名词对应。（Kinesics）：the nonverbal behavior related to the movement of the body or part of the body.
（身势）：非言语行为相关的运动身体肌肤上或局部的身体。（etiquette）：it refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in social and business situations.
(礼仪): 它指的是礼貌和行为认为是可以接受的,在社会和商业管理硕士学位。
(pragmatics)：it is the study of how speakers use the language to reach successful communication, and the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behaviors.
(语用学): 它是研究如何说话者可以运用语言达到成功的交际,而且该研究结果的语言对人类的观念和行为。
(power distance):the degree to which power differences are expected and accepted by society.
(权力距离): 在何种程度上的力量和接受不同是被期望的社会。(Values): a learned organization of rules for marking choices and for resolving conflicts.
(价值观): 学会组织的规则为标志的选择和解决冲突。
（reverse culture shock）:it refers to the “shock” one experiences upon returning to one’s home culture after growing used to a new one.
(反向文化冲击): 它指的是“震惊”一经使用后返回到一个新的增长一对一的
家居文化体验。
(Recovery stage):a stage of culture shock characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture.
(恢复期): 一阶段的文化冲击获得一些新的文化的理解的特点。(Semantics): it is the study of the meaning of words, a system that relates words to meaning.
(语义): 这是含义的话，一个系统，涉及词意义的研究。
(Memo):it is a hard-copy document, used for communicating inside an organization, usually short.
（备忘录）：这是一个硬拷贝文件，供组织内，通常短暂交流使用。(proxemics):the study of people’s perception and use of space.
(空间关系学): 人们的看法和空间利用研究。
(uncertainty avoidance):the degree to which the society is willing to accept and deal with ambiguity and uncertainty.
(不确定性规避): 在何种程度上愿意为社会接受和处理模糊性和不确定性。(Individualism):the degree to which individual decision-making and action is accepted and encouraged by the society.
(个人主义): 在何种程度上个人决策和行动是社会所接受和鼓励。(taboos):practices or verbal expressions considered by a society or cultures as improper or unacceptable.
（禁忌）：方式或一个社会或文化视为不当或不可接受的口头表达。(superstitions):beliefs that are inconsistent with the knows laws of science
or what society considers to be true and rational.
（迷信）：信仰与科学规律的认识还是什么社会认为是真实和理性的不一致。(culture shock):this term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate.
（文化冲击）：这个词表达了缺乏方向，在不知道该怎么做或如何在新的环境的东西，不知道什么是适当或不适当的感觉。
(rejection): a coping mechanism against culture shock in which we think we don’t need anybody, and we are coping fine alone.
（拒绝）：一对文化的冲击中，我们认为我们不需要任何人，我们是很好应付独自应对机制。
(customs):they are behaviors generally expected in specific situations and are established, socially acceptable ways of behaving in given circumstances.
（习俗,）：他们普遍预计的具体情况和建立行为，在一定情况下表现为社会接受的方式。
(personal territory):it refers to the space that people have for their own activities.
(个人领域）：它指的是空间，人们为自己的活动
二．正负判断。（F,T）
三，名词解释。
（一）Hofstede's four cultural dimensions (please provide examples if
possible)
霍夫斯泰德的四个文化维度（请提供例子，如果可能的话）
答案：mean: Hofstede developed a model that identifies four primary dimensions for diferentiating cluture .is:
1. Power Distance :include 1. small power distance cluture.
2. large power distance cluture .
2. Individualism Versus Collectivism
3. Masculinity versus Femininity
4. Uncertainty Avoidance
For example, the power of the United States views with the views of Arab countries there is a big difference to the U.S. power is not very fancy, they pay more attention to personal ability to play, the pursuit of power to be a lot less than the Arab countries; Arab countries due to national Institutional relations, focusing on the power of binding, thus, the Arab countries, institutions, whether government departments or enterprises are more or less with the power of color.
（比如，美国对权力的看法跟阿拉伯国家的看法就存在很大的差异，美国不是很看中权力，他们更注重个人能力的发挥，对权力的追求比阿拉伯国家要逊色不少；阿拉伯国家由于国家体制的关系，注重权力的约束力，由此，阿拉伯国家的机构，不管是政府部门或者企业都多多少少带有权力的色彩。）(二) low context culture (please provide an examples if possible)
低语境文化（请提供一个例子，如果可能的话）
答案the low context culture is the listener knows very little and must be told practically everything.
低语境文化就是听众知道很少，几乎一切都必须被告知)
Example:1: A German, an American, a Japanese to the same restaurant, ordered a hamburger are the result of the negligence of the cook the meat of the three have burned the hamburgers, and asked the three people would say
German paste directly criticize the meat, criticized the chef;
Americans said that although the meat tastes very good, but bread, salad, shallot taste pretty good;
The Japanese would say, bread, salad, onion is delicious.
(一个德国人，一个美国人，一个日本人到同一家餐厅，都点了一个汉堡，结果由于厨师的疏忽把三个汉堡中的肉都烤糊了，问，三个人会对此次说什么:德国人会直接批判这个糊了的肉，批评这个厨师；美国人会说，虽然肉的口味不太好，但是面包，沙拉，香葱的味道还不错；日本人会说，面包，沙拉，香葱的味道不错。)
2. American contracts are usually about ten times longer than French contracts. Americans like to have a lot of the context stated explicity.The French don’t care very much about the explanation,as much of the information is taken for granted.
（三）high context culture (please provide an examples if possible)
答案：the high context culture is listener is already ‘contexted’ and so does not need to be given much background information.
（在高语境文化监听器已经'contexted'等并不需要给予太多的背景资料。）两个题目的例子可以用上一个来解释
4.｛企业文化(corporate culture)（请提供一个例子，如果可能的话）｝
答案：In simple term, corporate culture is "the way things work in a corporation." (如果记不住,主要这一句就可以了).Corporate culture is the individual consciousness and the meaning of the general, the energy embodied in the enterprise organizational behavior. Specifically refers to the entire staff in the business operation process of the formation of training, organizational behavior and business associate, and in fact become the mainstream consciousness of all employees to abide by the highest goals, value system, the basic beliefs and the organization code of conduct Combined.
（简单来说，企业文化是“事物的方式在公司工作。”企业文化是企业个性意识及内涵的总称，其能以企业组织行为所体现。具体指企业全体员工在企业运行过程中所培育形成的、与企业组织行为相关联的、并事实上成为全体员工主流意识而被共同遵守的最高目标、价值体系、基本信念及企业组织行为规范的总和。）
Example:
四，简答题
1）what is nonverbal communication? what are the functions of
nonverbal communication in general?
答案：Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages in a given situation or context. Nonverbal communication, according to Samovar and Porter, involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver. “Nonverbal communication is a way of communication without words.”
Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used. Nonverbal communication is everything except the actual words. Nonverbal communication plays an important part in intercultural communication, even more important than verbal communication.
There are six functions of nonverbal communication in general: accenting, complementing, contradicting, regulating, repeating and substituting.
1）什么是非语言的沟通？什么是一般非语言沟通的功能？
答案：非语言的沟通是通过非言语行为的使用，单独或与言语行为的交流与组合在特定的情况或上下文的消息解释的过程。非语言沟通，根据萨莫瓦尔和波特，涉及所有那些在通信设置，同时由他的来源和使用环境，而且有潜在的源或接收消息值生成非语言刺激。“非语言沟通是没有文字的沟通方式。”
1。非语言交流是通过非语言行为的使用过程。非语言的沟通是一切，除了
实际的话。
2。非语言沟通在跨文化沟通中扮演一个重要组成部分，甚至比语言沟通的重要。
3。有六大功能一般非语言沟通：重音，补充，矛盾，调节，重复和替代。
2) Do you know any taboo in chinese culture? Or any taboo in other cultures?
答案：In China, messages should not be written in red ink as this has connotations of death.
The biggest taboo in Chines e culture is “death”. When the Chinese are talking about it, they rarely say the word directly, but find some other expressions to take the place of it. They often say someone is “sleeping” or “gone”.
2）你知道中国文化中的任何禁忌？或在其他任何禁忌的文化？
答案：在中国，消息不应该用红墨水写，因为这已经死亡的内涵。
中华文化中的最大忌讳的是“死亡”。当中国正在谈论它，他们很少直接说这个词，但发现一些其他表达式采取它的地方。他们经常说某人是“睡眠”或“消失”。
中文?英语<~ 复制
在中国，白色常是大悲之色和贫穷之色
1,In China, white is often mantra of color and poverty of color .2,In early China, the feminist higher than male is taboo在中国早期，女权高于男权是
禁忌.
3). What kind of influence cultural differences may have on negotiation? Give some examples if possible. 什么样的影响文化差异对谈判吗?举例说明,如果可能的话。
答案：（1）.Negotiating Goal: Contract or Relationship
Example: Americans consider a signed contract as a definitive set of rights and duties that strictly binds the two sides and determines their interaction thereafter. Most Spanish and French negotiators have also claimed that their primary goal in a negotiation was a signed contract. The Chinese often think that the goal of a negotiation is not a signed contract, but the creation of a relationship between the two sides. 美国人都认为签订合同,一套明确的权利和义务严格使双方相互作用并决定了他们的音讯。大多数西班牙语和法语谈判代表声称,他们的主要目标在谈判签订合同。中国人往往认为这个目标的谈判并非签订合同,但是关系的创造两块。
(2).Negotiating Attitude: Win/Win or Win/Lose
Example: Chinese love from Lose/Win to Win/Win way
(3).Personal Style :Informal or Formal
It has been observed, for example, that Germans have a more formal style than American. A negotiator with a formal style insists on addressing counterparts by their titles, avoids personal anecdotes, and refrains from questions touching on the private or family life of members of the other team.
(4).Communication: Direct or Indirect
Example: Some groups place emphasis on losedirect and simple methods. It has been observed, for example, that whereas Germans, Americans and the Spanish are direct, the French and the Chinese are indirect.
(5).Form of Agreement: General or Specific
Example: Americans prefer very detailed contracts that attempt to anticipate all possible circumstances and eventualities, no matter how unlikely. Other cultures,such as the Chinese,prefera contract in the form of general principles rather than detailed rules.
3）。什么样的影响文化差异可能对谈判？举几个例子，如果可能的。
答案：（1）谈判目标：。合同或关系
例如：美国人认为，作为一个权利和义务明确的设置，严格约束，并确定双方随后签署的合同及其相互作用。大多数西班牙和法国的谈判也声称，他们在谈判的主要目的是签署合同。在中国往往认为谈判的目的不是签署合同，但双方之间的关系创造。
。（2）谈判态度：赢/赢或赢/输
例如：中国人喜欢从输/赢到赢/赢的方式.
。（3）个人风格：正式或非正式
据观察，例如，德国人比美国人更正式的风格。一个有正式文体谈判代表坚持在解决他们的职称同行，避免个人轶事，从对其他团队成员的私人或家庭生活的感人问题和摆在眼前。
4）通讯：。直接或间接
例如：有的直接和简单的方法，小组中进行的重视。据观察，例如，而德国人，美国人和西班牙是直接的，法国和中国都是间接的。
。（5）表格的协议：一般或特定
例如：美国人喜欢很详细的合同，企图预计到所有可能出现的情况和发生的情况，无论多么不可能的。其他文化，如中国，在详细的规则，而不是一般原则的形式prefera合同。
4). What is culture shock? What are the the stages of culture shock?
答案：（1）.A: Culture shock expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate.
B:five stages of culture shock can be identified as: honeymoon stage, hostility stage, recovery stage, adjustment stage, adjustment stage and biculturality stage.
C: The symptoms of culture shock include two aspects: physical and psychological.
D: People can suffer from the symptoms of culture shock in a new place and in their own country as well.
E: There are some mechanisms against culture shock, such as repression, regression, isolation and rejection. Culture shock can be alleviated, or minimized.
(2).A: The Honeymoon Stage
B: The Hostility Stage
C: The Recovery Stage
D: The Adjustment stage
E: The Biculturality Stage
4）。什么是文化冲击？什么是文化冲击的阶段？
答案：（1）：。文化休克表示缺乏方向，在不知道该怎么做或如何在新的环境的东西，不知道什么是适当或不适当的感觉。
乙：五个阶段的文化冲击，可确定为：蜜月阶段，敌对阶段，恢复阶段，调整阶段，调整阶段和biculturality阶段。
丙：文化休克的症状包括两个方面：身体和心理。
e：人们可能会感受到一个新的地方文化休克症状，并在自己的国家也是。
电子邮件：有一些对文化冲击的机制，如镇压，回归，孤立和排斥。文化冲击可以得到缓解，或最小化。
（2）：。蜜月期
乙：舞台的敌意
空调：恢复阶段
D：该调整阶段
E：自然Biculturality阶段
朗读
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案） Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.
1.英文原声电影赏析与跨文化交际能力的培养 2."跨文化非语言交际语用失误研究 3."公示语翻译中的语用失误探析 4.国内广告语言语用失误研究现状与分析 5."全球化语境下跨文化交际失误语用归因 6."跨文化交际中的语用失误类型及对策研究 7."基于礼貌原则的跨文化语用失误分析 8."跨文化言语交际中的语用负迁移 9."浅析化妆品广告中的语用预设 10."中西方饮食文化的比较研究 11."中美时间观之对比 1 2."浅析汉英问候语中的文化差异 13."英汉词汇的文化内涵差异探析 14."英语身体语的交际功能研究 1 5."浅谈英汉身势语的表意功能之差异 16."目标语文化的理解与跨文化交际 1 7."中西文化差异对中国学生英语学生的影响 18."跨文化交际中的文化误读
9."浅析文化差异对商务谈判的影响 20."英语禁忌语的文化内涵异同研究 21."英语学习中的文化习得 2 2."英汉思维模式的差异对跨文化交际的影响 23."外语学习者的思辨能力与跨文化交际之成效 24."培养英语学习者跨文化交际能力之策略 25."英汉道歉语差异及原因 26."中西跨文化礼貌语差异探析 27."英汉语言中礼貌表达法之比较 28."英汉习惯用语的文化内涵探源 29."英语称赞语及其回应的异同研究 3 0."中美（西）家庭教育理念的差异及其对孩子的影响 31."中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的主要障碍研究 32."试析跨文化交际中角色互动的作用 3 3."本土文化与异国文化的冲突对跨文化交际的影响 34."跨文化交际中的时间观差异 35."论跨文化交际中的中西餐桌礼仪
6."关于提升英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的培养 37."涉外婚姻中的中西文化冲突 38."论跨文化广告传播中食品商标的翻译439."多媒体教学与跨文化交际能力的培养40."中西方儿童文学的差异 4 1."中西体育文化的差异及其受全球化发展的影响 42."中西传统休闲文化及其价值观的对比分析 43."简爱与林黛玉不同命运的文化透析 44."国际商务活动中礼貌原则的应用 4 5."论文化背景知识在外语阅读教学中的作用 46."国际商务交际活动中的非语言交际 47."浅析英汉汽车商标的特点及其翻译 48."英汉隐喻差异的文化阐释 49."文化语境下的英汉植物词 50."文化语境下的英汉动物词 51."从体态语探析中西文化差异 52."浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵 53."文化视野下英语谚语的比较
跨文化交际(胡超版)期末试题
Test Paper Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.G enerally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.G enerally speaking, in terms of world views, the We st adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopts holistic view 3.G enerally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and Archimedes Ⅱ. Choose the best answer: 1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two comprehensive categories: those that are primarily produced by the body, such as_________,________,_______; and those that the individual combines with the setting, such as _______, _______, _______.D A.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, man B.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silence C.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, man D.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence 2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs and allusions than in English writing. Some Western scholars name this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a more fanciful impression than information, and the information is usually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness”aspects so as to attract people. We may term this style as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct with objective inform ation. To them, much-repeated words may mean less after a while. We may term the Western writing as ________-oriented.C A. adjective, objective B. Chinese, Western C. impression, information C. indirect, direct 3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.B A. basically good; basically bad B. evil but perfectible, basically good C. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil; D. unknown 4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.D A. subjugation to nature; harmony with nature B. harmony with nature; mastery over nature
跨文化交际习题
跨文化交际习题 1. 单选题：（1.0分） 在日本，喝汤时发出很大吮吸的声音会被认为是______。 A. 粗鲁而讨厌的 B. 你喜欢这种汤的表现 C. 在家里不要紧，在公共场合则不妥 D. 只有外国人才这么做 解答： B 参考答案： B 2. 单选题：（1.0分）
在日本，自动售货机里出售除下列哪一种饮料以外的所有其他饮料？ A. 啤酒 B. 加糖精的保健饮料 C. 加糖的咖啡 D. 美国公司生产的软饮料 解答： B 参考答案： B 3. 单选题：（1.0分） 在拉丁美洲，管理者______。 A. 一般会雇佣自己家族的成员 B. 认为雇佣中级家族成员是不合适的 C. 强调雇佣少数特殊群体员工的重要性
D. 通常雇佣比实际工作所需更多的员工 解答： A 参考答案： A 4. 单选题：（1.0分） 在拉丁美洲，人们______。 A. 认为交谈时和对方进行眼神交流是不礼貌的 B. 总是等到对方说完才开始说话 C. 身体接触次数比相似情况下北美商人多 D. 避免身体接触，因为这被认为是对个人隐私的侵犯解答： C 参考答案： C
5. 单选题：（1.0分） 马来西亚的主要宗教是______。 A. 佛教 B. 犹太教 C. 基督教 D. 伊斯兰教 解答： D 参考答案： D 6. 单选题：（1.0分） 在泰国______。 A. 男性之间挽手同行很常见
B. 男女之间在公共场合挽手很常见 C. 男女同行是很粗鲁的举止 D. 传统上男性和女性在街上遇见会互相亲吻解答： A 参考答案： A 7. 单选题：（1.0分） 在印度，进食时恰当的举止是______。 A. 用右手取食物，用左手吃 B. 用左手取食物，用右手吃 C. 取食物和吃都只用左手 D. 取食物和吃都只用右手 解答： D 参考答案： D
考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。考试时间为2．5个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2，试卷2 为开卷考试。可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。 Test Paper 1 Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopt s holistic view 3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha
1.Three international developments have made intercultural contact more pervasive (无处不在), they are .（D ） A. new technology and information system B. changes in the world’s population C. a shift in the world’s economic arena D. A, B and C 2.___C___ has evolved that lets societies share cultural experiences with one another as films are produced and shown around the world. A. Show business B. I.T. C. international film industry D. Mass media 3.__A____ in the United States, because they have been profoundly affected by population and immigration increases, are a primary setting for domestic intercultural contact. A. Schools B. Community C. Workplace D. club 4. It is difficult to find a single definition of human communication because__D____. A. the complex nature of communication B. the issue of intentionality C. the issue of unintentionality D. A, B and C 5. To Reusch and Bateson, communication often takes place __A___. A. without awareness B. consciously C. intentionally D. deliberately 6. Which of the statements of communication is not true? D A. Communication is dynamic https://www.doczj.com/doc/a18603431.html,munication is symbolic https://www.doczj.com/doc/a18603431.html,munication is Interpretive D. Communication is static 7. Communication has a consequence means that ___D___. A. Communication is irreversible B.Our response to message does not have to be immediate C. The nature of our responses to messages is rooted in our culture D. A, B and C 8. Which of the item is not the basic component of culture? C A. Values B. Emotions C. Personality D. Attitudes 9. We learn our culture not through __D______. A. proverbs B. art C. mass media D. self-taught 10.Although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the _B______ of a culture resists major alterations. A. history B. the deep structure C. background D. tradition 11. ___C___ is at the core of intercultural communication. A. sender B. receiver C. culture D. language 12. Although cultures change through several mechanisms, which of the following item is not the three most common ones.C A. Diffusion B. Acculturation C. Invention D. Innovation 13. One of the most difficult tasks for foreigners in learning a new language is learning the _____A____ and ________ in which they are used. A. different styles, the contexts B. grammar, accent C. different styles, the speech acts D. vocabulary, the pronunciation 14. Language is accompanied by a continuous flow of nonverbal communication, which involves not only ____ but also ____ and _____.B A. the tone, gaze, posture B. the voice, the face, the body C. the pitch, gaze, gesture D. the pace, the distance, touch 15. ___B__ is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our physical and social world. A. Interpretation B. Perception C. Analysis D. Understanding
跨文化交际复习题： 1、跨文化交流障碍产生的原因有哪些？ 2、试用霍夫斯泰德的文化价值理论来分析中美课堂的主要差异及原因。 3、试分析电视剧《小爸爸》第32集中（法庭审理）体现出的主要中美文化 差异。 4、试简要叙述文化的“洋葱论”和“冰山论”。 5、请简要阐述跨文化敏感度发展模式的6个阶段。 6、非言语交流方式有哪一些？列举几个国家非言语交流方式含义的差异。 7、国际礼仪的基本原则有哪些？ 8、国际惯例、本国礼俗与入乡随俗之间的关系如何处理？请举例说明。 9、什么是着装的ＴＰＯ原则？ 10、简述男士西装与女士套裙的着装规范。 11、见面介绍与行握手礼应遵从什么顺序？ 12、名片的使用有哪些注意事项？ 13、西餐的餐桌礼仪包含哪几个方面？试简述每一方面的主要规范。 案例分析题： 一、请运用非语言沟通的知识来分析以下案例。 【案例1】 Mark因为工作的原因从丹麦搬到悉尼做销售人员。三周后，他被邀请加入一个当地的俱乐部。最初的几周里，他总是要么坐在沙发里听别人聊天，要么站在角落里与人交谈，慢慢地他熟悉了俱乐部里的所有人。一天，在一个晚间聚会上，一位俱乐部女性成员走近他，他们开始很有兴致地谈论晚会的气氛。刚开始，
谈话的气氛很好，可是慢慢地Mark发现，这位女士正在慢慢地后退。她看上去明显很不安。正当Mark想跟她谈论一下澳洲人的风俗时，一位不远处的男士看了那位女士一眼，她如释重负地走过去开始和那位男士聊起来，留下Mark一个人疑惑地站在那里。
二、请用单一制时间观和多元制时间观来分析以下案例： 【案例2】 德国外教Nowak经常去一中国菜摊买菜，因为她的摊子品种多、态度好。这天他挑好了一颗西兰花，正犹豫再买点什么，听到摊主又在招呼其他顾客，他等了一会儿。只见摊主手脚麻利地给其他两个刚来的顾客过称、装袋、收钱。好容易轮到他，摊主一边为他称菜，一边又在试图招呼其他人。Nowak不高兴地说：“我是先来的，你应该先服务好我。”摊主笑着回答：“我看你半天没吱声，以为你还想挑点什么呢。我这不来了吗？！”Nowak回家的路上，一直觉得自己在这里是“老外”，太容易被人欺负了。 三、请用个体主义和集体主义价值观来分析以下案例： 【案例3】 飞利浦照明公司某区人力资源副总裁（美国人）与一位被认为具有发展潜力的中国员工交谈，想听听这位员工对自己今后五年的职业发展规划及期望达到的位置。中国员工并没有正面回答问题，而是开始谈论起公司未来的发展方向、公司的晋升体系，以及目前他本人在组织中的位置等，讲了半天也没有正面回答副总裁的问题。副总裁有些大惑不解，没等他说完已经有些不耐烦了，因为同样的事情之前已经发生了好几次，“我不过是想知道这为员工对于自己未来五年发展的打算，想要在飞利浦做到什么样的职位罢了，可为何就不能得到明确的回答呢”谈话结束后，副总忍不住向人力资源总监抱怨道，同时受到压力的员工也向总监诉苦，“这位老外怎么这么咄咄逼人？”作为人力资源总监，他明白双方之间不同的文化背景及由此引发的不同的沟通方式引起了隔阂，虽然极力向双方辩解，但要完全消除已经产生的问题却并不容易。 四、自行寻找案例，用中西思维方式的差异分析中西写作表达习惯的差异。
跨文化交际与翻译真题2015.6.5临床专业 一、案例分析(答题说明：每题10分，合计10.0分。) 1. Situation: Two Americans, Bill and Tony, are talking about Tony’s unhappy experience with his Chinese college. Bill: Hi, Tony. How’re you doing? Tony: Fine. Just got back from visiting the home of one of my Chinese colleagues. Bill: Oh, have a good time? Tony: Oh yes, very good. Mind you, I was bit hurt about the way they treated my present. You see, I know they like western music so I brought them back some of the latest tapes from the UK. Had them all wrapped up beautifully and gave them to them as soon as I got inside the door and what do you think happened? Bill: What? Tony: Nothing. Well, more or less, they said thank you but then just put them away in a corner. Didn’t even bother to unwrap them. I must say I felt a bit miffed after all the trouble I’d taken. 参考答案：答题点：Gift giving in the West 三、跨文化单选(答题说明：每题1分，合计15.0分。) C22. Cathy is talking to her friends Bill and Tod outside the cinema. Cathy: Well, what did you think of the film, then? Bill: Oh, I thought it was great. Didn’t you think so?
跨文化商务交际答案名词对应。 ( Kinesics )：the nonverbal behavior related to the movement of the body or part of the body. (身势)：非言语行为相关的运动身体肌肤上或局部的身体。 ( etiquette )：it refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in social and business situations. (礼仪): 它指的是礼貌和行为认为是可以接受的,在社会和商业管理硕士学位。 (pragmatics) ：it is the study of how speakers use the language to reach successful communication, and the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behaviors. (语用学): 它是研究如何说话者可以运用语言达到成功的交际而且该研究结果的语言对人类的观念和行为。 (power distance):the degree to which power differences are
expected and accepted by society. (权力距离): 在何种程度上的力量和接受不同是被期望的社会。
choices and for resolving conflicts? （价值观）：学会组织的规则为标志的选择和解决冲突。 (reverse culture shock) :it refers to the “shock” one experiences upon returning to one J s home culture after growing used to a new one? (反向文化冲击)：它指的是“震惊”一经使用后返回到一个新的增长一对一的家居文化体验。 (Recovery stage):a stage of culture shock characterized by gaining some understariding of the new culture? (恢复期)：一阶段的文化冲击获得一些新的文化的理解的特点。(Semantics): it is the study of the meaning of words, a system that relates words to meaning. (语义)：这是含义的话，一个系统，涉及词意义的研究。(Memo):it is a hard-copy docume nt, used for communicating inside an organization, usually short?(备忘录)：这是一个硬拷贝文件，供组织内，通常短暂交流使用。 (proxemics):the study of peopled perception and use of space? (空间关系学)：人们的看法和空间利用研究。 (uncertainty avoidance):the degree to which the society
( ) 1. There are two kinds of cross-cultural communication: unilateral communication and _________. A. successful communication B. verbal communication C. bilateral communication D. unsuccessful communication ( ) 2. When you are invited for a western meal, you’re offered a second helping , but you have already had enough. What would you say? “_________”. A. Oh, thanks. That tastes awful. B. No, I don’t want that. C. No, I don’t like it. D. That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty, thanks. ( ) 3. Most Americans see themselves as separate _________, not as representatives of a family, community or other group. A. independence B. individuals C. customers D. cultures ( ) 4. The _________ of a person is his or her family name. A. given name B. middle name C. surname D. initials ( ) 5. Unlike in China, the kin terms used for relatives do not distinguish between _________ relatives in Britain. A. internal and external B. old and young 2015年12月江苏省高等教育自学考试 跨文化交际 一、 选择题（每小题1分，共10分） 在下列各题中选出正确的选项，并将其字母标号填入题前的括号内。
Intercultural communication paper I.Fill in the blanks to make the statements complete (25%) （共8小题，25个空格，每空1分） 1.There are roughly five types of communication: human communication, （） communication, human-animal communication, human-machine communication and machine-to-machine communication. 2.Past-oriented people tend to believe tradition is important. Present-oriented cultures maintain that the moment is the most significant. If you tend to look to the future and make plans, you are future-oriented. Generally speaking, Chinese are accepted as past-oriented while （）are thought to be future-oriented. … II.Choose one correct answer from the four choices （共20个单选，每个1分，共20分） 6.Socrates together with __________ and Aristotle are thought to be the founder of Western philosophy. Their emphasis is on self instead of on nature. From Socrates’ time, there is division from nature and man. A. Descartes B. Hegal C. Plato D. Archimedes 7.The Chinese Three Character Classics orients human nature as ________. A. good but corruptible B. evil but perfectible C . mixture of good and evil D. evil and corruptible 11. The ______ meditation is the most abstract of all because it is the thinking of thinking. Thinking becomes the subject of its own investigation. A. Hindu B. Chinese C. Greek D. Japanese 12. The ________ tends to use their reason as a spectacle in which to see the world. Hence thinking is the means to understand the world. A. Hindu B. Chinese C. Greek D. Japanese 13. The _________ tend to distinguish mind from body, people from nature, and God from Man, while the Chinese are used to looking at the world as a whole unit. A. Westerners B. Hindus C. Arabs D. Indonesians 17. The ______ discourse style is characterized as laying emphasis on impression rather than on information while the _________ discourse style features laying emphasis on information rather than on impression. A. Western…Chinese B. English…Korean C. American…Japanese D. Chinese…Westerners’ 18. Westerners are direct in expressing ideas while the Chinese are indirect. So the deductive (topic first) pattern is prevalent in _____ and the inductive (topic delayed) pattern is more accepted by the Chinese and other Asians. A. the West B. China C. Korea D. Japan 19. The function of nonverbal signs is sometimes indispensible. For example, placing your index finger to your lips as an alternative to saying “Please calm down so that I can speak” is a case of ________. A. complementing B. repeating C. contradicting D. substituting
期末考试范围 ? 1. 阅读理解2篇（20%） ? 2. 选词填空：15个句子（15个备选项，课后的key concepts,概念的词为主。（15%） ?eg: ———the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. ? 3. 简答题：课后comprehension questions和case study( 课内或者稍微改动的）。（25%） 4. 实用写作：一封信什么的（格式）（10%） 5. 写作：给出某个文化现象观点，运用所学文化差异进行评论 （comment)。（30%） 如: 说给一个关于教育的话题（文化现象），我们要用所学的中 美教育差异进行评论，议论文形式。 价值观，家庭观，社会关系朋友观，饮食观，教育观，时间观等 篇目：Unit1: A B C Unit2 A Unit3 A B Unit5A Unit6A Unit7 A Unit10 B Unit1 A Key concepts reservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty：谦虚的 humor：幽默的 sportsmanship：运动员精神 Q1、what is a reserved person like? Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen? Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship. Q3、what is sportsmanship? Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while al so showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Case study Q、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?