分析_翻译

翻译错误分析总结在跨语言交流日益频繁的今天，翻译扮演着至关重要的角色。

然而，翻译过程中难免会出现各种错误，这些错误不仅影响信息的准确传递，还可能导致误解和交流障碍。

为了提高翻译质量，有必要对常见的翻译错误进行深入分析和总结。

一、词汇层面的翻译错误1、词汇的误选这是翻译中较为常见的错误之一。

由于英语和汉语的词汇并非一一对应，译者在选择词汇时可能会出现偏差。

例如，“heavy traffic”被翻译成“沉重的交通”，而正确的应该是“交通拥堵”。

这种错误源于译者对词汇的理解不够准确，没有考虑到具体的语境和搭配。

2、词汇的漏译在翻译过程中，有时会遗漏原文中的某些词汇，导致信息不完整。

比如，“The new policy has a significant impact on the economy”如果翻译成“新政策对经济有影响。

”就遗漏了“significant”（显著的）这个重要的修饰词，使句子的意思大打折扣。

3、词汇的错译错译词汇可能会完全改变原文的意思。

例如，“She has a green hand”被错误地翻译成“她有一只绿色的手。

”实际上，“green hand”在英语中是“新手”的意思。

二、语法层面的翻译错误1、时态错误英语时态丰富多样，而汉语中时态的表达相对隐晦。

因此，在翻译时容易出现时态不一致的问题。

比如，“He will come tomorrow”被翻译成“他明天来。

”没有体现出“will”所表示的将来时态。

2、语态错误主动语态和被动语态的混淆也是常见的语法错误。

例如，“The book was written by him”如果翻译成“这本书被他写。

”这种翻译显得生硬，正确的应该是“这本书是他写的。

”3、句子结构错误在翻译复杂的句子结构时，容易出现成分缺失或混乱的情况。

比如，“It is important that we should learn English well”被翻译成“重要的是我们应该学好英语。

考研英语长难句分析详解含翻译1、Nothing worth having comes easy.It will test if you really deserve what you want.You have to show them that you are more than worthy for it.If something comes easy, then maybe it’s not for you.Easy come, easy go.有价值的事物不会轻易得到，它会考验你是否值得拥有它。

你需要证明自己完全值得所渴望的一切，如果事情来得太容易，未见得真属于你，因为来得容易去得快。

2、The quieter you become, the more you can hear.You have to settle down and listen to the voices around you.Make use of them to improve and learn.And most importantly, don't forget to listen to your heart.你的心越安静，越能听到更多，安住身心，倾听身边所有的声音，通过倾听学习和提升自己，最重要的，记得谛听自己的心声。

3、Life is not a race, it is a battle.We have different battle to take on in our lives.Struggles and problems to solve.We just have to figure out that it is the foundation of our strength.That we will be ourselves after winning the battle.生活不是一次比赛，而是一场战役。

翻译岗位的职业发展路径
初级翻译
作为初级翻译，需要不断学习 和积累经验，提高自己的语言
水平和专业素养。
中级翻译
在积累了一定的经验和技能后 ，可以向中级翻译发展，承担 更复杂的翻译任务。
高级翻译
具备丰富的经验和深厚的专业 素养后，可以成为高级翻译， 负责更重要的翻译任务和指导 团队。
项目管理
随着经验和能力的提升，翻译 人员也可以向项目管理方向发 展，负责多个项目的协调和管
03
翻译岗位的挑战与机遇
翻译岗位面临着语言和文化差异的挑战，同时也拥有广阔的市场和发展
空间。随着全球化进程的加速，翻译行业的需求不断增长，为从业者提
供了更多的机会。
翻译行业的未来发展趋势
技术创新推动行业发展
随着人工智能、机器学习等技术的发展，翻译工具和软件 不断升级，提高了翻译效率和准确性。这为翻译行业带来 了新的发展机遇和挑战。
VS
详细描述
在文学作品中，翻译人员需深入理解作者 的意图和作品的主题，用优美的语言表达 出来，同时保持原文的风格和意境。这需 要翻译人员具备较高的文学素养和审美能 力。
技术文档翻译案例
总结词
技术文档翻译要求准确、专业、规范，需具备相关领域的专业知识和严谨的文字表达能力。
详细描述
在技术文档中，翻译人员需准确理解原文的含义和技术细节，用规范的语言表达出来，确保信息的准 确传递。同时，还需注意专业术语的准确使用和表述的严谨性。这需要翻译人员具备相关领域的专业 知识和良好的文字表达能力。
提升语言和专业素养
从业者需要不断学习和提高自己的语言和专业素养，以应对不断变化的翻译需求和市场环 境。
培养跨文化意识
在翻译过程中，跨文化意识的培养对于准确传递信息至关重要。从业者需要了解不同文化 背景和习惯用语，以实现更自然的译文表达。

符合中文的表达习惯。
Skills
调整语序，释义（英尺与米）
analyses
3
Eventually, homes will be lost as more ice melts each summer, and maybe all of Bykovsky, too 参考译文每年夏季，冰继续融化，最后家园将会消失，整个毕 考夫斯基村可能也将不复存在 最终，可能到了每年 的夏天，随着更多的冰块溶化，会淹没大 量的房屋，甚至可能会淹没整个毕考夫斯基村。
Words & phase
Collapsing [kə'læpsiŋ] v. 崩溃；塌陷（collapse的ing 形式）；折叠；压扁 Creeping ['kri:piŋ] v. 爬行；慢慢地移动（creep的现 在分词）
慢慢靠近 塌陷
tanks of heating oil 取暖用油的罐子
取暖用油储备地
（eventually）暗含将来可能发生的后果

1增词 （too后面的话） 语态转变（被动变主动）
THANKS
paragraph2
In Bykovsky, a village of 457 residents at the tip of a fin-shaped peninsula on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil，at a rate of 15 to 18 feet, or 5 to 6 meters, a year. Eventually, homes will be lost as more ice melts each summer, and maybe all of Bykovsky, too.

汉译英翻译技巧一、分清主从(Subordination）汉语句中各分句关系比较松散，所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在.句中重点往往在后.英译时，要突出重点或主句，其他部分可分别用介词短语，非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。

1、没有农业，人们就不能生存，社会生产就不能继续下去。

Without agriculture, people cannot exist，neither can social productionproceed。

2、他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈，这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。

The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti—hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists。

3、有人以为社会主义就了不起，一点缺点也没有，哪有这个事？Some believe that socialism is just perfect，without a single flaw. How canthat be true？4、但是，象我们常说的那样,道路总是曲折的，前途总是光明的。

But as we have often said，while the road ahead is tortuous, the future isbright.二、选词用字（Diction）在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语.1、每个民族都有它的长处，不然它为什么能存在?为什么能发展？Every nation has its own strong points。

If not, how can it survive？How can it progress？2、树雄心，立壮志,向科学技术现代化进军.Foster lofty ideals，set high goals and march forward for the revolutionof modernization of science and technology.3、我国的社会主义建设,需要一个和平的国际环境，需要一个国内安定团结，天下大治的局面。

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. In other words , there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.结构：•In other words , there is [谓] a conventional story line [主] in the newsroom culture [状]•定语从句：that provides [谓] a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure [宾] for otherwise confusing news [状] .单词：conventional a.传统的常见的惯例的符合习俗的Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话Line n.方针原则方法概况思路newsroom n.新闻编辑部Backbone n.主干支柱脊骨骨气Ready-made a.现成的做好的陈旧的平凡的Narrative n.故事叙事记叙Otherwise ad.否则除此之外以不同方式相反Confuse vt.使混乱迷惑混淆困惑复杂化词组：In other words 换句话说直译：换句话说，在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。

它提供了一个框架和一个现成的叙事结构，给复杂的新闻解析：•There be句型是全部倒装，真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语译文：换句话说，在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。

这个方针给复杂的新闻提供了一个主干框架和一个现成的叙事结构重点：•Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话•Line n.方针原则方法概况思路•There be句型是全部倒装，真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语2. There exists a social culture disconnect between journalists and their readers , which helps explain why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers .结构：•There [主] exists [谓] a social and culture disconnect [宾] between journalists and their readers ,•定语从句：which helps explain [谓]•宾语从句：why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem [谓] alien to many readers [表] .单词：Disconnect vt.断开切断供应是分离Alien n.外星人外国人a.外国的陌生的vt.转让词组：Alien to 不相容的与...相反陌生的直译：在新闻记者和读者之间存在社会和文化上的脱节，这也有助于解释了为什么新闻编辑部的标准模式似乎对很多读者来说是不相容的。

1.最令人触目惊心的一件事，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动，每移动一下就代表着我们的生命缩短了一部分。

译文1：The most shocking thing is to see the movement of the second hand of a clock, for every click of it indicates that our life is shortened for another bit.译文2：What startles us most is looking at the second hand moving click by click. One click means we get a closer step to death. (we shorten part of our life).译文3：What stun and startle us most is to gaze at the clock hand to move, little by little , every move of it meaning a little reduction of our lifespan.译文4：The most eye-striking and mind-rousing thing is to watch the second hand shifts at every second and every shift designates that we’re losing our life second by second.译文5：The most startling thing is watching the second hand of a clock moving because our lives get shorter with every movement.2.再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就是表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。

英文段落翻译及分析
第1页，共41页。
China aims to achieve "decisive results" in its reform push by 2020, with economic changes a central focus of overall reforms, the ruling Communist Party said in a communiquéreleased by state media at the end of a fourday closed-door meeting of the party's 205-member Central Committee.
翻译：
在这种情况下，公众和决策者只能获得一种类别的 信息，因为根本没有称之为单亲母亲福利协会的私人基 金会，也不存在拿出相近数额的巨额资金资助关于贫困 对于儿童成长发育影响的研究这件事情。
第9页，共41页。
• bestow vt. 1. 赠给，把…赠与；把…给予，授予，给(某人)以(奖赏、称号等
)(on，upon):
分析：
在本句中“that hopes are high”是“evidences”的后置定语，本句主语由 五个名词性从句的并列成分形成，结构复杂，使得定语从句必须后置，因而在翻 译过程中也必须把定语从句后置，这样才符合汉语的表达习惯。
译文：
劳动阶层越来越多的致力于发展经济，国有资产达到创纪 录的水平，消费者信心高涨，消费增长，移民数量接近新高纪录 以及城市不断更新改造，这些都是栩栩如生的证据，表明人民充 满了希望。
3. 嫁(女)，把(女儿)嫁出
4. [古语] 为…供宿，留…住宿，留宿：
·The landlord bestowed him for the night.

如果通过“早逝”这个说法，人们想意味些什么， 如果通过“早逝”这个说法，人们想意味些什么， 那么，他们必定认为。。。 那么，他们必定认为。。。 人们有种提法――“不及时的死” 人们有种提法――“不及时的死”。。。 改译： 改译： 提起英年“早逝” 人们或有所指， 提起英年“早逝”，人们或有所指，他们定会相 信有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。 信有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。 提起英年“早逝” 人们或有所指， 提起英年“早逝”，人们或有所指，他们定会相 信有些死亡更合天意。 信有些死亡更合天意。
2．Death in old age is rarely called untimely---a untimely---a long life is thought to be a full one. “Death in old age”：古时候的死亡 age” Age [u] 常用于专有名词 the Stone Age （石 器时代） 器时代） Age [c] an advanced or old period life (老 (老 年) 因此， 应译为： 因此，death in old age 应译为：年老而终 译文： 译文： 年老而终（寿终正寝）极少称为“早逝”，长寿 年老而终（寿终正寝）极少称为“早逝” 即意味着生命之完整。 即意味着生命之完整。
6．Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failure when they pass that year. “and only half playfully judge their own lives as failure。。。” failure。。。”仅有半数的人（作家）开玩笑 说…… Half of ＋主语 Half adv. ＝partly，not completely partly， （他们）只是半真半假地戏言自己的一生…… （他们）只是半真半假地戏言自己的一生…… 译文1：作家们无法忍受这一事实：约翰· 译文1：作家们无法忍受这一事实：约翰·济慈二 十六岁就死了，于是就几乎半开玩笑地评判他们 自己的一生是个失败，这时，他们才刚刚过了这 一年。

翻译常见错误分析翻译是将一种语言的意思转换成另一种语言的过程。

然而，由于语言之间的差异和复杂性，翻译过程中常常会出现各种错误。

本文将对翻译中常见的错误进行分析和解释，以帮助读者提高翻译质量。

错误一：直译直译是将原文的词语逐字地翻译成目标语言，忽略了语言之间的差异和表达习惯。

直译的结果通常语法不通顺，意思表达不清晰。

例如，将英文中的“to be or not to be”直译为中文“是或不是”，显然不符合中文的表达习惯，应该翻译为“生存还是毁灭”。

错误二：词义错误在翻译过程中，如果没有准确地理解原文的含义，就很容易出现词义错误。

这种错误会导致翻译的意思与原文不一致，给读者造成困惑。

例如，将英文中的“apple”翻译成中文“苹果”是正确的，但如果将其错误翻译为“手机”，就会引发误解。

错误三：文化误差不同的语言和文化之间存在着差异，这就可能导致在翻译过程中出现文化误差。

翻译时需要充分了解目标语言和文化的特点，以便准确传达原文所要表达的意义。

例如，将中文中的“傻瓜”直译成英文“stupid melon”是错误的，正确的翻译应该是“fool”。

错误四：语法错误语法错误是翻译中常见的问题之一。

在目标语言中，语法结构和用法可能与原文不同，因此在翻译时需要遵循目标语言的语法规则。

例如，将英文中的“I going to store”翻译成中文“我去商店”是错误的，正确的翻译应该是“我要去商店”。

错误五：漏译和误译漏译和误译是翻译中严重的错误，它们可能导致信息的遗漏或错误传达。

漏译是指未翻译或遗漏了某些词语或句子的情况，误译是指错误地理解和译出原文的含义。

为了避免这种错误，翻译者需要仔细研究原文，确保准确理解其含义并正确翻译。

错误六：风格不一致在翻译过程中，保持一致的语言风格和表达方式是至关重要的。

如果翻译者在不同部分使用了不同的词汇和表达方式，会给读者造成困惑。

因此，翻译者需要保持一致性，并根据原文的风格和特点来选择合适的表达方式。

分析术语英语翻译玻璃漏斗Glass funnel long stem试管test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack 蒸发皿evaporating dish small烧杯beaker锥形瓶Erlenmeyer量筒grad cylinder洗瓶plastic wash bottle勺皿casserole ,smallstoppered flask分液漏斗separalory funnelwater bath/oil bathstrring barmagnetic stirrer冷凝器condenserBallast bottle圆颈烧瓶Round-buttom flask试剂瓶reagent bottles托盘天平platform balance 台秤0.1g 托盘pan 指针刻度表pointer and scale crossbeams and sliding weights 游码分析天平two-pan/single-pan analytical balance滴定管burette glass bead(basic) nozzle移液管pipette 胖肚elongated glass bulb洗耳球rubber suction bulb玻棒glass rod玻璃活塞stopcock容量瓶pyknowmeter flasks比重瓶(one-mark)volumetric flasks胖肚吸管one-mark pipette刻度吸管graduated pipettes实验仪器清单1、柜子中四、抽屉中：锥形瓶(conical flask) 250ml×4 药匙(medicine spoon)×1 (Erlenmeyer flask) 100 ml×3 滴管(drip tube;dropper)×2 烧杯(beaker) 500 ml×1 玻棒(Glass stic)×2250 ml×3 木试管夹(test tube clamp;test tube holder)×1 100 ml×3 胖肚吸管(straws) 25 ml×150 ml×2 10 ml×1容量瓶(volumetric flask) 100 ml×2 乳钵(morta)×150 ml×4 洗耳球(ear wadhing bulb)碘量瓶(iodin numoe flask;iodineflask) 500 ml×3试剂瓶(reagent bottle) （无色）×2（棕色）×2 配洗液：量筒（cylinder）100 ml×1 K2Cr2O72g+5ml水→65mlH2SO4 (graduated cylinder)10ml×1 边加边搅拌(stir)。

校园英语 / 翻译探究References:[1]N i d a,E u g e n e.L a n g u a g e a n d C u l t u r e,C o n t e x t s i n Translation[M].上海外语教育出版社,2001.[2]Nida,Eugene.Toward a Science of Translation[M].上海外语教育出版社,2004.[3]Nord,Christiane.Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001.[4]Nord,Christiane.Translating as a Purposeful Activity—Functional Approaches Explained[M].Manchester,UK:St.JeromePublishing,1997.[5]丁往道,吴冰.英语写作基础教程(第三版)[M].高等教育出版社,2013.[6]戴宗显,吕和发.公示语汉英翻译研究——以2012年奥运会主办城市伦敦为例[J].中国翻译,2005(6):38-42.[7]贾文波.功能翻译理论对应用翻译的启示[J].上海翻译,2007 (2):9-14.[8]贾文波.应用翻译功能论[M].中国对外翻译出版公司,2004.[9]柳婧.关联理论视角下旅游景区公示语的汉英翻译研究[D].南昌航空大学,2012:40.[10]吕和发,单丽萍.汉英公示语词典[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004.[11]秦莹.旅游景点公示语翻译研究[D].东北师范大学,2012:3.[12]谭静.旅游景点公示语翻译错误分析及翻译技巧探讨[D].湘潭大学,2011:21.[13]王颖,吕和发.公示语汉英翻译[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版社,2006.[14]姚围围.目的论视角下的宜昌市公示语汉译英研究[D].长江大学,2014:36.[15]邹蕴.从功能翻译理论看西安景区公示语的英译[D].西安外国语大学,2012:3-4.[16]Net 1.Ndwssm[OL]Nov.8th,2015,from http://www.ndwww. cn/en/gygk/jianjie/201404/455824.【基金项目】2015年度国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(项目编号 201510398018)。

人工智能翻译与人类翻译的对比分析随着人工智能技术的不断发展，机器翻译已经成为了翻译行业中的新宠。

人工智能翻译与传统的人类翻译相比，各自具有优势和劣势。

本文将从多个方面对人工智能翻译与人类翻译进行对比分析，以探讨它们在翻译领域的应用及发展趋势。

一、准确度和质量人工智能翻译（Machine Translation，MT）在翻译准确度方面具有一定的优势。

由于其采用了大规模的数据训练和深度学习技术，机器翻译可以在很短的时间内完成大量文本的翻译工作，并且在某些特定领域甚至可以实现比较高的翻译准确度。

而人类翻译则更注重于语言的文化和语境，因此在一些复杂的语言表达和专业领域的翻译中更为精准。

在翻译质量上，由于人类翻译具有丰富的生活经验和文化背景，因此在保留原文的语言特色和情感色彩方面更为出色。

而人工智能翻译在这方面可能会出现一些不够自然和奇怪的翻译结果，难以完全理解原文的意思。

二、效率和速度人工智能翻译在翻译效率和速度上具有明显的优势。

由于它可以同时处理大量的文本信息，并且可以在短时间内输出翻译结果，因此在一些大规模翻译任务中具有比较大的优势。

而人类翻译则需要更多的时间和精力来完成同样数量的翻译工作，因此在时间紧迫的情况下可能会有一定的困难。

三、专业领域的翻译在专业领域的翻译方面，人类翻译由于其具有丰富的专业知识和经验，因此在医学、法律、金融等领域的翻译中更为可靠。

而人工智能翻译则需要在相关领域进行专门的训练和调整，才能够达到较高的翻译准确度和质量。

四、文化和语境的考虑人工智能翻译由于其算法的限制和数据的不足，可能很难完全理解原文的文化和语境，因此在一些涉及到文化差异和隐含意义的翻译中可能会出现失误。

而人类翻译则可以根据自己的生活经验和文化背景更好地理解原文的意思，因此在这方面更为可靠。

五、未来发展趋势随着人工智能技术的不断发展和深入，机器翻译的质量和准确度将会不断提升，尤其是在一些日常和商务翻译方面。

而在专业领域的翻译中，人工智能翻译可能需要与人类翻译相结合，共同完成更为复杂和专业的翻译任务。

1062019年23期总第463期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS英语句子结构的分析与句子翻译文/姚 特【摘要】在大学英语学习中，我们总是会遇到一些长而复杂的句子，而对这些句子的分析和翻译往往很令人头疼。

不过只要我们掌握了一定的方法，能够理清句子的结构，再找到其中的关键词，就可以更准确的运用相关的语法知识把他们进行分解，从而获得良好的分析和翻译效果。

这其实也是一个从难到易的过程。

本文就从这个角度出发，具体的分析一下英语句子结构的分析与句子翻译。

【关键词】大学英语；句子；结构；翻译【作者简介】姚特，河南推拿职业学院。

断的情况，这样就会让句子分析的难度增大。

所以学生必须能够注意到这一点，学会拆分难句子，补全句子，这样才可以有好的效果。

2.例子。

例一：William S. Hart had lived in the old West as a childwhen it was already disappearing, and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences, and in both thehistory and the mythology of the vanished frontier.(1)分析。

从整个句子来说，这句话的主语是William S.Hart，它的谓语是had lived，也就是整个句子的主干。

in the old West这一部分是介词短语作地点状语。

句子里面还有一个时间的状语从句，也就是when …disappearing.(2)分析。

在句子里面有一个and，它所起到的作用是连接一个主从复合句William S. Hart had lived in the already disappearing和简单句his hero was firmly vanished frontier, 这一部分的理解还是十分重要的。

结构分析报告英文翻译Structural Analysis Report1. Introduction:The purpose of this report is to provide a detailed analysis of the structure of the building located at [address]. The report will cover various aspects of the structure, including the foundation, load-bearing elements, and overall stability.2. Foundation:The building sits on a reinforced concrete raft foundation. This type of foundation provides a stable base for the structure and distributes the load evenly across the ground. A visual inspection revealed that the foundation is in good condition with no visible signs of cracking or settling.3. Load-Bearing Elements:The main load-bearing elements of the building consist of reinforced concrete columns and beams. These elements provide support and stability to the structure. A detailed analysis of the columns and beams was conducted using structural design software, and they were found to be capable of withstanding the expected loads.4. Stability:The overall stability of the building was assessed by analyzing thelateral stability system, including the bracing and shear walls. The analysis revealed that the building has adequate lateral resistance to withstand wind and seismic loads. Additionally, the structural design incorporates measures to prevent excessive deflections and ensure occupant safety.5. Conclusion:Based on the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that the structure of the building is in sound condition and provides sufficient support and stability. No major structural deficiencies or issues were identified during the assessment. However, regular inspections and maintenance should be carried out to ensure the continued safety and functionality of the structure.In conclusion, this report provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure of the building, covering the foundation, load-bearing elements, and overall stability. The structure is deemed to be in good condition, but ongoing maintenance is recommended.。

英汉翻译的经典句子分析1 He cheated death. 译：他死里逃生。

分析：”cheat death”为幸免于难，此类属于习语，不能字面意思所蒙蔽。

2 Any who was a man could travel alone. 译：那时，只要是男子汉就可以单独外出旅行。

（增词法）分析：句中有两个”man”，第一个泛指任何人，第二个根据语境应理解为“有男子汉气概的人”。

3 Memory, as time goes on, becomes a selective thing. 译：随着时间的流逝，记忆使人忘却了许多事物。

分析:”selective”一词，隐含否定意味。

4 You could have come at a better time. 译：你来得真不是时候（反译）分析：该句反过来译成否定句。

5 Louisa(A peasant girl ):As you have come to my house , I felt great honored.译：路易莎（一位农家女孩）：您到俺家来，真是贵客临门。

分析：根据一位村姑的口吻翻译，译文与人物的身份相对称。

6 put all our eggs in one basket 俗话说：“不能吊死在一棵树上。

”7 A woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle.译：鱼儿没有自行车活得很自在，女人没有男人也可以活得很潇洒。

评析：介词隐含有动作的意思，”without”不但可以译成“没有”，在原文还可以译成“不需要”，“A fish without a bicycle”即译为“鱼不需要自行车”。

8 My grandfather is nearly ninety and in his second childhood.译文：我的祖父快九十岁了，一切都要人照顾。

评析：childhood 不等于youth , child 除了指儿童孩子也可以指已经长大的子女，还有幼稚，不会照顾自己的意思。

分析：This translation is clear and understandable, but there are a number of semantic, syntactic, and rhetorical features which impair its acceptability and effectiveness. There is even a problem in connection with the phrase "The Peach Blossom Source" in the title. To most English-speaking persons, source suggests the origin, beginning, or agent for some type of production. It would not suggest in this con-text a spring associated with peach blossoms.The term "advanced" seems somewhat strange in that it normally suggests some kind of opposition (as in a military context). A more natural expression would be "had gone". The phrase "a forest of peach blossoms" seems semotactically unusual. First of all, one would not even speak of a "forest of peach trees," much less a "forest of peach blossoms." The term "forest" suggests a large expanse of trees used for wood or lumber but not for producing fruit.The phrase "several hundred paces" is a perfectly accurate statement of distance, but it is not congruent with the fact that the fisherman was going by boat. The term "paces" would suggest walking.The plural "trees" rather than "tree" is simply a syntactic anomaly.The phrase "scattered in confusion," referring to the falling blossoms, has a connotation of something which is not good or proper. Clearly the text is designed to give an impression of beauty, and therefore it would be far more satisfactory to speak of the fallen blossoms as "blanketing the ground" or "carpeting the ground."Though it is possible to speak of the fisherman being "seized with wonder," the beauty of the scene would suggest a more positive term than "seized," and so the phrase "filled with wonder" would seem connotatively more fitting. In connection with the same problem of connotative fit, it is important to consider the word "creek," which for many English speakers has a pejorative or perhaps neutral connotation. In view of the pleasant circumstances and beauty of the scene, it would seem far more satisfactory to use a term such as "stream," which is normally quite positive in connotation. A term such as "brook" would probably not be satisfactory since it would imply a volume of water insufficient for a fisherman in a boat.The final phrase of the first paragraph, namely, "somewhat lighted," introduces an anomalous feature, since it suggests (without marking to the contrary) that the lighting was artificial, but there is nothing in the context to suggest electricity.The phrase "the mouth of the opening" seems rather unusual in English. The opening has already been identified in the first paragraph, and it would be perfectly appropriate to render the second part of the first sentence of the second paragraph as "walked on in." The use of the term "passage" represents a typical difficulty in using a nominalized verb. Here it does not fit. The term "passage" normally suggests vehicular movement, and so it would be far more satisfactory to translate "barely enough for one person to pass." The phrase "after a few more score steps" isunnatural; English would not normally employ "few more" plus a numerical quantity as attributive to a plural form such as "steps." It would seem far more satisfactory to employ a phrase such as "in less than a hundred steps."The use of the present tense "widens" is not in keeping with the general past tense character. Finally, the phrase "open track" is misleading. The phrase sounds like something involving railroads, but the meaning is probably simply "a wide path."The passive expression "was brought into view" seems rather strange in this context since there was no one who caused this to happen. Furthermore, it would be far better stylistically to introduce what was seen by saying, "He saw a wide plain, dotted with houses ..."A problem of semotaxis is involved in the expression "full of good fields," since this does not fit the context of "a wide plain." One may readily speak of something being "full of something" if the object involved is three-dimensional, but normally this would not be true of a two-dimensional area.In the case of "mulberry" and "bamboo", it would be more appropriate to say "mulberry trees" "and "a bamboo grove" in order to make this expression parallel with "good fields" and "beautiful ponds."The verb "checkered" might well be applied to the impression given by the various fields, but it is hardly an adequate description of the highways and paths. Furthermore, the term "checkered" is somewhat negative in connotation. Therefore, it might be better to translate, "it was crisscrossed with highways and paths." The expressions "cock-crow" and "dog-bark" are literal morphological constructs which violate certain principles of word formation in English. In the story itself, however, the fact that one could hear the crowing of cocks and the barking of dogs is designed to be an important positive element symbolizing the neighborliness of the region. But as a translation of this story for the average American, the fact of being able to hear cocks crow and dogs bark would be a negative feature in such a scene.There is a subtle problem of congruence in the term "plying," since this is normally used in contexts speaking of movements in a boat rather than movement on foot. It may be difficult in this same sentence to understand the reference of "outsiders." Does this mean those outsiders typical of the fisherman from Wuling, or does it really mean that they were dressed in a strange manner as some foreigners might be dressed?The phrase "hanging-hair tresses" would not be normally understood by English-speaking persons, and perhaps some note would be required to indicate this ancient custom of hair dress. The disturbing element in the expression is the term "hanging." Perhaps a more meaningful expression would simply be "old-fashioned hair tresses." But even with this, some footnote might be used.The last word "well-contented" violates normal morphological formations in English and issomewhat redundant, since "well" is not necessary to add to "contented." In this context, however, the adjective "content" is stylistically and syntactically appropriate than the participial form.These comments on some of the translational problems involved in these two paragraphs do not cover all of the difficulties, but they may be sufficient to suggest that in the process of transfer it is far too easy to overlook a number of semantic, syntactic, and rhetorical features.。