新视野大学英语第三版翻译
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新视野大学英语第三版第四册课文及翻译在上流社会,对环境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反对整容一样,是一种不可或缺的态度。
然而,既然从泰德?特纳到乔治?W.H.布什,每个人都声称自己热爱地球母亲,那么,在由议员、选民之类的人以环境名义而提出的众多的相互矛盾的提案、规章和法规中,我们又该如何做出选择呢?显而易见,并不是每一项冠以环境保护名义的事情都值得去做。
我们怎样才能分离出最佳选择,并且把我们各自不同的兴趣统一在同一个合理的政策当中呢?有一种简便的方法。
首先要区分什么是环境奢侈品,什么是环境必需品。
奢侈品是指那些无需人类付出代价就能拥有的给人美好感受的东西。
必需品则是指那些无论付出什么代价,都一定要去拥有的东西。
这一区分原则可以被称为理性环保主义的至高原则。
它规定,对那些直接威胁人类健康与安全的生态变化采取应对措施是环境保护的必需品,而其他则都属于奢侈品。
例如,保护大气层,阻止臭氧损耗及控制温室效应,是环境保护的必需品。
近来,科学家报告说臭氧层遭受破坏的程度远比我们先前认为的要严重得多。
臭氧损耗不仅与皮肤癌及眼疾有关,而且它还会破坏海洋生态。
而海洋生态是食物链的起点,人类则位于该食物链的顶端。
温室效应所可能引发的热效应是非常具有毁灭性的:冰川融化、海岸线被淹没、气候遭受破坏、平原干涸,最终食物消失殆尽。
美国中西部地区的粮食供养着全世界。
随着全球气候的变化,我们难道准备看到衣阿华州变成新墨西哥州的沙漠气候,而西伯利亚变成衣阿华州的温和气候吗?Ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect are human disasters, and they are urgent because they directly threaten humanity and are not easily reversible. A sane environmentalism, the only kind of environmentalism that will strike a chord with the general public, begins by openly declaring that nature is here to serve human beings. A sane environmentalism is entirelya human focused regime: It calls upon humanity to preserve nature, but merely within the parameters of self-survival.当然,这种以人类为中心的主张与当下盛行的环保主义是格格不入的,后者已经沉溺于对地球的公然崇拜。
新视野大学英语第三版第二册读写课文翻译Unit 1 Text A一堂难忘的英语课1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长,那么我儿子也许是对的。
对他而言,我是一个乏味的怪物:一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲,一个还沉湎于语法规则的人,对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。
2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时,才开始对这个问题认真起来的。
这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。
我满怀着诚挚期待问她:“欧洲之行如何?”3 她点了三四下头,绞尽脑汁,苦苦寻找恰当的词语,然后惊呼:“真是,哇!”4 没了。
所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中!我的学生以“哇!”来表示她的惊叹,我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。
5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题,有许多不同的故事。
学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同,或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。
由于这些知识缺陷,他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责,因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。
6 学生并不笨,他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。
举例来说,杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary(静止处),虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery(文具用品)并没有被钉在那儿。
朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。
实际上,他们应该说They've just eaten。
因此,批评学生不合乎情理。
7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。
学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。
可相反,学校只教零星的语法,高级词汇更是少之又少。
还有就是,学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识,因为他们过去也没接触过。
学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通,可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。
8 因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味,所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重技巧地进行。
Unit 1苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家,被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。
他是一个谜一般的人物,人们主要通过后期的一些古典作家的叙述,尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。
苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。
他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法,即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。
该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。
他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。
他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。
苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。
他在他那个时代已威名远扬。
虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系,未曾设立什么学派,也未曾创立什么宗派,但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。
Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect.孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家,是儒家学派(Confucianism)的创始人,被尊称为古代的圣人(sage)。
目录Reading Passage Translation (1)Understanding The Text (8)BankedCloze (12)视听说 (13)Skimming and Scanning (Multiple Choice) (14)Reading Comprehension (Multiple Choice) (24)U1A文翻译P3、U1BankedCloze P12U2A文翻译P33、U2UnderstandingTheText P39、U3A文翻译P63、U3UnderstandingTheText P70、U3BankedCloze P73U4A文翻译P93、U4UnderstandingTheText P99、U5A文翻译P123、U5UnderstandingTheTextP129、U5BankedClozeP132U6A 文翻译 P151、U6UnderstandingTheTextP157、U6BankedClozeP160 Reading Passage TranslationUnit1TextA P3永不言弃1.英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士,小时候在哈罗公学上学。
当时他可不是个好学生,要不是出身名门,他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。
谢天谢地,他总算从哈罗毕业了。
在那里犯下的错误并没影响到他上大学。
后来,他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出表现当选英国首相。
他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气,为他赢得了美名。
他非凡的决心,不仅激励了整个民族,还鼓舞了全世界。
2.在他首相任期即将结束时,他应邀前往母校哈罗公学,为满怀报国之志的同学们作演讲。
校长说:“年轻的先生们,当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会来为你们演讲,他提出的任何中肯的建议,你们都要听从。
”那个激动人心的日子终于到了。
温斯顿爵士站了起来——他只有5英尺5英寸高,体重却有107 公斤。
你想做工作者还是劳役者?1一个人要想真正快乐,必须觉得自己既自由又重要。
如果觉得自己是受社会逼迫而做自己不喜欢的工作,或者自己喜欢的工作被认为没价值或不重要而遭社会忽视,那他绝不会快乐。
在一个奴隶制度严格说来已经被废除的社会里,工作的社会含义、工作的价值和薪水,已经把许多劳役者降格为现代奴隶——“薪奴”。
2如果人们的工作对自己有负面的影响,但为了遵从社会的期望或者挣钱养家糊口而被迫必须继续工作,那么他们就被认为是劳役者。
劳役的对立面是玩乐。
当我们玩游戏时,我们很享受正在做的事情,但这仅仅是个人娱乐。
社会对我们何时玩乐或者是否玩乐并不关心。
3处于劳役和玩乐之间的就是工作。
如果人们的个人兴趣跟社会付酬让他们做的工作相吻合,他们就被称为工作者。
社会上看来一定是苦工的事情对个人来说却是自在的玩乐活动。
一份活到底应定为工作还是劳役并不取决于其本身,而是承担这份活的个人感受。
比如,二者的区别与是体力活还是脑力活或尊严的高低没有关联。
温室里满身尘土的园丁可能是工作者,而衣冠楚楚的市长则可能是一个不开心的劳役者!4人们对自己工作的态度决定了一切。
对工作者而言,闲暇只是为了更有效地工作而需要放松休息的时间。
因此,工作者更倾向于投入更多的时间工作,而花在休闲上的时间并非很多,而是很少。
而对劳役者而言,休闲意味着从被迫状态中得到自主。
因此,他们自然会想,花在劳作上的时间越少,自在玩乐的时间越多,则越好。
5除了花在闲暇上的时间不同,工作者和劳役者的区别还在于他们从工作中获得的个人满足感不同。
工作者喜欢自己的工作,感觉更快乐,更轻松,通常对自己的生活更满意。
他们工作起来也会更勤奋,更精细,因为他们对自己的工作已经产生了一种自豪感。
相反,由于劳役者的唯一动力是挣生活费,他们觉得每天花在苦差上的时间是一种浪费,不会让自己快乐。
他们不把每天的24小时都当作愉快有用的时光,认为只有花在休闲娱乐上的时间才是有意义的。
不幸的是,劳役者太常见了,只有一小部分人能有幸成为工作者。
第一单元永不放弃1 英国的伟大首相温斯顿丘吉尔爵士,小时候在哈罗公学上学。
当时他可不是个好学生,要不是出身名门,他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。
谢天谢地,他总算从哈罗毕业了,在那里犯下的错误并没有影响到他上大学。
后来,他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出变现当选为英国首相。
他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气,为他赢得了美名。
他非凡的决心,不仅激励了整个民族,还鼓舞了全世界。
2在他首相任期即将结束时,他应邀前往母校哈罗公学,为满怀报国之志的同学们做演讲。
校长说;校长说:“年轻的先生们,当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会你们演讲,他提出的任何中肯的建议,你们都要听从。
”那个激动人心的日子终于到了。
温斯顿伯爵站了起来——他只有5英尺5英寸高,体重却有107公斤。
他做了言简意赅的讲话,永不放弃,永不,永不,永不,永不!“3 个人经历、教育机会、个人困境,这些都不能阻挡一个全力以赴追求成功的、有着坚强意志的人。
任务再苦,准备再长,难度再大,都不能让他放弃自己的追求。
就以本时代最有学问的两位科学家——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和托马斯·.爱迪生为例,他们都曾面临巨大的障碍和极端的批评,都曾被说成“不开窍”,被老师当成笨蛋,而放弃。
托马斯爱迪生还曾逃学,老师因为嫌他问的问题太多而经常鞭打他。
爱因斯坦一直到将近9岁才能流利的说话,学习成绩太差,有些人认为他都已经学不好了。
然而,这两个男孩的父母都相信他们,他们坚持不懈的每天和儿子一起努力,孩子们也了解到,要想成功就绝不要怕付出长期而艰辛的努力。
最终,爱因斯坦和爱迪生都摆脱了童年的困扰,进而做出了造福当今全世界的伟大发现。
4 再如亚伯拉罕·林肯这个英雄的典范,他一生面临了无数艰辛,失败和接二连三的不幸。
他的出身和经历真是一点也算不上光鲜,他在一个非常贫困的家庭长大,只受过一年正规教育,轻伤两度失败初恋爱人的突然离世也使他精神崩溃,还在八次政治选举中落马。
Unit 1Text A Never, ever give up!永不言弃!1 As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide.英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士,小时候在哈罗公学上学。
当时他可不是个好学生,要不是出身名门,他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。
谢天谢地,他总算从哈罗毕业了,在那里犯下的错误并没影响到他上大学。
An impressive English lesson一堂难忘的英语课1.If I am the only parent who still corrects his child's English, then perhaps my sonis right.To him, I am atedious oddity: a father he is obliged to listen to and a man absorbed in the rules of grammar, which my son seems allergic to.1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长,那么我儿子也许是对的。
对他而言,我是一个乏味的怪物:一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲,一个还沉湎于语法规则的人,对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。
2.I think I got serious about this only recently when I ran into one of my formerstudents, fresh from anexcursion to Europe."How was it?" I asked, full ofearnest anticipation.2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时,才开始对这个问题认真起来的。
这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。
我满怀着诚挚期待问她:“欧洲之行如何?”3.She nodded three or four times, searched the heavens for the right words, andthen exclaimed, "It was, like, whoa!"3 她点了三四下头,绞尽脑汁,苦苦寻找恰当的词语,然后惊呼:“真是,哇!”4.And that was it. The civilization of Greece and the glory ofRoman architecture were captured in a condensed non-statement. My student's "whoa!" was exceeded only by my head-shaking distress.4 没了。
NNCE Book3课后翻译参考答案Unit1汉译英原文:如今,很多年轻人不再选择" 稳定" 的工作,他们更愿意自主创业,依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。
青年创业(young entrepreneurship)是未来国家经济活力的来源,创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活,从长远来看,对于国家更是一件好事,创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量。
尤其是在当前,国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新,在政策上给予中小企业支持,这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。
Keys:Nowadays, many young people no longer choose "stable" jobs.they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people's life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China's economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.Unit 2汉译英原文:实现中华民族伟大复兴(rejuvenation )是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想,我们称之为“中国梦”,其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。
新视野大学英语〔第三版〕第二册课后翻译答案及原文Unit 1原文:English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.翻译:人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言,经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。
BOOK TWOUnit 5丝绸之路(Silk Road)是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆(Eurasia)的交通线路,由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主,故称"丝绸之路"。
作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁,丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展,对世界文明进程有着深远影响。
当前,在新的历史条件下,我国提出了"一带一路"(One Belt, One Road)(即"丝绸之路经济带"和"21世纪海上丝绸之路")的战略构想。
"一带一路"以合作共赢为核心,强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。
这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。
The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name "the Silk Road". As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of "One Belt, One Road" (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of "One Belt, One Road" focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.Unit 6国民幸福指数(National Happiness Index,NHI)是衡量人们幸福感的一种指数,也是衡量一个国家或地区经济发展、居民生活与幸福水平的指标工具。
随着中国经济的高速增长,中国政府越来越重视人民群众生活质量和幸福指数的提升。
政府注重改善民生,努力改善人民群众的经济状况,满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需求。
当前,中国政府提倡释放改革红利,让人民群众得到更多实惠。
所有这些都将有效促进我国国民幸福指数不断提升。
National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measures how happy people are. It is also a tool that measures the levels of economic development and people's livelihood and happiness in a country or region. With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attention to people's living quality and the increase of happiness index. The government stresses improvement of its people's livelihood, striving to improve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs. Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people. All these measures will combine to effectively increase the NHI of our people.Unit7中国是丝绸的故乡,因而有很多与丝绸相关的艺术,刺绣(embroidery)就是其中的一种。
刺绣是中国民间传统手工艺之一,至少有两、三千年的历史。
从事刺绣的多为女子,因此刺绣又被称为"女红"(women's needlework)。
刺绣在中国受到了人们广泛的喜爱。
刺绣可用来装饰衣物,如在衣服、被子、枕套(pillowcase)等物品上绣上美丽的图案,也可制作成特别的饰品(ornament)。
中国有四大名绣: 苏州的苏绣、广东的粤绣、湖南的湘绣以及四川的蜀绣。
各种绣法不仅风格有差异,主题也各有不同。
在这其中,苏州的苏绣最负盛名。
China is home to silk, thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery. Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts. Since most embroiderers are women, it's also called "women's needlework". Embroidery has been much-loved by the Chinese people. It can be used to beautify clothing and things. For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc. can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament. There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou, Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme. Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputationUnit8新中国成立以来,特别是改革开放以来,中国政府在生态环境(eco-environmental) 保护方面做出了大量努力,取得了有效进展。
政府采取了一系列保护和改善生态环境的重大举措,譬如积极推进重点生态工程,加强生态系统建设(ecosystem) 及生物多样性保护(biodiversity conservation),建立了一批自然保护区(nature reservation)、生态示范区(ecological demonstration zones)、风景名胜区和森林公园。
加强生态环境的保护和建设,实现人与自然和谐相处,是构建社会主义和谐社会(harmonious society)的重要目标之一。
环境保护和生态文明建设为中国经济、社会的可持续发展提供了坚实的基础。
Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts in eco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress. The government has taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancing ecosystem construction and biodiversity conservation, establishing a number of nature reservations, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks. One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecological protection and construction and to achieve harmony between man and nature. Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of China's economy and society.BOOK 3Unit 1如今,很多年轻人不再选择"稳定"的工作,他们更愿意自主创业,依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。