考英语情态动词试题汇总及答案 一、单项选择情态动词 1．The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed. A．shouldn’t B．couldn’t C．wouldn’t D．mightn’t 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词。句意：无论她怎么使劲推，门就是打不开。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. couldn’t 不能够；C. wouldn’t不愿意；D. mightn’t可能不。will及其过去式would均可表示一种倾向性、习惯。故选C。 2．He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he ________ be quite charming when he wishes. A．shall B．should C．can D．must 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意：他是个脾气不好的家伙，但当他希望自己有魅力的时候，他可以变得相当可爱。此处表示“能、可以”，故C项正确。 3．— Mum, little Ray broke his toys again! —It doesn't matter. You see, accidents _____happen. A．shall B．should C．must D．will 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意：——妈妈，小雷又弄坏了他的玩具。——没事的，你看，意外总会发生。A. shall将要，会；B. should应当；C. must必须；D. will总是。Will可以表示习惯，意思为“惯于，总是”。故D选项正确。 【点睛】 will/would是情态动词，其表达的意思如下。 (1)表示意志或意愿：决心，愿意，……好吗? We will do our best to save the child. 我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。 I told her to stop crying, but she just wouldn’t listen. 我叫她别哭，可她就是不愿听。 注：表示请求、建议或征求对方意见时，用Would you…? 比用Will you…?更婉转。如：Will/Would you please keep the door open? 请让门开着好吗? Will/Would you go with me? 你愿意和我一起去吗? (2)表示真理或习惯：惯于，总是。如：
2019年高三一模语法填空汇编 1.上海市黄浦区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型 Just How Buggy is Your Phone? What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say 21. __________ toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them. In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before 22. __________ (die) from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally 23. __________ (confess) to the crime. 24. __________ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That’s biological information.” It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from 25. __________ of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Someday in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to