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第十六章《电磁转换》单元测试(苏科版初三下)(8)

第十六章《电磁转换》单元测试(苏科版初三下)(8)
第十六章《电磁转换》单元测试(苏科版初三下)(8)

第十六章《电磁转换》单元测试(苏科版初三下)(8)

提高测试卷

一、选择题〔每题3分,共24分〕

1. 把铁棒甲的一端靠近铁棒乙的中部,发觉两者吸引,而把乙的一端靠近甲的中部时,两 者互不吸引,那么:() A. 甲有磁性,乙无磁性 B.甲无磁性,乙有磁性 C.甲、乙都有磁性 D.甲、乙都无磁性

2. 以下电器设备中利用电流化学效应工作的是:()

A. 电烙铁

B.电铃

C.电动机

D.通电分解水的装置

3. 以下器材中没有用到磁性材料的是:()

A. 录音机中使用的录音带

B. 运算机中的储备软盘

C. 运算机中的储备硬盘

D. CD. VCD. DVD 播放器中使用的光碟 4. 第一个发觉电流磁效应的科学家是:()

A.奥斯特

B.安培

C.焦耳 D ?法拉第

5. 看过中央电视台体冇频道的用棋讲座就会发觉,棋子在竖直放置的棋盘上能够務动,但 可不能掉下来°原先,棋盘和棋子差不多上由磁性材料制成的。棋子可不能掉落是因为: ()

A ?质量小,重力能够忽略不计 B. 受到棋盘对它向上的摩擦力 C. 棋盘对它有专门大的吸引力

D. 它一方面受到棋盘的吸引,另一方面还受到空气的浮力 6. 以下用电器中,利用电流磁效应原理工作的是:()

A.电灯

B.电话

C.电烙铁

D.电热毯 7?闭合电路的一部分导体在磁场中运动时,有感应电流产生的情形是:()

A.导体在磁场中做任何运动 B ?导体与磁体做相对运动 C.导体做切割磁感线运动 D ?导体沿磁感线运动 8.以下关于电磁感应现象的讲法中,正确的选项是0

A.电磁感应现象是丹麦物理学家奥斯特发觉的

B. 导体在磁场中运动时就会产生感应电流

C. 感应电流的方向跟导体运动方向和磁感线方向有关

第9题图

10.如下图是小新同学做 ''制作、研究电磁铁"实验的示总图,他在实验中发觉大铁钉A 比B 能吸引更多的大头针。依照图示的实验现彖他得出的结论是:当 _______________ 一沱时,电磁 铁的线圈匝数越多,磁性 ________ o 将滑动变阻器的滑片向右移动时,铁钉吸引的大头针将

D.电磁起重机是利用电磁感应现彖制成的 二、填空题〔每空1?5分,共27分〕

9.如下图,当开关S 闭合时,通电螺线管的左端为

_______ (填 ''变多". ''变少或"没有变化〃人

11?放射性现象给我们带来的信息是:小小的原子核也有内部结构。现在差不多确左原子核 是由 _________ 和 _____ 组成的。

12?图中所示是检验磁场对通电导体作用力的实验装置。当导线ab 中有某方向电流通过时, 它受到磁场的作用力向上。

(1) __________________________________________________ 假如仅将两磁极对调位置,导线ab 受力向 ____________________________________________ :

(2) ___________________________________________________________________ 假如磁极位宜不变仅改变ab 中的电流方向,导线ab 受力向 ______________________________ :

(3) _____________________________________________________________ 假如同时对调磁极位置和改变电流方向,导线ab 受力向 _________________________________ o

13.雷达可用于飞机导航,也可用来监测飞机的飞行,工作原理如图。假设某时刻雷达向飞 机发射电磁波,电磁波遇到飞机经反射后,又被雷达接收,整个过程用时52. 4 u s (1MS =1X10'6S ).电磁波的速度为3.0X10s m/s,那么飞机离雷达站的距离是 ___________________________ m 14?如下图,A. B 均为外形相同可能有磁性的钢棒,现将A 挂在弹簧秤上, 售 在B 的上方从左端向右端匀速移动,假设弹簧秤的示数始终不变,那么 | ________ 棒确信无磁性:假设弹簧秤的示数显示先由大变小,然后是 爭 由小 变大,那么 _________ 确信有磁性o 人fL* 15. 我国宋代的学术著作《梦溪笔谈)}中有如下一段表达: ''方家(指熟 L B 知某 种学咨询的行家)以磁石磨针锋,那么能指南,然常微偏东,不令南也 (不 是正南方向人"以上表达的现象证明地球是一个 ____________________ ,同时以事实讲明 了地球的地理南北极与地磁南北极 ___________________ o 16. 指南针能指南北,是由于 ________ 作用的缘故,地理的南极在地磁场的——极邻近。 17. 如下图,通电螺线管的N 极在螺线管的 _______ 端(填或

第18题图

18. 某同学利用如下图装置研究磁与电的关系,请认真观看图中的装置、操作和现象,然后 归纳

得出初步结论。

比较a, b 两图可知:_____________________________ : 比较a, c 两图可知: _____________________________

三、作图与实验探究题〔共14分〕

19. 标出图中通电螺线管的N 、S 极。(2分〕

第23题图

第24题图

20. 在一个圆纸盒里有个条形磁体.圆纸盒外放着一些小磁针,各磁针

"

第17题图 第12题图

极的指向如下图.

画岀圆纸盒里的条形磁体并标明它的爪S 极。(2分)

21. 图为通电螺线管和一小磁针静止时的情形,请在图中标出电流方向、通电螺线管的磁极 名和

小磁针的磁极名。(2分)

(1) _________________________________________ 实验中小丽是通过—电磁铁 来判泄英磁

性强弱的。 (2) ____________________________________________ 分析第1. 2、3次甬实验记录,会发觉 相同时,电流越大,磁性越强。 (3) _________________________________________ 分析第—次的实验记录,会发觉 相同时,匝数越多,磁性越强。 四、运算与应用题〔共35分〕 25.

—台直流电动机,额肚电压为220V,功率是4.4kWo 咨询:(17分) (1) 正常工作电流是多大?

(2) 工作半小时消耗多少kW 时的电能?合多少J?

26. 一台直流电动机,额圧电压是24V,电功率是120W,内部线圈的电阻是0.5Q 。假如这 台电动机正常工作5min,求:〔18分) (1) 电流做了多少J 的功: (2) 产生多少J 的热量;

(3) 有多少J 的电能转化为机械能。

第13 题图

第14题图 22. 在图中画出螺线管的绕法,使小磁针在图示位置处于静 止。(2分)

23. 在图中,请依照通电螺线管的N. S 极,标出磁感线的方 向和电源的正、负极。(2分)

24. 小丽要研究电磁铁的磁性强弱跟什么因素有关。现有线 圈匝数分不为50匝和100匝的外形相同的电磁铁,她先

50匝的电陋铁

100炸?的电磁铁 实輪次数 1 2 3

1

■ 5

6

电流表示数CA ) 0.8 I. 2 丄?5 0?8 1. 2

2. 0 吸引大头针的 最多

数FK 枚)

5

8 10 10

25

后将这两个电磁铁接入以下图的电路中。闭合开关S 后用电磁铁吸引大头针,并移动滑 动变阻器的滑片P

参考答案

一、选择题

11.电流:磁感线方向

12.牛顿、力、牛顿第一泄律:焦耳、能量、焦耳定律;

欧姆、电阻、欧姆迫律:法拉第、电磁感应现象

13. N;负:变大:14. B: A

15.电磁感应:机械能16.通电导体在磁场中受到的力作用:电动

三、作图与实验探究题

17?18.略

19.方法一:

器材:小磁针;方法:把导线平行放在小磁针上,假设发觉小磁针偏转,讲明导线中有电流, 不偏转,讲明导线中无电流

方法二:

器材:蹄形磁铁:方法:把导线放在蹄形磁铁的磁场中,并使其与磁感线方向垂直,假设导线受到力的作用,讲明导线中有电流,否那么无电流

20.略

四、运算与应用题

21.75000W: 120W;采纳高压输电,能够减少导线缺失

22.(1)通电导体在磁场中受到力的作用

(2)通电导体在磁场中受到力的方向与电流方向有关

(3)通电导体在磁场中受到力的方向与磁感线方向有关

(4)应注重实验和过程探究

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