第三章
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.
1. The is ' the smallest functioning unit in the composition
of words' (Crystal 1985).
A. morph
B. allomorph
C. morpheme
D. allophone
2. Morphemes are units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as
A. concrete, allomorphs
B. abstract, morphs
C. abstract, lexemes
D. concrete, morphs
3. Most morphemes are realized by single morphs. Words of this kind
are called words.
A. polysemous
B. monomorphemic
C. polymorphemic
D. stem
4. Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to
their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known as
A. lexemes
B. headwords
C. allomorphs
D. phones
5. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to
group them into morphemes and
morphemes.
A. derivational, inflectional
B. free, bound
C. free, inflectional
D. root, bound
6. Free morphemes are identical with words.
A. compound
B. root
C. converted
D. clipped
7. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in words.
A. root
B. inflectional
C. derived
D. compound
8. Morphemes which cannot occur as words are hound.
A. separate
B. compound
C. derived
D. converted
9. Free morphemes have meanings in themselves and can be
used as grammatical units in
sentences.
A. incomplete, independent
B. complete, free
C. complete, dependent
D. free, complete
10. Morphemes which are other morphemes are considered to
be free.
A. different from
B. dependent on
C. related with
D. independent of
11. The minimal meaningful units of a language are known as
A. morphs
B. morphemes
C. allomorphs
D. lexemes
12. im-", "ir-", "il-" "in- "and are all of
the , negative prefix.
A. morphs, morpheme
B. morphemes, morph
C. allomorphs, morphs
D. allomorphs, morpheme
13. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as
A. derivational morphemes
B. inflectional morphemes
C. bound roots
D. free roots
14. Derivational affixes can be further divided into and
A. bound roots and suffixes
B. prefixes and suffixes
C. bound roots and prefixes
D. inflectional affixes and prefixes
15. According to the functions of affixes, we put them into affixes and affixes.
A. inflectional, derivational
B. reflective, flexible
C. converted, bound
D. root, bound
16. affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.
A. Converted
B. Inflectional
C. Derivational
D. Bound
17. A is the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.
A. root
B. stem
C. lexeme
D. headword
18. The , whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word.
A. stem
B. root
C. prefix
D. suffix
19. "-dict-" is a/an
A. free root
B. inflectional morpheme
C. bound root
D. derivational morpheme
20. In the word "contradict", "contra-" is a/an
A. bound root
B. inflectional morpheme
C. free root
D. derivational morpheme
21. In "tomatoes", "tomato" is a/an and "-es" is a/an
A. stem, suffix
B. root, prefix
C. bound root, prefix
D. stem, root
22. Bound morphemes include two types: and
A. prefix, suffix
B. bound root and prefix
C. bound root, affix
D. derivational morpheme and suffix
23. In "went" we find morphemes, and in "classroom s" root.
A. two, two
B. one, two
C. one, three
D. two, three
24. "predict" is made up of a/an _-- morpheme and a/an morpheme.
A. prefix, bound
B. root, bound
C. inflectional, derivational
D. inflectional, root
25. "antecedent" is made up of
A. a prefix and a bound root
B. a bound root and a suffix
C. a prefix, a bound root and a suffix
D. a bound root, a free root and a suffix
26. Most do not change the word classes of the original words.
A. suffixes
B. prefixes
C. affixes
D. bound roots
27. In "clockwise", we can find
A. two free roots
B. a free root and a suffix
C. a prefix and a free root
D. a free root and a bound root
28. In English, inflectional affixes are and derivational affixes are both and
A. suffixes, prefixes, suffixes
B. infixes, suffixes, prefixes
C. prefixes, suffixes, prefixes
D. prefixes, infixes, prefixes
29. The morpheme "-s" in "desks" is called morpheme.
A. derivational
B. free
C. grammatical
D. inflectional
30. In English, bound roots are either or
A. Latin, French
B. Greek, Scandinavian
C. Latin, Greek
D. French, Greek
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.
1. Though borrowing has been playing an active role in the expansion
of vocabulary as indicated, in modern times, however, vocabulary is largely enriched on a/an basis.
2. Before we actually deal with the means of word-formation, we need
to analyze the structures of words and gain a working knowledge of the different word-forming elements which are to be used to create new words.
3. It seems to be generally agreed that a is the smallest unit
of a language that stands alone to communicate meaning.
4. The word " denaturalization" can be broken down into morphemes.
5. Suffixes usually change the word-class while do not usually change the world-class.
6. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as
7."water" has morpheme(s).
8. The _ is the base form of a word that expresses its essential meaning.
9. An is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned
by position or adjoining sounds.
10. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationship are called affixes.
11. Free morphemes and free are identical.
12. The number of inflectional affixes is small and which
makes English one of the easiest language to learn.
13. affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes
14. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is
15."-s", "-ed", "-er" and "-est" are all morphemes because they do not generate new words.
16. "er-", "im-", "ab-", and "-ly" are all morphemes because they generate new words.
17. usually do not change word-class of the stems but only modify their meanings.
18. Structurally speaking, a word is not the smallest unit because many words are and separable.
19. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the component of meaning in a word.
20. roots in English are either Latin or Greek.
21 .A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further an-alysed total loss of identity.
22. A can include a root, although sometimes it can replace
a root.
23. Most morphemes are realized by morphs.
24. A root is that part of a word form that remains when all and derivational affixes have been removed.
25. A stem is a form to which of any kind can be added.
26. "idealization" has morphemes.
27. "gone", "easier", "green houses" and "swimming" all contain a(n) morpheme.
28. Most inflectional morphemes are
29. morphemes are chiefly found in derived words.
30. Derivational affixes are added to other morphemes to create words.
III. Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to (1)types of morphemes (2)language family
(3)modes of vocabulary development(4)classification of words
and(5)sources of borrowing.
A B
1. man A. inflectional morpheme
2. Spanish B. bound root
3.-ed C. stem
4. sit-in D. derivational morpheme
5. penicillin E. free morpheme
6. pork F. terminology
7. Prussian G. creation
8. -dict- H. denizen
9. pre- I. Baho-Slavic
10. national in international J. Italic
IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify (1)types of morphemes; (2)language family; (3)modes of
vocabulary development;(4)classification of words and (5)sources
of borrowing.
1.-s- in works ( )
2. anti- in antislavery ( )
3.liberate in proliferation ( )
4.-dict- in dictator ( )
5. Norwegian ( )
6. dumb( = stupid) ( )
7. surplus value ( )
8. have (auxiliary) ( )
9. pork (from pore) ( )
10.guess ( = think) ( ) V. Define the following terms.
1. root
2. stem
3. derivational morphemes/affixes
4. inflectional morphemes/affixes
5. bound root
6. affixes
7. bound morphemes 8 .free morphemes
9. allomorphs 10. morphs 11. morphemes
VI. Answer the following questions .Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given
below.
1. Why do we say that free morphemes and free roots are identical?
2. What are the differences between a bound morpheme and a bound root?
3. Are a root and a stem the same? Give your reasons.
4.According to the functions of affixes how many groups can you
put them into? What are their characteristics?
VI. Analyze and comment on the followings. Write your answers in the space given.
1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words. Point out the types of morphemes.
prediction
strawberries
encouragement
2. Analyze the morphological structure of the following words in
the light of free morphemes and bound morphemes,
then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.
idealization
hand-made
luckily
参考答案
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the
statement.
1.C
2.B
3.B
4.C
5.B
6.B
7.C
8.A
9.B 10.D
11 .B 12.D 13 .B 14.B 15 .A
16.C 17 .B 18.B 19.C 20.D 21 .A 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.C 26. B 27. B 28.A 29. D 30. C
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.
1. internal
2. morphological
3. word
4. five
5. prefixes
6. morphs
7. one
8. root
9. allomorph 10. inflectional 11. roots 12. stable 13. Derivational 14. morpheme 15. inflectional 16. derivational
17. Prefixes 18. analyzable 19. main 20. Bound 21. without 22. stem 23. single 24. inflectional
25. affixes 26. three 27. inflectional 28. suffixes 29. Bound 30. new
III. Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to
(1) types of morphemes;(2)language family;(3)modes of vocabulary
development (4)classification of words and (5)sources of borrowing.
1.E
2.J
3.A
4.G
5.F
6.H
7.1
8.B
9.D 10.C
IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify(1)types of morphemes; (2)language family; (3)modes of vocabulary development;(4)classification of words and @sources of borrowing.
1.bound morpheme/inflectional morpheme/suffix
2. bound morpheme/derivational morpheme/reflex
3. free morpheme/free root
4. bound root
5. Germanic/Scandinavian
6. semantic-loan
7. translation-loan 8. functional word 9. denizen 10. revival of archaic or obsolete words
V .Defame the following terms.
1. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further anal
ysed without total loss of identity .The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word.
2. A stem may consist of a single root morpheme or two root morphemes
or a root plus an affix. A stem is a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.
3.Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create
new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes.
4. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, and those added to stems to create new words are derivational.
5. A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning but cannot stand alone as a word.
6. Affixes are forms that are attached to stems to make new words or show grammatical meaning.
7.Bound morphemes are the morphemes that cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morphemes to form words.
8.Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words.
9. A single morpheme may be phonetically realized by two or more morphs.
These alternative phonetic forms or variants are allomorphs. 10.A morpheme must be realized as certain phonetic forms or variants
in different phonetic environments. Each of the phonetic forms or variants is a morph.
11. A morpheme is the minimal/smallest meaningful unit of a language VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be and short. Write your answers in the space given below.
1. Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are consid6red
to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences .They are identical Mth root words, as each of them consists of a single free root. Therefore, we might as well say that free morphemes are free roots.
2.Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. Bound morphemes include bound root and affix. Bound root is only one type of bound morpheme.
3. A root and a stem are not the same. A root is the basic form of word which cannot be further analysed. A stem may consist of a single root or two roots and a root plus an affix. Therefore, a stem can be a root or a form bigger than a root.
4. According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into two
ups: inflectional and derivational affixes. Inflectional affixes are attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical morphemes. The number of inflectional affixes is small and stable. Derivational
affixes are added to other morphemes to create new words.
Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes come before
the word and the suffixes after the word.
VI.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given.
1. (1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes : prediction
(pre +dict + ion) ,strawberries(straw + berry + es), encouragement(en + courage + ment).
(2)"pre-", "-ion", "-es en-" and "-ment" are bound morphemes as
they cannot stand alone as words. "pre-", "-ion", "en-" and
"-ment" are derivational morphemes and "-es" is an inflectional
morpheme, while "-dict-" is a bound root.
(3) "straw", "berry" and "courage" are all free morphemes as they can stand alone as words.
2. (1) Each of the three consists of three morphemes:
idealization(ideal + ize + ation), hand-made (hand + make + d), luckily(luck + y + ly).
(2) "ideal", "hand", "make" and "luck" are all free morphemes, and
"-ize", "-ation", "-d", "-y" and "-ly" are all bound morphemes. Of the bound morphemes, "-d" is an inflectional morpheme, and other four are derivational morphemes.
(3) Free morphemes can exist themselves as words. They have complete
meaning in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units
in sentences. Bound morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They must be bound to other morphemes, bound or free.
Derivational affixes are used to create new words, but inflectional affixes are used to indicate grammatical meaning.
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学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。 （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快，在一些时候还拉开了距离。在最近五百年里，尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化，却没有相应的拼写变化。 （3）some of the difference were created by the early scribes第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同。（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary最后借词来了，这是丰富英语词汇的重要途径。 （5）printing印刷已经变得非常普及。它有助于固定单词的拼写、standardization标准化使得拼写不容改变。、dictionary字典在拼写终结中得到好处。 —Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 —The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary？ （1）Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 （2）Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 （3）All the words of a dialect，a book ，a discipline...某个方言，书籍，学科中的所有单词 5.Classification of English Words：英语词汇由所有种类的词汇组成。它们可以根据不同的标 准或者不同的目的进行分类。 By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary根据使用频率，单词可以分为基础词和非基础词。 By notion:content words&functional words可以根据概念分成实词和虚词
2011 7月 II.Words and phrases translation（20 points，1 point for each） A.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese. 16.a slender man一个身材瘦长的人17.country-wide trade全国贸易18.the Ethiopian highlands埃塞俄比亚高原19.economic policy经济政策20.great-grandmother(外)曾祖母21.open sea公海 22.part-time river季节性河流23.mineral oil矿物油 24.environmental law环境法25.welcoming banquet欢迎宴会 B.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English. 26.逃学Play truant 27.军阀政府The warlord government 28.九龙壁The nine dragon wall 29.基本方针Basic principle 30.游记Travel notes 31.祥林嫂Xiang Lin's wife 32.排队to stand in a queue to line up 33.大陆架Continental shelf 34.董事会Board of directors 35.深刻影响 Profound impact 2011 4月 II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point each) 16. appreciation dinner 答谢宴会17. birth defect先天性生理缺陷 18. applied entomology应用昆虫学 19. member state会员国、成员国 20. maternity hospital 妇产医院21. over-the-counter medicine非处方药 22. green belt 防护林、绿化带23. inland waters内陆水域 24. room temperature 室温、常温25. debt chain三角债、债务链 B. Directions: Translate the following words and phrases into English. (Please write the answer on your Answer Sheet.)
2011年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题 I. Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best translation of the original statement in terms of meaning and expressiveness. (Please write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.) 1. A nations greatest wealth is the industry of its people. A.一个国家最大的财富就是民族工业。 B.一个国家最大的财富就是人民的勤劳。 C.一个民族最大的财富就是人民的工业。 D.一个民族最大的财富就是民众的兴旺。 2. Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. A.科学家们确实知道煤是怎样形成的，但要是问他们石油是怎样形成的，他们似乎就不那么有把握了。 B.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油的形成时，他们好像没有那么确信。 C.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油是怎样形成的，似乎就不那么确信了。 D.科学家们确实知道煤的形成，但要是问他们石油的形成时，似乎就不那么有把握了。 3. I wasnt their enemy, in fact or in feeling. I was their ally. A.在事实上或感情上，我不是他们的敌人。我是他们的盟友。 B.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或感情上。我是他们的盟友。 C.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或者在感情上，而是他们的盟友。
自考英汉翻译教程词汇整理
Unit 1 lesson 1 1. fellow countrymen 同胞 2. average height 中等身材 3. gleaming eyes 闪光的眼睛 4. in his middle twenties 二十多岁 5. to be seated 招呼坐下 6. stand squarely 端正正地站着 7. more than ten years his junior 比她年轻十几岁 8. revolutionary road 革命道路 9. Chinese communist Party中共 10. full member 正式成员 11. membership 党籍 12. keep a secret 保密 Lesson 2 1. immeasurable contrast 迥然不同 2. to and fro 走来走去 3. upturn face 仰着脸 4. sweet spring 芬芳的春天 5. anger and bitterness 又气愤又苦恼 6. dense fog 大雾 7. tense and anxious 紧张而焦急
8. 五一的下午on the afternoon of May 1st 9. 无言的呼唤wordless cry 10. 探测绳sounding-line Lesson 3 1. 各种流派的different schools 2. 前两天a few days ago 3. 受限制be restricted/be subjected to 4. 传统观念traditional thinking 5. 不合理的制度irrational system 6. 最高境界the highest state 7. 浓妆艳抹heavy make up 8主人公chief character/principal character 9. 花言巧语flowery language 10.社会进步人性发展social progress and human development Unit 2 Lesson 4 1. 工业革命Industrial Revolution 2. 多功能的机器multi-purpose machine 3. 出于自愿和兴趣on one’s own account, out of interest 4. 新兴城市the rising town
自考本科英语专业《英汉翻译教程》词汇翻译汇总 2012年4月 II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point each) A. Translate the following words and phrases into Chinese. Write down your translation on your Answer Sheet. 16. gamma rays 伽马射线17. the New Testament 《新约全书》 18. ecologist 生态学者19. entrepreneurial spirit 创业精神 20. court of appeals 上诉法院21. Royal Society 皇家学会 22. a letter of patent 授权书23. consecutive interpretation 交替翻译 24. instrument of ratification 批准书25. the six-party talks 六方会谈 B. Translate the following words and phrases into English. Write down your translation on your Answer Sheet. 26.诺贝尔奖获得者the Nobel Prize Winner 27.福利基金welfare fund 28.国际经济合作International Economic Cooperation29.珠江三角洲Pear River Delta 30.北洋军阀政府the Northern Warlord Government31.民族团结ethnic harmony 32.金融服务业financial services 33.大陆架continental shelf 34.世界文化遗产world cultural legacy 35.联合国教科文组织United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2011年7月 A.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese. 16.a slender man 身材瘦长17.country-wide trade 国内贸易 18.the Ethiopian highlands 埃塞俄比亚高原 19.economic policy经济政策20.great-grandmother 外祖母 21.open sea 公海 22.part-time river 季节性河流23.mineral oil 矿物油 24.environmental law环境保护法25.welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会 B.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English. 26.逃学play truant27.军阀政府Warlord Government 28.九龙壁Nine-Dragon Wall 27.基本方针basic policies30.游记travels 31.祥林嫂Aunt Xianglin 28.排队queue up33.大陆架continental shelf 34.董事会board 35.深刻影响profound impact 2011年4月 16. appreciation dinner答谢宴会17. birth defect 天生缺陷 18. applied entomology 应用昆虫学19. member state 成员国(缔约国） 20. maternity hospital 妇产科医院21. over-the-counter medicine成药
2007年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语翻译试卷 Ⅰ．Multiple Choice Questions （30 points, 2 points for each） A．Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1．I always found myself a dread of west and a love of east in Eden. A．我总是在自己身上找到对伊甸之西的畏惧和对伊甸之东的喜爱。 B．我总是在我内心深处找到对伊甸之西的畏惧和对伊甸之东的喜爱。 C．我发现自己身上一直有对伊甸之西的畏惧，对伊甸之东的喜爱。 D．我发现自己一直对伊甸之西怀有畏惧，而对伊甸之东怀有喜爱。 2．No man is so foolish but he may give another good counsel sometimes. A．没有人如此愚笨，他有时也能给别人提出好的忠告。 B．没有人愚笨到偶尔也给别人提出好的忠告。 C．人再愚笨，有时也能给别人提出好的忠告。 D．偶尔愚笨的人也能给别人提出好的忠告。 3．A pretext was the last thing that Hastings was likely to want. A．最后，哈丁斯好像需要一个借口。 B．哈丁斯可能不需要任何借口。 C．最后，哈丁斯可能想要的那个东西就是借口。 D．借口好像是哈丁斯想要的最后的东西。 4．A powerful indictment of America’s disregard of ecology, Silent Spring was aimed chiefly at the wholesale use of chemical pesticide．especially DDT. A．有力地控诉了美国对生态的忽视，《沉默的春天》主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕。 B．一个对美国忽视生态的有力控诉，《沉默的春天》主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕。 C．《沉默的春天》是对美国忽视生态的有力控诉，它主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是对滴滴涕的使用进行了控诉。 D．《沉默的春天》对美国忽视生态，主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕的使用，进行了有力的控诉。 5．Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say NO SMOKING A．瘾君子仍然绝望地对那些“严禁吸烟”的布告牌视而不见。 B．瘾君子绝望了，他们对那些“严禁吸烟”的布告牌都视而不见了。 C．瘾君子对那些“严禁吸烟”的布告牌视而不见，因为他们绝望了。 D．瘾君子对那些“严禁吸烟”的布告牌视而不见，真是不可救药。 6．这些计划反映了中国人民把经济落后的中国尽快变为世界强国的决心。 A．These plans show the determination of the Chinese people to change China as quickly as possible from an economically backward country into one that ranks with the foremost in the world. B．These plans show the determination of the Chinese people as quickly as possible to change China from an economically backward country into one that ranks with the foremost in the world. C．These plans show the determination of the Chinese people to change as quickly as possible China from an economically backward country into one that ranks with the foremost in the world. D．These plans show the determination of the Chinese people to change China from an economically backward country into one that ranks as quickly as possible with the foremost in the world. 7．仅去年一年这个工厂的工程师和技术员就开发了不少新产品。 A．Lonely last year the engineers and technicians in the factory developed quite an amount of new products. B．Last year alone the engineers and technicians in the factory developed quite a number of new products. C．Last year alone the engineers and technicians in the factory developed quite an amount of new products. D．Lonely last year the engineers and technicians in the factory developed quite a number of new products. 8．直到在法庭受到审讯时，他才明白了事情的真相。
fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河 Industrial Revolution 工业革命 dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的 cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业 Department of Agriculture 农业部门 the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失 Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候 surveyor general 测量总监 sovereign nation 主权国家 aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户 economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场 foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机
英语自考本科翻译重点词汇
fellow countrymen 同胞militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河 Industrial Revolution 工业革命 dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的 cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业 Department of Agriculture 农业部门 the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失 Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候 surveyor general 测量总监 sovereign nation 主权国家 aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户 economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场 foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量
2012 4月 II. Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 1 point each) A. Translate the following words and phrases into Chinese. Write down your translation on your Answer Sheet. 16. gamma rays 伽马射线17. the New Testament新约 18. ecologist 生态学家19. entrepreneurial spirit进取精神 20. court of appeals上诉法院21. Royal Society皇家学会 22. a letter of patent 一个专利证书23. consecutive interpretation交替传译 24. instrument of ratification批准文书25. the six-party talks六方会谈 B. Translate the following words and phrases into English. Write down your translation on your Answer Sheet. 26.诺贝尔奖获得者Nobel laureates 27.福利基金Welfare fund 28.国际经济合作International Economic Cooperation29.珠江三角洲Zhujiang Delta 30.北洋军阀政府The Northern Warlord government 31.民族团结National unity 32.金融服务业The financial services industry 33.大陆架Continental shelf 34.世界文化遗产World Cultural Heritage 35.联合国教科文组织United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization 简称UNESCO 2011 7月 II.Words and phrases translation（20 points，1 point for each） A.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese. 16.a slender man一个身材瘦长的人 17.country-wide trade全国贸易 18.the Ethiopian highlands埃塞俄比亚高原 19.economic policy经济政策 20.great-grandmother(外)曾祖母 21.open sea公海 22.part-time river季节性河流 23.mineral oil矿物油 24.environmental law环境法 25.welcoming banquet欢迎宴会 B.Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English. 26.逃学Play truant 27.军阀政府The warlord government 28.九龙壁The nine dragon wall 29.基本方针Basic principle
1（in）ability to：（没）有…的能力 （in）capacity to：（没）有…的能力 a/an：art.一个 a great deal：大量，许多 a great many：很多 a variety of：种种；若干不同的 ability：n.能力，能耐 ability to do：做…的能力 able：a.有才能的，能够的 abolish：vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消 about：prep.关于 above：prep.在…之上 above all：首先，首要 abroad：ad.到国外；在国外 absent：a.缺席，不在 absolute：a.绝对的，完全的 absolutely：ad.完全地，绝对地；肯定地 abstract：a.抽象的n.摘要，梗概vt.提取；摘录要点 absurd a.荒谬的 absurdity：n.荒谬 abuse：vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱 academic：a.学院的，学会的；学术的 accent：n.重音；口音 acceptable：a.可以接受的 access：n.通道，入口；接近（或进入）的机会 accessible：a.易接近的；易受影响的（to）；可理解的 accident：n.意外；偶然事故 accompany：vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随，一起发生；伴奏 accomplish：vt.完成（任务等） accomplishment：n.完成；成就；[pl.]造诣，技能 accordance：n.一致，和谐；符合 according：ad.（与to构成介词）按照，根据 accordingly：ad.相应地 according to：根据… account：n.叙述，说明；帐户vi.说明（原因等） accountability：n.有解释义务；负有责任 accumulate vt.积累，积聚 accuracy：n.准确（性），精确（性） accurate：a.准确的，精确的 accurately：ad.准确的，精确地 ache：vi/n.疼痛 achieve：vt.完成 achievement：n.完成，达到；成就，成绩 achive：vt.完成，实现，达到，得到 acid：n.酸，酸性物质 a.酸的 acknowledge：vt.承认；表示感谢 acquaintance：n.认识，了解；相识的人， 熟人 acquire：vt.获得，得到 acronym：n.首字母缩略词 across：ad.交叉，横过 act：n. 行为，举动 act as：（林市）担任，充当，起…作用 act on：遵照…行为，奉行；作用于，影 响 act out：将…表演出来，（用行动）表示 出来 action：n.行动；作用（on） activate：vt.使活动，使起作用 active：a.活动的；活跃的 activity：n.活动，活跃；行动 actor：n.男演员 actual：a.实际的；真实的 AD：（或A.D.）（=Anno Domini）[拉]公 adapt：vt.使适应，使适合；改编vi.适应 （to） adapt……to：使…适应… add：v.增加 add up to：总和是，[口]总起来意味着 addition：n.加，加法；附加物 additional：a.附加的，追加的；另外的 address：n.地址，住址 adequate：a.充足的，充分的；胜任的 adjective：n.形容词 adjust：vt.调整，调节；校准 adjustment：n.调整 administration：n.管理，经营；行政，行 政机关 admire：vt.钦佩，赞美，赞赏 admit：vt.承认，供认；准许…进入，准 许…加入 admission：承认，供认；准许进入，准 许加入 adolescent：n.青少年a.青春期的；青少 年的 adopt：vt.采取，采用；正式通过；收养 advance：vi.前进，取得进展n.前进，进 展；预付 advanced：a.高等的 advantage：n.优点，优越；好处 advantageous：a.有利的，有助的 adventure：n.冒险，奇遇 adversely：ad.相反地；不利地，有害地 advertise：vt./vi.为…做广告；登广告 advertisement：n.（简写为ad）广告 advice：n.劝告 advise：vt.忠告，劝告 affair：n.事情，事件 affect：vt.影响，打动） afflict：vt.使苦恼，折磨 afraid：a.害怕的 Africa：n.非洲 African：n.非洲的 after：prep.在…后 after all：毕竟；终究 afternoon：n.下午 afterward：ad.然后 again：ad.又 against：prep.反抗 age：n.年龄 aged：a.年老的，老的 agent：n.代理人，代理商；起作用的人或 物 aggression：n.侵犯，侵略 aggressive：a.侵略的，好斗的；有进取心 的 aggressiveness：n.侵犯，侵略；进取精神 ago：ad.以前d agree：vi.同意 agreement：n.同意 agricultural：a.农业的 2 ahead：在…前 ahead of：在…前 aid：vt.帮助 aim：n.目标 aim for：瞄准；以…为目标 air：n.空气 airplane：n.飞机 Alabama：阿拉巴马（美国州名） alarm：n.警报；惊恐vt.向…报警；打扰 alarming：a.惊人的，吓人的 文案大全
全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试 英语翻译试题 课程代码:00087 I. Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best translation of the original statement in terms of meaning and expressiveness. (Please write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.) 1. A nation's greatest wealth is the industry of its people. A.一个国家最大的财富就是民族工业。 B.一个国家最大的财富就是人民的勤劳。 C.一个民族最大的财富就是人民的工业。 D.一个民族最大的财富就是民众的兴旺。 2. Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. A.科学家们确实知道煤是怎样形成的，但要是问他们石油是怎样形成的，他们似乎就不那么有把握了。 B.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油的形成时，他们好像没有那么确信。 C.科学家们对煤的形成非常有信心，但是当被问到石油是怎样形成的，似乎就不那么确信了。 D.科学家们确实知道煤的形成，但要是问他们石油的形成时，似乎就不那么有把握了。 3. I wasn't their enemy, in fact or in feeling. I was their ally. A.在事实上或感情上，我不是他们的敌人。我是他们的盟友。 B.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或感情上。我是他们的盟友。 C.我不是他们的敌人，在事实上或者在感情上，而是他们的盟友。
全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试 英语翻译试题 课程代码：00087 (请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上) 一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分） （一）本部分共有10小题，在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个在意义和表达方面与原文最接近，选择最佳译文。错选、多选或未选均无分。（20分） 1. Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan. A. 古埃及的坟墓和寺庙跟随着尼罗河一直到苏丹。 B. 古埃及的坟墓和寺庙很好地跟随着尼罗河，然后进入苏丹。 C. 尼罗河沿岸直到苏丹境内很远的地方，到处可以见到古埃及的坟墓和寺庙。 D. 从尼罗河到苏丹，有许多古埃及的坟墓和寺庙。 2. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle. A. 愤怒和痛苦接连几个星期折磨着我，一种深深的无力战胜了这种激烈的斗争。 B. 几个星期以来，我又气又恨，感到非常痛苦，这种感情上的激烈斗争过去之后，我感到浑身无力。 C. 愤怒和辛酸折磨着我，已经有好几个星期了，经过激烈的挣扎，我感到浑身无力。 D. 我又气又痛苦，接连几个星期都这样。这种激烈的挣扎把我折磨得一点力气都没有。 3. It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned. A. 这是一个老妇女，虽然受时间的折磨显得有些憔悴，仍然个子高挑，身材匀称，当他停下转身时，目光落在她身上。 B. 他站住，转过身，定睛一看，是个年迈的妇女，她虽然受时间的煎熬显得有些憔悴，仍然身材高挑，一副好模样。 C. 他站住，转过身，定睛一看，是一个虽然受时间的折磨显得有些憔悴，仍然身材高挑，一副好模样的年迈的妇女。 D. 这是一个个子高挑，身材匀称的老妇女，但受时间的折磨显得有些憔悴，当他停下转身时，他看到了她。 4. I remember my childhood names for grasses and secret flowers. A. 我记得儿时的名字、小草和秘密的小花。 B. 我记得在我儿时，我的名字是以小草和隐藏的小花命名的。 C. 我记得儿时给各种小草和隐蔽的小花取的名字。 D. 我记得童年时给各种小草起的名字和一些隐蔽的小花。 5. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land. 1
2006年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语翻译试卷 本试卷共7页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 I. Multiple Choice Questions (30 points, 2 points for each) A. Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. A．正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛并不是昆虫，甚至和昆虫一点关系都没有。 B．蜘蛛并不像许多人认为的那样是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。 C．正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛就是昆虫，和昆虫密不可分。 D．蜘蛛正像许多人认为的那样不是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。 2. The door opens, and who should enter but the very man we were talking of. A．门开了，谁想到进来的正是我们刚才谈论的人。 B．门开了，除了那个我们正在谈论的人，谁应该进来? C．门开了，谁还能进来，不就是那个我们刚才还在谈论的人嘛。 D．门开了，果然是我们刚才谈论的^．进来了。 3. It was quite a few years before Mark Twain finally finished his last novel. A．在马克·吐温完成最后一部小说之前，已经是好几年了。 B．在马克·吐温完成最后一部小说之前，又是好几年了。 C．过了好几年，马克·吐温才终于完成最后一部小说。 D．马克·吐温完成了最后一部小说时，又过了好几年。 4. While we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try' to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it. A．当我们无法弥合我们之间的鸿沟时，我们可以搭一座桥，以便越过它进行会谈。 B．在我们不能弥合双方之问的鸿沟时，我们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈。 C．虽然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。?D．虽然我们可以修一座桥，为的是能够进行会谈，但我们却无法弥合双方之间的鸿沟。 5. There is no one of us but wishes to go swimming in the lake. A．我们没有人愿意去湖里游泳。B．我们只有一个人想去湖里游泳。 C．我们并非人人都愿意去湖里游泳。D．我们每一个人都想去湖里游泳。 6．中国现有宜农荒地3500万公顷，其中可开垦为耕地的约有1470万公顷。 A. China now has 35 million hectares of wasteland which are suitable for farming of this, about 14.7 million hectares can be reclaimed. B. China now has 35 million acres of wasteland which are suitable for farming, of this about 14.7 million acres can be reclaimed. C. China now has 35 million acres of wasteland which are suitable for farming. Of this, about 14.7 million acres can be reclaimed. D. China now has 35 million hectares of wasteland which are suitable for farming. Of this, about 14.7 million hectares can be reclaimed. 7．在旧社会，我们评剧演员常常挣钱不够吃饭，艺人们大都是拉家带口，生活困难。 A. In the old society, pingju performers seldom made enough to live on, and as most were saddled with big families, their life was hard. B. In the old society, pingju performers couldn't earn enough money to live on. Most of them were saddled with big families, their life was hard. C. In the old society, pingju performers seldom made enough money to eat. Most of them were saddled with big families, and their life was hard. D , In the old society, pingju performers couldn't earn enough money to eat, as most were saddled with big families, their life was hard. 8．我第一次听她在晚会上唱歌，她的歌声就深深她打动了我。