上海大学2010年考博英语真题

2010年成人高等学校专升本招生全国统一考试英语试题及参考答案Ⅰ. PhoneticsDirections: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.1. A. pattern B. package C. palace D. parade2. A. prescription B. observation C. preserve D. deserve3. A. nowhere B. nuclear C. declare D. millionaire4. A. double B. found C. doubt D. southwest5. A. subway B. relay C. survey D. turkeyⅡ. Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence.6.--Are you satisfied with her work, sir?--Not at all. It couldn't be any ______.A. betterB. bestC. worseD. worst7. He is not a stranger for me. I have met him on several ______.A. situationsB. environmentsC. occasionsD. positions8. We had borrowed two VCDs but didn't have time to watch ______ of them.A. someB. eitherC. allD. neither9. Some urgent business has ______ , which will take up the whole morning.A. turned upB. run upC. mixed upD. filled up10. This disease is second only ______ heart attack as a cause of death all over the world.A. toB. ofC. withD. from11. Allen ______ any good job since he came to New York City two years ago.A. doesn't findB. hasn't foundC. didn't findD. hadn't found12. The house, ______ was completed in 1856,was famous for its huge marble staircase.A. whereB. thatC. whatD. which13. --I'm afraid I have to go now, Jim.--I’d rather you ______ go alone. It's already too late.A. don'tB. didn'tC. wouldn'tD. shouldn't14. The profit-sharing plan is designed to ______ the staff to work hard.A. arouseB. exciteC. motivateD. assist15. This is ______ for ten of us to sit at. Please get us a larger one.A. too small a tableB. a too small tableC. a such small tableD. such small a table16. Air pollution ,together with littering, ______ many problems in our large industrial cities today.A. cause.B. causedC. causesD. causing17. The deadline for the job is the end of the month, ______ we can't get it done on time?A. What ifB. How ifC. Only ifD. Even if18. If you're looking for a fully-furnished room to rent, I think there's a(n) ______ apartment in my building.A. emptyB. bareC. vacantD. free19. He is already an hour late. I don't think he will come, ______ ?A. do IB. will heC. Won't heD. don't I20. The manager promised to keep me ______ how our business was going on.A. informingB. informedC. to informD. to be informedⅢ. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable. On our first day's driving on the Scottish island of Mull, my husband and I came to a stretch of water that we had to cross on a smallferry boat. The ferryman asked if we would (21) waiting ten minutes while he transported a family of cows (22) the water to their summer pasture. This (23) with the cows stuck in my mind as a (24) of Mull, a place far removed from the hurried confusion of city life.For, travelers in (25) of a quiet, peaceful place, there can be few better ends. We (26) the island to be a charming mix of mountains, castles and sandy beaches. One of the best days of our trip was (27) we joined a nature tour of the island, and had the (28) fortune to see a (29) of rare creatures, including red deer and golden eagles. But no visit to Mull is (30) without a trip to the small island of Iona. Iona has great historical (31) because it is the place where early Scottish kings were (32) Our first attempt to get to Iona had to be (33) owing to the heavy rain which is (34) characteristic of the island. It was another three days before we could get to Iona, but in the end it was well (35) the wait and was the highlight of our trip.21. A. bother B. care C. object D. mind22. A. across B. from C. over D. beyond23. A. accident B. event C. chance D. act24. A. signal B. sign C. mark D. symbol25. A. aim B. search C. hope D. interest26. A. found B. learned C. experienced D. realized27. A. how B. when C. why D. what28. A. good B. lucky C. bad D. ill29. A. sum B. number C. deal D. part30. A. considerable B. complicated C. concrete D. complete31. A. record B. sense C. significance D. contribution32. A. kept B. buried C. placed D. unearthed33. A. abandoned B. rejected C. left D. deleted34. A. same B. such C. another D. other35. A. worth B. costly C. worthy D. valuableⅣ. Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one best answer.Passage OneOne of the most interesting experiments in electronic communicationI've ever seen is coming from Wave. It's real-time e-mail. What that means is that as you're typing a message in Wave, either a new message or a reply, the person you’re writing to can see what you're typing as you type it. Sounds awful, right?You don’t have to use Wave in this real-time way. It also works as a standard e-mail. What’s really different about Wave is that ifyou’re replying to a message and the person you're replying to happen to be online, they can jump into the conversation at that point, and change what is an e-mail conversation into an instant message conversation or a chat.Wave right now is still closed to most users. And Wave isn't yet connected to other communication systems, like regular e-mail, which means that the only people we can Wave with are other people on Wave as well. So we don’t yet know what using Wave will be like once it gets crowded like e-mail. Also, the technology behind Wave is far more demanding on servers and the Internet itself than regular e-mail or chat, so we don’t know if the technology will work at scale.But Wave really is a current re-think of e-mail. A lot of people won’t like it. A lot of people didn’t like e-mail either when it first showed up. But people will find real uses for Wave or whatever it becomes, and it's one of the most interesting new takes on communication. Even if you don't like it, it will make you think differently about e-mail.36. What is special about Wave?A. It makes people see each other online.B. It enables people to send real-time e-mails.C. It allows you to send more e-mails at the same time.D. It can be easily connected to other communication systems.37. It is uncertain that Wave will work on a large scale because______.A. people cannot find practical uses for itB. it will be a challenge to regular e-mailC. the technology it needs is more complicatedD. many people do not understand how it works38. We know from the last paragraph that ______.A. Wave is a basis for face-to-face communication on lineB. Wave allows people to look at e-mail from a new angleC. most Internet users will have access to WaveD. Wave is now as popular as standard e-mail39. What is the author's attitude toward Wave?A. Optimistic.B. Indifferent.C. Pessimistic.D. Critical.Passage TwoWell, it could not have got better for young Kavya Shivashankar, a13-year-old student from Olathe, Kansas as she came out very successfully at the Scripps National Spelling Bee 2009 (2009全美拼写大赛). On Thursday night she defeated the other 11 finalists to win the 82nd Scripps National Spelling Bee, taking home more than $40,000 cash money along with other prizes.Kavya Shivashankar, whose parents migrated to the United States from India, and who aims to become a doctor, enjoys playing the violin, bicycling, swimming and learning Indian classical dance.Thing came a bit late in Kavya’s life since she could win the championship with her fourth appearance in the competition. The last three times when she had taken part in the same competition she had finished Tenth, Eighth and Fourth.However, this time Kavya proved her courage and determination by winning the title she had been competing for so long. Her last challenge was to spell out " Laodicean". The word" Laodieean" means one who is indifferent, mostly in religious matters. She spelled it correctly and a big smile appeared on her face. Kavya wrote the words on her palm each time and spelled every word correctly.After winning Kavya exelaimed," I can’t believe it happened It feels kind of unreal. " Her family was there to support her through the competition. Her father, Mirle Shivashankar said, "The competitiveness is in her.., but she doesn’t show that. She still has that smile. That’s her quality. " He went on to say that this was" the moment" they had been waiting for so long. It was like" a dream come true" for them.40. Who is Kavya Shivashankar?A. One of the 11 finalists at the spelling competition.B. A 13-year-old girl planning to become a star dancer.C. Champion of the Scripps National Spelling Bee 2009.D. An Indian girl enjoying playing various musical instruments.41. The second time Kavya took part in the same competition, she took the ______ place.A. thirdB. fourthC. eighthD. tenth42. Before spelling out the last word "Laodicean", Kavya ______.A. wrote it down in her handB. hesitated for a momentC. smiled at her fatherD. knew that she could win43. The father’s words show that ______.A. the family needed the prize money to support Kavya's educationB. the family were too worried to be present at the competitionC. Kavya was very good at expressing her feelingsD. Kavya had a strong sense of competitionPassage ThreeNothing says "Happy Birthday!" like having a coin released in your honor by the United States Mint(铸币局), and 2009 has become an especially festive year as the Mint rolled out nine different coinsin honor of Abraham Lincoln’s 200th birthday.Four pennies with new designs on the reverse side were issuedstarting February 12. The image of a cabin represents his birthplace. Because Lincoln’s family was poor, and no one could have predicted his later importance, the actual cabin is long gone. Therefore the design is based on the "symbolic cabin" displayed at the Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site in Kentucky.The other designs show Abraham taking a break to read a book, the young lawyer Lincoln in front of the Illinois state capitol and a Lincoln-free image of the half finished U. S. Capitol dome as it looked during his time in office. These four coins-produced with today’s standard mix of 97.5 percent zinc and 2.5 percent copper-are intended for general circulation.The Mint also released five collectible coins that sell for more than their face value. Special editions of the four penny designs were produced with the metal content used in 1909 ; a mix of 95 percent copper and 5 percent tin and zinc. In addition, in the world of "bigger" money,2009 has brought the Lincoln Commemorative One-Dollar Coin-made up of 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper-with an image that has a Gettysburg Address theme.44. What does Paragraph 2 tell about the cabin on the coins?A. It is a symbolic cabin rebuilt in Kentucky.B. It is newly built for producing new coins.C. It has been protected well for over 200 years.D. It is exactly the one where Lincoln was born.45. Special editions of the 4 collectible coins ______.A. are made of copper and silverB. sell at a price same as their face valueC. are likely to be used for circulation in the futureD. have different metal content from the one-dollar coin46. The one-dollar coin has a design of ______ on it.A. a cabinB. Abraham readingC. the Illinois state capitolD. the Gettysburg Address theme47. What is probably the best title for the passage?A. Abraham Lincoln’s 200th BirthdayB. Coins Issued with Metal Content in 1909C. Coins in Honor of Abraham LincolnD. Collectible Coins for Abraham LincolnPassage FourLaura and Anthony Valois are a young New York couple who have been trying in vain to have their first child. Several years ago, Belinda Ramirez read an Internet adoption listing and quickly contacted them from her home in Texas ,telling them they could adopt her unborn baby. Excited, Laura and Anthony spent weeks communicating with Ramirez and got regular updates on her pregnancy.Before long, Ramirez began to ask them for financial support. That took the Valoises by surprise. But they were willing to do a lot to ensure a smooth birth. They sent more than $1,000 to Ramirez over several months.Laura and Anthony finally drove to Texas so they could be on hand for the birth. But once they arrived,Ramirez avoided their daily phone calls. After three weeks, the couple drove back to New Yorkemptyhanded and emotionally crushed.They later learned Ramirez had been cheating about ten other peoplefor such things as Wal-mart gift cards in states ranging from California to Ohio to Florida. From start to finish, it was a scam.In fact, Ramirez was never even pregnant. She was sentenced to 24 months in prison as she deserved." When you find out you can’t have children, it’s just depressing, " Laura Valois told a Texas TV station. " But when somebody intentionally does this to you, it's 15 times worse. "48. What has been troubling the Valoises?A. They lost their first child in an accident.B. No one responded to their adoption demand.C. They have been trying to have a child but failed.D. They are not qualified to adopt a child.49. The couple were excited because ______.A. several babies were available for adoptionB. an adoption agency in Texas contacted themC. their name was put in an Internet adoption listingD. a woman offered them her unborn baby for adoption50. The underlined word "scare" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.A. jokeB. gameC. kidnapD. cheat51. What was depressing for the couple according to Laura?A. They didn't have time to meet Ramirez.B. Ramirez caused them a financial loss of $1,000.C. Their eagerness to have a child was taken advantage of.D. Ramirez committed many crimes before she was caught.Passage FiveDoctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it . They warn that angry hostile feelings can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possible cancer.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others explode with anger, and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing(压制) anger. For years many doctors thought that compared with expressing anger, repressing anger was more dangerous to a person’s health. It may speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure or sugar into the blood and narrow the blood vessels. To avoid these problems, doctors thought a person should let the anger out by expressing it freely. But recently some doctors disputed this. They said that people who express anger repeatedly and explosively did cause, in fact, more and not less anger. They said these too can cause medical problems.Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. Expressing anger intensively may be more likely to develop heart disease, and keeping anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it isn’t, they say," Don’t express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably. "Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.52. The passage mainly focuses on ______.A. the causes of angerB. the medical treatment of angerC. the health problems caused by angerD. reasonable ways of dealing with anger53. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A. keeping anger inside is better than expressing it intensivelyB. both repressing and expressing anger cause health problemsC. keeping anger inside is more likely to cause heart diseaseD. expressing anger freely can avoid medical problems54. The author of the passage is most probably a(n) ______.A. patientB. editorC. psychologistD. surgeon55. According to the passage, a good way to control anger is ______.A. to do sportsB. to be high-spiritedC. to turn it into laughterD. to discuss it with doctorsⅤ. Daily ConversationDirections: Pick out appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogues.A. It doesn't matterB. How comeC. You’re welcomeD. I’m so sorry to hear thatE. What shall I doF. What is itG. Well, nothing H. Come onLinda : Hey, what’s wrong, dear? You don’t look quite yourself today.Silvia: (56) I am just tired.Linda: (57) ! Tell me. Maybe Iean help.Silvia: Well, I just couldn’t fall asleep these days.Linda: (58) ? I don't remember you have sleeping problems. What's bothering you?Silvia: I can’t find a job. I failed in a number of job interviews. Linda: (59) Take it easy, babe. Everything will be fine.Silvia: (60) ? You know, I really need a job to make life going, Linda: Don’t worry. Keep on trying and I will keep an eye on the job ads for you, too.Silvia: Thanks, I will.Ⅵ. WritingDirections: For this part, you are supposed to write a letter in English in 100-120 words based on the following situation. Remember to write it clearly.61. 你( Li Yuan) 刚收到购的一件商品，但是发现质量有问题，请你写一封投诉信，内容包括：(1) 商品名称、订购时间、地点和价格；(2) 何时发现质量问题、何种质量问题；(3) 你所希望的解决方式。

2010高考上海英语试卷2010高考上海英语试卷 Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.第I卷 (共105分) 14. A. Greet guests and talk to hotel staff. B. Have breakfast and examine room service.C. Prepare for the meeting and write new reports. I. Listening ComprehensionD. Review the previous night’s reports and check emails. Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At Section Cthe end of each conversation, a question will be asked about whatwas said. The Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 1. A. A shop assistant. B. A dentist. C. An electrician. D.A bank clerk. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.2. A. The exam score. B. Te world news C. A soccer match. D. A basketball team. Doctor’s Notes3. A. At a post office. B. At a flower shop. C. At a department store. D. At a bus station. Dr. B. Hall4. A. 5 hours. B. 7 hours. C. 9 hours. D. 10 hours. Patient’s name: Mr. 175. A. Tim’s not seriously injured. B. Tim will get to the h ospital quickly. Symptoms: Awful 18 and a terrible coughC. The woman’s heard all about Tim’s illness. Temperature: 19D. The woman doesn’t know how Tim is now. Doctor’s suggestion: One spoonful of cough 20 every 4 hours for6. A. She isn’t in the mood to travel. B. France is too far for family holiday. the next five days.C. Family holiday no longer interests her.D. She has had too many holidays this year. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.7. A., The cost was reasonable. B. The cost was unbelievably high. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.C. She likes the hotel.D. She will stay overnight. What does the man ask the woman to do? To 21 .8. A. Disappointment. B. Disapproval. C. Sympathy. D. Passion. What does John Wyndham write? 22 .9. A. The man is too forgetful. B. The man shouldn’t get annoyed. Why do the main characters in the story Because they hope to start 23 .C. The man has too many keys.D. The man should attend more lessons. join a group of people?10. A. He wants to live in apartments. B. He thinks his signature is unnecessary. Between whom will there be some Between people and 24 .C. He has already signed a contract.D. He doesn’t always say whathe means. conflict in the story?Section B II. Grammar and VocabularyDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three Section Aquestions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 25. Seanhas formed the habit of jogging ___ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. A. between B. alone C. below D. with11. A. White masters. B. African slaves. C. Native dancers. D. Sport trainers. 26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was ____ journey. 12. A. Having kung fu experience. B. Being able to sing and play music. A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hoursC. Wearing a green belt.D. Being strong and able to balance well.27. If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on ____.13. A. He uses his hands to keep the balance. B. He loses contact with his opponent. A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselvesC. He is kicked by his opponent.D. He is pushed out of the circle.28. Every few years, the coal workers ____ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in easternA. are havingB. haveC. have hadD. had had America.29. –Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher–Oh, you ____ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. concentrations(浓度) of carbon dioxide in the 41 .A. mustB. mustn’tC. shouldD. shouldn’t Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in 30. In ancient times, people rarely traveled long distances and most farmers only traveled Edgewater, Maryland, said that the increase in the rate of growth was unexpected and might____ the local market. A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as be 42 to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. 31. The church tower which ____ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost The growth may also be influenced by the significant 43 in atmospheric CO2, he said.finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored ―We made a list of reasons these forests could begrowing faster and then excluded 32. I had great difficulty ____ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. half of them,‖ Dr Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may becomeA. findB. foundC. to findD. finding increasingly important in 44 the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate.33. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ___ with her stories. Dr Parker and his colleagues have 45 out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) 46A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing 34. ____ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. 47 tons of wood each year.A. However a serious problemB. What a serious problem Thescientists 48 the land with trees at different stages of growth and found thatC. However serious a problemD. What serious a problem both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the 35. ____ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had 49A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached from estimates of the long-term rates of growth.36. One reason for her preference for city life is ____ she can have easy access to places III. Reading Comprehensionlike shops and restaurants. Section AA. thatB. howC. whatD. why Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases 37. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.____. A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom aC. is he entering which laneD. which lane is he entering masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals(彩排), or tryouts, revising will38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ____ we may return in the near future. seem a natural part of the writing 50 .A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many 39. ____ our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, —A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD. After 51 , revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical phantom of the Opera underwent such a40. That is the only way we can imagine ____ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. process. When Lloy d Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, excitingA. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had 52 several revisions due, Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word in part, to problems with costuming and makeup(戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webbercan only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 53 some of the music because the phantom’s makeup prevented the actor from singingcertain sounds. A. additional B. producing C. regular D. predicted E. identifiedWhen you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, F. atmosphere G. matched H. reducing I. carried J. increaseor to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information. Forests inthe northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they wereRevision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end safety. That didn’t stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati,the elephant step of the way. Even your decision to 57 topics while prewriting is a type of revising. princess.However, don’t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows 58 . Always Parb ati Barua’s father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati make time to become your own 59 and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the Reviewing your work in this way can give you 60 new ideas. elephant round-up—how to catch wild elephants.Revision involves 61 the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your Parbati hasn’t always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the and many years later she went back to her old life. ―Life in the city is too dull. Catchingaudience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose 62 throughout my draft? elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase,‖ she says.Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 —that is, But Parbati doesn’t catch elephants just forfun. ―My work,‖ she says, ―is to rescuefacts, opinions, inferences—that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man.‖ And this is exactly whathave I included too many 64 details that may confuse readers?Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many 50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small 51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D.in other words pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a 52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill. 53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer 54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. ―Eventually they55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans,‖56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover elephant princess indeed!58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training 65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to ____.59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor A. get long lasting excitement B. keep both man and elephants safe 60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate C. send them back to the jungle D. make the angry elephants tame 61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing 66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, ____.62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear A. she spent her time hunting with her father63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints B. she learned how to sing love songs64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final C. she had already been called an elephant princessD. she was taught how to hunt tigers Section BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several 67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because ____. questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C. A. they are caught and sent for heavy workand D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you B. illegal hunters capture them and kill them have just read. C. they are attacked and their land get limitedD. dogs often bark at them and chase them (A)The elephant was lying on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The 68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India ____. elephant woke up in a terribleanger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for A. people easily fall victim to elephants’ attacksB. the man-elephant relationship is getting worse (C)C. elephant tamers are in short supplyD. dogs are as powerful as elephants The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more hasjust been added—a communications blackout caused by solar storms. (B)The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessmentof a research After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a freshpaper. It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.cycle of sunspots that could peak in 1012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch inLondon. Trevor, C.O., Lansford, B. and Black, J.W., 2004, ―Employee turnover(人士变Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could 更) and job performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth andthrow billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that promotion‖, Journal of Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 56-64.could jam the telecommunications satellites and internet links sending live Olympicbroadcast from London. In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities in―The Sun’s activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees’ job attitude. Themiddle of the next solar maximum which could affect te functions of communications authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companiessatellites,‖ said Professor Richard Harrison, head of sp ace physics at the Rutherford in Vancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire. and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections(日冕物质抛 range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward射) occur in the Sun’s atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous matter. ―A coronal mass election can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees’ joba million kilometers per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the surveydisable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications,‖ Professor sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate thatHarrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest further, more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more number of sunspots. in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance. As thisNext week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun reliable. It will be useful additional information for the research on pay that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available. structures.The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will 69. The research paper published is primarily concerned with ____.capture images of the solar flares(太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur. A. the way of preventing employee turnoverProfessor Richard Holdaway, the lab’s director, said that the SDO should be able to B. methods of improving employee performance provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite C. factors affecting employee turnover and performance communications on Earth. ―If we have advance warning, we’ll beable to reduce the D. pay structures based on employee performancedamage. What you don’t want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what’s 70. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation ofthe research paper mainly lies i n that caused the problem,‖ he said.____.72. The phrase ―communications blackout‖ in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to ____ A. the data analysis is hardly reliable B. the research sample is not wide enoughduring the 1012 Olympics. C. the findings are of no practical value D. the research method is out-of-dateA. the extinguishing of the Olympic torchB. the collapse of broadcasting systems 71. Who might be most interested in this piece of information?C. the transportation breakdown in LondonD. the destruction of weather satellites A. Job hunters. B. Employees in blue-chip companies.73. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage? C. Mid-level managers. D. Researchers on employee turnover.A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth. depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is thereforeB. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle. becoming a serious public health concern. Although this abuse affects many peopleC. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth. worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear amongD. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections. older adults, teenagers and women.74. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to ____.79.A. take images of the solar systemB. provide early warning of thunderstorms Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the mostC. keep track of solar activitiesD. improve the communications on Earth common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schmader of Duke University. 75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population,A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in thisB. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in Danger age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and haveC. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human Race poorer compliance with instruction for use. In another study of elderly patients admitted toD. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled treatment programs, 70% were women who had overused medicines.80. Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for Unfortunately, this trend among women does not onlyaffect those aged over 65. In each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative,women are twice as likely to become addicted. In addition,statistics compiled for 12-17 A. Drug overuse and its consequence year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing B. The problem of drug overuse in America psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillisers, stimulants and sedatives.C. Benefits of medicine and its wise use Section DD. Female drug overuse with reference to that of males Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete theE. Misuse of medicine among the young generations statements in the fewest possible words.F. Improper use of medicine among senior citizens Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core 76. curriculum(核心课程), but with a difference. While groups sports are still part of the Nowadays, millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and other curriculum, the new way is to teach skillsthat are useful beyond gym class. Instead of drugs. Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically. build physical endurance. In this way, kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so 77. they can lead a physicallyactive life the rest of their life. NIDA views medications as a powerfulforce for good in the contemporary world. Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. say more money a thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In many cases, that may They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and physed programs because school boards often ―put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out that most individuals who take these entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered,‖ says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the drugs use them in a responsible manner. executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly 78. due to the lack of a national standard. ―Physical education needs to be part of the core Nevertheless, overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system (CNS) curriculum,‖ she added.The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin had demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new method teaches skills that translate to adulthood.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statement in NO MORE THAN 10WORDS.)81. In the new P.E, program, children learn to lift weights, balance their idets and buildphysical endurance rather than ________.82. As for P.E., some school boards either __________.83. What are the two prolems with simply teaching groups sports?84. What is the long-term benefit of the new P.E. program?第II卷 (共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, usingthe words given in the brackets.1. 这本杂志花了我20多元。

2010年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷第I卷（共105分）1．Listening comprehensionSection ADirection: in section A, you will hear ten short conversations between speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and he question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. a shop assistant B. a dentist C. a electrician D. a bank clerk2. A. the exam score B. the world news C. a succor match D. a basketball team3.A. at a post office B. at a flower shop C. at a department D. at a bus station4.A．5 hours B.7 hours C. 9 hours D. 10 hours5.A.tim’s on seriouslyB.tim will get to the hospital quicklyC. The woman’s heard all about tim’s illness .D.the woman doesn’t know how tim is now.6. A.she isn’t in the mood to travel .B.france is too far for family holidayC. Family holiday no longer interestsD.she has had too many holiday this year7.A the cost was reasonableB. the cost was unbelievably highC.she likes the hotelD. she will stay overmight8. A.Disappointment B. Disapproval C.Sympathy D. passion9.A the man is too forgetfulB.theman shouldn’t get annoyedC. the man has too many keysD. theman should attend more lessons10. A he wants to live in apartents.B .hethink his signanger is unnecessaryC. he has already signed a conuctD. he doesn’t always say what he meansSection BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following introduction.11. A. White masters B. African slavesC. Native dancersD. Sport trainers12. A. Having kung fu experience B. Being able to sing and play musicC. Wearing a green beltD. Being strong and able to balance well13. A. He uses his hands to keep the balance B. He closes contact with his opponentC. He is kicked by his opponentD. He is pushed out of the circleQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14.A.Great guests and talk to hotel staff.B. Have breakfast and examine room service.C. Prepare for the meeting and write new report.D. Review the previous night’s reports and emails.15.A. Saying hello to every guest.B. Considering different bath requirements.C .Dinning with a different staff memberD. Holding various operational meetings.16. A. A day’s life of a hotel manager B. The daily routine at a hotel.C. Hotel service and improvementD. Meetings attended by a hotel manager.Section CDirection : In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversation will be read twice . After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation .Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Section ADirections: of the following sentences there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging ___________ the tree-lined avenue for two hoursevery day.A. betweenB. alongC. belowD. with26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amnuement park.It was __________ journey.A. three hourB. a three-hoursC. a three-hourD. three hours27. If you parents do everything for us children ,we won’t learn to depend on ______.A. themselvesB. themC. have hadD. ourselves28. Every few years,the coal workers ___________ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are havingB. haveC. have hadD. had had29. –Sorry,Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you ___________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. mustB. mustn’tC. shouldD. shouldn’t30. In ancient times ,people rarely traveled long distances and most farmers only traveled_____________ the local market.A. longer thanB. more thanC. as much asD. as far as31. The church tower which _________ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.A. has restoredB. has been restoredC. is restoringD.is being restored32 . I had great difficulty ___________the suitable food on the mend in that restaurant.A.find B found C to find D finding33 . Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues___________with her stories.A amusedB amusingC to amuseD to be amused34 . __________you may have ,you should gather your courage to face the challengeA However a serious problemB What a serious problemC However serious a problemD What serious a problem35 .__________the eity centre .we saw a stone statue of about 10 metces in height.A . ApproachingB ApproachedC To approachD To be approached36 . One reason for her preference for aity life is _______she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurantsA thatB howC whatD why37 When chamning limes .a driver should use his signat to let other drivers know___________A He is entering which laneB Which lane he is enteringC Is he entering which laneD Which lane is he entering38 . Wind power is an ancient sonce of energy ______we may retain in the near futureA on whichB by whichC to whichD from which39.________our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD. After40.That is we can imagine _________the overuse of water in student’s bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduceSection BDirections : Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Eac h word can only be used once .Note that there is one word more than you need .Progress in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200years ago as a result of climate change , according to a study of trees in eastern Amincan.The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations(浓度) of carbon dioxide in the ____41________.Geoffrey Parker, as a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater Maryland , that the increase in the rate of growth was unexpected and might be___42___to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons domated in the region . The growth many also be influenced by the significant_____43_________ in athinmospheric CO2 he side.―We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them,‖Dr Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in 44 the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate.Dr Parker and his collegues have 45 out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) 46 Basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing 47Tons of wood each year.The scientists 48 the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had 49 from estimates of the long-term rates of growth.Ⅲ . Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or pharases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase thatbest fits the context.The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals（彩排）, or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing 50 .What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-toun previews that many Braoadway shows go through?The answer is adding,deleting,replac ing,reordering,—_____51__,revising.Andrew Lioyd Webber’musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a peocess. When Lioyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny,excting production.However,when Phantom opened in London in 1986,the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music.The musical had___52 ___several revisitors due,in part,to problems with costuming and makeup(戏装和化妆)，For instance，Lioyd Webber____53___ some of the music because the Phantoms makeup prevented the actor from singing certain souds.When you revise ,you change aspects of your work in ___54___ to you evolving perpose,or to include 55 wly discovered information.Revisions is not just an afterthought that gets only as much times as you have at the end of an assignment_____56___，it is a major stage of the writing proces,and writers revise every step ofthe way.Even your decision to___57___topics while prewriting is a type of revising.However,don’t make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows___58___Always make time to become your own___59__and view your dress reheasal,so to speak,Reviewing your work in this way can give you____60__new ideas.Revising involves __61__the effectiveness and appropriateness, at all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: is my main idea or purpose ___62___ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the __63__ ---that is, facts, opinions, inferences—that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally , have I included too many __64__details that may confuse readers?50.A. technique B. style C. process D. career51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52.A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced53.A. rewrote B. release C.recorded D. reserved54.A. addition B. response C. opposition D.contrast55.A. fixed B.ambition C. familiar D. fresh56.A. however B. moreover C. instead D. therefore57.A. discuss B.switch C. exhaust D. cover58.A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training59.A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor60.A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate61.A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing62.A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear63.A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints64.A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D.finalSection BDirection: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choos e the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger. It chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety. That didn’t stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then some suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.Parbati Barua’s father was a hunter of tigers andan elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to rede an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up —how to catch wild elephants.Parbati hasn’t always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parati never got used to being there and many years later she want back to her old life. ―Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase.‖ she says.But Parbati doesn’t catch elephants just for fun. My work.‖she says, ―is to rescue man from the elephants , and to keep the elephants safe from man.‖ And this is exactly what Parbati has beendoing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry; for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small piecesof land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. ―Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans.‖she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!65.For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to _______.A. get long lasting excitementB. keep both man and elephants safeC. send them ack to the jungleD. make the angry elephants tame66.Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, _______.A. she spent her time hunting with her fatherB. she learned how to sing love songsC. she had already been called an elephant princessD. she was taught how to hunt tigers67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because______________.A. there are sent for heavy workB. there are them and kill themC. they are attacked and their land gets limitedD. dogs often bark at them and chase them68.The passage starts with an elephant story in orders explain that in India __________.A. people easily fall victim to elephants’ attacksB. the man-eleptiant relationship is getting wroseC. elephant tamersare in short supplyD. dogs are powerful as elephants(B)The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research paper, It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.Trevor ,C,O Lansford ,B, and black,J,W, 2004. employee turnover(人事变更) and job performance: Monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion‖, journal of armchair psychology, vol. 113, NO.1, pp.56-64In this article Trevor et.al, review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees’job attitude. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip combine in V ancouver, Canada, to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such ad pay for performance and organizational reward plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees’ job attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive research needs to he understaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turn over and job performance. As this article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered reliable. It will be useful additionalinformation for the research on pay structures.69.The research paper published is primarily concernrd wltn .A.the titng employee turnoverB.metnods or employee performanceC.factors affecting employee turnover and performanceD.pay structures based on employee performance70.As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that .A.the data analysis is hardly reliableB.the research sample is not wide enoughC.the findings are of no practical valueD.the research method is out-of-date71.Who might be most interested in this piece of information?A.Job hunters.B.Employees in blue-chip companiesC.Mid-level managersD.Researchers on employee turnover.（C）The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. Rnt one more has just been added－a communications blackout caused by solar storms.After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a fresh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and internet links sending live Olympic broadcast from London.“The Sun’s next solar maximum whieh could affect the functions of communications satellites,”said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections（日冕物质抛射）occur in the Sun’s atrnosphere, throwing out great quantities of eleetrically-charged matter.“A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometers per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to ardeadly amount, can disable satellites,cause power failures on Earth and disturb communidauons,”Professor Harrison added The risk is greatest durihg a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for momtoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory （SDO）.which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.The Rrofessor Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the (阳耀斑)and explosions as they occur.Rrofessor Richard Holdaway, the lab’s director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth.“If we have advance warning, we’ll be able to reduce the damage. What you don’t want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what’s caused the problent”he said.72. The phrase “communications blachout”in Paragraph 1 most probably reters toDuring the 2010 Olympics.A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torchB. the collapse of broadcasting systemsC. the transportation breakdown in LondonD. the destruction of weather satellites73. What can be inferred about the solar activity desctibed in the passage?A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of bach cycle.C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.74. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to .A. take images of the solar systemB. provide early warning of thounderstormsC. keep track of solar activitiesD. improve the communications on Earth75. Which of the following might be the best tit of the passage?A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer.B. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in DangerC. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human RaceD. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be TroubledSection CDirections. Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each76.Nowadays, millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medication and other drugs. Research by the American Nation Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA,1999)shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically.77.NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world. They reduce and rempwe pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control that symptoms and become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drugs use them in a responsible manner.78.Nevertheless, overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system(CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concrn Although this abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the mean cal profession in the US appear anong older adults, teenagers and wormen.79.Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schmader of Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instructionfor use. In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs, 70% were women who had ovened medicines.80.Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged over 65. In general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative, women are twiee as likely to become addicted. In addition, statistics compiled for 12－17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotheraneutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillisers. Stimulants and sedatives.Section DDirections ead the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Phys ed(physical education)is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum(核心课程)，but with a difference.While group sports are still part of the curriculum,the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond class.Instead of learning how to climb a rone,children are taught to lift weights,balaned their diets and build physical endurance.In this way, kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically acti life the rest of their life.Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight,supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum.In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often“put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered,”says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg,the executive director of Acion for Health Kids.The difference in physed programs is parthy due to the lack of a national standard.“Physical education needs to pepart of the core curriculum,”she added.The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support.Researcheras at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports.The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement,partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class in that only a tiny perentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school The new teaches skills that transhate a adulthood.(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.In the new P.E.program,children learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than .82.As for P.E.,some school boards either .83.What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?84.What is the long-term benefit of the new P.E. program?。

上海2010年高考英语试题及参考答案(估分)总分：150分及格：90分考试时间：120分单项选择题(1)Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A. betweenB. alongC. belowD. with(2)It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.A. three hourB. a three-hoursC. a three-hourD. three hours(3)If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend onA. themselvesB. themC. usD. ourselves(4)Every few years, the coal workers. their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.(5)Every few years, the coal workers. their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are havingB. haveC. have hadD. had had(6)- Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.- Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't(7)In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market.A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as(8)The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored(9)I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A. find B. found C. to find D. finding(10)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused(11)you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problemC. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem(12)the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached(13)One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why(14)When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering(15)Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which(16)our manage objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. UnlessC.If D. After(17)Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce选词填空第41题：___________(2)第42题：___________(3)第43题：___________(4)第44题：___________(5)第45题：___________(6)第46题：___________(7)第47题：___________(8)第48题：___________(9)第49题：___________阅读理解(1)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing 50 .What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51 revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, wh en Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. 52 several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber 53 some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing proc ess, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to 57 . topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows 58 . Always make time to become your own 59 and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you 60 new ideas.Revising involves 61 the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writi ng, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose 62 throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 that is, facts, opinions,inferences -- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many 64 details that may confuse readers?A. techniqueB. styleC. processD. career(2)A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words(3)A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced(4)A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved(5)A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast(6)A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh(7)A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore(8)A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover(9)A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. tra ining(10)A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor(11)A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate(12)A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing(13)A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear(14)A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints(15)A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final(16)Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For e ach of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village whe re they ran forsafety. That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants.Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife. "Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says.But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. "My work," she says, "is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man." And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called toguide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. "Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans," she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed! For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to_________ .A. get long lasting excitementB. keep both man and elephants safeC. send them back to the jungleD. make the angry elephants tame(17)Before Parbati studied in a boarding school,_________ .A. she spent her time hunting with her fatherB. she learned how to sing love songsC. she had already been called an elephant princessD. she was taught how to hunt tigers(18)Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________.A. they are caught and sent for heavy workB. illegal hunters capture them and kill themC. they are attacked and their land gets limitedD. dogs often bark at them and chase them(19)The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________.A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacksB. the man-elephant relationship is getting worseC. elephant tamers are in short supplyD. dogs are as powerful as elephants(20)Trevor, C. O., Lansford, B. and Black, J. W., 2004, "Employee turnover (人事变更) and job performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion", Journal of Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no.1, pp. 56-64.In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees' job attitude. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies in Vancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees' job attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance. As this article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered reliable. It will be useful additional information for the research on pay structures.The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research paper. It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic. The research paper published is primarily concerned withA. the way of preventing employee turnoverB. methods of improving employee performanceC. factors affecting employee turnover and performanceD. pay structures based on employee performance(21)As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that .A. the data analysis is hardly reliableB. the research sample is not wide enoughC. the findings are of no practical valueD. the research method is out-of-date(22)Who might be most interested in this piece of information?A. Job hunterB. Employees in blue-chip companieC. Mid-level managerD. Researchers on employee turnove(23)(C)The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solar storms.After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact linkssending five Olympic broadcast from London."The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire. At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a so lar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth "If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage. What you don't want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what's caused the problem," he said. The phrase "communications blackout" in paragraph 1 most probably refers to during the 2012 Olympics.A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torchB. the collapse of broadcasting systemsC. the transportation breakdown in LondonD. the destruction of weather satellites(24)What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.(25)According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to_________A. take images of the solar systemB. provide early warning of thunderstormsC. keep track of solar activitiesD. improve the communications on Earth(26)Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Solar Storms: An Invisible KillerB. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in DangerC. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human RaceD. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled选句(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)问答(1)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum(核心课程)，but with a difference. While group sports are still part of the c urriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class. Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance. In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum. In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. "Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added.The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports. The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. The new method teaches sells that translate to adulthood.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) In the new P.E. program, children learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than?(2)As for P.E., some school boards either(3)What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?(4)What is the long-term benefit of the new P.E program?翻译(1)这本杂志花了我20多元。

2010年河南郑州大学考博英语真题I. Listening Comprehension (40%)This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first answer the questions in your test booklet, not on the ANSWER SHEET. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto the ANSWER SHEET.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW, as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Part AYou will hear a radio program. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling True (T) or False (F). You will hear what he says ONLY ONCE.You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10.You now have 20 seconds to check your answers to Questions 1—10. That isthe end of Part A.Part BYou will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questionsby choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.Questions 11 to 13 are based on a conversation between an executive and his secretary, Brenda.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 1311.What did the man ask the woman to do yesterday?(A) To arrange a job interview. (B) To watch the evening news on TV.(C) To advertise a job in newspapers. (D) To contact the junior sales manager12.What kind of person is the man looking for?(A) A college graduate of business. (B) A young man with a few A levels.(C) A college graduate of English. (D) A young man with a degree.13.What does the woman think of the man’s requirements?(A) Unrealistic. (B) Sensible.(B) Reasonable. (D) Ambiguous.You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 11 to 13.Questions 14 to 16 are based on a radio program from BBC.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 to 16.14.The news item could be entitled ________________ .(A) “Solar-powered Cycle Race”(B) “The World Challenge”(C) “Solar-powered Car Race”(D) “Future of the Motor Car”15.why is the World Competition held in Australia this year?(A) Because Australia is located in the southern hemisphere.(B) Because Australia has taken the lead of the technology in the world(C) Because Australia is blessed with much sunshine.(D) Because Australia is an ideal place with the length across its outback some3,000 kilometers.16.On average, the vehicle’s speed stood at ___ kilometers an hour when therace first started decades ago.(A) 38 (B) 67 (C) 100 (D) 200 You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 14 to 16.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following interview with Mr. Simon James, a banker, about his own experience of being successful.You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 to 20.17. Why did Simon go into banking?(A) To fulfill an ambition. (B) To be different from his brothers.(C) To follow in his father’s footsteps. (D) To show his intelligence.18.How did Simon say he became successful?(A) By offering bank managers his good ideas.(B) By placing trust in his clients.(C) By working wholeheartedly for the clients.(D) By listening to advice from other people.19.When Simon suddenly became famous, how did he feel?(A) Tired with so many radio and television interviews.(B) Disturbed by the constant attention from the press.(C) Worried that ordinary people would envy his fortune.(D) Threatened by reports finding out about his wealth.20.Which positive aspect of being famous does Simon mention?(A) Receiving praise from other people.(B) Reading nice things about himself in the paper.(C) Gaining publicity for his business.(D) Getting more invitations from his friends.You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to Questions 17 to 20. That is the end of Part B.Part CYou will hear an interview. As you listen, answer the questions or completethe notes in your test booklet for Questions 21 to 30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE.You now have 1 minute and 40 seconds to check your answers to Questions 21 to 30.That is the end of Part C. You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to the ANSWER SHEET.That is the end of Listening Comprehension.II. Vocabulary (10%)Directions: There are 10 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are 4 words or phrases marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET31.The neighbors do not consider him quite ________ as most evenings he awakensthem with his drunken singing.(A) respected (B) respectable (C) respective (D) respectful32.Since it is late to change my mind now, I am ___ to carrying out the plan.(A) committed (B) obliged (C) engaged (D) resolved33.The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to funds fromarmaments to health and education.(A) derive (B) change (C) convert (D) divert34.The board of Directors decided that more young men who were qualified would beimportant positions.(A) attributed to (B) furnished with(C) installed in (D) inserted into35.The lady who has ______ for a night in the dead of the winter later turned outto be a distant relation of his.(A) put him up (B) put him out(C) put him on (D) put him in36.The government’s policies in the past years have shown a(n) in emphasizingthe necessity of improving the peasants’ livelihood.(A) exaltation (B) coherence (C) agony (D) behavior37.The study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely tostudents’ enthusiasm in learning English.(A) hold back (B) hold off (C) hold out (D) hold down38.The gap between those at the lowest level and those at the highest level of incomehad increased _______ , and is continuing to increase.(A) successfully (B) succinctly(C) substantially (D) sufficiently39.One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its abilities tofurther research and further thinking about a particular topic.(A) invent (B) stimulate (C) renovate (D) advocate40.It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly ___ observer of events.^^^ ........—(A) inadequate (B) impassive (C) genius (D) impartialIII. Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questions which accompanythem by choosing (A), (B), (C) or (D). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1While many technological advances occur in an evolutionary manner, occasionallya revolutionary technological appears on the horizon that creates startling newconditions and profound changes. Such is the case with the privately developed MollerSkycar, which is named after its inventor. The ruggedized (加固的) Moller Skycarvariant the military is evaluating is called the light aerial multipurpose vehicle,or LAMV.The LAMV is a vertical take-off and landing aircraft that can fly in a quick,quiet, and agile manner. It is a new type of vehicle that combines the speed of anairplane and the vertical take-off capability of a helicopter with somecharacteristics of a ground vehicle, but without the limitations of any of thoseexisting modes of transportation. The LAMV is not operated like traditional fixed—or rotary-wing aircraft. It has only two hands, which the operator uses to directthe redundant computer control system to carry out desired flight maneuvers. Theleft-hand control twists to select the desired operating altitude and moves foreand aft to select the rate of climb. The right-hand control twists to select thevehicle’s direction and moves side-to-side to provide transverse (横向的) movementduring the hover and early-transition-to-flight phases of operation; it also movesfore and aft to control speed and braking. Simply put, the LAMV is user friendly.The LAMV design incorporates a number of safety features. For starters, the LAMVhas multiple engines. Unlike any light helicopter or airplane, the LAMV has multipleengine nacelles (机舱), each with two computer-controlled Rota power engines. Theseengines operate independently and allow for a vertical controlled landing should either fail.The LAMV is aerodynamically stable. In the unlikely event that sufficient power is not available to land vertically, the LAMV’s stability and good glide slope allow the operator to maneuver to a safe area before using the air-frame parachutes (降落伞). Since computers contro1 the LAMV’s flight during hover and transition, the only operator input is to control speed and direction. Undesirable movements caused by wind gusts are prevented automatically.The LAMV’s potential military uses will be numerous. They include aerial medical evacuation., aerial reconnaissance (侦查), command and control, search and rescue, insertion of special operations forces, air assault operations, airborne operations, forcible-entry operations, military police mobility and maneuver support, communications retransmission, battlefield distribution for unit resupply, transport of individual and crew replacements, weapons platform, noncombatant evacuation operations, battlefield contractor transport, and battle damage assessment.Of course, the LAMV brings with it some obvious challenges. Its limited payload will be a negative factor. Its use will complicate Army airspace command and control. How the LAMV will be used in conjunction with forces under the joint force air component commander will have to be determined. LAMV support issues also require resolution. For example, operator selection and training, leader training, employment doctrine, LAMV basis-of-issue plans, and LAMV life-cycle management all require the Army’s attention.41.According to the passage, LAMV .(A) is developed by an academy (B) can’t fly as fast as an airplane(C) can take off upright and fly fast (D) is applied in civil transportation42.Light helicopter or airplane may ________ .(A) have two hands to control its speed and direction(B) have less engine nacelles than LAMV and therefore less security(C) have no computer-controlled Rota power engines in its system(D) lack flexible computer control in its taking off and landing43.What should the operator of LAMV do when power for vertical landing isinsufficient?(A) He should ask the monitoring center for help via computer.(B) He must leave the aircraft immediately with the help of parachutes.(C) He can effectively control the aircraft with some simple input.(D) He just waits LAMV to regain enough power for landing.44.Which of the following can be a possible disadvantage of LAMV?(A) Few people would support the application of LAMV.(B) Not all forces are willing to be commanded jointly.(C) Army airspace command and control would be in disorder.(D) LAMV can only carry a small crew or little cargo.Passage 2The world may be becoming a more female-friendly place but corporate boardroomare not, with women holding under 3 per cent of top management jobs in Western firms, according to a United Nations survey issued recently. The report entitled Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: Women in Management, is published by the International Labor Organization (ILO). The report, subtitled as Progress and obstacles to women’s equal professional and managerial status, presents the most recent trends on the situation of women in professional and managerial jobs. It also highlights some of the institutional and attitudinal prejudices that continue to hamper (妨碍) women’s progress into top jobs, and it describes good practices in support of women managers. Women make up over 40 per cent of the world’s workforce, but even when they make it through the “glass ceiling”—an invisible barrier of male-dominated prejudices and networks —— they earn far less than men, the ILO report said.“Almost universally, women have failed to reach leading position in major corporations and private sector organizations, irrespective of their responsibilities,” said author Linda Wirth. “The higher the position, the more glaring the gender gap.”The ILO said men traditionally rely on “old boy”networks to climb up the ladder. Women are more “invisible”in the corporate world because they are less keen on informal gatherings. They are also fighting a losing battle against sexual harassment.A British study found that women in one company subjected to continuing sexual harassment and bullying failed to achieve promotion whatever strategy they used, “protesting and complaining earned them the label of ‘feminist’ and ‘whining (抱怨)’, while trying to be one of the men invited further harassment,” the ILO report said.A survey of 300 companies in Britain last year found that just 3 per cent of board members were women. In the FTSE top 10 companies listed in Britain, Women held just 4 percent of directors’ posts, while female managers earned just 71 per cent of the salary of their male counterparts, the ILO report said.British female managers as a whole earned 83 per cent of the salaries of their male counterparts —— putting them ahead of their counterparts in most other countries.The situation in Germany was no better. A survey of 70,000 largest companies found that women there held just 1 to 3 per cent of the top executive and boardroom positions. The ILO also reported that the comparatively high proportion of women executives in large French companies —— 13 per cent —— was now falling again from the 80s levels.45.According to the ILO report, _______ .(A) women still face serious work problem at all levels of western firms(B) women no longer face work problems except in top management levels(C) there are serious problems facing women, especially in the boardrooms ofWestern firms(D) women are having a better time in the world, except in the boardrooms ofwestern firms46.What does the report mean by the term “glass ceiling”?(A) A level beyond which women can’t really be promoted.(B) A barrier of prejudices and networks that exists in some companies.(C) A barrier of prejudice that men pretend does not exist.(D) A level that women are trying to reach despite the difficulties put in theirway.47.The ILO report .(A) is optimistic, in that once women break into top positions, they do well(B) is pessimistic, in that even the few women who get top positions have smallersalaries(C) is optimistic, because there is a growing realization that women in toppositions do very well(D) is pessimistic, because no women ever reach the highest positions in westernboardrooms48.Which of the following strategies did women not use in their fight against sexualharassment?(A) Complaining. (B) Sexual harassment.(C) Protesting. (D) Trying to be friendly.Passage 3When Robert Shiller, a Yale economist and bestselling author, told a crowd of finance professors and economics students last spring that only 10 percent of his money was invested in stocks, they gasped.Managers might suggest anywhere from 50 to 90 percent. But 10 percent? This was heresy.How about 0 percent?That’s the share that investors should plow into domestic stocks, according to Ben Inker, director of asset allocation for Grantham, Mayo, and Van Otterloo & Co. (GMO), a money-management firm with some $85 billion in assets.Welcome to a contrarian view of today’s equity markets. A small but vocal band of heretics is calling into question not only the profit potential of stocks but also the foundation for conventional wisdom about investing. Even for those who disagree with them, their arguments serve as a reality check for the market.Are conventional portfolio really as safe as experts say?“Don’t be surprised that the Wall Street brokerage firms spend most of their time telling you that stocks are cheap,” warns Mr. Inker. “Wall Street likes the market. It likes trading. Wall Street makes a lot more money off of trading stocks than trading bonds.”The trick is to determine your portfolio’s exposure to risk, analysts say. And that depends - to a surprisingly large degree — on how diversified it is and how long you’re prepared to stay the course. These are key elements of “modern portfolio theory,” which came into being in the 1950s and eventually won its creator, Harry Markowitz, a Nobel Prize.Essentially, portfolio theory holds that investors reap the greatest return with the least risk when they allocate their money among diverse classes of assets, hold them for the long term, and rebalance the portfolio when the various classes of assets stray too far from their original allocation.To make it work, you need to own asset classes that don’t move in lock step, make accurate estimates of their future returns, and use a very long time horizon.A miscalculation in even one of these steps, however, can seriously hurt the prospects for reaching your ultimate goal.“The long-term nature is the driving force of the portfolio,” says Jerry Korabilk, vice president of Ibbotson Associates, a Chicago-based asset allocation adviser. “All of our clients are institutions, and we develop portfolios with 10-, 20-, even 30-year time horizons.”Riding the roller coasterThus, investors should never try to get in and out of the market at specific times, the theory holds. Instead, they should ride the inevitable ebb and flow of prices. If they have allocated their money correctly, some portion of their portfolio will almost always be making money. By rebalancing their portfolios periodically — selling off some of the winning asset classes and buying more of the losers —they are continually buying low and selling high, at least in a relative sense.This buy-and-hold strategy has won over hordes of investors. The average Fidelity retirement account has nearly 60 percent of its money in stocks, a recent study found. The overall average for retirement accounts: 61 percent, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute. Even equity allocations for college and university endowments hover around 57.1 percent, says the National Association of College and University Business Officers.The problem is that investors sometimes have to be extraordinarily patient for the strategy to pay off. In 1981, for example, the S& P 500 Index stood at the same level it first achieved in 1965. Today the index is about 30 percent lower than its peak in 2000. Do investors really have to put up with such long periods of losses?Profits of impatienceNo, say a small contingent of money managers. By avoiding the stock market as their primary engine for profit during the past five years, several of these managers have posted good returns.Take the Permanent Portfolio Fund. Unlike many balanced funds, which diversify primarily between stocks and bonds, it encompasses a much wider variety of assets: 20 percent gold bullion and coins, 5 percent silver bullion and coins, 10 percent Swiss franc denominated assets (typically Swiss government bonds), 15 percent US and foreign real estate and natural-resource company stocks, 15 percent aggressive-growth stocks, and 35 percent in dollar assets (Treasury securities in varying maturities and also short-term, high-grade bonds).Over the past five years, while the S & P 500 has slipped backward, the Permanent Portfolio Fund has averaged a startling 10.1 percent growth per year.“We don’t correlate to any index because we own different assets,” says the fund’s manager, Michael Cuggino. “In markets where stocks and equities are going sideways or down, we perform very well because our diversification is much broader. If equities go gangbusters like in the ’90s, clearly we are going to under-perform because we won’t be totally in stocks.”Indeed, the fund lagged significantly during the boom years of the 1990s, causingaverage annual returns for the decade to trail the S & P 500 by four percentage points.49.In the last paragraph, “The fund lagged significantly during the boom yearsof the 1990s, causing average annual returns for the decade to trail the S & P 500 by four percentage points.” We see from this sentence that .(A) the fund’s performance during the 1990s is very poor(B) the fund lost money during the 1990s(C) the fund did exceedingly well during the 1990s(D) the fund’s profits were not good enough50.In the last 2nd paragraph, “If equities go gangbusters like in the 1990s, clearlywe are going to under-perform because we won’t be totally in stocks.”We know from this sentence all of the following except that .(A) the 1990s saw a booming stock market(B) “we” underperformed during the 1990s(C) “we” are not totally in stocks(D) “we” will change our course of action51.According to “modern portfolio theory,” we should .(A) buy one single kind of stocks(B) buy stocks whose prices fluctuates the same pace(C) never sell our stocks(D) sell stocks whose prices go relatively too high in our portfolio52.What attitude does the author have towards conventional portfolios?(A) Skeptical. (B) Scathing. (C) Boastful. (D) Detached.Passage 4The European online fashion business is fierce. Just ask backers of one-time highfliers like , the urban sportswear retailer that tanked last year, and , the struggling men’s wear specialist. Those once stellar online brands expanded too fast, spent much more than they earned, and then lost their investor support after Internet stocks began plummeting last April. The markets sent online fashion stores a tough message: Come up with business models that generate revenues.A few firms have shown that not all online fashion shops are Internet disasters. Copenhagen-based , the online designer-label discount store, Sweden’s sportswear vendor Sportus and the Italian shirts store Marco Bracci are doing well in a very tough environment.Habufi’s distinctive business model is an Internet version of the factory outlet where brand manufacturers sell directly to consumers at lower prices from huge out-of-town shopping malls. A concept used in the U.S. far more than in Europe, and Haburi wants to fill the gap. Michael Vad, Haburi’s CEO, says that Europe’s apparel factory outlet sector could yield $10 billion in sales annually.According to Vad, national regulations that limit malls outside city centers have hampered the development of this sector. “For the consumer, there’s the two-hour drive to the mall, and when you get there you don’t know whether you’ll get the size or color you want,”says Vad. By going online, Haburi aims to cut the retailer’s costs, save consumers the long drive, and deliver orders within two to five days. Haburi splits net revenue 50-50 with the brand manufacturers.Haburi already has about 30,000 online customers. The additional $12 million invested in Haburi last June indicates investors will still back business-to-consumer Internet companies, but only if they have a solid strategic vision and not just a fashionable whim spurred by Internet hype. So where did Dressmart and go wrong? “They were supposed to run out of money. They were among the companies that only got investment money if they promised very rapid expansion,”observes Ola Ahlvarsson, Stockholm-based CEO of Result Venture Knowledge International, a venture capital firm that controls Sportus. But the rules have changed since Internet stocks dived last year.Apparel is difficult to sell online because people like to feel and touch the clothes they buy. For the online retailer, acquiring the items, inspecting them, cleaning and storing them before shipping orders, plus handling returns, can be expensive. “The cost of customer service in the apparel business is much higher than selling books or even furniture,” says Matthew Nordan, a retail analyst at Forrester Research’s Amsterdam office. Unless linked to a major established operation, an online retailer needs a competitive edge. For example, Italian shirt maker Marco Bracci sells expensive goods for high profits and has cornered a niche market. Dressmart, on the other hand, tried to do too much too soon. Originally it planned to sell only shirts and to make the original Swedish operation profitable before branching out. But within months it tried to go pan-European and sell everything including ties, shoes and sportswear, and to rent physical outlets at airports. Dressmart, on the verge of bankruptcy and searching for a backer, has now scaled back and operates only in Sweden.Ahlvarsson says one-year-old Sportus, currently trading in the Netherlands, Finland, Sweden and Norway, succeeds by keeping costs to a minimum, unlike which spent around $125 million in its brief existence. “ also bought its technology for about $10 million. That’s unrealistic. We spent $300,000 on ours and it works like clockwork,”Ahlvarsson claims. “In the Internet world, they think the guy with the most marketing money will win. It is, in fact, the guy with the best management team and supporting organization.”Despite its apparent success, CEO Vad admits that the recent shakeout in online clothes retailers has affected Ilaburi. “We’re going to postpone our Asian launch. We need to build our brands and get the right sales volume and be a lot smarter,”he says. In other words, the successful online fashion retailers are the ones that stick to their knitting.53.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?(A) Those once highfliers like boo. com and have tanked.(B) The fall of these online fashion businesses caused the fall of Internetstocks.(C) Online fashion stores learned a tough lesson: online fashion shops aredisastrous.(D) The online brands have never been successful.54.The author says that “Haburi wants to fill the gap”. What does it mean?(A) Haburi will try to make up the loss caused by the plummeted Internet stocks.(B) Haburi will increase its output to make up the need of the customers.(C) Haburi will use the business concept popular in America and in Europe.(D) Haburi will build more out-of-town shopping malls as Americans do.55.Which of the following reasons contributes to the failure of many online fashionbusinesses?(A) They don’t have management team and supporting organization.(B) They don’t have enough money to buy new technology.(C) Their expansion of operation is too fast before they make profits.(D) No investor is interested in online fashion businesses.56.According to the passage, Italian shirt maker Marco Bracci .(A) has lost its market because of its high cost of expansion(B) hasn’t made profits because the high cost of expansion(C) has obtained a certain market through its special operation(D) has now scaled back and operates only in SwedenPassage 5Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be, music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, and that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime. By closing the eyes and slumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation. Children, who play life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live worthily, but who think they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book, that “there was a king’s son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought up by a forester, and, growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which he lived. One of his father’s ministers having discovered him, revealed to him what he was, and the misconception of his character was removed, and he knew himself to be a prince. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahma.” We think that is which appears to be. If a man should give us an account of the realities he beheld, we should not recognize the place in his description. Look at a meeting-house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop, or a dwelling-house, and say what that thing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in your account of them. Men esteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adam and after the last man. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all these times and places and occasions are now and here, God himself culminates in the present。

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题精解S e c t i o n I U s e o fE n g l i s h总体分析来源:T h e E c o n o m i s t‘经济学人“2009.06.04㊂文章主要介绍了社会学㊁管理学领域的经典理论 霍桑效应 的产生及其遭到的质疑㊂试题精解1.[A]影响[B]获得,达到[C]提取;获得[D]恢复,修复[解析]本句介绍1924年霍桑工厂实验的目的㊂空格下文③句t h ev e r y...o fb e i n g...c h a n g e d s u b j e c t s b e h a v i o r表明实验内容涉及 什么因素会改变工人(受试者)的行为 ,因此判断空格所在部分表达 照明如何造成工人生产效率的变化 之意,[A]a f f e c t(对 产生影响或造成变化)正确㊂2.[A]在 结束[B]最终成为;最终处于[C]以 结束[D]结束,中止[解析]上文以I t h o p e d t h e y w o u l d...引出研究目的;空格句中I n s t e a d说明实验的结论与预期不同;e n du p d o i n g s t h强调结果出人意料,[B]u p正确㊂[C](e n d e d)w i t h表明 某事结束前最后一部分的内容 ,而 冠以名字 并非研究的收场内容,无法体现 结果与预期的不同 ;且其接s t h,而非d o i n g s t h㊂3.[A]真相,事实[B]景象;看见[C]行为,举动[D]证明,证据[解析]空格所在部分o f表明 b e i n g e x p e r i m e n t e d(受试) 是对 空格词 的具体说明,即改变受试者行为的,正是 受试的 ㊂能够被 受试 修饰,同时可发出 改变受试者行为 动作的只有[C]a c t㊂4.[A]有争议的[B]令人费解的[C]调皮的;恶意的[D]模棱两可的;不明确的[解析]空格句下文介绍女工行为:无论照明变强还是变弱,只要光照有变化,效率就会提高㊂而已知实验预期是了解 照明如何影响生产效率 ,故对于研究者而言,女工表现令人不解,[B]p e r p l e x i n g正确㊂[D]a m b i g u o u s表示 有多种解释或不明确 ,女工的行为(产出增加)很明确,也不涉及多种解释㊂5.[A]所需的东西;要求[B]解释,说明[C]描述,说明[D]评估,评价[解析]A c c o r d i n g t o表明 o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t 是主干内容的依据, 无论变亮还是变暗,效率都增加 是对实验现象的客观说明,[C]a c c o u n t s正确㊂文中不涉及 实验原因的说明 ,排除[B]㊂6.[A]得出结论;推断[B]事关紧要;重要[C]显示,表明[D]有效,起作用[解析]空格句中p r o d u c t i v i t y r o s e是对上句的总结,故两句语义一致,均是对实验结果的说明,即表示 不管照明如何改变,生产率都提高 ,因此空格部分应表示 实验做了什么不重要,关键是情况有所变化 ,[B]m a t t e r常用于i t d o e s n tm a t t e r...结构中,表示 不重要 ,符合文意㊂7.[A]就 而言[B]以免,唯恐[C]以防万一;如果[D]只要[解析]上题已推出③句大致内容:实验中做什么不重要,重要的是有变化;即只要某些事物改变,生产效率就会提高,即 某事有变化 是 生产效率提高 的充分条件,[D]s o l o n g a s正确㊂8.[A]认识,意识[B]预期;期望[C]情绪;观点[D]幻想;错觉[解析]由上段末 t h e v e r y a c t...c h a n g e d...b e h a v i o r 可知,此处重申 霍桑效应 ,故应表达类似含义;选项都涉及 主观思维 ,可反向推知 被试本身改变受试者行为是通过影响其思维实现的 ,再结合上文 照明无论如何变,效率都提高 可判定:因为知道正在受试,故工人行为改变,[A]a w a r e n e s s正确㊂9.[A]适合的,合适的[B]过多的[C]足够的,充分的[D]丰富的,充裕的[解析]由上文可知,实验中只要有因素改变,生产率就会提高,故空格处也应体现该充分条件关系,e n o u g h t od o表示 (程度)足以 的 ,[C]e n o u g h正确㊂10.[A]关于[B]为了[C]关于,涉及[D]凭借1[解析]反身代词i t s e l f指代主语a w a r e n e s s㊂由上题分析可知,意识到被当作实验对象这一点就足以改变工人行为㊂b y i t s e l f为固定搭配,强调 仅仅这一意识,不需要其他条件 ,[D]b y正确㊂11.[A]被比较,比作[B]被展示给[C]经受;经历,遭受[D]被运送,传递到[解析]空格处需填入被动态动词,呈现d a t a与a n a l y s i s的被动关系;而 数据 是 分析 的对象,s u b j e c t s b/s t h t o s t h可表示 让某人/事经受特定的行为 ,文中表示 这些数据被用于分析检验 ,[C]正确㊂12.[A]与 相反[B]与 一致[C]与 平行的;与 类似[D]特有的[解析]上文霍桑效应最初结论 只要光照改变,生产率就提高 与本句t h a t从句吻合,n o...w a sf o u n d对其否定,可知 之前实验描述 与 新分析结果 相反,[A]C o n t r a r y t o正确㊂13.[A]根据,证据[B]引导,指导[C]含意;暗指[D]来源;根源[解析]t h a t从句解释空格处:生产率与照明变化相关㊂上题分析已知新分析结果与之前实验结论相反,故空格部分含义应是:新实验未发现 两者间存在关联 的证据,[A]e v i d e n c e正确㊂14.[A]有争议的[B]有启发性的[C]可靠的[D]误导的,使人误信的[解析]上段末指出,无系统证据表明生产率和照明变化有关,即 之前实验结论也许有误 ;空格句解释 有误 原因,故空格词应表示 有误 ,[D]m i s l e a d i n g正确㊂空格词修饰i n t e r p r e t a t i o n so fw h a th a p p e n e d,即 初次实验结果的解释 ,该解释当时被认为正确,不存在争议,排除[A]d i s p u t a b l e㊂15.[A]与 相反,相比之下[B]例如[C]因此[D]照旧,像往常一样[解析]从①句t h e p e c u l i a rw a y o f c o n d u c t i n g t h ee x p e r i m e n t s到②句l i g h t i n g w a s a l w a y s c h a n g e d o naS u n d a y明显是 概括(总体)ң具体(典型) 的关系,能反映这一关系的只有[B]F o r e x a m p l e㊂16.[A]如期地;适时地;按时地[B]偶然地[C]不可预测地[D]突然地[解析]上文②句 照明总在周日改变 是 常态变化 ㊂由第二段②③句实验描述 照明条件改变,产出增加 可知, 周一产量增加 也应和 周日照明改变 一样,是在预期中的常态,[A]d u l y正确㊂17.[A]未能[B]停止[C]开始[D]继续[解析]⑤句表明,工人产出在前几天都 比较高 ,因此可推知在接下来的两三天应该 保持或继续上升 ;空格后f o r t h en e x t c o u p l e o f d a y s为一段时间,故空格处为延续性动词,[D]c o n t i n u e d正确㊂18.[A]因此,所以[B]此外,而且[C]然而[D]同时;另一方面[解析]由空格上文和空格句可知,无论做不做实验,工人产出情况都一样;而已知首次实验结论是 做实验导致工人行为变化 ,本次实验结果无疑令人意外,能体现这一逻辑的只有[C]H o w e v e r㊂19.[A]尝试,试图[B]往往会,常常就[C]选择;情愿[D]打算;意欲[解析]i na n y c a s e强调这是工人的规律性行为,不因是否进行实验而改变,故空格句是对上文规律性现象的总结,[B]t e n d e d(t o)符合文意㊂其他三项均表示工人的主观行为,与 客观规律性 不符㊂20.[A]打破,突破[B]攀登,攀爬[C]超过,超越[D]达到,到达[解析]空格句中f o r t h e f i r s t f e wd a y s㊁b e f o r e㊁a n d t h e n串联起工人的一周工作状态:勤奋ң稳定状态懒散下来,故空格部分应表示 到达稳定高点 ,[D]h i t t i n g(a p l a t e a u)(达到稳定阶段)正确㊂全文翻译年,美国国家研究委员会派出两名工程师到芝加哥附近一家名为霍桑工厂的电话配件厂指导一系列实验研究㊂该委员会希望能弄清楚车间照明是如何影响工人的生产效率的㊂然而,这些研究最终被命名为 霍桑效应 ,这一极具影响力的观点就是,正是受试这一行为改变了实验对象的行为方式㊂该观点的形成源于工厂女工令人费解的行为㊂根据实验的描述,照明强度增加时,女工每小时的产出增加,照明强度减少时,亦是如此㊂实验中做什么无关紧要;只要发生了某种变化,生产效率就会提高㊂仅仅是意识到自己正被当作实验对象似乎就足以改变工人的行为㊂2几十年后,研究者对同一实验数据进行了计量经济分析㊂霍桑实验有了另外一个令人吃惊的结果㊂与所记录的描述相反,没有发现系统的证据表明生产效率的水平与照明变化之间存在关联㊂结果表明,进行实验的特殊方式可能导致了对所发生情况的误导性解释㊂例如,照明条件总是在周日改变㊂当周一重新开工时,工人的产出与上周六相比如期上升了,并在接下来的两三天持续上升㊂然而,与未进行实验的几周的数据对比显示,周一工人的产出总是会上升㊂无论什么情况,工人在一周的前几天往往都会勤奋工作,直至达到一个稳定状态,然后懒散下来㊂这表明,所谓的 霍桑效应 是很难解释清楚的㊂S e c t i o n I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a r tAT e x t1总体分析来源:C o m m e n t a r y‘评论“2007.11㊂文章作者抚今追昔,对英语报刊艺术评论不可遏止的衰落趋势表达了遗憾之情㊂全文脉络:引出全文所要论述的现象(第一段) 追溯报纸艺术评论曾经的辉煌,并初步探寻如今报纸艺术评论持续衰落的原因(第二㊁三段) 以卡达斯为例直叙报纸艺术评论如今的衰落之势,并进一步明确原因(第四㊁五段)㊂试题精解21.第一㊁二段表明㊂[A]艺术评论已经从大城市报纸上消失了[B]英文报纸过去常刊载更多的艺术评论[C]高品质的报纸留住大批读者[D]年轻读者怀疑评论文章是否适合刊登在日报上[锁定答案]首段指出英语报纸中艺术报道的范围和严肃性不可遏止的衰落趋势㊂第二段指出,过去在大多数都市报纸上都能够读到高品质的艺术评论;20世纪出版的重要艺术评论文集里报纸评论占据大半㊂可见英文报纸过去常刊载更多的艺术评论,[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]将第二段①句 如今读者很难想象昔日报刊评论之盛况 篡改为 艺术评论已经从大城市报纸上消失 ,且艺术评论只是衰落而非消亡㊂[C]糅杂首两段信息和惯有认知(报纸品质高则读者多),错误推出 高质量报纸留住了大部分读者 ,且文章聚焦的是新闻评论的质量,而非报纸的质量㊂[D]将第二段③句人们对(昔日)将高质量评论发表在日报上表示赞叹改为与之完全相悖的表示怀疑㊂[提炼思路]本题考查归纳概括细节信息的能力,此类题目正确项多为对原文信息的概括总结或同义改写,干扰项常在原文信息的基础上强加关联或篡改语义,本题正确项[B]准确概括第二段主旨㊂22.二战前英国报纸评论的特点是㊂[A]主题自由[B]风格随意[C]布局精心[D]观点激进[锁定答案]由题干定位到第三段首句,本句承上段指出,与现在截然不同的是,二战前报纸评论涵盖的内容非常广泛,包罗万象,[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]源自段中s t y l i s h,但该词指评论的文体讲究㊁华丽,并非 随意 ㊂且T h e i r sw a sa s e r i o u s b u s i n e s s也表明评论家们写作态度严肃认真,而非选项中 随意的 ㊂[C]e l a b o r a t e虽涵盖②句i n d e t a i l a n d a t l e n g t h之意,但 布局 偏离文段关注焦点 艺术评论的内容和风格 ㊂[D]将s e r i o u sb u s i-n e s s误解为 评论家的观点激进 ,但s e r i o u s指 工作态度 问题,与其所持观点无关㊂[提炼思路]正确项所言特点在文中要有所凭据,该特点所修饰的对象也应符合原文㊂本题中干扰项[B]c a s u a l与s e r i o u s相悖;[D]r a d i c a l v i e w p o i n t对s e r i o u s n e s s推导过度;[C]e l a b o r a t e虽然符合文意,但其所修饰的l a y o u t却与原文不符㊂323.萧伯纳和纽曼最可能同意以下哪种说法?[A]实现新闻工作的目标是作家的职责㊂[B]作家们不屑去做新闻工作者㊂[C]作家很可能受到吸引从事新闻写作㊂[D]并不是所有作家都能胜任新闻写作㊂[锁定答案]根据题干定位至第三段㊂该段⑤句指出,N e w m a n认为 能拥有足够的智慧和文学天赋从事新闻写作的作家寥寥无几 ,又由③④句可知S h a w和N e w m a n被当作那个时代评论家的典型代表一并提及,可知二人观点接近,[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]利用④句 ...b e l i e v e d i n j o u r n a l i s ma s a c a l l i n g 干扰,将主观意愿(b e l i e v e i n)偷换成客观要求(d u t y)㊂[B]对末句d e f i n e j o u r n a l i s m a s a t e r mo f c o n t e m p t... 断章取义,此处是平庸作家对新闻写作者的嘲讽,而非纽曼的观点㊂[C]用t e m p t e d干扰,实际上N e w m a n认为新闻写作门槛极高,能够胜任之人很少,因此很多作家实际非但不会被这一职业吸引,反而可能望而却步㊂[提炼思路]确定人物观点时需注意,直接引语及诸如t h i n k,b e l i e v e,c o n t e n d等转述标识词是传达人物观点的重要标志㊂本文中第三段③句开始引入S h a w和N e w m a n,但④⑤句才将二者作为主语,且带有b e l i e v e d i n,w r o t e这样的观点标识词,应成为分析重点㊂24.从最后两段,我们可以获知有关卡达斯的什么信息?[A]他的音乐评论对当今读者可能已没什么吸引力了㊂[B]他作为音乐评论家享有的声誉长久以来饱受争议㊂[C]他的风格主要迎合现代专业人士㊂[D]他写作的文章未能遵循业余传统㊂[锁定答案]第四段指出:作为英国最重要的音乐评论家之一,卡达斯大量作品除专业人士外,现在已无人知晓㊂第五段③句进而明确指出,后现代的读者不再需要卡达斯所擅长的华丽散文了,[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]将四段首两句强调卡达斯作为严肃音乐评论家的声誉 已被遗忘 误解为其 饱受争议 (i nd i s p u t e)㊂[C]将四段⑤句指出的 卡达斯音乐评论除专业人士外鲜有人知 的客观情况篡改为卡达斯主观上 迎合专业人士 ㊂[D]与事实相反,由第五段末句指出的音乐评论业余传统迅速衰落(乃卡达斯式音乐评论难以复兴的另一原因)可知,卡达斯式音乐评论是遵循着业余传统的㊂[提炼思路]题干给出的信息不多时,需要直接以选项为线索从两方面着手:①以C a r d u s本人为中心,从选项所切入的角度(中心词m u s i c c r i t i c i s m㊁r e p u t a t i o n㊁s t y l e㊁w r i t i n g s)出发,寻找原文以该角度阐述的内容;②以选项提及的其他对象为中心(即r e a d e r s t o d a y㊁m o d e r ns p e c i a l i s t s㊁a m a t e u r t r a d i t i o n),分析原文中其与C a r d u s的真正关联㊂25.本文最好的题目是什么?[A]报纸令人追忆的美好时代[B]报纸上消失的视域[C]新闻业令人悲哀的衰落[D]记忆中杰出的评论家[锁定答案]本文开篇直陈主旨:英文报纸艺术报道已不可遏止地衰落;第二㊁三段追述往昔艺术评论曾盛极一时的情况;末两段以一位辉煌时期代表评论家例证这一趋势,明确复兴前景渺茫的事实㊂通篇都在传达一个信息:艺术评论正逐渐从报纸上消失,[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]中t h eG o o dO l dD a y s源自第二㊁三段对过去辉煌的追溯,但未涉及文章着意凸显的 衰微现状 ;且原文论述的中心在于 艺术评论 而非 报纸 ㊂[C]将全文主题词 艺术评论 偷换成更大范围的 新闻业 ㊂[D]源自最后两段对C a r d u s的追忆,但对其音乐评论的遗忘只是论证艺术评论衰落的论据,并非全文主旨㊂[提炼思路]解答标题形式的主旨题时,要回顾各段主要内容后概括提炼整篇主题㊂标题必须包含文章的论述对象及其发生了什么;以偏概全和扩大外延是常用干扰手段㊂如本题,正确项包含本文论述主题 艺术评论 和其 衰落之势 ,干扰项或扩大论述对象的外延([A][C]),或以偏概全([D])㊂4全文翻译英文报纸过去25年间发生的所有变化中,影响最为深远的或许就是其艺术报道范围和严肃性已呈不可遏止的衰落之势㊂对于40岁以下的普通读者而言,他们难以,甚至根本无法想象一个能在大多数大都市报纸上读到高质量艺术评论的时代㊂然而20世纪出版的相当多的最具重要影响的评论文集大部分由报纸评论组成㊂若今日再来阅读这些文集,会惊叹于这样一个事实:里面这些广博精深的内容曾被认为适合刊登在面向大众发行的日报上㊂我们与20世纪初至二战前夕英国的杂感式报纸评论就更是无缘了,当时,新闻用纸价廉如土,风格独特的艺术评论被看作是对刊登它的出版物的一种装饰㊂在那个遥远的年代,各大报纸的评论家们会对所报道的事件撰写详尽入微的评论,这被视作理所当然㊂他们从事的是严肃的工作,人们信任,即便是那些以轻松活泼的方式展现自己学问的评论家,如萧伯纳和欧内斯特㊃纽曼,也都清楚自己在做什么㊂这些人相信新闻写作是他们的天职,并为自己的文章能发表在日报上而感到自豪㊂ 能够拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋能尽职尽责做好新闻写作工作本分的作家是如此之少 ,纽曼写道, 以至于我不禁想把 新闻写作 定义成为 没读者的作家对有读者作家的蔑称 ㊂遗憾的是,这些评论家几乎被完全遗忘了㊂内维尔㊃卡达斯从1917年到1975年去世前不久,一直在为‘曼彻斯特卫报“撰写评论文章,可现在仅以板球比赛短评撰写人为人所知㊂但是,在他的一生之中,他也是英国最优秀的古典音乐评论家之一,他同时还是一位文体家,如此之广受赞誉,以致于其‘自传“(1947年出版)成为一本畅销书㊂1967年,他受封为爵士,是第一位享有如此殊荣的音乐评论家㊂然而现如今,他的著作中只有一本仍在印行,他大量的乐评作品除了专业人士之外,无人知晓㊂卡达斯的评论还有再度盛行的可能吗?前景似乎非常渺茫㊂早在他去世前的很长一段时间,新闻业的品味就已经改变㊂后现代的读者们几乎不再喜欢他所专长的极其华丽的维多利亚 爱德华时期风格的散文㊂更何况,音乐评论的业余传统已经迅速走向衰落㊂T e x t2总体分析来源:B u s i n e s s w e e k‘商业周刊“2008.02.21㊂文章主要分析了美国专利法庭 过去十年大量颁发商业方法专利,如今则准备大幅缩减该类专利规模 的巨大转变㊂全文脉络:介绍现象(第一㊁二段) 评论现象(第三㊁四段) 分析现象发生的背景(第五段)㊂试题精解26.商业方法专利最近引起关注是因为㊂[A]它们对企业的价值有限[B]它们与资产配置相关[C]它们的授予可能受到限制[D]它们的获批引起争议[锁定答案]根据题干定位至第二段首两句,此两句指出知识产权律师议论纷纷的原因是:最高专利法庭将广泛复审商业方法专利,并已准备好削减此类专利数量㊂由此可见,[C]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]由 首段暗含的作者对商业方法专利授予过多的不认同态度(w h a t a r e c a l l e d...) 和 第二段权威当局拟对这类专利进行限制 过度推断出 所有的商业方法专利价值有限 ㊂[B]由首段③句中a s s e t a l l o c a t i o n而来,但该句仅为 过去10年来无数商业方法专利被授予 的例子,不涉及 新近商业方法专利何以引争议 ㊂[D]将第二段①句中时间10y e a r s a g o偷换成r e c e n t l y,将多年以来存在的争议说成 新近引发关注 ㊂[提炼思路]以 今昔对比 开篇的文章,命题人或聚焦过去,或直接考查当前情况㊂应仔细审题,首先从宏观上判断考点聚焦的是过去还是当前,排除题干聚焦之外的内容,再对剩余选项进行细节过滤㊂本题题干r e c e n t l y表明考查点落于 今 ,先排除与过去情况相关的[B]和[D];再确定[A]和[C]何者为5题干 商业方法专利引发关注 的 因 ㊂27.有关比尔斯基案,以下哪项是正确的?[A]对它的裁决符合法庭的决议㊂[B]它涉及一项非常大的商业交易㊂[C]它已被联邦巡回法庭驳回㊂[D]它可能会改变美国的法律实践㊂[锁定答案]第二段④句指出比尔斯基案可能导致一整类专利的撤销㊂换言之,该案可能会改变美国现有的法律实践,[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]杂糅文中信息编造选项,根据第四段②句中w o u l d b e h e a r d可推知比尔斯基案尚未做出终审判决㊂[B]将第二段③句中a v e r y b i g d e a l(非常重要的事)错误理解为 非常大的商业交易 ㊂[C] 已经被驳回 与第四段②句中w o u l db eh e a r d(即将听审)表明尚未做出判决相矛盾㊂[提炼思路]本题为细节推理题的典型提问方式,选项含有m a y或其他表示可能性的副词,且同时内容涉及 较大的影响力 ,为正确项的概率较大,应首先仔细确认该项与主题是否契合㊂解答本题时,先由t h eB i l s k i c a s e迅速定位至第二段③④句;然后通过选项措辞及内容,判断[D]可能正确;再根据文章主题:现在美国专利法庭意欲缩减商业方法专利数量,今昔变化凸显美国专利相关法律实践或遭改变,最终确定选项㊂28.第三段第一行中 a b o u t-f a c e 一词的含义最可能是㊂[A]善意的缺失[B]敌意的增加[C]态度的转变[D]尊严的提升[锁定答案]被考词所在句实为因果句:1998年引入商业方法专利并使之合法化的是联邦巡回法院,而现在要控制此类专利的也是联邦巡回法院,所以法院此举预示其在专利态度上的巨大转变,[C]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]l o s s o f g o o d w i l l实与[B]i n c r e a s eo fh o s t i l i t y语义重复,均因a b o u t-f a c e字面含义 翻脸 而来,不可能同时正确,所以都排除㊂[D]d i g n i t y利用a b o u t-f a c e中f a c e 脸面 设置干扰,但文中a b o u t-f a c e与 脸面,尊严 毫无关系㊂[提炼思路]词汇题破解关键隐藏在上下文中,考查词汇或短语附近往往有一些提示词,通常会以同义词或者反义词的形式出现㊂本题中a b o u t-f a c e之前是c u r b 控制 ,之后是i n t r o d u c e d 引入 和a p-p r o v i n g 赞同 ,由此可知两者是对立关系,只有[C]能体现对立关系㊂29.我们可以从最后两段了解到商业方法专利㊂[A]不受法律质疑的影响[B]其授予常常很不必要[C]削弱对专利持有者的敬重[D]增加风险的发生率[锁定答案]第五段②句明确指出:最高法院大法官们认为过多无新意的 发明 被授予了专利㊂换言之,作者想借最高法院法官们之言来说明太多商业方法专利的颁发实无必要㊂[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]与第二段④句h a s t h e p o t e n t i a l t oe l i m i n a t e a ne n t i r e c l a s so f p a t e n t s㊁第三段①句C u r b s o nb u s i n e s s-m e t h o d c l a i m e㊁第五段③句t h e a n t i-p a t e n t t r e n d a t t h eS u p r e m eC o u r t深层暗示的 商业方法专利已经受到法律质疑,将面临严重的法律威胁 相悖㊂[C]由第五段②句 太多专利被授予无新意的发明 过度推出 商业专利拉低了专利持有者本应得到的敬重 ㊂[D]将第四段①句中 规避风险 偷换成 增加风险发生率 ㊂[提炼思路]解答 针对末段考查的细节题,题干不涉及任何具体信息或仅给出全文聚焦对象 的题目时,必须胸怀大局,切忌被旁枝末节牵绊㊂由作者首段便暗示此类专利有滥发之嫌㊁随后介绍专利法庭的新近举措及法庭 引入者ң制约者 态度逆转可知,作者认同 如此多的商业方法专利中许多都名不副实 ,符合这一内容的是[B]㊂30.以下哪项是本文的主题?[A]商业方法专利的一个潜在威胁㊂[B]对商业方法专利持有人的保护㊂[C]有关商业方法专利的一项法律案例㊂[D]一种不利于商业方法专利的普遍趋势㊂[锁定答案]首两段引出现象(即全文主题) 最高专利法庭意欲减少商业方法专利的授予 ;第三㊁四段评价现象 这是专利法庭的180度态度大逆转 ;第五段分析现象原因 应最高法院反(商业方法)专利6趋势而为 ㊂由此可见,全文围绕 法庭准备对商业方法专利做出限制 展开论述,[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]将全文主题 限制对商业方法专利持有人的保护 篡改为 保护 本身㊂[C]错将细节当作主题,且文中讨论了两个法律案例(而非一个),对它们的论述都是为了证明商业方法专利面临威胁㊂[D]将商业方法专利受到的威胁是 逼近的㊁潜在的(p o t e n t i a l) 偷换为 普遍的,盛行的(p r e v a i l i n g) ㊂[提炼思路]主旨题的解题技巧在于仔细辨别选项信息,尤其是选项与原文相关句的结构和词汇相似时,更要注意是否有关键词汇被偷换㊂如本题,若不细读,很容易误选[D]项㊂但文中法院还未对相关案件做出明确裁决,因此商业方法专利受到的威胁和反对尚未 普遍㊁盛行 ㊂全文翻译过去十年间,成千上万项专利被授给了所谓的 商业方法 ㊂亚马逊公司因其 一键式 在线支付系统获得了一项专利㊂美林集团因其某种资产配置策略获得了法律保护㊂某发明者取得了一种提箱技术的专利㊂现在国家最高专利法庭似乎完全准备好缩减商业方法专利的数量,这类专利自十年前首次获批以来就一直备受争议㊂在一次令知识产权律师们议论纷纷的举措中,美国联邦巡回上诉法院宣称,它将利用一起特殊案件对商业方法专利开展广泛复审㊂这个被熟知为比尔斯基案的案件 事关重大 ,密苏里大学法学院的丹尼斯㊃D㊃克劳奇说,它 有撤销一整类专利的潜力 ㊂对商业方法专利申请的限制也许是一次戏剧性的180度逆转,因为正是联邦巡回法院自己在1998年被称为 道富银行案 的裁决中引入了此类专利,批准了一项共同基金资产筹集方法的专利㊂那项裁决导致了商业方法专利申请卷宗的激增,起初是新兴网络公司试图对特定类型的在线交易占得专有权㊂后来,更多的老牌公司竞相将此类专利归入其卷宗,哪怕只是作为一项防御性措施以防范可能先发制人的竞争对手㊂2005年,I B M在一份法院案卷中注意到自己被授予了300多项商业方法专利,尽管它质疑授予这些专利的法律依据㊂无独有偶,一些华尔街投资公司也都以金融产品专利来武装自己,即使它们在法庭案例中表示反对这一做法㊂比尔斯基案涉及一项规避能源市场风险方法的专利申请㊂联邦巡回法院发布了一项不同寻常的指令,宣称此案将由该法院全体12名法官听审,而不是典型的三人组听审,并且宣称法院想要评估一个问题,即,是否需要 重新审议 对道富银行案的裁决㊂联邦巡回法院的(上述)行动紧随最高法院近期一连串缩小专利持有人受保护范围的决议之后㊂比如,去年4月,法官们表示太多的专利授给了平淡无奇的 发明 ㊂联邦巡回法院的法官们正在 对最高法院的反专利趋势作出反应 ,身兼专利律师和乔治华盛顿大学法学院教授的哈拉尔德㊃C㊃韦格纳说㊂T e x t3总体分析来源:H a r v a r dB u s i n e s sR e v i e w‘哈佛商业评论“㊂本文属于典型的观点论证型文章,在批驳 社会流行潮主要由少数有影响力人士推动 观点(即:两级流动理论)的同时提出社会流行潮形成的真正关键是 易受影响的大众 (即:实为多级流动)㊂试题精解31.通过引用‘引爆点“一书,作者意在㊂[A]分析社会流行潮的后果[B]探讨有影响力人士在传播观点中的作用[C]例证人们对社会流行潮的直觉反应[D]描述有影响力人士的基本特征[锁定答案]首段先介绍‘引爆点“观点 社会流行潮由极少数有影响力人士推动 ,随后予以否定㊂可知作者引用‘引爆点“意在引发对 有影响力人士在观念实际传播过程中的作用 的深入探讨,[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]将①句关注点由社会流行潮的 推动力量 偷换成 造成后果 ㊂[C]将②句作者认7。

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编20.doc－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编20(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.It was difficult to see through the ______ fog.（分数：2.00）A.denseB.crowded/doc/ea9fb3a30640be1e650e52ea551810a6f424c811.htmlpressedD.condensed2.Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ______ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.（分数：2.00）A.deprivesB.restrictsC.rejectsD.denies3.A large shop is divided into______.（分数：2.00）A.divisionsB.sectionsC.departmentsD.categories4.Despite technical progress, food production is still completely______on weather.（分数：2.00）A.reliableB.dependableC.dependentD.inseparable5.He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.(2004年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.depictB.advocateC.criticizeD.analyze6.Baroque has been the term used by art historian for almost a century to______ the dominant style of the period 1600~1750. (2004年西南财经大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.determineB.designateC.deviseD.depict7.Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is ______ in commercials.(2006年中南大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.permeatedB.allegedC.depictedD.drafted8.He knew that the area's rich plant life had been severely______by the huge herds of cows grazing the land.(2013年3月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.depletedB.decomposedC.corrupted9.When the headmaster is away the ______headmaster looks after the school for him.（分数：2.00）A.juniorB.deputyC.authoritativeD.dignified10.I seem to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that something cheerful may still be______ from it.（分数：2.00）A.derivedB.extractedC.abstractedD.adapted11.Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and humans have brains ______ from ancestors that took to living in the trees.(2004年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.derivedB.progressedC.terminatedD.advanced12.On turning round the comer we saw the road______ steeply.（分数：2.00）A.fallingB.decreasingC.descendingD.lowering13.I want to talk about all these points in______order of importance.(2002年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.decliningB.descendingC.plungingD.falling14.His employer ______ him as lacking in initiative and drive.（分数：2.00）A.accountedB.ascribed/doc/ea9fb3a30640be1e650e52ea551810a6f424c811.htmlmentedD.described15.The soldiers who______ from the army were severely punished.（分数：2.00）A.desertedB.leftC.betrayedD.stayed16.They are taught by their superiors that a soldier who______his post in time of war is to be shot.(2002年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.desertsB.deflectsC.detainsD.threw17.I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I ______a rest.（分数：2.00）A.deserveB.preferC.entitle18.The school has been ______ as the meeting place for the evening art club.(2007年中国矿业大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.designedB.designatedC.divertedD.diagnosed19.We're moving to a more ______ neighborhood.（分数：2.00）A.desirousB.desirableC.preferableD.respectful20.Alone in London, without friends, work or money, Shelley fell into______.（分数：2.00）A.despairB.disappointmentC.dissatisfactionD.disgust21.If you call the 911 emergency number, they will______ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.(2002年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.assignB.detachC.attachD.dispatch22.A______man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.（分数：2.00）A.distressedB.wretchedC.miserableD.desperate23.We travel from our starting point to our______.（分数：2.00）A.endB.conclusionC.destinationD.terminal24.The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived al our______ almost two hours later.(2003年上海交通大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.designationB.destinyC.destinationD.dignity25.He was______ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.(2003年清华大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.deducedB.dampedC.diminishedD.destined感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。

3-18岁纯英式素质教育领航者：纯英式资深外教，纯英式国际领先教材，纯英式学习环境！优尼全能英语：2010年上海高考英语试题及答案2010年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷后二位校验码号码考生注意：1. 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页）两部分。

全卷共13页。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

2. 答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名和准考证号，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和校验码。

3. 第I卷（1-16小题，25-80小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

第I卷中的第17-24小题、81-84小题和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题卡上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。

第I卷（105分）I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A. betweenB. alongC. belowD. with答案：B考点：考察介词的用法解析：，根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该选B。

2010年四川大学考博英语真题及详解Ⅰ.Reading Comprehension(30%;one point each):Passage1In the case of mobile phones,change is everything.Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture,but our very bodies as well.First,let’s talk about culture.The difference between the mobile phone and its parent,the fixed-line phone,is that a mobile number corresponds to a person,while a landline goes to a place.If you call my mobile,you get me.If you call my fixed-line phone,you get whoever answers it.This has several implications.The most common one,however,and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever,is the"meeting"influence.People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet.Twenty years ago,a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance.You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place.Now,however,a night out can be arranged on the run.It is no longer “see you there at8”,but“text me around8and we’ll see where we all are”.Texting changes people as well.In their paper,“Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”,two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users:the“talkers”and the“texters”—those who prefer voice to text messages and those who prefer text to voice:They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality.Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts.This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a serf-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language.There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone.There is the“speakeasy”:the head is held high,in a self-confident way,chatting away.And there is the“spacemaker”:these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them?Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy.So,it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous.But perhaps you needn’t worry so much.After all,it is good to talk.1.When people plan to meet nowadays,they______.A.arrange the meeting place beforehandB.postpone fixing the place till the last minuteC.seldom care about when and where to meetD.still love to work out detailed meeting plans2.According to the two British researchers,the social and psychological effects are mostly likely to be seen on______.A.talkersB.the"speakeasy"C.the“spacemaker”D.texters3.We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are______.A.quite revealingB.well writtenC.unacceptable by othersD.shocking to others4.According to the passage,who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?A.TalkersB.The“speakeasy”C.The“spacemaker”D.Texters5.An appropriate tide for the passage might be______.A.The SMS Effect.B.Cultural Implications of Mobile Phone Use.C.Changes in the Use of the Mobile.D.Body Language and the Mobile Phone.【答案与解析】1.B本文谈论的是移动电话带来的变化，文中第三段谈论到移动电话最常见的可能永远改变我们文化的一个变化就是对会面的影响，在没有移动电话之前，人们会提前约好见面的地点，但现在，人们可以随时联系确定见面地点。

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷第Ⅰ卷（共105分）L listening comprehensionSection ADirections In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．A shop assistant. B．A dentist C．An cloarician D．A bank clerk.2．A．The exam score. B．The world news. C．A soccer match. D．A basketball team.3．A．At a post office B．At a flower shopC．At a department store. D．At a bus station4．A．5 hours B．7 hours C．9 hours D．10 hours5．A．Tim’s not seriously injuredB．Tim will get to the hospital quickly.C．The woman’s heard all about Tim’s illness.D．The woman doesn’t know how Tim is now.6．A．She isn’t the mood to travel. B．France is too far for family holiday.C．Family holiday no longer interests her D．She has had too many holidays this year.7．A．The cost was reasonable. B．The cost was unbelievably highC．She likes the hotel. D．She will stay overnight.8．A．Disappointment B．Disapproval. C．Sympathy. D．Passion.9．A．The man is too forgetful B．The man shouldn’t get annoyed.C．The man has too many keys. D．The man should attend more lessons.10．A．He wants to live in apartments. B．He thinks his signature is unnecessary.C．He has already signed a contract D．He doesn’t always say what he means.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following introduction.11．A．White masters. B．African slaves. C．Native dancers. D．Sport trainers.12．A．Having kung fu experience. B．Being able to sing and play music.C．Wearing a green belt. D．Being strong and able to balance well.13．A．He uses his hands to keep the balance. B．He doses contact with his opponent.C．He is kicked by his opponent. D．He is pushed out of the circle.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14．A．Great guests and talk to hotel staff.B．Have breakfast and examine room service.C．Prepare for the meeting and write new reports.D．Review the previous night’s reports and check emails.15．A．Saying hello to every guest. B．Considering different bath requirements.C．Dining with a different staff member. D．Holding various operational meetings.16．A．A day’s life of a hotel manager. B．The daily routine at a hotel.C．Hotel service and improvement. D．Meetings attended by a hotel massager.Section CDirections: I n Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.П．Grammar and vocabulary.Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25．Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day．A．between B．along C．below D．with26．It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park．It was journey.A．three hour B．a three-hoursC．a three-hour D．three hours27．If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend onA．themselves B．themC．us D．ourselves28．Every few years, the coal workers．their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A．are having B．haveC．have had D．had had29．- Sorry, Professor Smith．I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.- Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A．must B．mustn'tC．should D．shouldn't30．In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market.A．longer than B．more than C．as much as D．as far as31．The church tower which will be open to tourists soon．The work is almost finished.A．has restored B．has been restoredC．is restoring D．is being restored32．I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A．find B．foundC．to find D．finding33．Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.A．amused B．amusingC．to amuse D．to be amused34．you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A．However a serious problem B．What a serious problemC．However serious a problem D．What serious a problem35．the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height．A．Approaching B．Approached C．To approach D．To be approached36．One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A．that B．how C．what D．why37．When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers knowA．he is entering which lane B．which lane he is enteringC．is he entering which lane D．which lane is he entering38．Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.A．on which B．by which C．to which D．from which39．our manage objects to Tom's joining the club, we shall accept him as a member．A．Until B．Unless C．If D．After40．Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms．A．reducing B．to reduce C．reduced D．reduceSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need.Forests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America．The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide in the ___41 .Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater．Maryland, said that the increase ha the rate of growth was unexpected and might be 42 to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region．The growth may also be influenced by the significant 43 in atmospheric CO2,he said."We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them," Dr Parker said．Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in44 the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate.Dr Parker and his colleagues have 45 out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) 46 basis since 1987．They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing 47 tons of wood each year.The scientists _ 48 _ the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate．More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had 49 from estimates of the long-term rates of growth. Ⅲ．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing 50 ．What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51 revising．Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production．However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music．The musical had．52 several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆)．For instance, Lloyd Webber 53 some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment．56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way．Even your decision to 57 ．topics while prewriting is a type of revising．However．don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows 58 ．Always make time to become your own 59 and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak．Reviewing your work in this way can give you 60 new ideas.Revising involves 61 the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present．When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose 62 throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 that is, facts, opinions,inferences -- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many 64details that may confuse readers?50．A．technique B．style C．process D．career51．A．in particular B．as a result C．for example D．in other words 52．A．undergone B．skipped C．rejected D．replaced53．A．rewrote B．released C．recorded D．reserved54．A．addition B．response C．opposition D．contrast55．A．fixed B．ambitious C．familiar D．fresh56．A．However B．Moreover C．Instead D．Therefore57．A．discuss B．switch C．exhaust D．cover58．A．drafting B．rearranging C．performing D．training59．A．director B．master C．audience D．visitor60．A．personal B．valuable C．basic D．delicate61．A．mixing B．weakening C．maintaining D．assessing62．A．amazing B．bright C．unique D．clear63．A．angles B．evidence C．information D．hints64．A．unnecessary B．uninteresting C．concrete D．finalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep．A few dogs started barking at it．The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety．That didn't stop the elephant．It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people．The villagers were scared and angry．Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer．He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk．He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants.Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle．After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city．But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife．"Life in the city is too dull．Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase," she says.But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun．"My work," she says, "is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man." And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years．Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land．It is now fighting back．Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called toguide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion．A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant．"Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them．They are also more loyal than humans," she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal．An elephant princess indeed!65．For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to .A．get long lasting excitement B．keep both man and elephants safeC．send them back to the jungle D．make the angry elephants tame66．Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, .A．she spent her time hunting with her fatherB．she learned how to sing love songsC．she had already been called an elephant princessD．she was taught how to hunt tigers67．Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________.A．they are caught and sent for heavy workB．illegal hunters capture them and kill themC．they are attacked and their land gets limitedD．dogs often bark at them and chase them68．The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________．A．people easily fall victim to elephants' attacksB．the man-elephant relationship is getting worseC．elephant tamers are in short supplyD．dogs are as powerful as elephants(B)The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research paper．It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.Trevor, C. O., Lansford, B. and Black, J. W., 2004, "Employee turnover (人事变更) andjob performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion", Journalof Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no.1, pp. 56-64.In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities inrespect of job performance, turnover rates and employees' job attitude. The authorsuse data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies inVancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover andwhether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range ofpay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans. Thearticle is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employeeturnover and a variety of differences in employees' job attitude and performance. Themain limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-levelmanagement, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive researchneeds to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding ofemployee turnover and job performance. As this article was published in a 69．The research paper published is primarily concerned withA．the way of preventing employee turnoverB．methods of improving employee performanceC．factors affecting employee turnover and performanceD．pay structures based on employee performance70．As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that .A．the data analysis is hardly reliableB．the research sample is not wide enoughC．the findings are of no practical valueD．the research method is out-of-date71．Who might be most interested in this piece of information?A．Job hunters．B．Employees in blue-chip companies.C．Mid-level managers.D．Researchers on employee turnover.(C)The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about．But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solar storms.After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London."The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth．The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire．At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter．" A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour．Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added．The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the SolarDynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth "If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage．What you don't want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what's caused the problem," he said.72．The phrase "communications blackout" in paragraph 1 most probably refers to during the 2012 Olympics.A．the extinguishing of the Olympic torchB．the collapse of broadcasting systemsC．the transportation breakdown in LondonD．the destruction of weather satellites73．What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?A．The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.B．The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.C．It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.D．The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.74．According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to .A．take images of the solar systemB．provide early warning of thunderstormsC．keep track of solar activitiesD．improve the communications on Earth75．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Solar Storms: An Invisible KillerB．Solar Storms: Earth Environment in DangerC．Solar Storms: Threatening the Human RaceD．Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be TroubledSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for eachparagraph ．There is one extra heading which you do not need.76．Nowadays ．millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and other drugs ．Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically.77．NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world ．They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease ．They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives ．Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active, contributing citizens ．NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drags use them in a responsible.78．Nevertheless ．overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system (CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern ．Although this abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults, teenagers arid women.79．Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly．Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs．People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use．In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs, 70% were women who had overused medicines.80.Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged overIn general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative, women are twice as likely to become addicted．In addition, statistics compiled for 12-17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillisers, stimulants and sedatives.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum(核心课程)，but with a difference．While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class．Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance．In this way，kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.Considering that 15 percent of American children 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum．In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often "put P.E．on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered," says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids．The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard．"Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum," she added.The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support．Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have demonstrated how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be．They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports．The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a tiny percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school．The new method teaches sells that translate to adulthood.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81．In the new P.E．program, children learn to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance rather than .82．As for P.E., some school boards either83．What are the two problems with simply teaching group sports?84．What is the long-term benefit of the new P.E program?第Ⅱ卷（共45分）I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．这本杂志花了我20多元。