高考基础写作高分技巧
一、合理谋篇布局
基础写作题无论是哪种体裁或形式,都要求正确地梳理文中要点,合理地谋篇布局,即构思短文框架。首先要思考将哪些信息放到同一个句子中,其次是将信息进行合理的排列,确定信息表达的顺序,最后考虑是否需要划分段落等。
范例:[写作内容]：假如你是某英文报社小记者,请根据下列表格内容,写一篇记叙文。
起火地点：我国东北部
时间：2007年4月10日
原因：几名游客在林中野餐
持续时间：一个多星期
参加救援人员：数万名消防队员、士兵和当地群众
伤亡情况：2人死亡，数十人受伤
经济损失：至少2亿元
影响：引起当地政府和中央领导的关注
[写作要求] 只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容,短文标题已给出。
[谋篇构思]
此题要求写一篇关于"火灾"的记叙文,写作时应注意记叙文的写作特点,即短文要包括时间、地点、人物、事件的经过和结果等要素。
另外必须确定时间的立足点。描写火灾的经过时应使用一般过去时,而说明其影响时可使用一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时。
短文内容可以这样构思:第一句可以把"时间、地点、火灾原因"这三个信息综合在一起；第二句交代"参加救援人员"；第三句综合"持续时间、伤亡情况、经济损失"这三方面信息；第四句介绍火灾影响(引起当地政府和中央领导的关注)；第五句可适当发挥,增补一句"应采取措施避免类似事件发生",以使短文的结尾更加自然。
[参考范文]
Forest Fire in the Northeast
(1) On April 10th, 2007, a fire broke out in a forest in the northeast of our country, which was caused by a few tourists who had had a picnic in the forest. (2) Tens of thousands of firefighters, soldiers and local people fought bravely against the fire until it was finally put out. (3) The fire lasted for more than a week, causing a loss of at least 200 million yuan, and more seriously, two people were killed in the fire and tens of people were injured. (4) Not only are the leaders of the central government much concerned about the fire, but also the local government is thinking about the lesson they get from the fire. (5) As a consequence, further safety measures should be surely taken to avoid things like this.
二、选择高级词汇
用词准确、得体是写作的前提,在此基础上使用高级词汇及短语,既可以体现写作者的语言驾驭能力,又有助于获得高分。
1. The woman manager didn’t come to the concert yesterday because she was ill. (一般)
The woman manager’s illness accounted for her absence from the concert yesterday. (高级)
2. Dear sir, I will thank you if you consider my application. (一般)
Dear sir, I’ll appreciate it if you can take my application into consideration. (高级)
3. Many local people are worried about the problem of the river pollution. (一般)
The problem of the river pollution has caused wide public concern in the local place. (高级)
4. Anyway, that is a difficult job for a girl of thirteen. (一般)
Anyway, that is a challenging / demanding job for a girl of thirteen. (高级)
5. After the lecture given by the health expert, you should write a diary in English. (一般)
After the lecture given by the health expert, you are supposed to write a diary in English. (高级) 6. We all think that healthy eating is very important. (一般)
There is no denying that healthy eating is of extreme importance. (高级)
7. We’ll try our best to develop the traditional friendship between the two nations. (一般)
We’ll spare no efforts to promote the traditional friendsh ip between the two nations. (高级)
8. More and more families have bought their own cars in recent years. (一般)
The number of families, which have access to their own cars, has risen sharply in recent years. (高级)
以上例句前后两种表达方式均能准确地表达出相同的意义,但前者用词稍显平常,而后者在表达上让读者耳目一新。
三、巧用复杂句式
复杂句式指能够将多个信息点粘合在一起,形成结构复杂、具有一定长度的句子。在整理和归类信息点的过程中如果能正确地使用结构比较复杂的句子,不仅能够综合地表达信息,还可以使文章的句式变得更加丰富,从而体现出考生较强的书面表达能力和语言驾驭能力。复杂句子主要有三类:并列句、各种复合句、一些特殊语法形式构成的句子,如使用非谓语动词、介词短语、with结构等。
范例:
1. China is a big and great country. It has the largest population in the world. (简单)
China is a big and great country with the largest population in the world. (复杂)
2. We will have a discussion about his travel plan at the meeting that will be held tomorrow. (简) We will have a discussion about his travel plan at the meeting to be held tomorrow. (复杂)
3. The Foreign Minister walked out of the People’s Great Hall and many reporters followed him. (简单)
Followed by many reporters, the Foreign Minster walked out of the People’s Great Hall. (复杂) 4. If the weather permits, we will go on an outing with our foreign teacher this weekend. (简单) Weather permitting, we will go on an outing with our foreign teacher this weekend. (复杂)
5. It disappointed his parents that he didn’t pass the college entrance examinations. (简单)
Th at fact that he didn’t pass the college entrance examinations disappointed his parents. (复杂) 6. I paid $20 for the MP4. It is well worth purchasing. (简单)
The MP4 for which I paid $20 is well worth purchasing. (复杂)
7. To our surprise, the coal miners survived the accident. (简单)
What surprises us is that the coal miners survived the accident. (复杂)
8. Maybe the customs officer doesn’t agree. What should we do? (简单)
Supposing that the customs officer doesn’t agree, what should we do? (复杂)
9. I write this letter. I do hope you will consider my problems and make some improvement. (简单)
I am writing the letter in the hope that you can take these problems into consideration and make some improvement. (复杂)
10. Before we go to have the medical examination in the hospital, we should keep our stomachs empty. When we are in the hospital, we must keep quiet and listen to the doctors and nurses. (简单)
We are not allowed to eat or drink anything before the examination and we must keep quiet and listen to the doctors and nurses when we arrive at the hospital. (复杂)
11. Through English, we can introduce our country to the world. At the same time, we can learn modern science and technology from developed countries. By doing so we can serve our country better. (简单)
If we learn English well, we can not only introduce our motherland to the world but also learn modern science and technology from developed countries to better serve our motherland. (复杂) 12. In the morning, there are two activities in our school. We will first hold a ceremony to welcome your coming and visit our school then. In the afternoon, we will show you around some places of interest in our town. (简单)
Our school will hold a warm ceremony to welcome your coming and then we’ll show you around our school in the morning, but in the afternoon, we’ll take you to visit some places of interest in our town. (复杂)
四、用好高级句型
高级句型指的是倒装句、强调句、it句型、虚拟语气、省略结构、平行结构(语法上相似或相同、意义上相对称的词、词组、句子被as well as, not only ... but also, rather than等连接在一起)等,这些句子不一定很长,但语言穿透力强,表达效果好,可以使文章有声有色。范例: 1. If it is convenient, I’d like to pay a visit to my former English teacher. (一般)
If convenient, I’d like to pay a visit to my former English teacher. (高级)
2. He was impolite to enter the mayor’s office without making an appointment beforehand. (一般) It was imp olite for him to enter the mayor’s office without making an appointment beforehand.
3. I hope to be given some e-d ictionaries, and I don’t want ordinary dictionaries. (一般)
I hope to be given some e-dictionaries rather than some ordinary dictionaries. (高级)
4. Maybe you have been to many parts of the world, but you can not find such a splendid palace anywhere else. (一般)
Maybe you have been to many parts of the world, but nowhere else can you find such a splendid palace. (高级)
5. The ship didn’t sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain. (一般)
But for the efforts of the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board. (高级)
6. She didn’t write me back until a month later, and I just wonder what makes her dislike me so much. (一般)
It wasn’t until a month later that she wrote me back, and I just wonder what it is that makes her dislike me so much. (高级)
五、注重连贯通顺
基础写作要求信息内容的完整性和连贯性,而行文连贯是指运用适当的具有并列、递进、条件、因果等意义的连接词或词组,把有关要点、句子、段落串联成文,避免句子结构的单调重复,做到层次清楚、衔接自然,使句子表意生动,增强整体效果,这是高分作文的共同特点。
常见的表示过渡与衔接的词或词组有:
表示时间:now, then, afterwards, five minutes later, soon, before long, shortly after that, soon after, to this day, just now, just then等。
表示空间:here, there, on one side, on the other side, in front of, at the back of, next to等。
表示顺序、动作过程:to begin with, first, firstly, first of all, second, secondly, at first, at last, next等。
表示转折:but, however, yet, and yet, although, otherwise, in spite of, despite等。
表示结果:thus, therefore, so, as a result, as a consequence, seeing that, luckily, unfortunately, consequently等。
表示强调:above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, after all, without any delay, at least, at most, not ... at all, not a bit, not nearly等。
表示并列:and, also, as well as, and then, together with, along with, not only ... but also, neither ... nor, not ... but, rather than等。
表示递进:besides, what’s more, in addition, even, moreover, what’s worse等。
表示解释和说明:that’s to say, namely, actually, believe it or not, to tell you the truth, according to, for this reason, needless to say等。
表示举例:for example, and so on, such as, to name a few, for instance等。
表示比较、对比:just like, just as, unlike, in the same way, on the contrary, on the one hand ... on the other hand, in contrast to等。
表示总结:finally, in conclusion, in a word, in other words, generally speaking, in short, in the end, in short, as is mentioned above等。
过渡性插入语:I think, I’m afraid, you know, as we all know等。
范例:
1. We can’t go abroad for further study. To begin with, our English is li mited. Secondly, we lack money. (顺序)
2. In conclusion, we should pay more attention to the problem of the security of the community. (结论)
3. Thanks to the firefighters’immediate help, we brought the fire under control in the end. (原因)
4. In contrast to the city life, it is more comfortable to live in the quiet countryside. (对比)
5. In addition to the beautiful scenery, tourists can take part in a variety of activities. (递进)
6. Despite the fact that he was badly injured in the accident, the driver managed to control the bus. (转折)
7. As is known to us all, China is still a developing country in the world though it has been more powerful than before. (插入语)
8. Unlike most of his friends, my colleague doesn’t like to show off in public. (比较)
9. He is not active in joining us in the group discussion; namely, he is not interested in things like that. (解释)
10. The children of the peasant workers need a lot of things, but above all, they need a better education. (强调)
11. There was a very heavy fog this morning. Consequently, many expressways had to be closed for the time being. (结果)
训练一
1、只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；
2、文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准] 句子结构准确, 信息内容完整, 篇章结构连贯
训练二
[写作内容] 你的英语老师要求你在班上用英文向同学们介绍你英语写作的
方法和心得。请根据下表提供的中文提纲，选择相关的信息写一篇发言稿。
[写作要求] 1. 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容； 2.开头与结尾已经给出。
Ladies and gentlemen,
Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.
That’s all. Thank you.
训练三：
【写作内容】
请使用5个规范的英语句子描述你参加的一次以“ Protect Our Earth ”为主题的英语演讲比赛, 短文要包括以下所给的全部信息内容。
【写作要求】只能使用5个句子表达全部内容
【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯
训练四
【写作内容】以No Smoking 为题, 写一篇短文, 内容包括以下要点:
1. 列举抽烟现状(中国抽烟者45%, 多为年轻人, 甚至中学生)
2. 分析原因(乐趣, 提神refresh oneself)
3. 叙述抽烟害处(坏习惯, 有害健康, 浪费金钱, 引起火灾)
4. 劝告人不要抽烟,别学抽烟
【写作要求】
1．只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯
训练一答案：
The People’s Republic of China lies in the east of Asia, facing the Pacific Ocean, and covers a total area of 9600000 square kilometers and five of the world’s 24 times areas. China belongs to continental climate, that is, cold in winter and hot in summer depending on different areas.
China has 56 nationalities with the largest population of 1.3 billion in the world. We are a hard-working and brave people with a civilization of 5000 years. So we hope China will successfully host the 29th Olympic Games on October 8th, 2008, in the capital of Beijing, China.
训练二答案：
Ladies and gentlemen,
Now I would like to tell you how I learn English writing.
Firstly, I often recite good / beautiful English articles, which helps me think in English when I imitate English writing. Secondly, I also read English articles widely so that I can take in as many language materials as possible. Thirdly, in order to express myself correctly / make myself understood, I think that they are important to for us learn about some grammar, listen to the radio and practice speaking English a lot. Fourthly, I keep a diary every day so that I can learn by writing. Besides / In addition, I often refer to others’ articles to know what I need and what I can learn from others. That’s all. Thank y ou.
训练三答案
Last Saturday I took part in a speech contest at Guangzhou Children’s Palace, whose theme was “To Protect Our Earth”. After I looked for information in the library and on the net many times, I prepared a draft for the speech. But when my turn was coming, I felt extremely nervous. I tried to calm myself down as soon as possible, and to my joy, I got the third place at last. By participating in this contest, I came to the understanding that self-confidence can encourage us to do everything well and that only by using the language constantly can we improve our English.
训练四答案
Smoking is harmful
It’s said that in China smokers cover about 45 percent of the population, most of who/whom are young people and even middle school students. When asked why they enjoy smoking, some say smoking is a pleasure while others believe that it can refresh themselves. In fact, smoking is a bad habit because smoking not only does great harm to our health but wastes a lot of money and may even cause fires.
英语高考单项选择 真题部分-2004年浙江省 21. The winner of 1990 was extremely bad. _____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives. A. At last B.In fact C.In a word D.As a result 22. The Wilsons live in _____ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _____ 17th century cottage. A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a 23. The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came 24. ______ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 25. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite _____ as planned. A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. come up 26. I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could 27. ---- What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game. ----- _____. Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A. It just depends B. It’s up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that 28. --- Brad was Jane’s brother! ---_______ he reminded me so much of Jane! A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course 29. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 30. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would _____. A. act B. help C. serve D. last 31. _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. A. While B. Since C. As D. If 32. I’ve never seen anyone run so fast---- ______ David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 33. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______. A. none B. either C. any D. each 34. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down 35. A nyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. A. when B. where C. what D. Which
基础写作指导 一、写一个完整的句子。 这几句是正确的句子吗? 如果你认为有误, 该怎么改? 1.The meeting will until 3:00. 2.Work hard, you will succeed. 3.I have a brother, who is a doctor. 4. There are only 4 students take part in the class. 二、句子类型。 简单句: 只包含一个主谓结构的句子. 并列句: 主谓结构+ 连词(and, but, so, or……) +主谓结构(或更多的主谓结构) 复合句: 引导词+主谓结构, 主谓结构 (从句) (主句) 三、五种基本的简单句。 1.主语+不及物动词 Birds fly. Buses run from dawn till midnight. We are studying hard. 2. 主语+及物动词+宾语 We have read many books. They do shopping at the weekend. We are learning English. 3. 主语+系动词+表语 We are students. He became a scientist. That sounds good. 4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 He gave Tom a present. He offered me a job. 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 We made him our monitor. The manager thinks the plan practical. He will have his bike repaired. I won’t have you speaking to your mother like that. 四、过渡词 （1）表并列关系的过渡词: and, also，as well, as well as，or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor （2）表递进关系的过渡词: besides, in addition（加之，除……之外）, moreover(此外，而且), what’s more，what’s worse （3）表转折对比的过渡词： but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in s pite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others
概要写作 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the King of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry Ⅳ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the King ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was long－lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: Clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first－time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter(后者) position is gaining some ground.
广东2012届高考二轮复 习: 基础写作总述（课件）
广东2012届高考二轮复习：基础写作总述（课件） 第五模块"基础写作 专题一记叙文型基础写作 专题二应用文型基础写作专题三说明文型基础写作专题四议论文型基础写作
广东省高考英语写作分为两部分，一是基础写作，即我 们常说的控制性写作；二是读写任务写作，属发散性写作。综观近年来的高考英语写作，测试的内容正在从知识型向能力型转变，写作文体日趋多元化，命题更具开放性，也就是说对考生英语写作能力的要求也在逐年提高。基础写作题目的目的是检测考生最基础的书面语言表达能力，如用词的合理性、结构的复杂性、语法运用的正确性、信息内容的完整性、句子之间的连贯性等。
基础写作的评分标准：1 ■信息内容的完整性(Completeness)； 2■信息内容的连贯性(Coherence)； 3. 句子结构的正确ft(Correctness)； 4■句子结构的复条性(Variety) o 考生要了解复杂句的概念、学会使用复杂句来表达信息要点，尽量避免一些受汉语思维影响而犯的书面表达错误。总之，考生必须具备用英语熟练地表达自己所在的生活环境的能力。
第五模块I命题分析 1. 基础写作题材贴近考生的学习和生活。历年来高考作文题的题材都非常贴近考生的学习生活，如：校园活动、校外见闻.交友、旅游以及与考生有关的话题讨论等。可以预料2012年高考写作题的题材还会在这些范围之内，并为考生所熟悉。 2. 写作的体裁主要是记叙文和应用文。命题形式多为看图写故事，看图表说明、根据表格信息写一篇通讯报道，写一封短信或一份通知等。 3. 以下是广东省近3年高考基础写作题的对照表：
高考英语第二轮复习单项选择题专项练习200题 1．There is still much to discuss. We shall, ____________, return to this item at our next meeting. A．therefore B．however C．otherwise D．briefly 2．The door and the windows were all closed and there was no ___________ of forced entry. A．scene B．signal C．sign D．sight 3．—Would you have your family get together this New Year’s Day? — ___________. We are busy working at that time. A．No way B．Not at all C．No problem D．No chance 4．—The National College Entrance Examination is drawing near. All we should do is make the best use of time. —I can’t agree more. Every minute ________. A．needs B．counts C．acquires D．urges 5．—I phoned you yesterday morning. A girl answered, but I didn’t recognize the voice. — Oh, it __________ my younger sister. She was in my room at that moment. A．must have been B．should have been C．could have been D．may have been 6．He has recently ___________ tennis to relax himself. A．taken off B．taken up C．put up D．put out 7．To our excitement, two _________ of students __________ a success after three years’hard work. A．scores; scored B．score; lost C．scores; made D．score; scored 8．Our class _________ all fond of singing English songs and we can sing ________ than others. A．is; many more B．are; many more C．is; much more D．are; much more 9．The long-lasting meeting __________ in disorder, __________ no conclusion. A．was ended; reached B．ended; reaching C．was ended; reaching D．ended; to reach 10．If you feel tired and sick of fat foods, that is _______ you have to go to the hospital for a medical examination. A．why B．what C．when D．whether 11．The overseas Chinese scientist made another wonderful discovery, ___________ of great value to study AIDS. A．which I think it is B．which I think is C．I think it is D．I think is 12．Americans are nervous ____________ the prospect of a nuclear-armed Iran, but also worry __________ the ability of the United States and the United Nations to deal with the situation. A．about; about B．to; about C．for; about D．for; for 13．When __________ comes to golf, I know nothing and I have no interest in this match. A．this B．that C．it D．one 14．—You can’t enter the building without __________ permission. —I’ve lost __________ permission card. A．the; a B．a; the C．\; the D．\; \ 15．—I hear that Bai Shan can’t afford his schooling this fall. —___________, l et’s do something for him. A．If so B．Where possible C．When necessary D．What a shame 16. --- I have just had my watch repaired. --- How much did they for that? A. cost B. charge C. spend D. take 17. --- It’s been a wonderful Halloween Party. Thank you very much. --- ___________. A. My pleasure B. I’m glad to hear that C. No, thanks D. It’s OK 18. --- How about the book you are reading? --- Good indeed. It ___________ many problems we have come across in our study. A. says B. talks C. covers D. refers 19. The room is in a terrible mess; it __________ cleaned. A. can’t have been B. couldn’t be C. may have been D. would be 20. He ___________ the test, but he wasn't careful enough.
基础写作的写作技巧之谋篇布局 技巧指导 纵观高考英语题，广东卷的基础写作的文体多为说明文或记叙文。因此，掌握说明文和记叙文的谋篇布局是写好基础写作的基础。 什么是谋篇布局？写文章时，在下笔之前我们首先要理解文章的主旨，明确文章的写作目的，此为谋篇；接下来，我们要考虑先写什么、后写什么，即如何安排文章的结构，这是布局。下面，我们就具体了解一下如何对说明文和记叙文进行谋篇布局。 一、说明文的谋篇布局 1、说明文的概念 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的一种文体。按说明对象可分为事物说明文和事理 说明文两类。事物说明文说明事物的形状、性质、构造、变化、功用及特征等；事 理说明文阐明事理，给人准确的科学知识或正确的思想。 2、说明文的顺序 写好说明文的关键是要对说明对象有正确、深刻的了解，要抓住事物的特征来说 明，要以其说明顺序为主线谋篇布局。说明文常见的顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序和 逻辑顺序三种。其中，事物说明文常用逻辑顺序，如因果关系、由现象到本质的层 递关系、主次关系、总分关系、并列关系、相关关系等。 3、说明文的结构 说明文有其常用的固定结构，依照常用结构布局是说明文写作的重要技巧之一。说 明文的结构一般有总分式、并列式和递进式三种。事物说明文大都用总分式或并列 式；事理说明文大都用递进式。 二、记叙文的谋篇布局 1、记叙文的概念 记叙文是以记叙为主要表达方式的一种文体。按记叙对象可分为写人记叙文和写事 记叙文两类。写人记叙文记叙人物的经历；写事记叙文记叙事件的发展。 2、记叙文的要素 写记叙文时要交待清楚五要素的内容（即when, where, what, who, how）,给读者一 篇内容完整、细节清晰的文章。这是记叙文谋篇时要考虑的重要因素。 3、记叙文的顺序 写人的记叙文多以总体印象------分述特点-----总结为顺序谋篇布局。写事的记叙文 通常以事情发生----------发展的时间关系为顺序谋篇布局，常见的形式有：日记、 故事、游记、新闻报道等。 4、记叙文的结构 开头------点明文章的要点或核心问题，并交待必要的背景，如：时间、地点、人 物等。中间----------围绕主题开展叙述、讨论，交待故事情节（事件的主体），如： 事件的发生、发展和前因后果。可以使用表示时间或空间的连接词，使文章连贯， 如：at first...then…a few minutes later…。结尾---------对全文进行总结和概括，如事 件的结果或自己的感想、愿望等，起到点题的作用。 真题回眸（2009年广东卷） 你是校报小记者，最近进行了一次采访。以下是这次采访的情况： 【写作内容】 实战演练 假设你是某医学院的学生。最近，你对居民使用咳嗽药盒感冒药的情况进行了一次调查。 【写作内容】 请你根据以下调查记录，写一篇英语调查报告：
高考英语作文写作基础——篇章结构 一. 教学内容： 高考写作专题——篇章结构 纵观历年的高考书面表达，其文体题材各异，有书信、口头通知、简介、日记、自我介绍、记叙文、描写文、说明文、看图作文等，不同的体裁需要考生应用适当的篇章结构，将题目所提供的信息清晰、明了、准确，逻辑合理地表达出来。 篇章结构在语言表达中起着非常重要的作用，同样的信息点会因为不同的表达顺序传达出不同的信息。层次分明，逻辑合理的篇章结构会让读者在很短的时间内获得并准确理解题目所规定的信息；而叙述顺序混乱，前言不搭后语的篇章则让人一头雾水，不知所云何物。当然，后者是失败的表达，即使作者在写作的过程中使用了再漂亮的词汇和句型，混乱的文章结构也不会让读者准确领悟作者的意图。 下面，让我们看看不同的文体题材所应用的不同篇章结构。 （一）记叙文体 记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文的写作要素： 1 要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, when, what, who ,how，给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。 2. 事情的叙述可以按时间或空间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联，从而理解文章主题。 3. 时态通常使用与过去有关的时态，如一般过去时。 记叙文的篇章结构： 开头the beginning——交待必要的背景。如：时间、地点、人物等。 中间the middle——交待故事情节（事情的主体）。如：事件的发生、发展和前因后果。（可以使用表示时间或空间的连接词，使文章连贯。如：at first…then…few minutes later…） 结尾the ending——事情的结果或感想、愿望等。（所表达的感想或愿望应与所记叙的内容有关系，起到扣题或点题的作用，使文章结构紧凑）。 例如NEMT2000 假设你是李华，正在美国探亲。2000年2月8日清晨，你目击了一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料，报告当时的所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。 注意：1. 目击者应该准确报告事实 2. 词数100左右 3. 结尾已为你写好 ____________________________________________________________________________ About two minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the old man to the nearest hospital. Li Hua 要点解析：仔细观察所提供的图画，寻找记叙文的写作要点。 1. 时间：2000年2月8日 2. 地点：公园路公园门前
高中英语单项选择题精选（4） 1.He asked me _____ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the matter was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter 2. ---What did he want to know? ---______ I could finish writing the report. A. When was it B. It was when that C. It was when D. When it was that 3. Enjoying popular songs on the Internet had greatly _____ me the trouble of going to the video shops to purchase some VCDs. A. shared B. spared C. canceled D. cost 4. ---Are you going to have a holiday this year? ---I’d love to. I can’t wait to leave this place _____. A. off B. out C. behind D. over 5. You can’t do _____ your friends ask you to do. You’d better think first. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 6. ---I’m afraid I’ll keep you waiting a little longer. ---______. I can wait all my life only if you can work it out for me. A. Well, excuse me. B. Oh, come on C. Well, let it alone D. oh, my god 7. ---How come a simple meal like this cost so much? ---We have ____ in your bill the cost of the teapot you broke just now. A. added B. included C. obtained D. charged 8. Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly ___ left in the house. A. anything B. everything C. nothing D. something 9. Don’t respond to any e-mails ___ personal information ,no matter how official they look. A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning 10.I want to know when he ____ for New York. A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. would left 11.He _____ out when it began to rain. A. is going B. was going C. is about to go D. went 12. ---I’m going to the States. ---How long ____ you ____ in the States ? A. are, stayed B. are staying
基础写作 形考任务4 1．写作者的写作目的和文本的表现内容要求语言运用一定的手段和方法，我们称之为表达方式。请结合不同的文体，选择文本，有所侧重地谈谈你对叙述、描写、说明、议论、抒情等不同表达方式的理解。 答：表达方式包括：叙述，描写，说明，议论，抒情。1）叙述：是写作中最基本和最常用的一种表达方式。2）描写：是写作者运用描绘性的语言，把人物、景物或场面的状态或特征具体、形象和生动地表现出来的一种表达方式。3）说明：是写作运用解说性语言，对事物的形状、结构、功能、用途、成因、性质、特征、关系、意义等进行客观地介绍和解释的一种表达方式。4）议论：是写作者运用论说语言，通过逻辑推理的方式来证明自己对自然界、人类社会，以及人自身的某种现象的理性认识正确性的一种表达方式。5）抒情：是写作者运用情感化的语言，主要借助于除说明之外的其他表达方式来抒发和表现内心情感的一种特殊表达方式。 2．表达方式在其具体运用过程中，会因写作的具体需要而在写作者的灵活运用中形成许多特殊方法，即通常所说的“表现技巧”。请选择文本，结合相应的表达方式，分别介绍最主要的表现技法。 答：表现技法包括：叙述技法，描写技法，说明技法，议论技法，抒情技法。叙述的表现技法有这样几种：顺叙法，倒叙法，插叙法，平叙法。描写的表现技法有：烘托法，对比法，错综法。说明的表现技法有：定义说明，诠释说明，分类说明。议论的表现技法有：例证法，引证法，反证法。抒情的表现技法有：客观法，主客化合法，主观法。
3．阅读明末文学家张岱《西湖七月半》，对其中所涉及的叙述、描写、抒情等表达方式进行分析。 答：《西湖七月半》以一种诙谐的手法，写出了游湖的五种人，他们各有特色，各不相同。：以三言两语的笔画勾勒出五种形态各异的人，写得细致入微，生动专神，惟妙惟肖。“不衫不，酒醉饭饱，呼群三五，路入人从”形象地将市井徒的特征展现在读者的面前。层层的白描文字中，夹杂着作者醉心于昔日繁华主活的怀旧情结。“此时月如镜新磨，山复整妆，湖复面，向之浅斟低唱者出，匿影树下者亦出”。作者由动入静，描写了文人雅士，趁俗人散去后，才邀约三五好友名妓，在月下同坐。此刻轻歌曼舞，美酒千杯，佐以如镜明月、清秀山水、幽香荷花。环境的优雅，映衬出作者等诸人情怀的高雅。俗一雅，两相对比，褒贬不言自明，将作者的情趣表现得淋漓尽致。“月亦看，看月者亦看，不看月者亦看”，无所不看，而＂实无一看”。他们以此为乐，什么雅与俗，统统不在话下。古往今来，大凡在人群簇拥的热闹场合都能碰到此辈。作者在此自描传神。＂止见篱击篙，舟触舟，肩摩肩，面看面而已”这一段插叙，回应开头＂西湖七月半，一无可看＂的论断，具体描写，缴足其意，同时又为下文作铺垫和反衬。“月色苍凉，东方将白，客方散去＂”写通宵盘桓，兴尽方散，与前文众人游湖匆匆聚散恰成对照。兴尽而散，却并不急于回城，而复纵舟，“酣睡于十里荷花之中，香气拍人，清梦甚惬”。这个富有诗意的结尾，更显得雅韵流溢，余香沁人！
Unit4基础写作 Dear Tom, How is everything? I’m writing to let you know about an English Evening and invite you to join us. The English Evening will start at 7:30 p.m. on April 21st and will be held in the English club. By that time, we will have a face-to-face talk in English with our spaceman—Zhai Zhigang, who would like to share his space experience with us. What’s more, we can have pictures taken with him and exchange small gifts. We will be providing some fruits and drinks for the evening, but we suggest you bring some food with you if you like. I believe everyone will have a wonderful time at the English Evening. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours Li Hua Unit4基础写作 Dear Tom, How is everything? I’m writing to let you know about an English Evening and invite you to join us. The English Evening will start at 7:30 p.m. on April 21st and will be held in the English club. By that time, we will have a face-to-face talk in English with our spaceman—Zhai Zhigang, who would like to share his space experience with us. What’s more, we can have pictures taken with him and exchange small gifts. We will be providing some fruits and drinks for the evening, but we suggest you bring some food with you if you like. I believe everyone will have a wonderful time at the English Evening. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours Li Hua Unit4基础写作 Dear Tom, How is everything? I’m writing to let you know about an English Evening and invite you to join us. The English Evening will start at 7:30 p.m. on April 21st and will be held in the English club. By that time, we will have a face-to-face talk in English with our spaceman—Zhai Zhigang, who would like to share his space experience with us. What’s more, we can have pictures taken with him and exchange small gifts. We will be providing some fruits and drinks for the evening, but we suggest you bring some food with you if you like. I believe everyone will have a wonderful time at the English Evening.
写作专题卷 (建议用时：40分钟) 1．阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。(60分) 春节期间，有一组调侃春运艰辛的照片在网上流传。照片中，很多头猪和旅客一同挤在火车车厢里，场面甚是混乱、滑稽，引来网友的指责与嘲笑。后来照片拍摄者在微博上解释，这组图片摄于四川大凉山深处。过年了，乡亲们须把猪赶到县城去卖，但当地道路崎岖，交通非常不便，这趟列车是当地百姓出行唯一的一趟慢车。虽然按规定列车上不准携带活的动物，但列车员心疼山里百姓也就默许了，因为百姓家里孩子上学和必要的生活物品全指望它换钱呢。真相披露后，引发更大范围的讨论。 对于以上事情，你怎么看？ 请综合材料内容及含意作文，要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭。 【写作提示】材料表述的内容可以分为两部分：一是一组调侃春运的旅客和猪挤在一个车厢的照片中，车厢的混乱场面引来网友的指责和嘲笑；二是对这幅照片的解释，这趟列车是大凉山深处的百姓出行的唯一一趟慢车，列车员心疼百姓就默许百姓把猪带到车厢中。从网友的角度分析，要弄清楚事情的来龙去脉再发表议论；从列车员的角度分析，不让猪上火车是规定，默许猪上车是情怀；从当地百姓的角度分析，带猪上火车也是没有办法的事情。由此可以得出的立意有：①规定与人情；②要弄清事实真相再发表评论；③国家应努力缩短贫富差距(消除贫穷)等。 2．阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。(60分) 某报为了发掘有温度和人情味的新闻，引导读者以温暖的视角看待社会，开设了《暖闻》专栏。编辑部收到三则新闻： 一位卖油条的青年多年坚持不用有害的“复炸油”炸油条，给顾客提供新鲜健康的油条，被网友称赞为最帅的良心“油条哥”。 一位老父亲从外地来医院看望儿子，看到儿子正在坐诊，忙得抬不起头，根本说不上话。老人家等了两个多小时后，只好挂了个号，和儿子见了一面。 某地举办珍品画展，一个男孩探身观赏时不慎跌倒，损坏了一幅珍贵名画。主办方认为男孩只有12岁，又不是故意的，因此仅备案而未报案，希望男孩的心理不要受到影响。 从以上三则新闻中选择一则刊登在《暖闻》专栏上，你认为哪一则更合适？请综合材料内容及含意作文，体现你的思考、权衡与选择。 要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭。 【写作提示】材料由两部分组成，第一部分叙述了三则新闻，它们分别为“油条哥”坚持不用“复炸油”炸油条、老父亲挂号排队看望忙碌的儿子、主办方谅解12岁男孩无意损坏珍贵名画的行为。第二部分提出写作要求：①从这三则新闻中选择其中一则新闻；②围
江苏省2018届高三英语单项选择练习（17）江苏省-Hodid your students express their thanks to you on Teachers’ Day? ---A gift together with many flowers _______ sent to me A is B are C was D were 2 ______ from other continents for millions of years, so it has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world A Having been separated B Separated C It has been separated D Having separated 3 It was until October that they _____ A finished their long journey B paid off the debts C reached an agreement D worked on the project 4 On the top of the hill ， the old man once lived A a temple stands there; in which B a temple standing; on which C does a temple stand; where D stands a temple; where 5 ——Why haven’t you asked her to e here? ——She _______ an important experiment when I found her and she _____ it A, had done ; didn’t finish B was doing ; hasn’t finished C did ; wouldn’t finish D has done ; hadn’t finished 6 We had thought the examination would be difficult, but it _____ easy A turned B resulted C appeared D proved 7 No one in the department but Tom and I_________ that the director is going to resign A kno B am to kno C knows D have known