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宾语从句用法详解

宾语从句用法详解
宾语从句用法详解

宾语从句用法详解

一.宾语从句的定义

置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing 形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。

二.宾语从句中引导词的用法

在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:

连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if

代词:who, whose, what ,which

副词:when ,where, how, why 等。

(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:

say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。

例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。

例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

在以下情况中that不能省略

1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第

一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。

例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand

the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that

一般不可省。

例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that

our master was wearing his fine green coat and his

black silk cap.

3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。

例句:I can’t tell him that his mother died.

注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。

例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

(二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether 是不能互换的。

例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句

1.在带to的不定式前

例句:We decided whether to walk there.

2.在介词的后面

例句:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the

film.

3.在动词后面的宾语从句时

例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next

week

4.直接与or not连用时

例句:I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.

只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句

1.if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”

例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时

例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.

3.引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时

例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.

(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。

例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。

例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

三.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下:

1.I don’t know what they are looking for.

2.Could you tell me when the train will leave?

3.Can you imagine what kind of man he is?

四.宾语从句的时态

1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

2.主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

例句:She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work

on time.

3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句

是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。

例句:The teacher told his class that light travels

faster than sound.

五.宾语从句的特点

1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。

2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。

3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,

多数情况下可以省略。

4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟

or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。

5.如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.

使用口诀法学习初中英语语法

1.48个国际音标助记口诀

国际音标四十八、个个都要记清它,元音单、双二十整,辅音清、浊二十八。

单元音又分中、前、后,依次各有二、四、六,双元音数也是双,正好八个不要漏。

辅音虽多也别慌,清浊成对有十双,剩下[h][r][l][j][w],还有鼻音[m] [n] [?]。

有气无声清辅音,有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握。

2.be动词用法口诀

我用am,你用are,is连着他,她,它;

单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。

变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。

变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记。

疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。

3.开音节与闭音节区分口诀

开音节,音节开,一元字母在后排;不怕一辅堵后门,还

有哑e在门外。

闭音节,音节闭,一元字母生闷气;辅音字母堵后门,一元字母音短急。

4.英语词类口诀

句子要由词组成,英语词类有十种:

句中成分用实词,名、代、动、副、数、形容;

冠、介、连词和感叹,虚词附加或沟通;

词类功能掌握了,造句之时好运用。

5.英语语序口诀

主、谓、宾、表同汉语,定语有同也有异。状语位置更特殊,不能全和汉语比。

6.肯定句变一般疑问句口诀

have和be提句首,其它助词Do开头。时间、人称由do变,动词只把原形留。谓语助词有几个,第一助词提句首。

7.肯定句变否定句口诀

否定词语加not,放在be和have后;其它要加动词do,do的后面加not;

时间、人称由do变,动词原形总保留;谓语若是助词多,not紧跟第一个。

8.名词所有格变化口诀

名词只变数,不分主宾格。人和动物类,可变所有格。

撇后加s,相当汉语“的”。时间、距离等,也变所有格。

9.名词变复数口诀

单数变为复数式,加上“s”统言之。

下列结尾名词后,要加“s”先加“e”:

发音[∫][t∫][s]和[z],或是辅音加“o”时。

有些名词变复数,词尾变化要注意:

“y”前字母是辅音,一律变“y”为“ie”;

遇到“f/fe”,有时需要变“ve”;

少数名词不规则,特别情况靠硬记。

10.时间名词前所有介词的速记口诀

年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。

遇到几号要用“on”,上午下午又是“in”。

要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。

午夜黄昏用at,黎明用它也不错。

at也在时分前,说“差”用to,说“过”要用past。11.介词速记口诀

介词加宾语,才能有实意。表、定、状、宾、补,词组在句里。

in 在……里,out在……外,在旁边的是beside,靠近的为by。

on在……上,under在……下,above在上头,below在底下。

12.动词的时态变化口诀

四种时间各四式,联想对比便于记。

时间现在和过去,各自还有将来时。

一般、完成、进行式,完成进行是四式。

四四共有十六种,看来复杂掌握易;

除去have/be以外,动词变化有规律。

13.动词形式变化口诀

动词根本是原形,变化形式有四种:原形词尾加“s”,现在第三单人称;

过去原形加“ed”,过去分词也相同;原形加上“ing”,现在分词或动名。

原形词尾加“s”,如同名词复数式。若加“ed/ing”,以下情况要注意:

词尾有ie只加d,Ing去掉无声e;词尾ie变成y,然后再加ing;

辅音之后y结尾,y要变i加ed;现在分词不变y,直接加上ing;

词尾重读闭音节,结尾辅音都双写,r做结尾也一样,重读音节r双写;

结尾字母若是“t”,不是重读也双写。过去分词过去式,不按规则也有些。

14.基数词变序数词

基变序,有规律,词尾字母tdd。八减t,九减e,f要把ve替。ty把y变成i,记住山前有个e。

15.There be的位置和用法口诀

说明何时何地有,there be在主语前。随着主语第一个,be的形式做变换。

16.be going的用法口诀

be going是助动词,后跟加to不定式。说明“准备”或“就要”,时间人称只变be。

17.have+got用法口诀

have作为动词“有”,情态动词have;have got惯用语,got可有也可无。

若变否定疑问句,去掉got再加do;或把have提句首,not 加在have后。

18.冠词基本用法口诀

名词是秃子,常要戴帽子,可数名词单,须用a或an,

辅音前用a, an在元音前,若为特指时,则须用定冠the,复数不可数,泛指the不见,碰到代词时,冠词均不现。

19.反意疑问句用法口诀

反意问句三要点,前后谓语正相反;短句not如出现,必须缩写是习惯;最后一点应注意,短句主语代词填。

20.感叹句用法口诀

感叹句,并不难,what、how放句前;强调名词用what,其余用how很简单。

21.宾语从句用法口诀

宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。

陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。

二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。

三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。

22.感观使役动词记忆口诀

一感;feel;二听:hear,listen to;三使:make ,let ,have;

四看:look at,see,watch,notice

23.感观使役动词使用口诀

感使动词真奇怪,to在句中象妖怪;主动句里它走开,被动句里它回来;动词let要除外,to词可来可不来。

24.形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成口诀

结尾直加-er,-est属一般,详细构成方法逐一来侃谈。

一辅音结尾重读闭音节看,辅音双写-er,-est是习惯。

辅音加y(ly)除外有型感,按照去y,-er,-iest方法办。

上述皆属单音部分双音段,下面把多音节规律来看看。

词前加more,most此规律唤。规则变化到此已全都谈完。

有些不规则变化请你记全。“双好”better,best记的宽。

“坏病”worse,worst莫记乱。“双多” more,most不用

管。

“老、远”两种形式别记篡,“有点”less,least记清盼。

25.形容词和副词比较级和最高级用法口诀

一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。三者三者往上比,最

高级的用法起。

若要比项掌握齐,比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记,做

出句子没问题。

若甲乙程度相同,as…as 结构体。甲某方面不及乙,用 not

so/as…as来表示。

宾语从句在主句中作谓语动词或某个介词的宾语,它的位置在及物的谓语动词或介词之后。宾语从句的结构按结构来分,宾语从句可有以下三种情况:

1、陈述句作宾语从句,由连词that连接,

例如:I think that this answer is correct.(我认为这个答案是正确的。)that从句作及物动词think的宾语。

I know nothing about him except that he lives the next door.(我对他一无所知,只知道他住在我隔壁。)that从句作介词except 的宾语。

I’m sure that Mary will come here on time.(我相信玛丽会准

时来这儿的。)that从句作形容词sure的宾语。

上述从句中的that一般都可省去。

2、一般疑问句作宾语从句,由连词whether或if连接

I want to know whether/if you will come soon.(我想知道你是否马上来。)

I wonder whether/if you’d like to read the novel.(我想知道你要不要读这部小说。)

[难点解释] 1、if和whether引导宾语从句时一般可以互换使用,但宾语从句中有or not时(意思为“或不是”,“或没有”),则用whether…or not。例如:I am not sure whether it will be fine or not tomorrow.(我不能肯定明天天气是好还是不好。)

2、用if引导的宾语从句,有时会与条件状语从句相混淆。例如:Please let me know if he wants to see me. 此句既可看作宾语从句,译为:“请告诉我他是否要见我。”又可看作条件状语从句,译为:“如果他要见我,请告诉我。” 为了避免这种混淆,此类句子最好用whether来代替if:Please let me know whether he wants to see me.

3、特殊疑问句作宾语从句由疑问代词who、whom、whose、what、which等或疑问副词when、where、how、why等引导,例如:Do you know when the meeting will begin?(你知道会议什么时候开始?)Can/Could you tell me who teaches us English?(你能告诉我谁教我们英语吗?)Do you know which is

faster, a car or a plane?(你知道飞机和小汽车哪一个快?)I was surprised at what he had done.(他所做的事使我吃惊。)what 从句是介词at的宾语。I wonder how much these shoes cost.(我不知道这些鞋子多少钱。)Jiao Yulu always thought of how he could do more for the Party and the people.(焦裕禄经常考虑如何能为党和人发多做些工作。)

[难点解释] 1、含有宾语从句的复合句的标点符号,应根据主句来定,例如:Ask him whose book this is.(问他这是谁的书。)I don’t know what time the film begins.(我不知道电影几点开始。)Do you know what time the film begins?(你知道电影几点开始吗?)2、由连词whether/if引导的宾语从句可由一般疑问句转化而来;由疑问代词和疑问副词引导的宾语从顺可由特殊疑问句转化而来,应该注意这两种宾语从句和that引导的宾语从句一样,要用陈述句语序,不可用疑问句语序,主、谓语语序不能颠倒。试比较:I don’t know if will it rain.(误)I don’t know if it will rain.(正)Can you tell me what time is it?(误)Can you tell me what time it is?(正)

[补充说明]1、宾语从句后,如有宾语补足语,一般用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句移到后面。例如:We all think it a pity that John is too young to join the army.(我们都为约翰由于年龄太小不能当兵而可惜。)

2、在形容词glad, happy, afraid, sure等后面的从句,一

般称为宾语从句。例如:I am glad that you are all here.(你们都在这儿我很高兴。)但有的语法书上把这种从句称为状语从句。

宾语从句用法详解

宾语从句用法详解(例句丰富) 一、宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导:1. that引导 We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。 The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。 I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。 I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建议我们第二天走。 We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。 The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。 2. whether / if引导 I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。 I didn’t kn ow whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。 I’ll see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能劝他接受。 I asked her whether she agreed. 我问她是否同意。 He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。 I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。 She di dn’t say if he was still alive. 她没说他是否还活着。 3. 连接代词引导 I don’t know who [whom] you mean. 我不知道你指谁。 Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。 I’Il do whatever I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。 You can take whichever you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。 We’ll do whatever we can to save h im. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。 Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。 Give it to whoever you like. 你把它爱给谁就给谁。 You don’t know what you are talking about. 你在说什么,你自己也不知道。 Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected. 明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。

(完整版)英语中宾语从句用法及例句总结(完整)

宾语从句用法及其例句 宾语从句用法 时态: 1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。 2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。 3.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。 一、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句, if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏? The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

宾语从句用法讲解

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