初中现在完成时讲解和练习
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2、也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态II、现在完成时的结构have/has+ done (过去分词) 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如：I have lived here for more than thirty years、我已在此住了30多年。III、现在完成时的时间状语
1、ever, never, twice（once…）, so far（到目前为止）, , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来）等词连用
2、Since+时间点，for+时间段，in the past/last few years表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy 等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait 等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：I
have already finished my homework、I haven’t finished my homework yet、 Have you finished your homework
yet?They have left、 (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)I have had my lunch、 (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)I can’t find my watch now、 I think I have already lost it、注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等;2)不能与when连用IV、现在完成时的用法
A、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：
The car has arrived、车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window、有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）
B、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如：
My uncle has worked at this factory for five years、我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。M r、 Black has lived in China since2002、自从2002年Mr、 Black 一直住在中国。H ow long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？
用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”。如：He has been in the Green China for three years、He has been a member of the Green China for three years、他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。T he old man died4 years ago、---- The old man has been dead for4 years、He joined the Party2 years ago、---- He has been in the Party for2 years、I bought the book5 days ago、---- I have had the book for5 days、表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间(for2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。V、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday、（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）I have seen this film、（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/、、、in全文结束》》, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday 、、then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already
（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成
时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know、 VI、比较
have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been
inhave(has)
been to、、、表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has)
gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has)
been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的
状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai、他(曾经)到/去过上海、(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)He has gone to Shanghai、他已经去上海了、(也许刚动身出发,也许已
经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)Mr、 Brown has been in Shanghai for three days、布朗先生来上海已经有三天了
六、过去分词
1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词
的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived ,
(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词：
AAA型 burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast cast
cost cost cost
cut cut cut hit hit hit
put put put
shut shut shut
spread spread spread set set set read read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ AAB型beat beat beatenABA型 become became become run ran run
come came come
特殊情况
ABB型
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
build built built
burn burnt burnt
catch caught caught
dig dug dug
feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found
hear heard heard
hold held held
keep kept kept
lay laid laid
lead led led
lose lost lost
make made made
meet met met
sell sold sold
shoot shot shot
sit sat sat
stand stood stood
sweep swept swept
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought win won won ABC型
begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
draw drew drawn
drive drove driven
drink drank drunk
fly flew flown
forgive forgave forgiven
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
give gave given
grow grew grown
know knew known
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
ring rang rung
shake shook shaken
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk swim swam swum
throw threw thrown
write wrote written七、瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词buy----have borrow---keep go out----be out begin-----be oncome/arrive/reach/get to-----be in leave--be away finish----be over open----be open close---be closed die----be dead★
1、have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought)
this bike for almost four years、★
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed)
the book for quite a few days、★
3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?★
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday、
★
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry
2、be＋ill代fall (get)
ill
3、be＋dead代die
4、be＋asleep代fall (get)
asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up
6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open
8、be closed代close/shut
9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1“be＋on”代start, begin
2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get)
here或go (arrive, reach, get)
there等等
d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1、“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2、用be in the army 代替join the army
3、“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：
1、have arrived at/in sw、 got to/reached sw、come/gone/moved to sw、
→have been in sw、/at…相应的介词
2、have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3、have come/gone out →have been out
4、have become → have been
5、have closed / opened→ have been close/open
6、have got up → have been up；
7、have died → have been dead；
8、 have left sw、→ have been away from sw、
9、have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；
10、have finished/ended/completed → have been over；
1
1、have married → have been married；
12、 have started/begun to do sth、→ have done sth、；
13、have begun → ha ve been on
14、have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15、have lost → haven’t had
16、have put on →have worn
17、have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；
18、have got to know → have known
19、have/has gone to → have been in
20、 have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/ have been the Party’s member/ 现在完成时练习
（一）
一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：
1、“_________ you __________ (have)
lunch ?” “Yes、”“When ________ you __________ (have)
it?” “I ____________ (have)
it at12:00、”
2、“_________ you __________ (write)
a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I ___________、 I ________________ (write)
one last week、”
3、“_________ he ___________ (finish)
his homework?” “Not yet、”
4、“_________ they ever __________ (be)
abroad?” “Yes, just once、”
5、 Your father _________ just ___________ (finish)
his work、6、 Your father _________ (finish)
his work just now、7、 Last term I __________ (learn) many English words、8、 They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet、9、 He _____________ never ____________ (go)
to the science museum、
10、 ____________ you ever ____________ (drink)
coke?
11、Have you _____________ (buy)
a dictionary? “ “Yes, I
__________ 、”“Where______ you ___________(buy) it?” “ I _________(buy)
it in a bookstore、”“When ___________ you
_____________ (buy)
it?” “ Yesterday、”
二、单项选择。( )
1、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year 、Ａ、 is writing Ｂ、was writing Ｃ、wrote Ｄ、has written ( )
2、 Have you met Mr、 Li ____？Ａ、 Just Ｂ、 ago Ｃ、before Ｄ、a moment ago( )
3、 About two months 、
Ａ、 been Ｂ、 gone Ｃ、 come Ｄ、 arrived( )
4、 Yes、 I hope it will be even ______ 、Ａhas changed; well Ｂchanged ; goodＣhas changed betterＤ、changed; better ( )
5、 Yes、 I _____ it a moment ago、Ａ、Did; do; finished Ｂ、Have; done; finishedＣ、Have; done; have finished Ｄ、 will; do; finish( )
6、 We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl 、
Ａ、 know Ｂ、 had known Ｃ、 have known Ｄ、 knew( )
7、 Harry Potter is a very nice film、 I _____ twice、
Ａ、 will see Ｂ、 have seen Ｃ、 saw Ｄ、see( )
8、 Really? When _____ there ?Ａ、 will they go Ｂ、did they go Ｃ、 do they go Ｄ、 have they gone ( )
9、 Zhou Lang ______already ______in this school for two years 、Ａwas ; studying Ｂ、 will ; study Ｃ、 has ; studied Ｄ、 are; studying( )
10、 His father ______ the Party since1998 、
Ａ、joined Ｂ、 has joined Ｃ、 was in Ｄ、 has been in( )1
1、 Sure 、We ______ friends since ten years ago 、
Ａ were Ｂ、 have been Ｃ、 have become Ｄ、 have made( )
12、 He has ___ been to Shanghai, has he ?Ａ、already Ｂ、never Ｃ、ever Ｄ、 still( )
13、 Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes 、
Ａ、 has begun Ｂ、 had begun Ｃ、 has been on Ｄ、began( )
14、 It ___ ten years since he left the army 、Ａ、
Is Ｂ、 has Ｃ、 will Ｄ、 was( )
15、 Miss Green isnt in the office、 She_______ to the library、Ａ、has gone Ｂ、 went Ｃ、will go Ｄ、 has been( )
16、 My parents ______ Shandong for ten years、
Ａ、 have been in Ｂ、 have been to Ｃ、 have gone to Ｄ、 have been( )
17、 The students have cleaned the classroom, ____?
A、 so they
B、don’t they
C、 have they
D、haven’t they( )
18、 has Mr、 White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A、 How soon, comes
B、 How often, got
C、 How long, came
D、 How far, arrived ( )
19、 His uncle for more than9 years、
A、 has come here
B、 has started to work
C、 has lived there
D、 has left the university
20、Yes 、 I _____ it a moment ago 、
A、Did ; do ; finished
B、Have ; done ; finished
C、Have ; done ; have finished
D、will ; do ; finish2
1、His father ______ the Party since1978 、
A、 joined
B、 has joined
C、 was in
D、 has been in
22、 Sure 、We _________ friends since ten years ago 、
A、 were
B、 have been
C、 have become
D、 have made23When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for20 minutes、
A、 has left
B、 had left
C、 has been away
D、 had been away
24、 I ______ the League for5 years so far、
A、 joined
B、 have joined
C、 have been in
24、The factory __ since the February of19
88、
A 、 has been open
B、 has opened
C、 was open
D、 opened
25、Mary and Rose ___friends since they met in2000、
A、 have made
B、 have been
C、 made
26、The meeting _____ for a week now、
A、 has finished
B、 has ended
C、 has been over
27、Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly5 years、
A、 has been in
B、 has come to
C、 has taught
30、 How long _______ he ________ ?
A、 died
B、 has, died
C、 has, been dead3
1、He _____ at eight yesterday afternoon 、
A、 slept
B、 was sleeping
C、 has sleep
D、 had slept
32、He ________ the car for a week、
A、 bought
B、 has bought
C、 has had
33、-----How long _____ you _____ ill ?---Two weeks、
A、 did fall
B、 have, fell
C、 have, been
35、Ill lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for2 days、
A、 borrow
B、 keep
C、 take
40、----- How long can I ______ the book?------ Two weeks、
A、 borrow
B、 lend
C、 get
D、 keep
四、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1)
Where is Jack? He __________ his country、2)
David ____ ____ the park just now、3)
John ____ ___ England since he came back、4)
How long ____you ___ __ this village?5)
The Smiths ____ __ Beijing for years、6)
_____ you ever _ __ America? Yes, I ___ __ there many times、7)
I __ ___ this school since three years ago、8)
Where is Jim? He __ ___ the farm、9)
When___ __ he ___ __? He ____ ___ an hour ago、10)
Would you like to ____ _ the zoo with me?-Yes, but I ___ __ there before、
五、延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化
1、He died10 years ago、 He ______________ for10 years / since10 years ago、
2、 He borrowed the book2 weeks ago、 He _____________the book for2 weeks、
3、 He bought the motorbike a month ago、 He ___________the motorbike for a month、
4、 He arrived here three days ago、 He ____________from here for2 years、7、 The film began30 minutes ago、 The film __________ for30 minutes、8、 They opened the door an hour ago、 The door
__________ for an hour、9、 They closed the door an hour ago、 The door ___________for an hour、
10、 He joined the army last year、 He _____________
a _______ for a year、 He _____________ the army for a year、 It ____ a year ____ he joined the army、现在完成时练习
（二）单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad 、 Maybe they _____whats happened to him 、（xx呼和浩特）Ａ、 knew Ｂ、 have known Ｃ、 must know Ｄ、will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ、 already Ｂ、never Ｃ、ever Ｄ、 still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ、 just Ｂ、 ago Ｃ、before Ｄ、 a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years 、
Ａ、 is writing Ｂ、was writing Ｃ、wrote Ｄ、has written
5、Yes 、 I hope it will be even ______ 、
Ａ、 has changed ; well Ｂ、 changed ; good
Ｃ、 has changed ; better Ｄ、 changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years 、Ａ、 was ; studying Ｂ、 will ; study Ｃ、 has ; studied Ｄ、 are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl 、
Ａ、 know Ｂ、 had known Ｃ、 have known Ｄ、 knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film 、I_____ it
twice 、
中考英语现在完成时真题汇编(含答案)及解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．— Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia. — Oh, that's why I can't find them now. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查主谓一致。句意：——侯博和埃迪去了电影院看电影《疯狂动物城》。——哦，这就是为什么我现在找不到他们的原因。have gone to去了；been to去过。Hobo and Eddie作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。所以选A。 2．—What great progress Huawei ________ in recent years! —No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world. A. is making B. has made C. makes D. made 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——华为近几年取得了多大的进步啊！——难怪它在世界的每个角落都出名。根据时间状语in recent years，近几年，可知动作从过去持续到现在，时态为现在完成时have/has+过去分词，故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时。注意掌握现在完成时的结构have/has+过去分词。 3．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语my father，助动词要用has，故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法，注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。 4．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。
现在完成时 一、现在完成时构成 构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.
①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill?for three days. I have lived here?since 1998. 注意： since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。3、表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago. 5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。
初中现在完成时态讲 解带练习
一.现在完成时的含义及用法 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式： 主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式： 助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙) I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的) 此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经 1.你已经找到你的书了吗? 2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3.Judy还没到达.
4.你吃过早饭了吗? 用法② 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? for+ 时间段 since+时间点 , since+ 句子 ①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years. ②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month. ③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month . ④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday. ⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long ti me . ⑥She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee ____ years. ⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. 二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in“呆在某处一段时间了” 三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词
【英语】初中英语过去完成时试题(有答案和解析)及解析 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．——Jim, did you take out the trash just now? ——No. By the time I came home it . A. have been taken out B. had taken out C. had been taken out 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】take out拿出，带出，by the time直到，came home是过去时，扔垃圾是发生在came之前的动作，过去完成时表示的是过去的过去。又有be+动词过去分词构成被动语态。had been+过去分词，含有被动语态的过去完成时。句意：Jim，刚才是你把垃圾扔了吗？不，我回来的时候垃圾已经被扔了。故选C。 【点评】考查被动语态及过去完成时的用法。 2．—Peter, _______ you _______ your homework? —Not yet, I'll do it at once. A. have; finished B. Did; finish C. Will; finish 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——皮特，你完成作业了吗？——还没有，我马上做。根据Not yet, I'll do it at once.可知此处问你的作业完成了吗，所以句子时态用现在完成时，现在完成时的结构have+done，故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子时态。要根据上下文的联系确定句子时态。 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city.
中考英语现在完成时试题和答案 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．Little Tom his home for more than ten years. A. leaves B. left from C. will leave D. has been away from 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：小汤姆离开家已经十年了。由句中“for more than ten years”可知. 句中的谓语动词需使用延续性动词。leave对应的延续性动词为be away。 【点评】考查现在完成时。 2．—The drama series The Thunder （破冰行动） hits screens these days. —Oh. What a pity! I ____________ any of them yet, A. doesn't watch B. didn't watch C. won't watch D. haven't watched 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：——连续剧《破冰行动》这些天正在霸屏。——哦。真遗憾！我任何一集也没有看过。根据Oh. What a pity!可知我没有看过。过去的动作对现在造成的影响和 yet也，常和现在完成时的否定结构连用，可知此处用现在完成时。故选D。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时。注意yet常和现在完成时连用。 3．—How long can I _________ this book? —Five days. But you must return it on time. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. kept 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：——我能保留这本书多长时间？——五天。但是你一定要按时归还它。A,borrow借，瞬间性动词；B, lend接，是瞬间性动词；C,keep保留，是延续性动词；D,kept是过去式。此处与how long连用，故此处用延续性动词，位于情态动词can之后，故用动词原形keep，故选C。 【点评】本题考查延续性动词。以及borrow，lend，keep，kept四个词的词义和用法。 4．— Mary, I remember you several years ago. — Yes, I for 3 years. A. married, have married B. married, married C. married, have been married D. have married, have been married 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——Mary，我记得几年前你结婚了。——是的，我已经结婚三年了。ago表明时态是一般过去时，所以用过去式married。排除D。for+时间段用现在完成时，并且用延续性动词，现在完成时的结构是have/has+动词过去分词，排除B。marry是非延续性动词，其延续性动词是be married，be的过去分词是been，故选C。
过去完成时用法小结 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。 4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...（刚…就…）, no sooner...than... （刚…就…）, It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。
现在完成时讲解和练习 I.定义： 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 2.也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态 II. 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。 如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。 III.现在完成时的时间状语 1.ever, never, twice（once…）, so far（到目前为止）, by now, up to now, up to the present , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来）等词连用 2.Since+时间点，since+从句(since he came here), for+时间段，in the past/last few years 表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。 说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如： I have already finished my homework. I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet? They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里) I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿) I can’t find my watch now. I t hink I have already lost it. 注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 IV.现在完成时的用法 A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如： The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着） B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如：My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？ 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since＋时 间点”。如： He has been in the Green China for three years. He has been a member of the Green China for three years. 他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.---- The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.---- He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.---- I have had the book for 5 days. V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）
过去完成时定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before，by the time +从句等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
【初中英语】现在完成时中考试题分类汇编 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．He has studied in our school __________. A. since five years B. for five years C. for five years ago D. in five years 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：他已经在我们学校学习五年了。has studied是现在完成时，和for+段时间连用，since+过去时间和现在完成时连用，in+段时间和一般将来时连用，故选B。 【点评】考查时间状语。根据句意选出正确的时间状语。 2．—How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？ —It's so exciting that I _______ it twice． A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？——它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。根据twice可知已经发生了，故此处用现在完成时，故为have read，故选B。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时的用法。 3．— Where is your uncle? I haven't seen him for a long time. — He _______ Beijing for about half a year. He moved there in January. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has arrived in D. has been in 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查延续与非延续性动词。根据for about half a year是一段时间，排除非延续性动词A、B、C这三个选项，故选D。 4．—Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days. —She Wuhan. She'll be back next week. A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——Catherine在哪里？我好几天没见她。——她已经去武汉了。她将下周回来。主语是she，所以用has，排除C、D。A.已经去了某地，在去的路上，还没有回来；B.已经去过某地，表示去了某地，并且回来了。根据She'll be back next week.她下周回来可知现在还没有回来，故选A。 【点评】考查短语辨析，注意平时识记其区别，理解句意。 5．—— ______you _____ out the problem, Sam?
过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。 如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。 如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left.
现在完成时 1、现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词过去分词”构成的。 。 ①助动词have/has可以与主语缩写为’ve/’ｓ e.g. I have → I’ve We have → We’ve He has → He’s It has → It’ｓ ②规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样。 ③不规则变化的动词过去分词见表。 2、现在完成时的基本句型。 ①陈述句肯定形式。 e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 ②陈述句否定形式。(在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t) 我还未吃午饭。 e.g. I haven’t had lunch. He hasn’t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。 ③一般疑问句形式及其答语。(将助动词have/has提前，答语一般用have, has回答) e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. 否定回答还可以用：No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等。 ④特殊疑问句形式。(疑问词+一般疑问句) e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里? 3、现在完成时的三个基本用法。 (1) 现在完成时的第一个基本用法表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的 影响或结果。 你吃过午饭没?有，吃过了，我刚刚 e.g. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 吃的。(影响及结果：我现在饱了，不需要了) He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。(影响及结果：他人现在不在这里了) 该用法常already(已经), never(从不), ever(曾经), yet(仍然), just(刚刚), before(以前)等副词(作状语)连用。 ① already, just, ever, never常用于助动词之后，实义动词之前。already, just多用于肯定陈述句。 e.g. She has already finished her work. 她早已干完了活。 不，我已经看过了。(already Would you like to go to see the film? No, I’ve seen it already. 偶尔会出现于句末)
完成时态 1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 E.g： Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I have finished my homework now. ②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 E.g.:： I have lived here since 1990. 2. 现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词 3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 否定句He has not finished the work. 两回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t. 特殊疑问句What has he done? 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时 (1)九词语 ①already已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾
I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? ③ever曾经句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas? ④never从不句中 e.g.： I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中 e.g.： I have just done my work. ⑥before以前句尾 e.g.： I have never been there before. ⑦so far到目前为止 e.g.： So far he has learnt 200 words. ⑧how long多久 e.g.： How long have you lived here? ⑨how many times多少次 e.g.： How many times has he been to Beijing? (2)两词组 have
中考英语现在完成时中考题集锦 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there. —No, it can't be her. She ______ to Beijing. A. has gone B. has been C. went D. will go 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：--看！你的老师怀特小姐在那边。--不，那肯定不是她。她去了北京。A. has gone去了某地，表示该人不在说话地点； B. has been去过某地，表示主语曾经去过某地，有这种经历；C. went过去式，去；D. will go将来时态，将要去。根据前面的否定猜测，可知怀特小姐去了北京，故选A。 【点评】考查固定搭配have gone to。 2．All the skirts .They very well. A. sold out;are sold B. sell out;have sold C. have been sold out;sell D. have sold out;sell 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有的裙子都卖完了，他们非常畅销。第一空sell out“卖完”，强调裙子已经被卖完的状态，本句用现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词，sell 的过去分词为sold；第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态，在此处表一直卖得很好的状态，用一般现在时。故选C。 【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态，注意sell的不同语态和用法。3．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词have．offer的过去分词是offered．答案是B． 4．I am surprised at the new look of my hometown，for it _____ a lot over the years． A. changed B. changes C. will change D. has changed 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】我对我的家乡的新面貌感到惊讶，因为这几年改变了很多， 结合over the years可知表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时
定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的
一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before.