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2011考研英语强化写作电子讲义

主讲:王江涛

欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材


第一节

一、 课程安排:
1、 考研写作总论:
1) 最新真题
2) 学习方法
2、 段落写作:
1) 框架结构
2) 启承转合
3、 大作文万能框架:
4、 大作文总结:考研写作六大必考话题
5、 小作文:
1) 书信类应用文:书信、备忘录、报告
2) 摘要:
3) 告示类应用文:

二、 最新真题:
Part B
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)



考研大作文四大必考段落:
? 1) 图画/表描述:
? 97-10共13考
? 2) 意义阐释:00-10共11考
? 3) 建议措施/归纳结论:
? 92-10共17考
? 4)举例论证: 01,04,07共3考


As is symbolically illustrated in the portrayal, there is a boiling hot pot containing various ingredients of multi-cultures. These pluralistic cultures can be categorized as celebrities home and abroad as Bi Sheng, Lao She, Shakespeare and Einstein, philosophical concepts as Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, benevolence, ritual, humanism, Enlightenment, post-modernism and deconstruction, as well as performing arts as Beijing Opera, Gong Fu, Liang Zhu and Swan Lake. We are informed that the culture “hot pot” is both delicious and nutritious.

三、 学习方法:

考研写作参考资料:
王江涛的博客:https://www.doczj.com/doc/a27240547.html,/jtwang
首页左侧:分类:考研复习:2010考研成绩交流贴
《2011考研英语高分写作》(王江涛编著,群言出版社,2010年3月版)
《仙之道长的考研写作课》(王江涛著,陕西师范大学出版社,2010年9月版)

1、 背诵:20大必背范文,滚瓜烂熟!脱口而出!多多益善!
2、 默写:仔细对比原文,发现写作弱点
3、 仿写:提高写作实力!

考研写作六大必考话题:

? (1)健康:2考,96、97
? (2)两代关系:3考
? 92、03、05
? (3)环境:4考
? 91、99、00、09小
? (4)爱心:3考
95、01、06小
(5)文化:5考
? A. 文化交流:02、10
? B. 流行文化:93、06、09
? (6)青年面对社会:4考
? 03、04、07、08

四、时间分配
2:00——2:15 写作A节
2:15——2:50 写作B节
2:50——4:00 阅读A节
4:00——4:20 阅读B节
4:20——4:40 阅读C节
4:40——5:00 完形填空

第二节

一、 考研大作文框架结构:
3段,12句左右,160-250词,5-7个关联词,5-7个从句(多多益善)
1、Introduction:第一段,3句左右
1)图画/表作文:图画/表描述
(1)General description:总体描述(人物+动作+环境或数据变化

规律),1句
(2)Details 1, 2, 3:细节描述(挖掘细节词,串联成句),1句
(3)Caption/Symbolic meaning:文字说明或象征寓意,1句
2)提纲/情景作文:现状说明
(1)Background information:背景交代,1句
(2)General talk of the topic:引出主题,1句
(3)Thesis: state specifically what your opinion is:确立论点,1句

大作文四大要素
? 1)描述:第一段,图画描述
? 2)象征寓意:1句,全文中心思想,首段尾句或二段首句,承上启下,画龙点睛
? 3)分析:第二段,意义阐释
? 4)评论:第三段,建议措施

2、Body: 第二段,意义阐释,5句左右
1)Topic sentence:Symbolic meaning,主题句,象征寓意,1句
2)Argument:论证,3句左右,考研写作四大论证手段
(1) Cause and Effect:因果论证
(2) Exemplification:举例论证
A. Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.
B. I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).
C. This/These case(s) effectively clarify that…

考研写作三大钻石定律
? 1.写想到的第二个词或句子
? 2. 写的每个词或句子最好背过
3. 错误的复杂句不如正确的简单句

(3) 联系现实:以小见大,把握象征寓意,个体想为群体,具体想为抽象

02:
? Look!
? What a beautiful girl!
? She must be 20 years old,
? dressing some jewels and accessories.
She looks like one of my classmate,
? only a bit fatter.
? She is smiling like an angler to me.
? How I wish to take a photo with her !!!
?
? become international
? 走向世界
? 这个美国小女孩代表很多外国人。 The American girl represents a great many foreigners.
? 中式传统服装象征着中国文化。
? The traditional Chinese costume symbolizes Chinese culture.
美国小女孩穿着中式服装这个事实证明了中国文化走向了世界。
? The fact that(引导同位语从句) the American girl wears traditional Chinese costume indicates/suggests that(引导宾语从句) Chinese culture has been accepted internationally.

(4)正反论证:
3)Summary:小结,概括论证,总结本段,1句
3、Conclusion:第三段,归纳结论/建议措施,4句左右
1)Concluding sentence:结论句,呼应象征寓意,1句
2)Suggestions 1、2:两句结论或两点建议(针对双方提建议),2句
3)包装结尾、展望未来:1句,考研写作三大优秀句型
(1)倒装句:Only in this way can we solve this problem.
只有这样我们才能解决这个问题。
(2)强调句:It is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping a considerable vocabulary.只有长期学习才有助于你掌握大的词汇量。
(3)虚拟语气:It is high time that we improved the present situation.

我们早就该改进现状了。

二、 启承转合:
李白《登金陵凤凰台》
凤凰台上凤凰游,凤去台空江自流。
吴宫花草埋幽径,晋代衣冠成古丘。
三山半落青天外,一水中分白鹭洲。
总为浮云能蔽日,长安不见使人愁。

1、启动观点,开篇点题
2、观点承接,正面论证
3、观点转折,反面论证
4、文章结尾,归纳结论

第三节

一、考研写作八大高分技巧:
? 1. 大量使用不同主语:以10为例
? 1) Multi-culture is vital.
? 2) I maintain that multi-culture is crucial.
? 3) It is essential.
? 4) (Promoting cultural development) is significant.
? 5) (To promote cultural development) is of great importance.
? It is of great importance (to promote cultural development).
? 6) (That we should promote cultural development) is of utmost significance.
? It is of utmost significance (that we should promote cultural development).
? 2.大量使用被动语态:
? 3. 大量使用主系表结构:
? 4.大量使用不同时态:
? 5.大量使用定语状语:
? 1)形容词、副词:
? 2)词组:
? a great many students
? the majority of students
? 3)不定式:
? a student (to crack NETEM)
? 4)介词短语: a student in NOS
? 5)分词短语:
? (1) 现在分词短语:
? a student (being 22)
? (2) 过去分词短语:
? a student (born in Beijing)
? 6)从句:定语/状语从句
? 6. 大量使用精彩词组:
? universally acknowledge
? 7. 大量使用精彩句型:
? It is universally acknowledged that …
? (Pride and Prejudice)
? 8、大量使用精彩从句:
? 小作文3-5个,
? 大作文5-7个,多多益善!
? 1)定语、状语、宾语从句
? 2)主语、表语、同位语从句

二、大作文万能框架:
? (一)第一段:
? 第一句:
? 08:
? with the rapid/speedy social and economic development,
? the number of the young who help each other sharply increases
? 09:the number of the young who (get on line) sharply increases.
? 10:
? 文化融合日益流行
? cultural integration is becoming increasingly popular.

第二句:
08
? In the picture, there are two disabled/handicapped young men/people who are supporting each other with their firm hands.
09:
? In the picture, there are a good many people who are surfing on line within a spider web.
10
? In the picture, there are various ingredients such as Bi Sheng, Lao She, Dao, kung fu in a hot pot.
第二段:
08
? cooperation
? Owing to (selfishness),
? the number of adolescents (cooperating with others) has obviously shrunk.
? how the juvenile could succeed
? society
09:
? communication
? Owing to (Internet),
? the number of adolescents (directly communicating with others) has obviously shrunk.
? real friendship and kinship
? society
10:
? cultural blending
? Owing to (globalizatio

n), the number of adolescents (admiring western culture) has obviously risen.
? our traditional culture
? society

第三段:
? necessary
? effective/some
? steps/actions
? legislate/enact/issue
? and regulations/rules
? regulate
? cultivate/increase
? extremely
? assume
? surmount
more brilliant

08:
? encourage teenagers to associate with others
? joint/cooperative efforts are
? 齐心协力、众志成城
? youngsters
? improve the present situation
09:
? Internet
? approaching others is
? youngsters
? improve the present situation
10:
? promote cultural development positively
? multi-cultures are
? splendid and glorious cultural heritage/legacy
? 辉煌灿烂的文化遗产
? improve the present situation

第四节

大作文总结:考研写作六大必考话题
? (一)健康:教材P.28
? physical health 生理健康
? mental fitness 心理健康
? keep optimistic 保持乐观
? pessimistic 悲观的
? commit suicide 自杀
? do physical exercises 进行体育锻炼
? well-balanced diet 均衡饮食
? infectious diseases 传染病
(二)环境:教P.29,31,讲P.15,16
? environmental protection 环境保护
? keep ecological balance 保持生态平衡
? sustainable development strategy
? 可持续发展战略
? save the energy 节约能源(节能)
? reduce the emission of greenhouse gases 减少温室气体排放(减排)
? greenhouse effect 温室效应
clean renewable energy 清洁可再生能源
? low carbon economy 低碳经济
? deforestation 滥砍滥伐
? desertification 沙漠化
? water and soil erosion 水土流失
? sandstorm 沙尘暴 snowstorm 雪灾
? typhoon 台风 flood洪水
? earthquake 地震
2010年春季/夏季中国西南地区遭受严重旱灾/水灾。
? The Southwest China was afflicted with severe drought/flood in the Spring/Summer of 2010.
2010年4月14日青海省玉树地区发生了一场灾难性破坏性地震。
? A disastrous and destructive earthquake occurred in Yushu of Qinghai Province on April 14, 2010.
(三)爱心:教P.33,讲P.13
? 1. 责任:duty/responsibility
? 责任感:sense of responsibility
? 承担:shoulder/assume/undertake
? 逃避:avoid/shun/shirk
? 2. 奉献:devote/devotion/
? dedicate/dedication
? 3. 职业道德:
? professional ethics
? 欺诈行为:dishonest behaviors
? 伪劣产品:fake commodities
(四)文化:
? 1. 文化交流:教P.38,讲P.14
? 文化交流:cultural exchange
? 文化融合:cultural integration/blending
? 多元文化:multi-culture,
? mosaic culture, pluralistic culture
? 保存珍惜:preserve and cherish
? 取其精华:absorb its essence
? 去其糟粕:resist its dark side
2.流行文化:popular culture
教P.45,48,讲P.14
? 偶像崇拜:idol worship
? 上网成瘾:web addiction
? 数码产品:digital products
? 电子游戏:electronic

games
? 手机入网:
? mobile-phone subscription
手机短信:text message
(五)青年面对社会:
教P.41,43,46,47,讲P.13
? 1. 独立:independence
? 溺爱:doting care
? 独生子女:only children
? 2. 坚持:persistence
? 成功:success
? 创新:innovation
? 奋斗精神:striving spirit
? 拼搏精神:determined spirit
? 人生观:outlook of life
3. 信心:confidence
? 困难:difficulty 挑战:challenge
? 金融危机:financial crisis
? 甲流:H1N1
? 就业:employment
? 4. 合作:cooperation/teamwork
? 团队精神:team spirit
? 齐心协力/众志成城:
? joint/cooperative efforts
(六)两代关系:教P.41,44
? 代沟:generation gap
? 老年人:old/aged people,
? the old/aged/elders/elderly, senior citizens
? 虐待:abuse错误
? mistreat, maltreat, ill-treat(ment)
? 赡养:do good to, care, look after, take care of, financially support

第五节

一、摘要:
? 解题步骤:
? 1、总结中文摘要:2分钟
? 总结中心句(段首或段尾句)
? 2、中译英:13分钟
题目大小写:
? 1、实词首字母大写,虚词小写
? 1)实词:
? 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词
? 2)虚词:介词、冠词、连词
? 2、首尾两单词首字母大写
摘要复习方法:
? 1、积累词汇:
? 社会科学、自然科学、人文科学
? 来源:历年真题
? 2、背诵范文:
二、告示:
? 1. 招募通知
? 2. 招新启事
? 3. 个人简历
三、书信格式:(关系亲密即私人书信,关系不亲密即公务书信)
(一)称呼:
1、写给机构:Dear Sir or Madam,
2、写给个人:Dear Mr. Wang, Dear Bob, Dear Editors, Dear Mr. Whitman/Ms. Monroe,
(二)正文:3段,7句左右,100-130词,3-5个关联词,3-5个从句
1、第一段:2句左右
1)自我介绍(私人书信除外):
(1)工作人员:
05年:I am a staff member from your company/corporation.
06年:I am a staff member from Motorola(China)Electronics Ltd.
(2)学生:I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.
2)写作目的:书信的中心思想,改写提纲一
(1)05年:I am writing the letter for purpose of resigning from my current post/position.
(2) 06年:I am writing to inform you that I wish to request if you could help me find a potential beneficiary of Project Hope.
2、第二段:改写提纲二,3句左右
1)主题句:1句
2)分论点一:1句
3)分论点二:1句
3、第三段:2句左右,(改写提纲三)
1)表示感谢(私人建议信除外):
(1) My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.
(2) Words fail me when I wish to express my sincere gratitude to you.
(3) I take this opp

ortunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you render me.
2)期待回信:
(1)I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
(2)I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
(3)Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.
(三)落款:
1、结尾客套:Yours sincerely,
2、签名: Li Ming

四、课后复习
? 1. 通读教材、消化笔记
? 2.背诵、默写、仿写: 20大必背范文,滚瓜烂熟!!!脱口而出!!多多益善!!!
3. 总结框架、考前模考

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