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American Foreign Policy 14

American Foreign Policy 14
American Foreign Policy 14

POST-WW2 AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY

The Beginning of the Cold War

After WW2 the United States of America became the strongest country in the world. It was the sole possessor of atomic bombs; it also held 70% of the world’s gold reserves and produced over 50% of the world’s industrial production of the world.

The USA involvement in WW2 was considered vital for victory in Europe and victory against Japan in the Pacific. Many countries in Europe were grateful for the assistance that America provided during the war, and also appreciated their presence after the war.

At this time, America also realised what power and influence it now possessed. America wanted the post-war world to look different: they wanted a world where their values and interests were adopted by other countries.

The Soviet Union resisted any expansion of American influence and values. At end of the war, the USSR (Soviet Union) had negotiated with their allies for the USSR to have a sphere of influence over many countries in Europe. These countries and the USSR became known as the Warsaw Pact, while the other allies (including the USA) formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). These were also divided politically into communist and non-communist groups. These two military blocs were now competing for dominance in the world and, consequently, an arms race began.

The Arms Race

?1945 - USA drops 2 bombs on Japan

?1949 – USSR develops its own atomic bomb ?1952 – USA develops the hydrogen bomb

?1953 – USSR develops the hydrogen bomb

?1957 – USSR launches 2 satellites into orbit around the Earth

?1980 – both countries have more than 50,000 nuclear bombs

?1982 – Star Wars project began

The cost of developing the Star Wars project was very expensive. If the USSR tried to keep up with the USA they were likely to go bankrupt.

The Containment Policy (to stop them to get out)

?Containment meant that the USA would use whatever means

necessary to prevent the USSR from breaking out of its sphere of influence.

?In Europe the USSR built a wall that divided Berlin in order to stop East Germans from escaping to West Germany. This wall became a symbol of the Cold War.

?The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 brought the USA and the USSR to the brink of nuclear war.

?The USA estimated that the new communist government of China would not last long, and therefore did not recognise it as the government of China.

?The armies of China and the USA came face to face during the Korean War.

The Korean war was between (United Nations (UN Resolution 84)): Republic of Korea, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey

Vs.

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

People's Republic of China

After the Vietnam and Korean wars, the USA decided not to take part in any more ground wars in Asia but instead to provide nuclear

protection for its allies in the region. The USA also provided military and economic support to countries fighting against domestic communism.

President Nixon visited China in 1972 to improve relations with China. Both countries were concerned about Soviet expansionism at this time.

Hungary 1956

North Koreans and Chinese defeating the Americans in Korea

The American general killing women and children

Engagement and Expansion

The late 1980’s and the early 1990’s saw remarkable changes, such as the removal of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism in both Europe and Russia. The USSR disintegrated at the end of 1991, and this radically changed the balance of power in the world.

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