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福师大写作与翻译10-17年真题史上最完整版.docx

福师大写作与翻译10-17年真题史上最完整版.docx
福师大写作与翻译10-17年真题史上最完整版.docx

福建师范大学学科教学(英语) 写作与翻译 10~17 年真题史上最完整版

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2010

I. Writing (40 points)

Directions: Write an article of about 200 words on the following title:

On the Relationship between Language Input and Language Output in English Teaching and Learning in China

II. Writing (35 points)

Directions: Write an article of about 200 words on the following title:

Ways of Crossing Psychological Barriers in Practising Oral English in China

III. Translation from English into Chinese (35 points)

Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese:

Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as

a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented. There is a great technological explosion around us, generated by science. This explosion is already

freeing vast numbers of people from their traditional bondage to nature, and now at

last we have it in our power to free mankind once and for all from the fear which is

based on want. Now, for the first time, man can reasonably begin to think that life

can be something more than a grim struggle for survival. But even today, in spite of

the high standard of living which has become general in the more fortunate West,

the majority of people in the world still spend nearly all their time and energy in a

never-ending struggle with nature to secure the food and shelter they need. Even in

this elementary effort millions of human beings each year die unnecessarily and wastefully from hunger, disease, or flood.

IV. Translation from Chinese into English(40 points)

Directions: Translate the following passage into English:

普通的读者阅读一篇文章或小说,主要是为了获取有关的信息,即文章的内容和小说讲述的故事。文学批评家关注的可能是小说的主题、人物形象的塑造、小说的语言特点以及社会意义等。译者则不但要了解原文

的内容,还必须分析原文的内容是如何表达的。这是将原文转换成译入语前必不可少的准备工作。对原文分

析得越透彻,准备工作做得越充分,翻译起来就越顺,越容易译出比较忠实原文的译文来。这种认真的工作

态度也是对翻译工作者的一个基本要求。

2011

I. Translation From English to Chinese (50 points)

Directions: Read the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET.

If you ’ve been in China for a while you’ve probably noticed that there are some

words that instantly quiet down a group of Chinese people.Utter‘Mao’ or‘Cultural Revolution’ and you may notice discussion grind to a halt but the effect of these words is nothing compared to the pained silence that falls over the group when the word

‘gaokao’ is spoken. The gaokao- literally‘high test’ -is the biggest test in the

world:every year around 10 million young Chinese just about to graduate from high school take the test that will determine their future;and,at least for the students and their families,it is the most important test they will ever take. It grips the entire nation, every year from June 6th to9th or so cities quiet down, the d in of horns recedes,parents take their children to hotels near the test site to avoid traffic jams and aid concentration, and it starts to feel like a Wild West town right before the shooting

begins. While the gaokao is not the first big test Chinese schoolchildren take—there are also tests to enter elementary and middle school—it is the biggest. The results

of the exam determine the student’s entrance to college, or not, their future major,

and which university they can attend.The history of entrance exams in China dates back to the birth of modern universities and to the tenets of Confucianism.The gaokao emerged in its current incarnation right after the Cultural Revolution. The first gaokao was

administered in 1977 and because of the chaos and damageto the educational system during the previous decade students of all ages and educational backgrounds were allowed to

test. In years since, the Ministry of Education has been in charge of administering

the exam although the test differs from region to region. The psychological pressure

on the students is brutal. For years parents enroll them in weekend academies and spend loads of moneyon private tutors. University education in China is essentially free —you have to pay a fee for books and housing—but the amount of money many parents spend

on their children’s education is mind-boggling when compared to their means. Paying

100 yuan or more an hour for a foreign English tutor is a major investment for

even middle-class Chinese.

II. Translation From Chinese to English (50 points)

Directions: Read the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into English. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET.

肩负培养中小学英语师资之重任的高师英语教育必须坚持1-4年级始终把听说读写译的技能训练放在首

位考虑,而不是一味强调教学理论、教学实践和教学技巧的重要性。首先,这里不是孰轻孰重的问题,而是

孰先孰后的问题。举例来说,一个英语教师本身的听说读写译水平低下,能指望他靠教学理论或教学经验来

培养出尖端的英语人才吗笔者经常接触来自中学英语教师的教育硕士研究生,他们选择了中学英语写作教改

实验的课题,但他们自己用英语撰写的硕士论文中辞不达意,语法错误,汉式英语,语篇衔接混乱等问题比

比皆是。我们与其讥笑他们,还不如反思我们长期以来高师英语教育是否把握了孰先孰后的教学中的。从“守土有责”角度看问题,师傅“武艺”不高,如何培养出“武艺”高强的徒弟徒弟“武艺”不高,又如何培养

出“武艺”高强的徒弟的徒弟因此,高师院校英语专业建设在1-2 年级基础阶段,专注于听说读写译基础训

练是防止英语水平基础不扎实而“误入”中小学师资队伍,形成一种误人子弟的恶性循环。

III. Writing (50 points)

Directions:The Ministry of Education called for the beginning of English teaching in elementary education. This practice has been around for manyyears now. What’s your viewpoint on English educa tion at the elementary level of China’s education You are required to advance your personal point of view and support your argument with sufficient evidence in about 300 words.

2012

Section A : From English to Chinese

Directions:Read the following text carefully,and then translate the passage into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (50 points)

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Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the entire Party and society, working hard under the leadership of the Party ’s three generations of central collective leadership with the Comrades Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zeming at

the core,and the Party ’s Central Committee with ComradeHu Jintao as General Secretary, have blazed a road to develop socialist education with Chinese characteristics, established the world ’ s largest education system,and guaranteed the right to education for billions of https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25629874.html,cation funding is growing by large margins,while school-running conditions have improved dramatically;education reform is going steadily in depth, as school-running proficiency is rising without letup. Since the

century, free compulsory education has become the norm in urban beginning of the 21

st

and rural areas, while vocational education has made headway fast. In the meantime,

higher education reached the new stage of the popularization, as rural education grew

in strength. Remarkable progress has also been made in achieving education equally.

Education development has vastly enhanced the quality of the entire nation,and stimulated innovation in science,technology and cultural prosperity,there by making irreplaceable and significant contributions to China’s economic growth, social progress, and the betterment of people’s livelihood. In the intervening y ears, our nation has accomplished the transition from a populous nation to nation to a nation

with larger scale of human resource.

II: Translation From Chinese to English(50 points)

Directions : Read the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into English. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

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考虑到小学其他课业的繁重负担和英语环境的缺失,比较可靠的信息来源似乎只能是教材提供的短小趣味

英语故事。如何教授基础语法结构是一个问题,而必须教授基础语法结构却是无法回避的另一个问题,因为

再有兴趣的英语故事对于小学英语入门者来说都离不开对基础语法结构的了解。由此看来,“防止和纠正以教授语音和语法等语言知识为主的做法”是需要具体分析的。首先,小学英语教学必须以教授英语语音为主,

其内容包括一般生活用语、词组、句子和短小语篇的朗读,包括辅音、原因、不完全爆破、意群连读、轻重

节奏,等等,不求多,但求相对准确。其次,基础语法教学如何体现“兴趣”二字,可以成为大家继续探索

的课题,但出偏题、出难题,让小学生回到家里到处请教连大人都无法给出满意答案的语法问题,必须杜绝!

最后,如果小学英语教育要践行科学发展观,小学升初中必须取消显性或隐性的英语考试,因为这涉及到教

育公平的原则问题——在义务教育的初始阶段,怎么可以让未拥有合格英语教师的小学生与拥有合格英语教

师的小学生进行同台“表演”和PK当代中国小学生的童年非常无奈地被“智育第一”所占用,快乐童年如果

有的话,恐怕也是及其有限的。学会相对准确的英语发音,对英语有那么一点感性认识后,是否应该让孩子

享受一点以母语为依托的快乐言语人生呢

III. Writing (50 points)

What’s your opinion on the statement that it is important to improve our students ’spoken English in China ’s context . You are required to advance your personal points of

view and support your personal argument with sufficient evidence in 300 words.

2013

(75 points)

Section A : From English to Chinese

Directions : Read the following text carefully, and then translate the passage into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)

The reason that had been offered thus far for using contextualized language practice materials have been largely on the intuitive appeal of such an approach.Most second-language educators would agree, at least in theory, with the idea of learning

and practicing language in meaningful contexts is more appealing for both students and teachers than learning isolated bits of language through extensive memorization and

drilling.Yet the rationale foe contextualizing and personalizing classroom activities should not rest solely upon intuition. When one examines various theories of language comprehension and learning, it becomes clear that additional support can be found for

the use of authentic or simulated authentic input in listening and reading, as well

as meaningful and contextualized materials for encouraging language production.

Section B : From Chinese to English

Readthe following text carefully,and then translate the passage into English.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (45 points)

许多语言学者试图理解外语口头语篇或书面语篇时,尤其是在语言学习的早期阶段,都在不同时刻体验到

所产生的困难和挫败感。哪些是理解困难的部分原因为什么有些语篇比另一些语篇更难理解语言学习者如何

以不同方式完成听力或阅读任务来提高理解力教师如何“装备”学生使听力或阅读材料对他们来说易被领会

当我们审视多年来人们提出的各种理解理论时,当我们审视有关理解过程的现有研究时,对上述以及其它问

题的答案就不难发现了。

II.Writing (75 points)

Section A :

Some teachers of English hold the opinion that it is more important to focus on

content than the language on points foreign language teaching and learning while others think otherwise. Please state your opinions on their dispute. You should write about 200 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)

Section B :

Nowadays audio-lingual are abundant on the Internet and yet there is no evidence

to show that learners of English are able to speak English better than who learned

English without the sameresources. Please account for this phenomenon. You should write more than 250 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (45 points)

2014

I. Translation from English to Chinese (英译汉,50分):

LANGUAGE LEARNING APTITUDE

A person ’s cognitive predisposition to learn a foreign language is commonly

referred to as aptitude . Aptitude is another way of saying“knack of languages,”

and like“having a good ear for languages,” it is one of those myths used to explain why some people succeed while others fail. Strictly speaking, language learning

aptitude is the cognitive capacity to learn a foreign language. In a classroom

situation, a person with high language aptitude can usually master foreign language

material faster and better than someone with lower aptitude. Thus, several studies

show strong a strong relationship between language aptitude and grades in

foreign language courses.

WHAT CAN LANGUAGE APTITUDE TELL US

There are several standardized tests that measure language learning aptitude.They predict how fast and how well an individual can learn foreign language under formal classroom conditions, when the emphasis is on grammatical accuracy and memorization. However, these tests may not be such good predictors of how well people can learn

to communicate in foreign language, especially if they have the opportunities to

practice in real-life situations. In other words, language aptitude tests may

predict ability to learn formally and analytically,but they may not be as reliable

in measuring the ability to learn unconsciously and intuitively. Language success

may ultimately depend on persistence. You may have the potential to be a

brilliant language learner, but if you fail to put effort into it, chances are you will

not learn much. A good combination of talent and perseverance is ideal.

II. Translation from Chinese to English (汉译英,50分)

不掌握大量词语,就无法用外语表达、理解、阅读和写作。因此,词汇学习是掌握外语的核心所在。

学习词语有两种常见方法。

直接法。直接词汇学习法致学生专注于词汇表或完成各种各样的词汇练习。大部分学习者通过这种

方法学习高频词,学习所学语言中以供生存需要的高频词。直接法花时间,花精力。因此,这方面的高

十分有限是一大幸事。

接法。正因需要学会大量,因此直接学法就得不了。既然大量是通和听力学会的,你就必采用一些策略来接的理生,而不是死硬背。在接学法

程中,你注于完成某一言任,比如达或努力理解口或面信息。在一程中,你最有可能

学会很多新目。

III. Write a passage of about 300 words to argue for or against the possible practice of making no difference in college entrance examinations for candidates either to study natural sciences or humanities or social sciences. ( 50分)

Arguing for Un differentiated Practice

in College Entrance Examinations

Or

Arguing Against Un differentiated Practice

in College Entrance Examinations

2015

I. Translation from English to Chinese (英译汉,50分):

英老教育方面的。Non-native teacher并不是无所不知,能力有限,老不会全部掌握某一科

目的知??老要承自己的不知道??

II. Translation from Chinese to English (汉译英,50分)

也是英语教育方面的,本地老师与非本地老师。

(50 points)

Why do we need the English major in Chinese higher education institutions

2016

I. Translation from English to Chinese (英译汉,50分):

Jerome Bruner was one of the earliest proponents for scaffolding instruction. He

defines scaffolding as the process of setting up a situation to make the child’ s learning easy and successful and then gradually pulling back and handing the role to

the child as he becomes skilled enough to manage it.

Scaffolding is closely related to Vygotsky ’s theory of the zone of proximal development(ZPD). The ZPD refers to the distance between the actual development level

and the level of potential development. The actual development level is determined by independent problem solving, and the level of potential development through problem

solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers.Scaffolding instruction associates teaching with the ZPD, providing learners with support so

that they can reach a better development level than what they achieve through

working independently.

Six main types of instructional scaffolding can be identified in English teaching:·M odelling. Providing examples of what is expected from the students.

·Bridging. Build new concepts and language on previous knowledge and understandings.

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·Contextulising.Provide contextualisation of teaching content based on students ’experiences.

·Schema building. Help students build schema that connects knowledge and understanding.

· Re-presenting texts in a different genre through re-writing,adapting and acting-out.

·Developing metacognition. Encourage the the application of metacognitive learning strategies.

II. Translation from Chinese to English (汉译英,50分)

学习是由反复经验所引起的。由经验引起的学习主要有两种:一种是由有计划的练习或训练而产生的,如学生在学校中的学习;一种是由偶然的生活经历而产生的随机学习,如在生活中获得某些知识经

验的学习。所以,有些学习内容需要操练,但有些学习内容可以在很短的时间内掌握。

学习所引起的变化是主体与环境相互作用而产生的,是后天习得的,是学习者通过主体的作用而自我建构形成的。在建构的过程中,外在因素的作用是间接的,但却是重要的,因为只依靠内在因素学习

者不可能获得间接的经验。人类有很多经验是不能重复的,或者说重复的代价非常巨大,比如我们不能

通过每一代人亲身经历地球的诞生,也不能每一个地区的人都经历罗布泊的干旱来体验保护环境的重要

性,不可能也不能够让每一个人都经历第二次世界大战的法西斯集中营以体验Anne Frank 的苦难和生命的悲怆。在人类文化传承中,教师的作用之所以重要,就在于教师可以向学生直接传授间接经验,缩短

和减少下一代人获得人类有史以来生存发展的经验教训的时间与成本。

(50 points)300 words

v1.0可编辑可修改What is the role of linguistic proficiency and cultural proficiency in EFL reading

2017

英译汉:元认知在教学中的作用。

汉译英:人本主义中动机的影响因素,一页纸,文章很长。

写作: the effectiveness of applying the instructional media in the English classroom teaching.

英汉互译模拟题

21. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are. 只有当我们看东西不清楚时,我们才意识到我们的眼晴是多么地重要。 22. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. 这些远视的人们能看清远处的东西,但是他们读书却很困难,除非他们把书举到一臂远的距离处去看。 23. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. 同样的理论代代相传,而且总是正确。 24. Events that the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. 老一代记忆犹新的重大历史事件对年轻人来说不过是过眼烟云而已。 25. What they reject more than anything is conformity. 他们所厌恶的莫过于循规蹈矩。 26. These are not questions the old generations can shrug off lightly. 对于这些问题,老一代人确实不予附合。 27. Most customers who go to a supermarket buy from a shopping list. 大多数去超市的顾客都要按程序购物。 28. The comfort and convenience of shopping centers is another factor which makes them popular with customers. 购物中心舒适而且方便,这是超市受人的另外一个原因。 29. Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effort to change their life styles. 如果人们努力去改变生活方式,就能远离大多数的疾病。 30. Similarly all advertising of alcohol should be banned and compensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver disease. 同样所有的酒类广告都应当被禁止,对于那些因喝酒导致生病,最终死亡的人应当赔偿。

高级英语写作黄金句型和新词

1) With the rapid improvement in.../growing awareness of..., more and more.../sth.... 1 随着…的飞速发展/越来越多的关注,越来越… (e.g. With the considerable improvement in building industry, more and more structures are being erected to set the people's minds at ease.) 例:随着建筑业的大力推进,人们对建立越来越多的房屋建筑感到宽心。 2) Recently, sth./the problem of...has been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern. 2 近来,某事/某问题引起了人们的普遍关注/成了公众关注的焦点。 (e.g. Recently, the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter.) 例:近来失业问题引起了人们的普遍关注,各级政府已把它列为首要议程。 3) One of the universal issues we are faced with/that cause increasing concern is that... 3 我们面临的一个普遍问题是… /一个越来越引人关注的普遍问题 是… (e.g. One of the universal issues that draw (cause) growing concern is whether it is wise of man to have invented the automobile.) 例:一个越来越引人关注的普遍问题是,发明汽车是否为人 4) In the past few years, there has been a boom/sharp growth/decline in.. . 4 在过去的几年里,…经历了突飞猛进/迅猛增长/下降。 (e.g. In the past ten years, there has been a sharp decline in the number of species.) 例:在过去的几年里,物种数量骤然下降。 5) Nowadays, more/most important/dangerous for our society is... 5 如今对我们社会更(最)为重要的(危险的)事情是… (e.g. Nowadays, most dangerous for our society is the tendency to take advantage of each other in political circles.) 例:对我们社会最为危险的事情是政界倾向于互相利用。 6) According to the information given in the table/graph, we can find that... 6 根据图表资料,我们可以发现… 7) As can be seen from the table/graph/figure, there is a marked increase /decline/favorable (an unfavorable) change in... 7 根据图表(数字)显示,…明显增长(下降)/发生了有利(不利)变化。 8) As we can see from the table/graph/figure above, drastic/considerable/ great changes have taken place in...over the period of time from...(年份)to...( 年份) 8 据上面图表(数字)所示,从某年到某年某方面发生了剧烈的(相当大的;巨大的)变化。

英语写作能力指标体系与培养策略研究

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