福师1203考试批次《组织行为学》复习题及参考答案

全国2003年7月高等教育自学考试组织行为学(二)试题课程代码：00938一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.研究组织的运行及其规律的学科是（C）A.社会学B.管理学C.组织行为学D.市场营销学2.提出了理想的行政组织体系理论，主张通过职务或职位而不是个人或世袭地位来管理，还著有《新教的伦理》、《社会和经济组织的理论》等著作，因此被称为组织管理之父的是（C）A.法约尔B.泰罗C.马科思·韦伯D.亨利·甘特3.管理层次与管理跨度的关系是（C）A.正相关关系B.等比关系C.反相关关系D.互动关系4.20世纪20年代至30年代，美国有关研究人员在美国西方电气公司进行了有关工作条件、社会因素与生产效率之间关系的试验。

这个试验为后来的行为科学研究奠定了基础，对企业管理的发展有着重要的影响。

这个试验是（B）A.社会试验B.霍桑试验C.疲劳试验D.心理试验5.管理层次是组织中建立的授权级别的数量，是企业纵向管理的等级层次，又称为（D）A.组织结构B.管理跨度C.控制幅度D.组织层次6.命令统一性的基本含义是（A）A.一个下级只服从一个上级的直接指挥B.命令由上级作出C.命令由专门部门拟订D.命令必须执行7.依照有关管理部门的决定、命令、批示，为完成特定的任务而建立的组织被称为（B）A.有机式组织B.正式组织C.机械式组织D.非正式组织8.把按职能划分的部门同按产品（或工程项目、服务项目等）划分的小组结合成的一种纵横交错的组织形式是（C）A.职能型结构B.参谋型结构C.矩阵型结构D.直线型结构9.大量事实表明，群体能够给予其成员巨大压力，使他们改变自己的态度和行为，采取与群体多数成员的言行保持一致的行为，这种行为是（D）A.大众行为B.社会行为C.自然行为D.从众行为10.当群体确立了被强制执行的一系列的行为规范后，有必要通过沟通使群体的新成员了解和执行这些行为规范，这样一种沟通活动被称为（D）A.群体影响B.群体约定C.群体压力D.群体社会化11.梅雷迪思·拜尔宾（Meredith Belbin）把个人的个性特征同群体的角色行为相联系，提出的理论是（B）A.功能角色理论B.团队角色理论C.社会角色理论D.相关角色理论12.自然或者自发形成的、以共同的兴趣或者爱好为基础而建立的群体是（B）A.正式群体B.非正式群体C.工作群体D.业余群体13.当假设（也许这种假设是错误的）某个人有某一行为特征时，将推断某人必然具有其他的行为特征，这种现象是（D）A.刻板印象B.轮换效应C.波及效应D.晕轮效应14.按照不同的具体条件，采取相应的组织结构、领导方式和管理机制。

福师1203考试批次《日语（一）》复习题及参考答案一课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问。

教学中心专业学号姓名成绩注：考试时间为100分钟一、默写日语五十音图的平假名和片假名（10%）平假名片假名参考答案：あいうえおアイウエオかきくけこカキクケコさしすせそサシスセソたちつてとタチツテトなにぬねのナニヌネノはひふへほハヒフヘホまみむめもマミムメモやいゆえよヤイユエヨらりるれろラリルレロわいうえをワイウエヲんン二、写出下列单词的汉字，若有送假名也写上。

（10%）１、あたたかい２、やさい３、らいねん４、ぶじ５、えんぴつ６、じゅんび７、かぞく８、かようび９、しゃしん１０、きせつ１１、ほんだな１２、けいたい１３、かてい１４、きょうし１５、しあわせ１６、あさ１７、とくい１８、きのう１９、のぼる２０、さむい参考答案：１、暖かい（温かい）２、野菜３、来年４、無事５、鉛筆６、準備７、家族８、火曜日９、写真１０、季節１１、本棚１２、携帯１３、家庭１４、教師１５、幸せ１６、朝１７、得意１８、昨日１９、登る２０、寒い三、给下列单词注上平假名（10%）１、働く２、桜３、病院４、本棚５、名所６、料理７、企画８、続く９、家族10、散歩１１、八日１２、野球１３、海１４、仕事１５、風邪１６、田舎１７、住む１８、予約１９、手紙２０、試験参考答案：１、はたらく２、さくら３、びょういん４、ほんだな５、めいじょ６、りょうり７、きかく８、つづく９、かぞく10、さんぽ１１、ようか１２、やきゅう１３、うみ１４、しごと１５、かぜ１６、いなか１７、すむ１８、よやく１９、てがみ２０、しけん四、填助词、一个括号填一个假名。

（10%）（原题量10题）１、どこ（）外国学院（）資料室ですか。

２、高橋さんは毎晩十一時（）十一時半（）起きます。

３、教室（）（）李さん（）（）いません。

４、田村さんは朝部屋（）出ました（）、まだ帰りません。

MBA2013级（深圳班）组织行为学复习思考题【备注】1、p说的是讲义.doc的第几页；2、案例自己分析，不多说；3、掌握各种题的解题方法和技巧；4、不要为考试而准备，不然过几天都忘完啦；5、老师推荐的10本左右的书，抽时间拜读下；老师共享的资料，学习下；一、熟练掌握下列原理：1、论述人性研究与管理理念、方法手段的关系。

P2马斯诺生理需求理论、赫兹伯格双因素理论、x理论和Y理论；2、管理者如何运用知觉原理搞好员工管理工作？P1要注意自己知识经验的积累，有助于快速准确解决问题；认识事物时要尽量克服自己的定势思维；防止旧知识、旧经验影响自己重新认识问题。

对员工做结论要慎重；应该尽量利用知觉原理待人处事；树立自己在员工心目中的良好形象：对自己有准确的、积极的自我认识，并帮助员工正确认识自己；对员工的工作行为应实事求是归因，避免消极的心理后果。

3、管理者如何运用情绪情感原理搞好员工管理工作？ P9创造组织内部良好的情绪情感气氛。

以员工的情绪变化为线索，用以发现组织存在的问题。

注意感情投资，形成良好的干群关系，并以其制约工作失误时群众的情绪表现。

注意避免激情的消极后果，尤其是群体激情的消极后果。

注意调节工作节奏，防止长期应激对身心健康的影响。

4、弗鲁姆期望理论的原理及其管理启示是什么？期望理论（Expectancy Theory），又称作“效价-手段-期望理论”，北美著名心理学家和行为科学家维克托·弗鲁姆（Victor H．Vroom）于1964年在《工作与激励》中提出来的激励理论。

期望理论是以三个因素反映需要与目标之间的关系的，要激励员工，就必须让员工明确：(1)工作能提供给他们真正需要的东西；(2)他们欲求的东西是和绩效了解在一起的；(3)只要努力工作就能提高他们的绩效。

激励（motivation）取决于行动结果的价值评价（即“效价”valence）和其对应的期望值（expectancy）的乘积：M = V * E弗鲁姆提出的期望理论在人事管理中的实际价值如下：①管理者应该同时注意提高期望概率和效价。

福师1203考试批次《现代语⾔学》复习题及参考答案福师1203考试批次《现代语⾔学》复习题及参考答案⼀本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之⽤，有问题请到课程论坛提问如学员使⽤其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点1.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.2.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.3. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 4. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology./doc/c31823e3cc2f0066f5335a8102d276a200296004.html nguage is entirely arbitrary.6.The naming theory of meaning was proposed by the ancient Greekscholar Plato./doc/c31823e3cc2f0066f5335a8102d276a200296004.html pounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8.All utterances take the form of sentences.9.Suffixes modify the meaning of the original word and in many caseschange its part of speech.10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. II. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement.1.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ____.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords2.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ____.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under frication between tongue and ____ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridgeD. soft palate5.____ deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Vowels that are produced between the positions for a front and back vowel are called ____ vowels.A. openB. closeC. frontD. central7、______ is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.A. CompetenceB. PerformanceC. LearningD. Acquisition8、______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmaticstudy of language.C. SoundD. Spoken9. A ______ analysis of an utterance will reveal what thespeaker intends to do with it.A. semanticB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammatical10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally callen______A. morphemeB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammaticalIII. Dissect the following words into morphemes. (2*5=10)1. though _______________ _______考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-222. speeches _________________ _____ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-223. geography ___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-224、morpheme___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-225、syntactic___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-22 IV. Define the following terms. (5*6=30)1. the telegraphic stage考核知识点：language acquisition，参见P482. language考核知识点：language ，参见P33. discreteness考核知识点：discreteness参见P94. vowel考核知识点：vowel，参见P145. internal structure考核知识点：internal structure，参见P22V. Answer the following questions. (15*2=30)1. Why do we say language is arbitrary?考核知识点：arbitrary，参见P5use linguistic symbols which are originally meaningless to refer to something meaningful．There is no physical，’logical or natural connection between the symbolic signs used in language and the meaning they stand for．It is inexplicable．Wecan’t explain why the English people use‘'water'’to refer to the stuff in this bottle．Similarly,we can’t explain why the Chinese people use“⽔”to refer to the stuff．So language is arbitrary in nature．2. What’s the difference between langue and parole?考核知识点：langue and parole，参见P3-10参考答案要点：Language is full ofvarieties：no two speakers speak in an identical manner；no two speakers have an identical learning experience．Language consists in its varieties，that is to say,language is realized through its varieties(cp．the relation．between fruit and apple，between phoneme and allophones and phones and between langue and parole．福师1203考试批次《现代语⾔学》复习题及参考答案⼆本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之⽤，有问题请到课程论坛提问如学员使⽤其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points,1.5 points for each)1、Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language..2、Language is not only linearly-structured.3、Linguistic performance is essentially a social phenomenon and alsoa context-dependent behavior.4、General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories,5、descriptions, models and methods applicable are not in any linguistic study.6、Some languages are not superior to other languages.7、Compounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8、 Not all utterances take the form of sentences.9、Morphemes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech.10、The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morphe. 参考答案：1-5 F T F T F 6-10 T F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points,2 points for each)1.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of childlanguage acquisition?_______.A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formationB. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of humanbeingsC. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language2.The pair of words "lend"and "borrow"are ___.A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms参考答案B3. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the workof the British scholar .A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones参考答案D4. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural参考答案D5. __produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation andpronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.A.Broca"s aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke"s aphasic参考答案D6.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say "night" as"light".This shows: .A.They cannot pronounce/n/B. Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in theirmother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds参考答案BA.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple参考答案A8.. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn"t it?"is __./doc/c31823e3cc2f0066f5335a8102d276a200296004.html rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative参考答案B9. The most recognizable differences between American English andBritish English are in __ and vocabulary./doc/c31823e3cc2f0066f5335a8102d276a200296004.html ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure 参考答案C10. __deals with the way in which a language varies through geographicalspace.A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics参考答案AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each) 1. phonetics考核知识点：phonetics，参见P122. phoneme考核知识点：phoneme，参见P163. stress考核知识点：stress，参见P174.reference考核知识点：reference，参见P355. idiolect考核知识点：idiolect，参见P411. How, in your opinion, does pragmatics differ from semantics?考核知识点：pragmatics and semantics，参见P28-35参考答案要点：Pragmatics is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is dependent on its social contexts．Semantics is the science of meaning．Semantics is concemed t11 encoding and decoding of meaning，(finding out how people encode their meaning and how people try to interpret their meaning)，identifying and classifying meanings，lexical meaning，sentential meaning，and utterance2. What’s the difference between sense and reference?考核知识点：sense and reference，参见P35参考答案要点：There are two different meanings of meaning：sense(the meaning that relates linguistic forms with what is in the non．1inguisticworld)and reference(the meaning that lies in the relation or contrasts among linguistic forms themselves，i．e．how the meanings are divided by the different linguistic forms／how different linguistic forms may be used to express meanings)．3. Explain language production with some examples.考核知识点：language production，参见P51参考答案要点：Language production is more difficult to study than language comprehension for the following reasons：the way thoughts are turned into speech(We don’t know how thoughts are turned intospeech．)；indirect approach through analyzing errors in speech production(We can only use this indirect approach to infer from these errors how we produce speech．)Following Carroll’s model of speech production,there are four stages：construction of thought to be expressed(You must have something in your mind to be expressed)，formation ofthought into linguistic forms(When you have some thought,you should turn it into linguistic forms)，construction of a motor command for the utterance(You need to prepare the command for the speech organs to speak)，execution ofthat motor command(You’re actually saying what you want to say)．福师1203考试批次《现代语⾔学》复习题及参考答案三本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之⽤，有问题请到课程论坛提问如学员使⽤其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points,1.5 points for each)11.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.12.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.13.A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 14.A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology./doc/c31823e3cc2f0066f5335a8102d276a200296004.html nguage is entirely arbitrary.16.Articulatory phonetics that studies speech sounds from a physicaltransmission.17.In speech sound production, lower part of the oral cavity arerelatively stable and function as a foil to the upper part in itsarticulatory movements.18.Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere inthe vocal tract.19.Stress may play different functions in different languages.20.Affixation changes the grammatical class of the word.参考答案1-5 F T F T F 6-10 F F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each) 3.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ______.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords4.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,“case” and so forth are called ______ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted fromgeneration to generation by a process of learning, and not geneticallyis usually referred to as ______.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under fricationbetween tongue and ______ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridge6.______ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Language has that distinguish it from other semiotic systemsused by humans and animals.A. functionB. design featuresC. importanceD. performance7. the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflowfor speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.A. MouthB. HeartC. NoseD. Lung8. The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be similarA. phoneticallyB. phonologicallyC. soundD. seem9. morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaningof the word.A. FunctionalB. LexicalC. GrammaticalD. Performative10. According to , language determines the framework of speaker’s perception and thought.A. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisB. Positivist theoryD. Speech Acts theory 参考答案1-5 C A D A B 6-10 B D AB AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each) 1. pragmatics考核知识点：pragmatics，参见P352. semantics考核知识点：semantics，参见P283. phonology考核知识点：phonology，参见P154. linguistics考核知识点：linguistics，参见P105. syntax考核知识点：syntax，参见P22Answer the following questions. (35 points)1. What is psycholinguistics?考核知识点：psycholinguistics，参见P48参考答案要点：Psycholinguistics is the study of the relation between language and mind，especially language acquisition and learning，and language comprehension and production．2. What’s the difference between free morpheme and bound morpheme? 考核知识点：free morpheme and bound morpheme，参见P20参考答案要点：Morpheme may also be classified according to their role in word formation．Inflectional morpheme is a bound morpheme that shows the inflectional changes of the wordand that expresses a certain grammatical meaning．Most of inflectional morphemes in English arerealized through their allomorphs，e．g．{past tense}-->⼀ed,⼀d，…An inflectional morpheme doesnot change the grammatical class ofthe word，e．g．{change)change is a verb，and{change)+{pasttense)is still a verb．Derivational morpheme is a morpheme that is added to a word to form a new word．Derivational morpheme may be a bound morpheme such as affixes，but it may also be a freemorpheme such as those used to form a compound．There are six key terms used in derivational3. Explain pidgin and creole with some examples.考核知识点：pidgin and creole，参见P43参考答案要点：Pidgin refers to a kind of lingua franca which is also known as“marginal language”．It has areduced grammatical structure，lexicon and stylistic range and has no native speakers．Theformation of a pidgin usually involves two or more speech communities and requires considerable motivation on the part of the speaker．Pidgin usually flourishes in areas of economic development and of substantial trading among different speech communities．Pidgin English used in trading among the English and the Chinese in Shanghai in the old days．Pidgin English used in Asia in trading includes elements from Malay,Chinese andPortuguese．Creole refers to the pidgin which has developed from a mixture oflanguages and expanded in its vocabulary,grammar and。

福师1203考试批次《现代语⾔学》复习题及参考答案学习资料福师1203考试批次《现代语⾔学》复习题及参考答案⼀本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之⽤，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所⽤教材为：如学员使⽤其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点1.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.2.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.3. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 4. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology./doc/b817278034.htmlnguage is entirely arbitrary.6.The naming theory of meaning was proposed by the ancient Greekscholar Plato./doc/b817278034.htmlpounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8.All utterances take the form of sentences.9.Suffixes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change itspart of speech.10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.II. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement.1.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ____.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords2.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,“case” and so forth are called ____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ____.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under frication between tongue and ____ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridgeD. soft palate5.____ deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Vowels that are produced between the positions for a front and back vowel are called ____ vowels.A. openB. closeC. frontD. central7、______ is defined as a conscious process of accumulatingknowledge of a second language usually obtained in schoolsettings.A. CompetenceB. PerformanceC. LearningD. Acquisition8、______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmaticstudy of language.A. SpeakingB. SpeechC. SoundD. Spoken9. A ______ analysis of an utterance will reveal what thespeaker intends to do with it.A. semanticB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammatical10.The most basic element of meaning is traditionally callen______A. morphemeB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammaticalIII. Dissect the following words into morphemes. (2*5=10)1. though _______________ _______ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-222. speeches _________________ _____ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-223. geography ___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-224、morpheme___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-225、syntactic___________ ___________ 考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-22IV. Define the following terms. (5*6=30)1. the telegraphic stage考核知识点：language acquisition，参见P482. language考核知识点：language ，参见P33. discreteness考核知识点：discreteness参见P94. vowel考核知识点：vowel，参见P145. internal structure考核知识点：internal structure，参见P22V. Answer the following questions. (15*2=30)1. Why do we say language is arbitrary?考核知识点：arbitrary，参见P5参考答案要点：Arbitrariness in narrow sense refers to the lack of physical，logical or natural connection(i．e．the inexplicability of the relationship)between individual linguistic symbols and the meanings they symbolize．We know people use linguistic symbols which are originally meaningless to refer to something meaningful．There is no physical，’logical or natural connection between the symbolic signs used in language and the meaning they stand for．It is inexplicable．We can’t explain why the English people use‘'water'’to refer to the stuff in this bottle．Similarly,we can’t explain why the Chinesepeople use“⽔”to refer to the stuff．So language is arbitrary in nature．2. What’s the difference between langue and parole?考核知识点：langue and parole，参见P3-10参考答案要点：Language is full ofvarieties：no two speakers speak in an identical manner；no two speakers have an identical learning experience．Language consists in its varieties，that is to say,language is realized through its varieties(cp．the relation．between fruit andapple，between phoneme and allophones and phones and between langue and parole．福师1203考试批次《现代语⾔学》复习题及参考答案⼆本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之⽤，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所⽤教材为：如学员使⽤其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each)1、Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language..2、Language is not only linearly-structured.3、Linguistic performance is essentially a social phenomenon and also a context-dependent behavior.4、General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories,5、descriptions, models and methods applicable are not in any linguistic study.6、Some languages are not superior to other languages.7、Compounding is the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.8、 Not all utterances take the form of sentences.9、Morphemes modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its part of speech.10、The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morphe.参考答案：1-5 F T F T F 6-10 T F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each)1.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child languageacquisition?_______.A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formationB. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use参考答案B2.The pair of words "lend"and "borrow"are ___.A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms参考答案B3. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of theBritish scholar .A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones参考答案D4. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural参考答案D5. __produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but thecontent of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.A.Broca"s aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke"s aphasic参考答案D6.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say "night" as "light".Thisshows: .A.They cannot pronounce/n/B. Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mothertongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds参考答案B7.. A word with several meanings is called __word.A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple参考答案A8.. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn"t it?"is __./doc/b817278034.htmlrmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative参考答案B9. The most recognizable differences between American English and BritishEnglish are in __ and vocabulary./doc/b817278034.htmlageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure参考答案C10. __deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics参考答案AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. phonetics考核知识点：phonetics，参见P122. phoneme考核知识点：phoneme，参见P163. stress考核知识点：stress，参见P174.reference考核知识点：reference，参见P355. idiolect考核知识点：idiolect，参见P41Answer the following questions. (35 points)1. How, in your opinion, does pragmatics differ from semantics?考核知识点：pragmatics and semantics，参见P28-35参考答案要点：Pragmatics is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is dependent on its social contexts．Semantics is the science of meaning．Semantics is concemed t11 encoding and decoding of meaning，(finding out how people encode their meaning and how people try to interpret their meaning)，identifying and classifying meanings，lexical meaning，sentential meaning，and utterance2. What’s the difference between sense and reference?考核知识点：sense and reference，参见P35参考答案要点：There are two different meanings of meaning：sense(themeaning that relates linguistic forms with what is in the non．1inguistic world)and reference(the meaning that lies in the relation or contrasts among linguistic forms themselves，i．e．how the meanings are divided by the different linguistic forms ／how different linguistic forms may be used to express meanings)．3. Explain language production with some examples.考核知识点：language production，参见P51参考答案要点：Language production is more difficult to study than language comprehension for the following reasons：the way thoughts are turned into speech(We don’t know how thoughts ar e turned intospeech．)；indirect approach through analyzing errors in speech production(We can only use this indirect approach to infer from these errors how we producespeech．)Following Carroll’s model of speech production,there are four stages：construction of thought to be expressed(You must have something in your mind to be expressed)，formation ofthought into linguistic forms(When you have some thought,you should turn it into linguistic forms)，construction of a motor command for the utterance(You need to prepare the command for the speech organs tospeak)，execution ofthat motor command(You’re actually saying what you want to say)．福师1203考试批次《现代语⾔学》复习题及参考答案三本课程复习题所提供的答案仅供学员在复习过程中参考之⽤，有问题请到课程论坛提问本复习题页码标注所⽤教材为：如学员使⽤其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). (15 points, 1.5 points for each)11.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.12.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.13.A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains asubject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. 14.A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by meansof syntax, lexicon, and phonology./doc/b817278034.htmlnguage is entirely arbitrary.16.Articulatory phonetics that studies speech sounds from a physicalpoint of view, focusing on their physical properties in transmission.17.In speech sound production, lower part of the oral cavity arerelatively stable and function as a foil to the upper part in its articulatory movements.18.Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere inthe vocal tract.19.Stress may play different functions in different languages.20.Affixation changes the grammatical class of the word.参考答案1-5 F T F T F 6-10 F F T T FII. Choose the ONE choice that best completes each statement. (20 points, 2 points for each)3.The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and theend of ______.A. tongueB. hard palateC. soft palateD. vocal cords4.Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”,“case” and so forth are called ______ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ______.A. performanceB. language acquisitionC. cultural transmissionD. competence4. The sound [s] and [z] are the results of air escaping under frication between tongue and ______ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palateB. uvulaC. alveolar ridgeD. soft palate6.______ deals with language application to other fields, particularlyeducation.A. Linguistic geographyB. Applied linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Comparative linguistics6. Language has that distinguish it from other semiotic systemsused by humans and animals.B. design featuresC. importanceD. performance7. the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflowfor speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.A. MouthB. HeartC. NoseD. Lung8. The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be similarA. phoneticallyB. phonologicallyC. soundD. seem9. morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaningof the word.A. FunctionalB. LexicalC. GrammaticalD. Performative10. According to , language deter mines the framework of speaker’s perception and thought.A. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisB. Positivist theoryC. Use theoryD. Speech Acts theory 参考答案1-5 C A D A B 6-10 B D AB AIII. Define each of the following terms. (30 points, 6 points for each)1. pragmatics考核知识点：pragmatics，参见P352. semantics考核知识点：semantics，参见P283. phonology考核知识点：phonology，参见P15考核知识点：linguistics，参见P105. syntax考核知识点：syntax，参见P22Answer the following questions. (35 points)1. What is psycholinguistics?考核知识点：psycholinguistics，参见P48参考答案要点：Psycholinguistics is the study of the relation between language and mind，especially language acquisition and learning，and language comprehension and production．2. What’s the difference between free morpheme and bound morpheme?考核知识点：free morpheme and bound morpheme，参见P20参考答案要点：Morpheme may also be classified according to their role in word formation．Inflectional morpheme is a bound morpheme that shows the inflectional changes of the wordand that expresses a certain grammatical meaning．Most of inflectional morphemes in English arerealized through their allomorphs，e．g．{past tense}-->⼀ed,⼀d，…Aninflectional morpheme doesnot change the grammatical class ofthe word，e．g．{change)change is a verb，and{change)+{pasttense)is still a verb．Derivational morpheme is a morpheme that is added to a word to form a new word．Derivational morpheme may be a bound morpheme such as affixes，but it may also be a freemorpheme such as those used to form a compound．There are six key terms used in derivational3. Explain pidgin and creole with some examples.考核知识点：pidgin and creole，参见P43参考答案要点：Pidgin refers to a kind of lingua franca which is also known as“marginal language”．It has areduced grammatical structure，lexicon and stylistic range and has no native speakers．Theformation of a pidgin usually involves two or more speech communities and requires considerable motivation on the part of the speaker．Pidgin usually flourishes in areas of economic development and of substantial trading among different speech communities．Pidgin English used in trading among the English and the Chinese in Shanghai in the old days．Pidgin English used in Asia in trading includes elements from Malay,Chinese and Portuguese．Creole refers to the pidgin which has developed from a mixtureoflanguages and expanded in its vocabulary,grammar and stylistic range，which has acquired its own native speakers and assumed an equal or similar status ofanyhumannatural language．。

19秋福师《组织行为学》在线作业一[2]答案【XXX】19秋福师《组织行为学》在线作业一试卷总分:100得分:100一、单选题（共10题，20分）1、影响组织中个体行为的因素不包括（）。

A感知B激励C个性D价值观[仔细分析上述题目，并作出选择]正确答案是：D2、任何行为的产生，都是由（）驱使的。

A需要B理想C动机D诱惑[仔细分析上述题目，并作出选择]正确答案是：C3、目标管理理论是由现代管理大师（）根据目标设置理论提出的目标激励方案。

XXXXXX˙XXXC彼得˙XXXXXX[仔细分析上述题目，并作出选择]正确答案是：B4、（）沟通是一种比较经济的沟通方式。

A表情B肢体C口头D书面[仔细分析上述题目，并作出选择]正确答案是：D5、研究表明，()人组成的中等规模的群体决策最有效。

A3-9B40C51D62[仔细分析上述题目，并作出选择]正确答案是：C6、（）角色指个别对其所扮演的社会角色的行动模式的理解。

A期望B行动C认知D理想[仔细阐发上述题目，并作出选择]正确答案是：C7、行为科学早期的代表人物为（）。

AXXXXXXXXXD法约尔[仔细阐发上述题目，并作出选择]正确答案是：A8、20世纪20年代XXX提出了（）理论。

AX理论BY理论CZ理论DU理论[仔细分析上述题目，并作出选择]正确答案是：A9、研究型组织的边界的界定，建立在（）的基础上A组织要素与外部环境要素互动干系B法律C组织规模D地域[仔细阐发上述题目，并作出选择]正确答案是：A10、环境是作为（）和过程而存在的。

A配景B组织C结构D系统[仔细分析上述题目，并作出选择]正确答案是：D二、多选题（共20题，40分）1、XXX提出了Y理论，它夸大：（）。

A员工视事情如苏息、娱乐一般自然B假如员工对某些事情作出承诺，他们会进行自我指导和自我控制，以完成任务C一般而言，每个人不仅能够承担义务，而且会主动寻求承担义务D绝大多数人都具备作出正确决策的能力，而不仅仅办理者才具备这一能力[仔细阐发上述题目，并作出选择]正确答案是：ABCD2、下面属于激励因素的有（）。

考试科目:《组织行为学》（总分100分）时间：90分钟学习中心（教学点）批次：层次：专业：学号：身份证号：姓名：得分：一、单项选择题（本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、一个组织的部门结构、人员的职责和职位都是可以变动的，以便保证知识和职权的结合，保证集权和分权的均衡是现代组织理论中的（）组织结构原则。

A、权变B、弹性C、双因素D、激励2、人对事物的看法、评价及带评价意义的叙述是态度的（）成分。

A、认识B、情感C、意向D、感觉3、基于霍桑试验，研究结果表明，工人是社会人，影响工人的生产积极性的因素除了物质条件以外，还有社会和心理因素是属于（）人性假设理论。

A、经济人B、复杂人C、社会人D、自我实现人4、M=V.E是由美国心理学家（）首先提出的期望理论。

A、梅突B、卢因C、亚当斯D、弗隆5、非正式组织构成了一个（）的总体系统。

A、有效B、无效C、无关紧要D、十分重要6、欧美大企业所采用的典型组织形态是（）结构。

A、直线职能B、事业部C、模拟分权D矩阵7、组织文化建设必须按照相应的（）规律来进行，才能事半功倍。

A、社会B、道德C、心理D、政治8、创建成功的团队（）要有相乘性地共同学习。

A、必须B、不一定C、同时D、永远9、组织行为学特别注重（）的研究，因为它与人的行为密切相关。

A、社会道德B、社会理想C、社会知觉D、人际知觉10、不同文化的人对人性看法是（）的。

A、没有差异B、差异不大C、差异很大D、始终一致二、多项选择题（本题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分。

多选、少选、错选均不得分。

)1、当今世界普遍认为，成人的人格是由（）的因素组成的，同时也受情境因素的影响。

A、遗传B、环境C、实践D、社会2、波特和劳勒的激励模式中告诉人们工作的实际绩效取决于（）几种因素。

A、能力大小B、努力程度C、理解深度D、激励力度3、凝聚力的作用主要表现在（）这些方面。

A、满意度B、工作性质C、沟通D、生产率E、群体意识4、组织风气是指组织在长期活动中逐步形成的行为习惯和精神风貌，一旦形成，将对群体行为产生巨大的作用，主要有（）这几方面。

组织行为学参考答案单选题艾桑尼是从哪个角度来划分组织类型的（对成员的控制方式）B被称为研究组织内部人的行为的里程碑是（霍桑试验）B不仅指出需要层次的“满足——上升”趋势，而且也指出“挫折——倒退”趋势的理论是哪一种？（ERG理论——成长理论）。

B表扬奖励员工，让他们参与管理，给他们提供培训机会，能满足员工的（尊重需要）。

B不能用现成的规范和程序解决所遇到的问题，而需要专业的管理人员对环境有深入的洞察力和丰富的知识。

这类环境是（复杂-动态环境）。

D当某种行为出现后，给予某种带有强制性、威胁性的不利后果，以期减少这种行为出现的可能性或消除该行为，这种强化方式是（惩罚）D大型组织拥有的成员一般在多少人左右？（1000～45000人）。

[3～30人——小； 30～1000人——中；45000人以上——巨型。

]D当一个人在爱情问题上受到挫折后并未消沉，这种行为反应是（升华的行为反应）D当群体目标和组织目标一致时，凝聚力与生产率的关系就会出现（高生率高凝聚力）D对下属采取信任的态度，这种领导风格属于什么类型？（参与型） F弗洛依德认为个性中不受社会道德规范约束的部分是：（本我）。

G过程型激励理论包括（期望理论、公平理论）G工作比较单纯，不需要复杂的知识和技能，完成一项工作需要大家的配合，或从事连锁性的工作，（同质群体）可能达到最高的绩效G管理方格图中，最有效的领导方式有（团队式）G管理系统理论是由（利克特）提出的H赫兹伯格认为，激励员工的关键在于（设计出一种能让员工感到工作本身就是激励的工作任务）J将人视为自私自利、好逸恶劳的是哪一种假设?（经济人）J决定人的心理活动动力特征的是：（气质）J具有高水平的专长，善于在活动中进行创造性思维，引发灵感，活动成果突出而异的人属于：（天才）。

L老心理分析论的代表人物是：（佛洛依德）。

L临时检查卫生、学生抽查考试，都属于什么样的强化方式？（可变间隔的强化）L领导的连续流理论是（坦南鲍母和施密特）提出的。