2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译
注释：本文为书评，即对于某本畅销书的内容的评价，书评是考研外语中常见的一类文章，几乎每年都有，不过指望能得出什么固定模式是不可能的，因为你无法预测到底哪本书或者哪类书能上榜，更无法断定写这个评论的会是谁。该书为伊丽莎白席琳所著《时尚》，批评美国人（其实不光是美国，稍微有点钱的都这个德行）疯狂购买时尚服装，全然不管这些衣服到底能穿几次，更遑论环保和可持续发展。说实话，翻译本文时，我总想起一句很经典的话，女人总是对着装满衣服的柜子抱怨没衣服穿。
In the 2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by MerylStreep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains howthe deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departmentstores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends morequickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean lesswasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see
clothes as disposal——meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertisethat——and to renewtheir wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheapprices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
装变成了商标的附属品，换言之，顶多洗两次就扔，无论时装厂商怎么
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M tooffer a $ 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain naturalresources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.
过程中会产生大量有害化学物质，频繁更新还会造成自然资源的浪费。 “Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,”Cline argues, Americans, shefinds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person ——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introducedher ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her ownclothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on laborand the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change canonly be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to manyadvocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.
2013年考研外语阅读理解第二篇全文翻译
注释：任何软件开发商都在明里暗里收集客户的信息，最简单也是最为人所知的大概就是系统升级，这些都在后台而且大部分都在未知的情况下进行。通过这些信息采集，比如你经常上网浏览哪些网站，哪些点击率比较多，可以更快捷地了解客户的口味从而做出针对性服务。我在北京百度公司总部就见过这种，电子屏幕上实时更新着现在最高频的搜索词是哪个。虽然未必是恶意的，但在极端重视保护个人隐私的美国，这些事实上侵犯了个人隐私权。2010年起，美国政府要求所有网络公司注意这种信息采集，微软公司率先响应，其实这么做更多是个姿态，因为很难说到底网络流量中哪些算是个人隐私。但这样做却符合了大众的心理，不能不说，微软独霸天下确有其过人之处。
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching
what people search for, click on andsay online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.
有句老话，广告开销中一半是多余的。问题在于，你不知道哪些可以算到这一半里。不过，在理论上讲，互联网时代不至于到这个程度。因为只要统计一下大众搜索的热词，在线点击率的高低就很容易了解人们的口味。
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
近来，这种拉网式的信息统计开始受到质疑（fine-grained，纹理细密的），公众乐意被跟踪统计吗？这种数据采集又获得了谁的授权？
In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not wantto be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.
2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会（如无法正确翻译该词汇，可以直接写出简写FTC）建议互联网浏览器开发商在浏览器中加入“拒绝采集（DNT）”功能，点击它就可以发出后台信息，表明该用户不希望被采集。微软和苹果公司均已在其各自的勘探者和狩猎者浏览器中增加该功能（此处注意，通常的口语习惯直接称IE和Safari，但在正式的翻译中，必须译成各自的汉语词汇，这个地方一直存在争议，本文遵循主流译法，但我倾向于不必译出），谷歌公司表示会在今年在其铬浏览器中加入该功能。（2011年，补句，其实这个地方可以出题，让你猜是哪年）2月，FTC与数据广告联盟（此处当为枪版之误，adwertising错了一个字母）达成协议，允许各公司自行决定如何发送DNT请求（在DNT 问题上，美国各大公司的态度不一致，较为激进的微软公司设定浏览器为自动拒绝，除非用户主动同意，谷歌公司则认为应该由用户自行决定，所以说，业内cracking，分裂）。
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due toappear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.
5月31日，微软公司率先发布公告（Set off the row这个短语很有意思，set off出发，发起，row一行，所以是率先之意），配置于视窗-8操作系统的勘探者-10浏览器中将把拒绝采集设定为默认选项。
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unableto tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
尚不清楚各大公司会作何反应。发送DNT不等于可以叫停跟踪采集，用不着听那些旦旦誓言。现在还无法判断公众是愿意自行选择发送DNT还是像微软那样直接把DNT作为默认选项，（不过如果是前者，补句），可能会有用户忽略该选项而在不知情的情况下被采集。（解释一下，如果默认为DNT而必须主动选择，很多用户可能根本不知道有这个选项而出现不知情的后台操作，微软的做法可能有点偏激但从客户的角度似乎更合适。）
Also unclearis why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will becomethe norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacyofficer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control."Could it really be that simple?
现在也不清楚微软为何要甩开其他公司单干（gone it alone固定搭配，单干，多用于完成时态），毕竟（Atter all应为after all之误），它也是家需要数据采集的企业，然而它却明确表示将配合DNT，不过微软在如何做到这点上似乎也是一头雾水。如果微软是为了击败谷歌，那它必须采用DNT默认发送策略。虽然微软公司多方比较（意译，原意为同谷歌公司以前开发的产品相对比），但就视窗-8操作系统而言，DNT似乎不是什么叫座的亮点。微软首席隐私官，布兰登林奇宣称（bloggde未见此词，如果不是枪版的问题，我怀疑是blog guide，撰写博客的简写），“用户应当有更多的权限”可是，真是这么简单
2013年考研外语阅读理解第三篇全文翻译
注释：未来总是隐藏在迷雾中，借助已有的知识推测未来贯穿
于整个已知的和我可以预见的人类文明史，尤其在工业化和信
息化革命大幅度提升人类改造自然的能力并带来相当严重的后
果之后，注重实证的西方科学体系甚至产生了过去干脆叫神棍
的未来学。人类的未来如何，甚至于人类能否存在到下个世纪
甚至下个十年，争议一直不断，但我始终相信一点，在明天，
在黑暗之后，太阳照常升起
t he sun rises as usual。
我在本文翻译中大量使用了意译，并在后面给出了直译，强烈
提示，意译是一种很高的翻译技巧，按照考研判分的标准，如
果采用意译，基本可以肯定是要么满分要么零分，如果自己的
水平没有足够的把握，绝不要轻易使用。
U p until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely though by no 曾经，人类的未来似乎一片光明（意译，直译为前景辽阔，蒸
蒸日上，只是发展
各异）。科技的发展必定能治愈顽疾，满足需求，提供契
机。
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation 然而如今梦想已成灰（utopia乌托邦，unfashionable过时
的），我们要面对的是更可怕的现实，彗星撞地球、重度流
感，甚至气候变更。人类的未来看来一片灰暗（意译，直译为
你可能不知不觉地认为人类只有很少可期待的未来）。
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species ha 如果你这么认为，那你就错了（意译，直译为这种灰暗放错了
地方，gloominess黑暗，沮丧）。化石资料表明很多物种曾生
存百万年之久，凭什么认为人类不能？纵观地球生物史
（universe是太空之意，但考虑到地外生命尚无任何可靠证
据，还是转译为地球更合适），人类的辉煌不过是近几百年的
事情（人类完全具备对抗自然的能力是从工业革命时代开始起
的，农耕时代的人类文明可以自保，但开发利用自然那个时代
还称不上，所以我改变了这里的年代的对应译法，译注），较
之其他生物的数以万计的生存周期还早着呢。国际自然保护联
合会（全名为国际自然与自然资源保护联合会，总部设于瑞
士，本文中没有列出全名，也许是因为太长了？）濒危物种红
色名录中将智人（现代人的生物学名称，这两个词均为拉丁
文，译注）作为最不可能的濒危物种（从后文抽取过来，
least concern最不被担心的）列于其上，并配以如下注
释，“列入该物种饱受争议，因为该物种完全适应目前地球生
存条件，并仍处于持续发展中，尚无任何可能的威胁将导致
该物种数量的大幅减少。”
So what doesour deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organi 类未来何在？已经有越来越多的组织和个人开始认真思考这个
问题。这方面最知名的努力之一（flagship project旗舰项目）
莫过于美国恒今基金会（美国学者StewartBrand1994年成立
的非政府组织，主旨是思考人类未来，该组织在1999发起了
该组织最大的一项活动，用4200万美元建立一座万年钟，放
于Texas州深山里，依靠太阳能运作并对时，这是货真价实的
万年钟。额外说一句，提起来就恼火，笔者在1994年买了一
个万年钟，可以指示星期日月和阴历，没想到2006年就自动
跳回到了1994年，大概生产厂家也没想到它能运作这么久。
这个只能运行十二年的万年钟至今仍放在笔者的办公桌上，看
看它在保证电力运行的情况下
到底能扛多久，顺便也可以当个电子表用。译注）建造的一座
精密时钟（medicalclock医疗用时钟，转译为精密时钟，译
注），理论上讲，它可以准确
运行上千年。
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than ab 吃饱了撑的？也许（willfully固执任性），不过很有意思的是
推测一万年后的事物往往比推测明天要发生什么容易得多。人
类科学的飞跃，及其可能带来的社会影响已经远远超出了预
期，后天究竟会发生什么还是让科幻小说家和未来学家们去操
心好了（意译，直译为留待科幻小说家和未来学家们去研究将
要面对的可能）。这也就是为何要发行面向未来的“彩虹”刊物
的原因之一（此处可能不准，
叫Arc的组织和刊物书籍实在太多了）。
But take alonger view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with con term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species, to make evidence based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves 不过，总的说来，人类仍然能够在相当的程度上把握未来。毕
竟，未来源于过去（意译，直译为开启未来的钥匙在于过
去）。而人类对于地球和自身的历史已经有了相当的了解，基
于此也完全可以对未来如何做出有一定说服力的预测。
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more like 远眺未来，依旧美好（意译，直译为从长远看，对人类未来抱
着悲观的声音正在减弱），当然，不可能永远光辉普照（意
译，直译为未来不会总是玫瑰色，西方一直用玫瑰色形容光
明，可能出自荷马史诗，黎明女神垂着玫瑰色的手指升上了天
空，译注）。但我们已知该如何规划未来（意译，直译为我们已知该
如何降低威胁自身生存的威胁，并改善可能到来的风险）。2013年考研外语阅读理解第四篇全文翻译
去年，美国亚利桑那州发布了一项有史以来最严格的移民法案，移民必须随时携带身份证明，警方有权随时检查任何他们看着不顺眼的移民的证件。这项法案引起轩然大波。因为这直接违反了美国的公*民*权*益*保*障，官司打到最高法院，最高法院裁定该法案违反宪法，但该州有权检查移民身份证。表面上看这是一个各打五十大板的判决。
然而，这个法案的深层背景却是美国的立国政策，被称为合众国的美国由五十个州组成，作为最高当局的联邦政府与州政府之间并不存在上下级关系，奥巴马无权撤换某位州长。在美国历史上，联邦和州之间的权力分配一直是个困扰政界的大难题。亚利桑那州的移民法案虽然被认为侵犯*人*权*，但不违反宪法中的州自立条款。奥巴马对于该法案的反对除了对支持他的拉美等选民示好之外，从深层讲，未必没有试图加强联邦政府权力的意思。不过他虽然聪明，最高法院可也不笨。
我在以前的考研文章翻译中提过美国法律体系，这里再简单讲讲，美国司法独立，著名的法律面前人人平等即是美国最高法院大门上的铭文。最高法院由九人组成，为表示尊敬，通译为大法官，其中，位列第一，相当于最高法院院长的称为首席大法官。为确保美国司法的独立性，美国法官除非被弹劾否则不接受任何指控，除非本人自愿否则任期终生，其工资必须高于美国平均工资且不得减免（去年是二十二万美元，相当于美国平均工资的五倍）。美国立国近三百年，只有四名法官受到弹劾，可见其法官队伍的高素质。
Ona five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’simmigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power betweenthe federal government and the states.
In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.
大法官安东尼肯尼迪，他在这次表决中站在了首席大法官约翰罗伯特和
However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal statusof people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.
调一致，互通有无。
Two of thethree objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with thisConstitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted withthe federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice AntoninScalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going backto the alien and Sedition Acts.
认为该法案合法，但与联邦法律存在若干冲突。另外一位大法官，安托
话“宪法赋予你言论自由，你能否因此就随便指责别人是小偷或劫匪
The8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describesin his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”.The WhiteHouse argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcementpriorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.Ineffect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwiselegitimate state law that it disagrees with .
对于另外一个判决，大法官萨缪尔阿里托表示，是基于对“联邦行政权
顺眼的州法律无效。
Some powers dobelong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship andthe borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from usingtheir own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. Theadministration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carryout Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
高法院毫不含糊地站在了国会一边。
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学 Passage 18(Doctor-assisted Suicide：Is It Ever an Option?) Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations. Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces. What role should the doctor have? Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that a cancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future outcome of human affairs. The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another’s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well. These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn’t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide. I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of
2013 Text1 2006 年的一部电影《穿普拉达的女王》有段情节这样演绎：Meryl Streepb 扮演的Miranda Priestly，斥责她毫无吸引力的助手，因为她反映高端时尚并不能感染她，然后Priestly,说明了助手毛衫的深蓝色是如何从时尚展览中慢慢伸展到百货商店再到平价店中，毫无疑问是这个可怜女孩挑选了这件衣服的地方。 Elizabeth Cline 对“快餐时尚”的这三年时尚业管理严密的理念已经非常过时了，或与 Zara，的控诉书《过度装扮》中所描述的狂热不一致。在过去的十几年里，技术的发展使得像 H&M ，Uniqlo等的一些大众市场商标更快地对趋势做出反应，更精确的抢占市场需求。更快地周转意味着更少的库存浪费，更频繁的发布，更高的利润。这些商标煽动那些关心样式而且，他们不做广告，并每隔几周就全部的消费者把衣服当做只洗一到两次的一次性物品， 更新店面的衣服。Cline 认为，这些品牌以极低的价格提供潮流商品的这种行为是在抢劫时尚圈，动摇了这个产业长久以来惯有的季节性。 H&M这次变革的受害者不仅仅是设计者。对于来说，为其全球
2300 家分店提供一个 5.95 美元的编制迷你裙必须依赖海外的廉价劳动力，大量的耗尽自然资源的订单，大量的有害化学品。 Michael Pollan 的《过度装扮》是时尚界对像The Omnivore 's Dilemma 这样的消费者权 益维护者的畅销书的回答。“大量生产的衣物就像快餐，满足饥饿和需求，还是一次性的，浪费的，”Cline 认为。她还发现，美国人一年大概要买64 件一年-200 亿件衣物-平均每人 不论他们是花费了多少钱，这种不节制导致极大的浪费。 在《过度装扮》的最后部分，Cline 介绍的她理想的典范，一个布鲁克林的女人Sarah Kate Cline年开始自己制作自己所有的衣物，并且毫不逊色。但是像从2008 Beaumont,记录的那Beaumont样，花了十年时间完善她的手艺；这个例子不该被忽略。H&M包括虽然许多快餐式时尚公司已经努力控制对劳动力和环境的消极影响，公司的 绿色循环生产线，Cline 依然相信只有消费者的改变才能对此产生长久的改变。她提出对于多数可持续发展（不论是对于食物和能量）的支持者都同有的理想。浮华在继续着；只有在被逼无奈之下人们在消费时才会考虑到可持续性。 Version 描述，说法，叙述，解释，译文，版本 scold 责骂，斥责
2019年高考英语卷I 阅读理解翻译 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
A 今年夏天你要找工作吗？ 省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生找到暑期工作。申请截止日期以及你需要申请的东西都取决于该项目。 你不是学生？那你可以访问政府网站，了解一些可以全年帮助30岁以下的人培养技能、找工作或进行创业的项目和在线工具。 青年岗位 如果你是生活在本省内某些地区的一名青少年，你就有资格参加这一项目，该项目提供了八个星期的带薪就业与培训。 申请资格：青年，年龄为15至18岁，且生活在特定社区内。 夏日公司 夏日公司项目为学生提供了实际业务培训，且奖励高达3 000美元，从而帮助他们创立并经营自己的公司。 申请资格：学生，年龄为15至29岁，且于秋季返校。 园林青年管理员项目 今年夏天，你可以申请成为一名园林青年管理员，为当地的自然资源管理项目进行为期八周的工作。 申请资格：学生，雇用期间年龄为16岁或17岁，但在今年12月31日前不得年满18岁。 夏季就业机会 通过夏季就业机会项目，每年夏天都有学生们就职于省级公共服务、相关机构及社会团体的各种岗位。 申请资格：学生，年龄在15岁以上。对于身患残疾的学生，有些职位要求年龄须在15至24岁，最多29岁。 B 对于地处纽约帕乔格的迦南小学的二年级学生而言，今天是演讲日，现在轮到克里斯·帕莱兹了。这个八岁的孩子是班上最会开玩笑的人。他有一双闪亮的黑眼睛，使他看起来就像那种喜欢在公众场合演讲的孩子。 但是他很紧张。“今天我想讲一讲，你们为什么应该……应该……”克里斯在“-ld”的发音上变得磕绊起来，这对许多非英语母语人士都是一个发音难题。他的老师托马斯·沃利站在他旁边，悄声给予支持：“……为我……投票……”除了一些磕磕绊绊之外，克里斯表现得出奇地好。当他对演讲作了漂亮的收尾时，沃利邀请全班同学对他表示称赞。 作为移民的儿子，克里斯从三年前开始一点点学习英语。沃利回想起在今年年初时，每当要求克里斯阅读的时候，他都会借口去洗手间。 把英语作为第二语言来学习可以说是一种痛苦的经历。而你需要的是一位肯让你犯错的好老师。“对于任何学生来说，”沃利解释道，“尤其是对于把英语作为自己的一门新语言去学习的学生来说，能够十分自信地说出‘我不知道，但是我想知道’是需要很大勇气的。” 有一天，沃利问孩子们，如果谁认为自己永远都当不了总统，请举手。那时沃利就萌生了举办二年级总统竞选这一项目的想法。当时孩子们的答案让他感到心碎。沃利表示这个项目不仅仅是为了让孩子学会在公共场合朗读和说话。他更希望这些孩子学会夸耀自己。
精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort
hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类 unit1 unit1 Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience". Resilienc e has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by
2018全国3卷英语高考 A Welcome to Holker Ha ll & Gardens Visitor Information ____ By Car： Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6.Approximale travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-I hour 30 minutes. By Rail: The nearest stati on is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening Times Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00 Groups ￡9 ￡5.5 Producers: Market 13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening. National Garden Day 28th August Holker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November
TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.
完型 鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。然而，真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。例如,1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢？ 尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。第一，使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络，而安装这些设备价格昂贵。第二，纸质支票有提供收据这一优势，这是消费者不愿放弃的。第三，使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里，对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现，这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。而由于电子支票是即时的，因此也就没有这种优势。第四，电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。 我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。这种情况时有发生，这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统，盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。要防止这类诈骗并非易事，正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。此外，人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。人们担心政府部门，雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据，侵犯个人隐私。 Text1 在一篇名为(entitled)《成功（make it）在美国》的文章中，作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话，笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate)：现如今，一家普通作坊里只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗，人在作坊里是为了喂狗，狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away from)机器。”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reaso n we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which a re more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.最近出现了很多(a number of)类似戴维森所写的文章，它们都表明了这样一种看法(make a point)：之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降，原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步，它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。 以往，具有一般技术、从事一般工作的员工可以赚得(earn)普通的生活。但现如今，普通人才正式地过时了(officially)。继续普通无法再让你过上以前的生活，其原因是当下更多的雇主可以用(have access to)比普通还要低廉的价格，来雇佣国外员工，购买机器人(robotics)和软件(software)，实现自动化(automation)，获得天才(genus)。因此，每个人都需要挖掘身上额外的东西-来让他们做出独特的、有价值的贡献，这种贡献会让他们脱颖而出(stand out),不管他们身处什么工作领域(field of employment)。 确实，新科技在过去、现在和将来都在“吞噬”工作岗位，但这种“吞噬”速度已经提高了。正如戴维森所指出(note)：“（美国）工厂裁员(shed workers)速度是如此之快，以至于从1999到2009十年间裁员人数超过了之前70年新增员工人数的总和；大约有1/3的制造业工作岗位——总约600万——消失了。 未来，改变会一直存在——新工作、新产品和新服务。但我们肯定(know for sure)的一件事情是：随着全球化和信息技术革命所取得的每一个进步，那些最好的工作都将需要劳动者们接受更多、更好的教育，以使他们优于普通员工。 生活在普通人才已正式过时的世界中，我们有很多的事情需要做来扶持就业(employment)，但其中最重要的是为21世纪通过某种“士兵教育促就业法案（于1944年通
年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc
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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学 类 Passage 18 Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108. Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher." Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers. Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this." 注(1)：本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c; 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2)，text 1 第2 题(3)，text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4); 1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school? [A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills [B] the time to do his school work