考博英语-试卷279
(总分：130.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)
1.The law on drinking and driving is______stated.（分数：
2.00）
A.extravagantly
B.empirically
C.exceptionally
D.explicitly
2.We shall probably never be able to______ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.（分数：2.00）
A.assert
B.impart
C.ascertain
D.notify
3.Beth worked hard to______in with the locals during her visit.（分数：2.00）
A.encounter
B.blend
C.merge
D.adapt
4.I think Kim would be great for the job. Her work record is______.（分数：2.00）
A.impeccable
B.enriched
C.rudimentary
D.tarnished
5.The company that Joan works for is______with an automotive company, so she can get a discount on a new car.（分数：2.00）
A.correlated
B.parallel
C.affiliated
D.accounted
6.Vacation policies continue to be a source of______between management and the workers.（分数：
2.00）
A.disturbance
B.resistance
C.contraction
D.friction
7.Current data suggest that, although______ states between fear and aggression exist, fear and aggression are as distinct physiologically as they are psychologically.（分数：2.00）
A.simultaneous
B.exceptional
C.partial
D.transitional
8.The government______the use of seat belts in all cars.（分数：2.00）
A.prevails
B.provokes
C.mediates
D.mandates
9.The river was______with industrial waste from the nearby factory.（分数：2.00）
A.irradiated
B.contaminated
C.corrupted
D.fragmented
10.Two-thirds of the U. S. basketball players are black, and the number would be greater______the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of balance.（分数：2.00）
A.was it not because of
B.had it not been for
C.were it not for
D.would it not have been for
11.No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything______going on in the world.（分数：2.00）
A.it is
B.there is
C.as is
D.what is
12.If there is the need to compete in a crowd, to battle______the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected.（分数：2.00）
A.on
B.for
C.against
D.with
13.Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees, ______ occupations for which technical training is necessary.（分数：2.00）
A.so too there are
B.so also there are
C.so there are too
D.so too are there
14.It is a myth that the law permits the Food and Drug Administration to ignore requirements for______drugs while brand-name drugs still must meet these rigid tests.（分数：2.00）
A.specific
B.generic
C.intricate
D.acrid
15.The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial-wars that______Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one another.（分数：2.00）
A.pitted
B.drove
C.kept
D.embarked
16.The private life of having each individual make his or her own choice of beliefs and interest______ without the overarching public world of the state, which sustains a structure of law appropriate to a self-determining association.（分数：2.00）
A.is not possible
B.would not be possible
C.will not be possible
D.by which
17.From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of politics______in turn evolved the politics of our modern world.（分数：2.00）
A.of which
B.from which
C.on which
D.by which
18.The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man______prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century.（分数：2.00）
A.was
B.was called
C.calling
D.being
19.Grant was one of a body of men who were self-reliant______, who cared hardly anything for the past but had a sharp eye for the future.（分数：2.00）
A.on themselves
B.on not making a fault
C.to a fault
D.to remain ahead
20.Huntington and many of its competitors are working to make remedial instruction a commodity as______and accessible as frozen yogurt.（分数：2.00）
A.ubiquitous
B.rational
C.necessary
D.credible
21.The scheme for rebuilding the city center______, owing to the refusal of a council to sanction the expenditure of the money it would have required.（分数：2.00）
A.fell down
B.fell off
C.fell out
D.fell flat
22.If they think they are going to win over us by obstinately______and refusing to make the slightest concession, they are mistaken.（分数：2.00）
A.holding out
B.holding to
C.holding over
D.holding up
23.The possibility that the explosion was caused by sabotage cannot be______.（分数：2.00）
A.broken out
B.cancelled out
C.ruled out
D.wiped out
24.The ex-president had been______in the country to refresh his mind before he passed away.（分数：2.00）
A.given to walking
B.given a walk
C.given for a walk
D.giving a walk
25.He did not relish appealing amongst his friends and______of their criticism or censure.（分数：2.00）
A.running short
B.running out
C.running the gauntlet
D.running ahead
二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)
It was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York. First, part of a building on West 140th Street, in Harlem, fell down. Beds tumbled through the air, people slid out of their apartments and onto the ground, three people died, and the Red Cross was there, helping shocked residents find temporary shelter, and food and clothing. Then it was back downtown for that evening's big fund-raiser, the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance, at the Pierre. "That's why I have bad hair tonight," Said Christopher Peake, a Red Cross spokesman who had spent much of the day at the Harlem scene, in the drizzling rain. He was now in a tuxedo, and actually his hair didn't look so bad, framed by a centerpiece of tulips and jonquils, and perhaps improved by subdued lighting from eight crystal chandeliers. Definitely not having a bad-hair night was Elizabeth Dole, the wife of Senator Robert Dole and the president of the American Red Cross. President Dole has chestnut-colored Republican hair, which was softly coifed, and she was wearing a fitted burgundy velvet evening suit("Someone made it for me! I love velvet!" she exclaimed, in her enthusiastic, Northern Carolina hostess voice)and sparkling drop earrings. Of course, she hadn't been standing in the rain in Harlem; she had just flown up on the three-o'clock shuttle from Washington. Dole is extremely pretty, with round green eyes and a full mouth and a direct personality. She tilts her head attentively when she listens. She was the recipient of the evening's award; previous award winners have included Alice Tully, Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, ...and, most recently, Brooke Astor. Not exactly a sequence at the end of which you would expect to find Elizabeth Dole, but award givers are famous for having political instincts as well as philanthropic ones. Surrounded by the deep-blue swags and golden draperies of the ballroom were more than thirty-five dinner tables set with groupings of candles and floral centerpieces and Royal Doulton china, American Express was there. So were Bristol-Myers Squibb; Coopers & Lybrand; the New York Life; ...and Price Waterhouse. The actress Arlene Dahl, with her rather red hair and her bearded husband, presided over one table. Otherwise, it was a typical, faceless, captain-of-industry fund raiser(No models! No stars!), of which there seems to be at least one every night in New York City. It was not a society night, but still the evening raised four hundred and thirty thousand dollars.（分数：10.00）
(1).From what we read we can infer that "it was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York" means its staff______.（分数：2.00）
A.deal with the fall of houses in the city every day
B.are busy helping people who suffer from disasters every day
C.work during the day and to have banquet in the evening every day
D.go to Harlem, the poorest district of New York, every day and help people there
(2).The fund-raiser mentioned in the passage refers to______.（分数：2.00）
A.Robert Dole
B.Elizabeth Dole
C.The Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance
D.all the business companies attending the Dinner Dance
(3).Christopher Peake's hair didn't look so bad because______.（分数：2.00）
A.he was wearing a handsome tuxedo
B.he was wearing tulips on his suit
C.he was seen among flowers
D.he was sitting near flowers and in very soft light
(4).Elizabeth Dole was______.（分数：2.00）
A.the president of the American Red Cross and acted at the Dinner as a North Carolina hostess
B.a republican and wife of the president of the American Red Cross
C.the president of the American Red Cross and its main representative at the Annual Dinner Dance
D.born in North Carolina, became an air-hostess and later married Senator Robert Dole
(5).The presence of an actress at the Dinner made the fund raising______.（分数：2.00）
A.less impersonal
B.a typical fund-raising event
C.less personal
D.more business-like
For laymen ethnology is probably the most interesting of the biological sciences for the very reason that it concerns animals in their normal activities and therefore, if we wish, we can assess the possible dangers and advantages in our own behavioral roots. Ethnology also is interesting methodologically because it combines in new ways very scrupulous field observations with experimentations in laboratories. The field workers have had some handicaps in winning respect for themselves. For a long time they were considered as little better than amateur animal-watchers —certainly not scientists, since their facts were not gained by experimental procedures: they could not conform to the hard-and-fast rule that a problem set up and solved by one scientist must be tested by other scientists, under identical conditions and reaching identical results. Of course many situations in the lives of animals simply cannot be rehearsed and controlled in this way. The fall flocking of wild free birds can't be, or the homing of animals over long distances, or even details of spontaneous family relationships . Since these never can be reproduced in a laboratory, are they then not worth knowing about? The ethnologists who choose field work have got themselves out of this impasse by greatly refining the techniques of observing. At the start of a project all the animals to be studied are live-trapped, marked individually, and released. Motion pictures, often in color, provide permanent records of their subsequent activities. Recording of the animals' voices by electrical sound equipment is considered essential, and the most meticulous notes are kept of all that occurs. With this material other biologists, far from the scene, later can verify the reports. Moreover, two field observers often go out together, checking each other's observations right there in the field. Ethnology, the word, is derived from the Greek ethos, meaning the characteristic traits or features which distinguish a group—any particular group of people or, in biology, a group of animals such as a species. Ethnologists have the intention of studying " the whole sequence of acts which constitute an animal's behavior. " In abridged dictionaries ethnology is sometimes defined simply as "the objective study of animal behavior," and ethnologists do emphasize their wish to eliminate myths.（分数：10.00）
(1).In the first sentence, the word "laymen" means______.（分数：2.00）
A.people who stand aside
B.people who are not trained as biologists
C.people who are amateur biologists
D.people who love animals
(2).According to the passage, ethnology is______.（分数：2.00）
A.a new branch of biology
B.an old Greek science
C.a pseudo-science
D.a science for amateurs
(3)."The field workers have handicaps in winning respect for themselves. " This sentence means______.（分数：2.00）
A.' ethnologists when working in the field are handicapped
B.ethnologists have problems in winning recognition as scientists
C.ethnologists are looked down upon when they work in the field
D.ethnologists meet with lots of difficulties when doing field work
(4).According to the explanation of the scientific rule of experiment in the passage,
"hard-and-fast" means experiment procedures______.（分数：2.00）
A.are difficult and quick to follow
B.must be carried out in a strict and quick way
C.must be followed strictly to avoid false and loose results
D.hard and unreasonable for scientists to observe
(5).The meaning of the underlined words in "the details of spontaneous family relationships " can be expressed as______.（分数：2.00）
A.natural family relationships
B.quickly occurring family relationships
C.animals acting like a natural family
D.animal family behavior that cannot be preplanned or controlled
The single greatest shift in the history of mass-communication technology occurred in the 15th century and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of Notre-Dame de Paris. It was a Cathedral. On all parts of the giant building, statuary and stone representations of every kind, combined with huge widows of stained glass, told the stories of the Bible and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the existence of highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of political power, and in addition, by means of bells in bell towers, told time for the benefit of all of Pairs and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication. Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on your table, and was easily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systematically presented, than even the largest of cathedrals. It was the printed book. Though it provided no bells and could not tell time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable. In the last ten or twenty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shift—this time to a new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting, and cabinet filing is recognized by all. The progress for civilization is undeniable and, plainly, irreversible. Yet, just as the book's triumph over the cathedral divided people into two groups, one of which prospered, while the other lapsed into gloom, the computer's triumph has also divided the human race. You have only to bring a computer into a room to see that some people begin at once to buzz with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct experiments, ooh and ah at the boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful new game. But how difficult it is—how grim and frightful!—for the other people, the defeated class, whose temperament does not naturally respond to computers. The machine whirrs and glows before them and their faces twitch. They may be splendidly educated, as measured by book-reading, yet their instincts are all wrong, and no amount of manual-studying and mouse-clicking will make them right. Computers require a sharply different set of aptitudes, and, if the aptitudes are missing, little can be done, and misery is guaranteed. Is the computer industry aware that computers have divided mankind into two new, previously unknown classes, the computer personalities and the non-computer personalities? Yes, the industry knows this. Vast stuns have been expended in order to adapt the computer to the limitations of
non-computer personalities. Apple's Macintosh, with its zooming animations and pull-down menus and little pictures of life folders and watch faces and trash cans, pointed the way. Such seductions have soothed the apprehensions of a certain number of the computer-averse. This spring, the computer industry's efforts are reaching a culmination of sorts. Microsoft, Bill Gates' giant corporation, is to bring out a program package called Microsoft Bob, designed by Mr. Gates' wife, Melinda French, and intended to render computer technology available even to people who are openly
terrified of computers. Bob's principle is to take the several tasks of operating a computer, rename them in a folksy style, and assign to them the images of an ideal room in ideal home, with furniture and bookshelves, and with chummy cartoon helpers("Friends of Bob")to guide the computer user over the rough spots, and, in that way, simulate an atmosphere that feels nothing like computers.（分数：10.00）
(1).According to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）
A.It is because the Cathedral of Norte-Dame in Paris had many bell-towers and could tell time to people that the writer regards it as an engine of mass communication.
B.From Cathedrals to books to computers the technology of communication has become more convenient, reliable and fast.
C.Every time when a new communication means triumphed over the old, it divided mankind into two groups.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a13684807.html,puter industry has been trying hard to make people accept computers.
(2).The printed book is more progressive than the Cathedral as a communication means, because______.（分数：2.00）
A.it could sit on your table and did no longer tell time
B.it was more reliable and didn't tell the stories of saints and demons
C.it was small, yet contained more information
D.it did not flatter religious and political power
(3).The word "awesome" in the passage means______.（分数：2.00）
A.frightening
B.causing fear and respect
C.amazingly new
D.awful
(4).People who feel miserable with computers are those______.（分数：2.00）
A.who love reading books and writing with a pen or a typewriter
B.who possess the wrong aptitudes of disliking and fearing new things
C.who have not been trained to use computers
D.who are born with a temperament that does not respond to computers
(5).Melinda French designed Microsoft Bob which was to ease the misery of computer users by______.（分数：2.00）
A.making users feel that they are not dealing with machines
B.making the program more convenient and cartoon-like
C.adding home pictures to the program design
D.renaming the computer tasks in a folksy style
Read the following passage carefully and then paraphrase the numbered and underlined
parts.("Paraphrase" means to explain the meaning in your own English.) 【R1】 It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future. History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and omniscience. 【R2】
Self-knowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for the individual . History should forever remind us of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the future are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive. 【R3】A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power . Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to history temper and civilize our use of power. In the meantime,
let a thousand historical flowers bloom. 【R4】History is never a closed book or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation. The great strength of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before. 【R5】 A nation's history must be both the guide and the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens.（分数：10.00）
(1).【R1】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(2).【R2】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(3).【R3】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(4).【R4】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(5).【R5】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
三、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
In Microsoft's latest attempt to reach out to bloggers, the company recently gave away expensive laptops loaded 1its new Windows Vista operating system. But the gifts generated controversy as well as good 2, with some bloggers accusing Microsoft of bribery and their peers 3unethical behavior. Several bloggers reported last week that they had received Acer Ferrari laptops, which can sell 4more than $ 2,200, from Microsoft. A spokeswoman for Microsoft confirmed Friday that the 5had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers 6wrote about technology and other subjects that could be 7by the new operating system, like photography and, oddly, parenting. But while those on Microsoft's mailing list initially greeted the machines with enthusiasm, many 8bloggers soon objected—not because they had been left off the list but, they said, because bloggers are bound by the 9rules as traditional journalists, who should not accept 10gifts from companies they cover.（分数：20.00）
填空项1:__________________
填空项1:__________________
填空项1:__________________
填空项1:__________________
填空项1:__________________
填空项1:__________________
填空项1:__________________
填空项1:__________________
填空项1:__________________
填空项1:__________________
四、Proofreading(总题数：1，分数：18.00)
【M1】 Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $28 billion —a 9. 4 percent jump from 2005. 【M3】There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who fared best. 【M4】Stanford's $ 911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future. 【M5】"There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to invest," said Martin Shell, Stanford's vice president for development. 【M6】"This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends. " 【M7】 Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $ 595 million. 【M8】 National, donations from alumni rose 18. 3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education. 【M9】Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education. 【M10】
Giving from other groups, such as corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts.（分数：18.00）
(1).【M1】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(2).【M2】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(3).【M3】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(4).【M4】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(5).【M5】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(6).【M6】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(7).【M7】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(8).【M8】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
(9).【M9】（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________
五、Writing(总题数：1，分数：2.00)
27.Write a short composition of 250~300 words on the topic given below. Topic: What Is the Most Urgent Issue Facing the World People in the 21st Century? State your reasons.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________