Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
一、基础测试
A. 单词拼写
请根据汉语提示或首字母写出单词的正确形式
1. What would happen if there were no __________ (大气层).
2. A bomb was _________ (爆炸) at a gas station this morning and five persons were killed.
3. The government is encouraging the ____________ (发展) of small businesses.
4. Fruit juices can be ________ (有害) to children’s teeth.
5. Because of the ________ (到场) of the famous football star, everyone cheered up.
6. Without o________ animals can’t live.
7. The disease is s__________ quickly, so we must do what we can to stop it.
8. They were d___________ at the result of the game, so they looked unhappy.
9. I didn’t want to tell him the secret but he f_______ me to do so.
10. At first she didn’t like English but g__________ she is in terested in it.
B. 句型转换
根据A句句义，完成B 句,使句义相同或相近。
11. A: Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets which go round the sun.
B: Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets _____
______the sun.
12. A: They multiplied and filled the first oceans and seas with oxygen.
B: They multiplied and the first oceans and seas were _______ _______oxygen.
13. A: Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the sea.
B: Others, ________ ________called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the sea.
14. A: Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space.
B: Last month I was ______ ________ that I had a chance to make a trip into space.
15. A: We visited the moon in our spaceship.
B: We visited the moon _______ ________.
C. 完成句子
16. You will understand my kindness _______ _______ (最终).
17. What he said was quite ________ _________ _______ ________ ________ (与他做的不一样).
18. You are not allowed _______ ________ ________ ________ (在这里踢足球).
19. The boy is _______ the hole ________ ________ (正往洞里灌沙子).
20. When the war ______ ______ (爆发), he was working in the navy.
二、单项填空
21. This painting is splendid, but ________ we actually need it is a different matter.
A. that
B. what
C. whether
D. how
22. you like it or not, you'll have to give up smoking.
A. If
B. Whether
C. How
D. Why
23. They don’t allow ______ here. That is to say, we are not allowed _____ here.
A. to smoke; to smoke
B. smoking; smoking
C. to smoke; smoking
D. smoking; to smoke
24. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received _________Christmas.
A. after
B. in time
C. in time for
D. in no time
25. The way he did it was different _______ we were used to.
A. in which
B. in what
C. from what
D. from which
26. All made possible for China to succeed in carrying on its reforms and open-door policy.
A. what happened; it
B. what happened; that
C. that happened; it
D. that happened; that
27. _______ what you said, he got very angry.
A. Because
B. Because of
C. Since
D. For
28. People will be encouraged to eat healthy food, ________ and to drink less beer and wine.
A. not to smoke
B. don’t smoke
C. not smoke
D. not smoking
29. The teacher as well as a number of students ______ to attend the party yesterday.
A. were asked
B. was asked
C. were asking
D. was asking
30. We need to improve the of our new range of products.
A. look
B. expression
C. appearance
D. outlook
31. Unless you ___________ nature, you are sure to be punished by nature.
A. go against
B. go across
C. go by
D. go over
32. Some policemen were sent there to ___________ the villagers ___________ down the trees.
A. keep; cutting
B. prevent; cutting
C. prevent; to cut
D. stop; to cut
33. I don’t believe that older people are always wiser. It _______ the person and what kind of experiences he or she has had.
A. requires of
B. results from
C. depends on
D. belongs to
34. It’s no use trying to solve problems ________. Talks are the only solution.
A. by the way of war
B. by force
C. by communication
D. by means
35. _______ she is out of a job, Lucy has been considering going back to school, but she hasn’t d ecided yet.
A. Now that
B. Even though
C. No matter how
D. Except that
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出最佳答案。
When we were children, our grandfathers told us the river was called the Pool that Forgets because when anything falls into it, the pool forgets to send it to the 36 again. One time when we were no longer children and not yet man, we seized a hunting dog and took her to the Pool that Forgets. We 37 her into the pool, and we all 38 to see her come up. We waited from morning till evening but 39 never came up. We knew that the 40 had forgotten her.
But this particular day when we were 41 from the raid （袭击）, everyone had taken a trophy (猎获品) 42 my brother. Maybe that was why he was talking when we were whispering and why he 43 to sound as though he had no 44 . My brother was forced to walk behind us. That is —the position of honour and dishonour. As an honour, the 45 men are placed there to 46 us when we return, but sometimes those who have not shown the strength are placed there to be laughed at for 47 . I think my brother 48 this, because as we reached the pool, he ran 49 us. He stopped at the 50 to the gray rock above the pool and stood there with 51 trying to look stronger than he was.
“Heroes of the Only World!” he shouted, “Watch me. I am not 52 the Pool that Forgets.”
And with those words, he dived and 53 into the pool and we saw nothing more. We stared over edge of the 54 . Our eyes staring into the circle of terror (恐惧) produced by 55 .
36. A. surface B. bottom C. bank D. edge
37. A. put B. sent C. brought D. threw
38. A. decided B. waited C. promised D. agreed
39. A. he B. it C. she D. they
40. A. dog B. pool C. children D. me
41. A. setting out B. starting off C. moving on D. returning
42. A. besides B. including C. except D. more than
43. A. tried B. hoped C. learned D. stopped
44. A. worry B. fear C. courage D. wish
45. A. strongest B. weakest C. cleverest D. luckiest
46. A. save B. support C. satisfy D. protect
47. A. poverty B. mistake C. weakness D. carelessness
48. A. understood B. apologized C. guessed D. accepted
49. A. behind B. among C. before D. ahead of
50. A. surface B. edge C. top D. bottom
51. A. a simple B. anger C. pride D. pleasure
52. A. afraid of B. fond of C. proud of D. surprised at
53. A. dropped B. swam C. buried D. disappeared
54. A. pool B. rock C. my brother D. word
55. A. the bunting dog B. my brother
C. the Pool that Forgets
D. our grandfathers
四、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C或D）中，选出最佳选项
A
Memory, they say, is a matter of practice and exercise. If you have the wish and really made a conscious（自觉的）effort, then you can quite easily improve your ability to remember things. But even if you are successful, there are times when your memory seems to play tricks on you.
Sometimes you remember things that really did not happen. One morning last week, for example, I got up and found that I had left the front door unlocked all night, yet I clearly remember locking it carefully the night before.
Memory “trick” work the other way as well. Once in a while you remember not doing something, and then find out that you did. One day last month, for example, I
was sitting in a barber（理发师）shop waiting for my turn to get a haircut, and suddenly I realized that I had got a haircut two days before at the barber shop across the street from my office.
We always seem to find something funny and amusing（有趣的）in incidents caused by people’s for getfulness or absent-mindedness. Stories about absent-minded professors have been told for years, and we never got tired of hearing new ones. Unfortunately, however, absent-mindedness is not always funny. There are times when “trick” of our memory can caus e us great trouble.
56. If you want to have a good memory, .
A. you should force yourself to remember things
B. you should make a conscious effort of practice and exercise
C. you should never stop learning
D. you should try hard to remember tings
57. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. One night the writer forgot to lock the front door.
B. One night the writer forgot having locked the front door.
C. The writer remembered to lock the door.
D. the writer remembered unlocking the front door.
58. From the sentence “We never get tired of hearing new ones”, we can infer that .
A. we enjoy hearing new stories about absent-mindedness of professors
B. we don’t want to know anything more about absent-mindedness of professors
C. we will never get tired of listening to new stories about absent-mindedness
D. absent-mindedness happens not only to professors but to many other people
59. In the passage, the writer seems to tell you .
A. forgetting things is serious and dangerous
B. always forgetting things is understandable
C. forgetting things at times is natural
D. the way to protect yourself from memory “tricks”
60. The best title for this passage is .
A. How to Get a Good Memory
B. “Tricks” Of Memory
C. Forgetfulness and Absent-mindedness is Dangerous
D. Get Rid of Absent-mindedness
B
Everybody has one of those days when everything goes wrong. This is what happened to Harry.
He got up one morning very late because he had forgotten to wind up his alarm clock（闹钟）. He tried to shave（刮脸）quickly and cut himself. When he got dressed he got blood all over his clean shirt, so he had to find another one. The only other shirt that was clean needed ironing（熨）, so he ironed it. While he was ironing it, there was a knock at the door. It was the man to read the electricity meter（表）. He showed him where the meter was, said good-bye and found that the iron had burnt a hole in his shirt. So he had to wear the one with the blood on it after all. By this time it was very late, so he decided he couldn’t go to work by bus. He telephoned for a taxi to take him to work. The taxi arrived and Harry got in and began to read the newspaper.
In another part of the town, a man had killed a woman with a knife and was seen to run away in a t axi. When Harry’s taxi stopped outside his office, a policeman happened to be standing there. He saw the blood on Harry’s shirt, and took him to the police station. He was kept till 3 o’clock in the afternoon before the police were sure that he was not the man they wanted. When he finally arrived at the office at about four, his boss took a look at him and told him to go away and find another job.
61. Harry had .
A. a lucky day
B. an unlucky day
C. a busy day
D. a good day
62. Put the following sentences into correct order according to the passage.
a. The man who read the electricity meter came.
b. Harry ironed his shirt.
c. Harry got blood all over his clean shirt.
d. There was a knock at the door.
e. Harry wore the shirt with blood on it.
A. a, b, c, d, e
B. b, a, d, c, e
C. b, a, c, d, e
D. c, b, d, a, e
63. Why did Harry wear the shirt with blood on it?
A. He had only one shirt.
B. The only other needed ironing.
C. The iron had burnt a hole in his clean shirt.
D. He cut himself and got blood all over his shirt.
64. Harry was taken to the police station because .
A. his taxi stopped outside his office and a policeman happened to be there
B. there was blood on his shirt and he was in a taxi
C. a man killed a woman with a knife
D. the murderer(杀人犯) was seen to run a away in a taxi
65. His boss told him to go away and find another job because .
A. he had been kept by the police
B. there was blood on his shirt
C. he was late for work
D. he had killed a woman
C
The food we eat seems to have a great effect on our health. Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives（添加剂）caused cancer.
Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappings（包装）of foods are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to their animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of cows. Sometimes similar tings are supplied to
animals not for their health, but just to make a profit.
The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market. Although some countries have tried to control such things, the practice continues.
66. According to this passage, we can know .
A. perhaps most of human illness is caused by what we eat
B. perhaps most kinds of cancer are related to what people eat
C. cancer was discovered in 1945
D. science has made food unfit to eat
67. Things that are used to keep colours in meats are .
A. harmful
B. useless
C. helpless
D. dangerous
68. All the additives .
A. are bright and colourless
B. are not bright and colourful
C. have indirect effects on our health
D. have direct effects on our health
69. People use additives .
A. to make food more unfit to eat
B. to improve the colour and taste of the food
C. to change colour of the food
D. to take off the diseases of the food
70. Which of the following is not true?
A. Some wrappings of food are harmful.
B. Farmers try to make more money on the market by fattening their animals.
C. “The practice continues” means “things are still going on like that”.
D. We needn’t take care of what we eat.
D
At first, the earth’s surface layer（层）was made up of huge blocks of hard, solid rocks. Then slowly, there rocks broke up into smaller and smaller pieces. Finally
stones, pebble（卵石）and grains of sand were formed. Many sorts of plants and animals lived and died on the surface of the earth. Their remains mixed up with the stones, pebbles and formed soil. The outmost layer of the earth is soil.
There are many ways in which large pieces of rock break into smaller ones. Wind, water, heat and cold help to break up rocks. When winds blow grains of sand against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away. These leave holes and crack（裂缝）in the rock, which become bigger and finally the rock breaks up into smaller pieces.
The moving water of streams and rivers also help to break up rocks. As the water moves along, it carries with it small pieces of rock. These rub the larger ones. Thus, the larger rocks are worn down to smaller pieces.
The heat of the sun is also helpful to breaking up rocks. When the sun shines, the rocks become very hot. If these rocks are suddenly cooled, they may crack. Ice also plays a part in making soil. Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather. As this happens, it becomes bigger and the cracks become wider, and finally break into smaller pieces.
71. According to the passage, soil .
A. forms very slowly
B. is a mixture of stones, pebbles and sand
C. make up the layers of the earth
D. is becoming smaller and smaller
72. How many factors are mentioned in helping the forming of soil?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. More than five.
73. Which of the following speeds up the breaks of rocks most?
A. Hot weather.
B. Cold water.
C. Sharp changes in temperature.
D. More dead plants in the cracks.
74. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The remains of many plants of animals formed soil.
B. If a large rock never moves, it will never break up.
C. Even if a large rock never moves, it will break up.
D. Ice in the cracks helps to break up rocks
75. The best title for this passage should be .
A. Soil from Rocks
B. Ways to Break up Rocks
C. Soil on the Earth
D. Soil, Outmost Layer of the Earth
E
Do you know that you can use your watch as compass（指南针）on a sunny day? Look at the watch which is on your hand and point the hour hand in the direction of the sun. Imagine a line which runs from the center of the watch through a point halfway between the hour hand and number one. This line will point south.
In the northern half of the earth the sun is in the south at noon. In our country the real noon is one o’clock. If at that time we point the hour hand at the sun, the hour hand and number one will point south. That’s why you must imagine a line which wi ll run from the center of the watch through a point halfway between the hour hand and number one. It will point south.
If you are in the southern part of our planet, you must point number 12 at the sun. The line which you can imagine between number twelve and the hour hand will then show north.
76. The sun is in the south at noon .
A. in any country in the world
B. in the north of the equator
C. in the south of the globe
D. in some northern places of the earth
77. In the northern half of the earth, if we point the hour hand at the sun at one o’clock then .
A. the minute hand shows north
B. the hour hand shows north
C. number one shows north
D. number twelve shows north
78. If the people in the southern part of the earth point 12 at the sun at 5 o’clock, the minute hand shows .
A. west by north
B. north by west
C. north by east
D. east by north
79. What do you think of the story?
A. It’s interesting. But sometimes it doesn’t work.
B. It’s impossible. I don’t like it.
C. It’s useful. But it isn’t interesting.
D. It’s great. But it isn’t helpful.
五、书面表达
请写一篇短文，阐述水在人们生活及工业中的重要性。
1、没有水，人与动物怎么办？
2、缺水问题越来越严重。原因是人口增长；工、农业发展；污染。
3、应采取措施，解决缺水问题；充分利用；避免污染；净化雨水或海水。
词数：100左右
生词：净化purify；缺水water shortage；污染pollute；采取措施take measures
参考答案及重点解析
一、基础测试
A. 单词拼写
1. atmosphere
2. exploded
3. development
4. harmful
5. presence
6. oxygen
7. spreading 8.disappointed 9. forced 10. gradually
B. 句型转换
11. going round 12. filled with 13. which were 14. so lucky 15. by spaceship
C. 完成句子
16. in time 17. different from what he did 18. to play football here 19. filling, with sand 20. broke out
二、单项填空
21—25 CBDCC 26—30 CBABC 31—35 CBCBA
重点解析：
21. 选择名词性从句的连接词要从一下两点入手：1)连接词是否有词义；2)连接词是否在从句中担当句子成分。题干中的主语从句中，主语、谓语和宾语齐全，故排除B项；从句意来看，不需要方式状语，排除D项；从句意来看，该连接词表示“是否”的意思，故选C项。
22. whether引导让步状语从句。
23. allow后接动名词作宾语；接动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。
24. in time (最终；及时)和in no time (立刻；马上)后不可接名词；after不符合句意和逻辑；in time for sth /to do sth的意思是“来得及；几时”：Will we be in time for the six o’clock train?我们来得及赶上六点的那趟火车吗？
25. 依据短语be different from排除A、B项；宾语从句中需要表示“…的”的连接词，故选C。
26. all应该接that引导的定语从句，排除A、B项；依据“make + it +adj. /n.+ to do sth / that-clause”确定答案为C。句意为：所有发生的这一切使中国能够继续贯彻改革开放的政策。
28. 此句用了encourage sb to do结构，且有三个并列的动词不定式短语：to eat …,
not to smoke, to drink …。句意是：要鼓励人们吃保健食品，不要吸烟，要少喝啤酒与白酒。
29. 从句意可知，该句应该用被动语态，排除C、D项；A as well as B; A together B; A besides B; A rather than B; A including B等结构后所跟的谓语动词在人称和数上应与A保持一致。故选B。
30. 句意为：我们需要提高新产品的外包装。
31. 此题A项干扰性较强，如果用go against，必须将unless换成if。go against 意为“违反”；go by sth意为“遵循（或依照）某事物”、“以某事物来判断”。正确答案为C。unless you go by nature =if you don’t go by nature。
33. 全句意思为：我并不相信年龄大的人总是英明的，这取决于人以及他或她的经历。
34. way之前用介词in表示“用…方法”，排除A项；如果选用C项，句意与后一句不一致；故选B，by force意为：通过武力；强行。
三、完形填空
36—40 ADBCB 41—45 DCABA 46—50 DCADB 51—55 CADBC
重点解析：
36. 指水面。
38. 从结构和意义上看都应选此答案。
39. she和her人称一致。
41. 从后文看他们在返回的途中。
42. 从后面他的表现看，他没有猎取到任何东西。
44. 弟弟竭力装出有胆量的样子。
45. 最强壮的人在后面以防后面有野兽袭击。
49. 弟弟理解这一点，把他放在后面是因为嘲笑他，所以他突然跑到前面。51. with pride意为“自豪”的。
四、阅读理解
56—60 BADCB 61—65 BDCBC 66—70 AACBD 71—75 ACCBA 76—79 BBAA
重点解析：
56. 根据第一节前两句我们知道记忆能力的培养是一个有意识的练习过程。
57.本题是一个直接题，依据在第二节Sometimes you remember things that really did not happen.。
59. 全文中没有对遗忘现象提出很多的责怪，即认为是自然的现象。
61.根据故事第一句话可选准答案。根据全文可进一步证实答案的准确性。
62.本题考查细节理解及思维的顺序性，须按动作发生的先后排列。
63.答案依据为第二段倒数第四、五句。
64. 一男人持刀杀人后乘出租车逃跑，恰巧Harry乘坐出租车且衬衣上有血迹，警察自然怀疑其为凶手。
65. Harry从警察局出来时，已弄清他不是凶手，故可排除D。按常识，老板解雇他是因为他上班迟到。
66. 文章第一段提到“… eighty percent of human illness is related to food…”.
67. 文章第一段最后一句。
68. 文中提到“The additives which we eat are not all so direct.”
71. 从文章前一段内容知土壤的形成是很慢的。
73从文章最后一段内容可知，温度的急剧变化加速了岩石的粉碎。
76. 句意理解题。根据In the northern half of the earth. The sun is in the south at noon,可得出该题的答案为B。
77. 该题为地理方位辨别题。理解文中时针在不同半球，不同时间所指方向汪同，就可正确选出B为该题答案。
五、书面表达
One possible version,
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without water. Water is very important to all living things. There would be no life without water.
Water shortage has become a serious problem. One reason for this is that the growing population and the development of industry and agriculture need much more water. Another is that water is being wasted in some areas.
Therefore, measures must be taken to solve this problem. First of all, we must
make good use of water and avoid polluting it. In addition, we can get useful water through purifying rain water or sea water.
单元综合测评一 Unit 1Friendship (时间：100分钟满分：120分) 温馨提示：1.第Ⅰ卷答案写在答题卡上，第Ⅱ卷书写在试卷上；交卷前请核对班级、姓名、考号。2.本场考试时间为100分钟，注意把握好答题时间。3.认真审题，仔细作答，永远不要以粗心为借口原谅自己。 第Ⅰ卷选择题部分(共80分) 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节：单项填空(共20 小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分) 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 1．________ all the figures to see how much they ________. A．Add; add up to B．Add up; add up to C．Add up; add up D．Add; add to 解析：考查固定搭配。add up把……加起来；add up to加起来总共是。 答案：B 2．—What's the matter with Rod? —I think he's still ________ that we forgot his birthday. A．unfair B．stubborn C．reliable D．upset 解析：答句句意：我想他还在因为我们忘记了他的生日而不高兴。upset难过的，符合题意。 答案：D 3．—So you didn't say “hello” to him last night? —Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he ________ me and walked on. A．ignored B．refused C．denied D．missed 解析：考查动词辨析。ignore不理会；refuse拒绝；deny否定；miss错过，想念。 答案：A 4．Don't be nervous! Keep ________ even when you are in the face of danger. A．still B．calm C．silent D．quiet
高一英语必修一单词表（人教版）Unit 1 1.survey n.调查；测验 2.add up合计 3.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 4.ignore v.不理睬；忽视 5.calm vt.&vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定adj.平静的；镇定的；沉着的 6.calm...down（使）平静下来 7.have got to不得不；必须 8.concern vt.（使）担心；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系 9.be concerned about关心；挂念 10.walk the dog 遛狗 11.loose adj 松的；松开的 12.vet n.兽医 13.go through经历；经受 14.Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） https://www.doczj.com/doc/a9695292.html,herlands 荷兰（西欧国家） 16.Jewish 犹太人的；犹太族的 17.German 德国的；德国人的；德语的。 18.Nazi n.纳粹党人adj. 纳粹党的 19.set down记下；放下；登记 20.series n.连续，系列 21.a series of一连串的；一系列；一套 22.outdoors adv.在户外；在野外 23.spellbind vt.（ spellbound,spellbound）迷住；疑惑 24.on purpose故意 25.in order to为了 26.dusk n.黄昏傍晚 27.at dusk在黄昏时刻 28.thunder vi 打雷雷鸣n. 雷，雷声 29.entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 30.entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 31.power n.能力；力量；权力。 32.face to face面对面地 33.curtain n.窗帘；门帘；幕布 34.dusty adj 积满灰尘的 35.no longer /not?any longer不再 36.partner n.伙伴．合作者．合伙人 37.settle n.安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解决 38.suffer vt. &遭受；忍受经历 39.suffer from遭受；患病 40.loneliness n.孤单寂寞 41.highway n.公路
高中英语必修一课后答案 【高一英语必修1 Unit 3 Travel Journal 课本答案及解析】 答案不重要，学到知识才重要。 【P20】 Ex.1 1. persuade; 2. determined; 3. is fond of; 4. cares about; 5. prefer; 6. organized; 7. fare; 8. cycle Ex.2 1. give in 2. liked; better 3. determined; 4 item; 5. Journey; 6. Journal; 7. shorting; 8. made up his mind Ex.3 glacier, valley, waterfall, rapids, plain, delta
【P56】 Ex.1 1. bend (v.); bend(n.) 2. view (n.); view (v.) 3. flows (v.); flow (n.) 4. transport (v.); transport (n.) 5. forecast (v.); forecast (n.) 6. pace (n.); pace (v.) Ex.2 graduated, schedule, attitude, forecast, As usual, insurance, parcels Ex.3 1. It was midnight when he found the cave. 2. On that mountain lies a temple at an altitude of more than 3,000 metres above sea level.
第7课时 基因的自由组合定律 学习目标 阐明基因的自由组合定律。 |基础知识| 一、两对相对性状的杂交实验 1．两对相对性状分别由两对遗传因子决定 粒色由Y 、y 因子决定，粒形由R 、r 因子决定。则纯种黄色圆粒的遗传因子组成为YYRR ，纯种绿色皱粒的遗传因子组成为yyrr 。 2．形成配子时，成对的遗传因子分离，不成对的遗传因子自由组合，彼此独立，互不干扰 (1)亲本产生的配子类型 ? ?? 黄色圆粒亲本产生的配子：YR 绿色皱粒亲本产生的配子：yr F 1基因型为YyRr ，表现型为黄色圆粒 (2)F 1产生的配子类型及比例 雌配子：YR∶Yr∶yR∶yr＝1∶1∶1∶1 雄配子：YR∶Yr∶yR∶yr＝1∶1∶1∶1 3．受精时，雌雄配子随机结合 (1)F 1配子的组合方式16种。 (2)F 2基因型9种。 (3)F 2表现型4种：黄圆∶黄皱∶绿圆∶绿皱＝9∶3∶3∶1。 三、对自由组合现象解释的验证——测交
四、基因的自由组合定律 在减数分裂形成配子时，一个细胞中同源染色体上的等位基因彼此分离，非同源染色体上的非等位基因则自由组合。 |自查自纠| (1)F2中有2种亲本类型，为黄色圆粒和绿色皱粒，另2种为重组类型，即黄色皱粒和绿色圆粒( ) (2)F1(YyRr)产生的YR卵细胞和YR精子数量之比为1∶1() (3)形成配子时，同源染色体上的等位基因分离、非等位基因自由组合( ) (4)基因自由组合定律是指F1产生的4种类型的精子和卵细胞可以自由组合( ) 答案(1)√(2)×(3)×(4)× |图解图说| ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
人教版高中英语单词表必修一 Unit 1 单词表 △survey /'s?:vei/ n. 调查；测验 add up 合计 upset ：[?p'set] adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt. (upset,upset) 使不安；使心烦 ignore /iɡ'n?:/ vt. 不理睬；忽视 calm /kɑ:m/ vt. & vi. （使）平静；（使）镇定adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 calm (…) down （使）平静下来；（使）镇定下来have got to 不得不；必须 concern /k?n's?:n/ vt. （使）担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系 be concerned about 关心；挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose /lu:s/ adj. 松的；松开的 △vet /vet/ n. 兽医go through 经历；经受 △Amsterdam /?mst?'d?m/n. 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） Netherlands /'nee?l?ndz/ n. 荷兰（西欧国家）△Jewish /'d?u(:)i?/ adj. 犹太人的；犹太族的German /'d??:m?n/ adj.德国的；德国人的；德语的 n.德国人；德语 △Nazi /'nɑ:tsi/ n.纳粹党人adj.纳粹党的 set down 记下；放下；登记 series /'si?ri:z/ n. 连续；系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 △Kitty /'kiti/ n. 基蒂（女名） outdoors /'aut'd?:z/ adv. 在户外；在野外 △spellbind /'spelbaind/ vt. (spellbound, spellbound) 迷住；迷惑 on purpose 故意 in order to 为了……
第一单元 A Animal Friendly Camps for Children SPCA(Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals)camps are the best choice for the children who love animals. Campers enjoy a unique learning experience with our furry friends during these one-week sessions． At San Diego’ s Animal Adventure Camp，younger campers enjoy a wide range of exposure to animals and a dose of life lessons as well ．Pets are played with inside a“ ，safety” formationcicle where kids sit with each knee touching a neighbor’s．Children then wait to be approached， learning the animals should come to them as opposed to chasing the animals and causing them stress． Then campers create one-of-a-kind toys for their favorite pups ． New Hampshire SPCA Summer Camp includes the Animal Advocates — Campers Picks program．Kids choose an animal to help it be adopted ．They get to know it ，its personality ，and get the word out ． Cage signs are lovingly made and hung and campers advocate for the animal all week． Then， when the animal finds a home ， the entire camp celebrates． Campers of all ages interact closely with horses at the MSPCA at Nevins Farm Children’ s C in Methuen ， Massachusetts． Set on a 40-acre farm with a working barn ， the program introduces rescue training and the equipment used to transport an injured animal into an emergency vehicle to campers of all ages． This is many children’first time interacting with large animals and it is thanks to the MSPCA's scholarship program ． Westchester SPCA Critter Camp in Briarcliff Manor ， New York keeps kids busy all day． In addition to attending an animal cruelty workshop ， campers create Adopt Me flyers for the sheltered dog or cat they like most’d to find a home ． Then it ’ s timetopost them around their neighborhood and do some legwork ． There ’also crafting cat toys， baking dog biscuits and painting pictures to brighten things up in the dog farm． 1． What can children learn at San Diego ’ s Animal Adventure Camp? A ． How to approach animals ．B． How to feed animals ． C． How to take care of animals ．D． How to get along with animals ．
二、单项填空(共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) 16. ----- Would you take this along to the office for me? ----- . A. With pleasure. B. That's right. C. Never mind. D. Don't mention it. 17. I know you don't like____ music very much. But what do you think of_____ music in the film we saw yesterday? A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；the 18. As you can see, the number of cars______ on our roads rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 19. The weather turned out to be rainy yesterday, I ______my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn't have taken D. mustn't have taken 20. In an hour, we can travel to places ______would have taken our ancestors（祖先）days to reach. A. where B. when C. which D. what 21. Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ______fresh for several days. A. hold B. turn C. stay D. last 22.______ lots of trees and flowers planted everywhere, the city looks more beautiful. A. As B. For C. With D. Though 23. ______ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Though D. As if 24. He looks much heavier; he must have ______several kilos. A. worked out B. recovered from C. taken in D. put on 25. I don't understand why he _______faults with me. I've done my best. A. finds B. found C. is always finding D. will find 26. I won't call you ______ something unexpected happens. A. unless B. whether C. because D. while 27. If you follow the above suggestions, you will look and feel much better ________ at all! A. in secret B. in no time C. like crazy D. at present
高一地理必修二教案 【篇一：高中地理必修二教案】 高中地理必修二 1.1 人口的数量变化 一、三维目标 知识与技能： 1、了解人口数量变化在时间和空间上的差异。 2、了解人口增长模式类型及其转变。理解二战以后世界人口迅速增长的原因 3、掌握人口增长模式的判断方法。 过程与方法： 1、通过读图分析讨论，让学生归纳不同时期人口增长的特征和不同地区人口增长的差异，理解相应国家不同的人口政策。 2、讲解人口增长模式含义，借助图表案例等分析讨论，让学生归纳三种人口增长模式的特征及差异，引导学生对不同人口增长模式的形成转变进行分析。 情感、态度与价值观： 通过学习帮助学生树立正确的人口观 二、教学重点 1、理解人口数量增长在时间和空间上的差异及其成因。 2、理解三种人口增长模式的特点和转变的原因。 三、教学难点人口增长模式的转变。 四、教具准备多媒体课件 五、课时安排 2课时 六、教学过程 第一课时 新课导入：通过世界60亿人口日和中国13亿人口日图片导入第一个标题—人口的自然增长。板书：一、人口的自然增长 （教师展示材料一，让学生明确自然增长数与自然增长率的关系；自然增长率与出生率、死亡率的关系。） 材料一：人口出生率＝出生人口/总人口 人口死亡率＝死亡人口/总人口 人口自然增长率是指一定时期内人口自然增长数（出生人数减死亡人数）与该时期内平均人口数之比，通常以年为单位计算。
人口自然增长率＝出生率－死亡率 教师讲解：当人口出生率大于死亡率时，人口自然增长率为正值；当人口死亡率大于出生率时，人口自然增长率为负值。因此，一个地区人口的自然增长是由出生率和死亡率共同决定的。 过渡：下面我们从时间角度分析世界人口数量变化的趋势是怎样的呢？为什么会这样呢？板书：1、人口自然增长的时间变化 （引导学生读课本图1.2和图1.3，让学生分析） 教师首先让学生说出阅读地理曲线统计图的一般步骤和方法，然后总结归纳： 1、读图名。 2、读各个坐标分别表示什么变量（两图横坐标均表示时间，纵坐标均为相应时期人口数）。 3、判读图形变化特征（两图中曲线曲率的变化反映对应时段内人口自然增长率的大小）。 4、思考变量之间的因果关系（两图均反映不同历史时期世界人口数量增长的不同特点）。问：世界人口数量变化的总趋势是什么？（让学生结合课本p2读图思考题，分析回答同时让学生阅读课本图1.3，在图1.2中找出图 1.3所在的时段，指导学生自学p3第一段，让学生分析近100年全球人口快速增长的原因。 教师提问：从以上计算结果中，你得到什么信息和启发？ 学生思考回答，师生总结：人口自然增长的数量受人口自然增长率和人口基数大小共同影响；由于人口基数增大，虽然自然增长率下降，但每年人口增长的数量不一定下降。 过渡：就整个世界而言，人口的自然增长在不同历史时期表现出不同的特点，那么在同一历史时期的不同国家或地区，人口自然增长的特点是否相同呢？ 板书：2、人口自然增长的空间变化 （引导学生阅读课本p3图1.4）让学生读图，思考下列问题：（1）2000年，各大洲按人口由多到少的排序是？（亚非欧拉北美大洋洲） （2）2000年与1950比，人口增长数由多到少的排序？（亚非拉欧北美大洋洲） （3）计算50年来各大洲人口的年平均自然增长率。（非拉亚大洋洲北美欧）
人教版高一英语必修一语法归纳 以下是小编整理的高一必修一英语人教版语法归纳希望可以帮助大家，把语法进行归纳。 Unit 1 1. 词组: add up 合计 add up to 总计达 add… to…把。。加到。。。里 add to 增加增添扩建 2. calm… down 平静下来 3. have got to 不得不，必须 4. be concerned about / for 关心 5. walk the dog 遛狗 cheat … of 欺骗。。 6. go through 穿过完成用完通过仔细检查 go ahead 同意某人的请求go by 流逝 7. set down 记下 set up 建立 set off 出发引爆 set out to do=set about doing 着手做某事 8. a series of 一系列 9. on purpose 故意地 by accident= chance 偶然地 10. in order to= so as to 为了目的是in order that = so that 11. at dusk 在黄昏 at dawn 在黎明 at midnight 在午夜 at noon 在中午 12. face to face 面对面 13. no longer= not … any longer 不再 14. settle down 安顿下来 suffer from 遭受,患病 15. recover from 恢复 ,痊愈 16. get/ be tired of 对…感到厌烦 17. make a list of 列清单 18. pack… up 装箱打包 19. get along/ on with与…相处,/ 进展 20. fall in love 爱上
《牛津高中英语》Module 1 综合测试（二） 第一部分：听力理解（共15题，每小题1分，共15分） 第一节（共5题，每小题1分，共5分） 听下面五段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What are the speakers talking about? A. Studying. B. Driving. C. Traffic. 2. What do we know about the speaker? A. They need more empty bottles. B. They sell wines. C. They are holding a party. 3. How much extra will the man spend for a registered mail? A. 30. B. 45. C. 75. 4. Where most probably is Tony now? A. At a bank. B. At his office. C. At a barbershop. 5. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Doctor and patient. B. Professor and student. C. Classmates. 第二节（共10题，每小题1分，共10分） 听下面十段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7 题。 6. How will the parcel be sent? A. By surface B. By airmail C. By surface airlifted 7. How much is the postage? A. 410 B. 2000 C. 3000 听第7段材料，回答第8至9 题。 8. What is the man’s most important online activity? A. Surfing the Net B. Shopping C. Chatting 9. How does the man feel about talking online? A. Easier B. Cheaper C. Safer 听第8段材料，回答第10至11 题。 10. How does the girl feel at the beginning of the conversation? A. Relaxed B. Mad C. Upset 11. What can we learn about Lucy? A. She’s a troublemaker. B. She’s from a rich family. C. She isn’t getting on with others. 听第9段材料，回答第12至13题。 12. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A dangerous experience. B. A kind of sport. C. A big challenge. 13. What is the main challenge of the activity? A. People’s experience. B. People’s courage. C. Its difficulty. 听第10段材料，回答第14至15 题。 14. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. Pollution. B. Human voice. C. Good old days. 15. What is the main purpose of the speech? A. To explain scientific knowledge. B. To call on people to act. C. To introduce a saying. 第二部分：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 16. ______ it is to go for a hike in such lovely weather! A. How fun B. How funny C. What fun D. What a fun 17. Most things ________ having never come easy. A. need B. require C. worth D. deserve 18. A: If our parents would listen more to us, they would understand us better. B: ______. They just expect us to listen to them. A. Good idea B. No problem C. I believe not D. I can’t agree more 19. Everyone fails now and then. It is how you react that makes a big . A. achievement B. difference C. progress D. point 20. A: ______did the teacher give you much advice? B: How to study English. A. What B. In what C. On what D. For what 21. Andy Lau is _______ a singer. He’s also a good actor in both movies and TV plays. A. much as B. more like C. less than D. more than 22. Has his girlfriend never asked for the reason ______ may explain his coming late? A. that B. for which C. why D. of which 23. Do you happen to know the professor in ______ hometown we spent a whole week? A. that B. which C. whom D. whose 24. A: Is that the machine you ______ yesterday? B: Yes, I asked Peter to repair it. A. had it repaired B. repaired it C. had repaired it D. had repaired 25. A: Nancy doesn’t look very well. What’s wr ong with her? B: She has a terrible headache because she ______ too long. She should stop to have a good rest. A. has been writing B. had written C. is writing D. was writing 26. With all the clothes he needed ______, Jane went to see her grandfather in hospital. A. washed B. washing C. being washed D. to be washed 27. To our surprise, the missing suitcase ______, completely empty, near our office building the next morning. A. found out B. turned up C. got back D. recovered from 28. The students expected _____ to be more reviewing lessons before the mid-term examinations. A. it B. there C. that D. one
第一章物质结构元素周期律 第一节元素周期表 背景资料 文本资料：《走进新课程》、《教材完全解读》（必修2）、《教科书化学必修2》 学习目标 知识与技能： 能描述元素周期表的结构。 过程与方法： 了解元素原子核外电子排布. 情感态度与价值观： 通过对原子结构的初步认识，树立对立统一的观点，知道有关元素、核素、同位素的涵义及其简单的计算。 探究1：Na、K燃烧和与水反应的比较，卤素之间的置换： 实验前教师先准备好学生的实验报告，要求学生在预习时完成“实验名称、实验目的、实验所需药品和装置、实验操作步骤”，讨论该实探究的要点和目的。该实验有一定危险性必须要注意安全问题。 探究2：Na、Mg、Al与水、酸反应的比较： 实验前教师先准备好学生的实验报告，要求学生在预习时完成“实验名称、实验目的、实验所需药品和装置、实验操作步骤”，讨论该实探究的要点和目的。该实验中Mg与水的反应用酚酞显红色验证生成了碱，说服力不强，建议用食盐水代替水反应，学生可以看到明显的白色沉淀，再用酚酞检验，更有说服力。 的反应： 探究3：Na与Cl 2 此实验比较简单，但是学生仍难以从中理解离子键，建议同时用动画等多媒体来让学生更加直观的认识离子键的本质。 基础知识梳理 一、元素周期表 1、1869年，门捷列夫根据相对原子质量的顺序制出第一张元素周期表。
2、原子序数与原子结构之间的关系：原子序数 = 核电荷数 = 质子数 = 核外电子数 3、 (1)周期序数 = 电子层数。周期序数用阿拉伯数字表示。 (2)元素周期表目前有7个周期。 第1、2、3周期称为短周期，分别含有2、8、8种元素；第4、5、6周期称为长周期，分别含有18、18、32种元素；第7周期称为不完全周期。 4、 (1)元素周期表有18个纵行，称为族，共16个族。族序数用罗马数字表示。 (2)元素周期表中含有7个主族(ⅠA族~ⅦA族)、7个副族(ⅢB族~ⅦB族、ⅠB族~ⅡB族)、1个第Ⅷ族(三个纵行)和1个0族(稀有气体)。 (3)主族元素族序数 = 最外层电子数。 (4)稀有气体元素化学性质不活泼，很难与其他物质发生化学反应，把它们的化合价定为0，因而叫做0族。 二、元素的性质与电子结构 1、碱金属（ⅠA）元素：锂(3Li)、钠(11Na)、钾(19K)、铷(37Rb)、铯(55Cs)、钫(87Fr) (1)原子结构 同：最外层均为1个电子 异：电子层数依次增多，核电荷数依次增多，原子半径依次增大 (2)元素性质 同：均为活泼金属元素，最高正价均为+1价 异：失电子能力依次增强，金属性依次增强 (3)单质性质 同：均为强还原性（均与O2、X2等非金属反应，均能与水反应生成碱和氢气。），银白色，均具轻、软、易熔的特点 异：与水（或酸）反应置换出氢依次变易，还原性依次增强，密度趋向增大，熔沸点依次降低，硬度趋向减小 (4)化合物性质 同：氢氧化物都是强碱。过氧化物M2O2具有漂白性，均与水反应产生O2； 异：氢氧化物的碱性依次增强。 注：①Li比煤油轻，故不能保存在煤油中，而封存在石蜡中。 ②Rb，Cs比水重，故与水反应时，应沉在水底。 ③与O2反应时，Li为Li2O；Na可为Na2O，Na2O2；K，Rb，Cs的反应生成物更复杂。 2、卤族（ⅦA）元素：氟(9F)、氯(17Cl)、溴(35Br)、碘(53I)、砹(85At) A. 相似性 (1)卤素原子最外层都有七个电子，易得到一个电子形成稀有气体元素的稳定结构，因此卤素的负价均为－1价。氯、溴、碘的最高正价为+7价，有的还有+1、+3、+5价，其最高价氧化物及水化物的化学式通式分别为X2O7和 HXO4(F除外)。 (2)卤族元素的单质： ①均为双原子分子(X2)；
人教版高一英语必修1单词表 Unit 1 1.survey 调查；测验 2.add up 合计 3.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 4.ignore不理睬；忽视 5.calm vt.&vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定adj.平静的；镇定的；沉着的calm...down（使）平静下来 6.have got to 不得不；必须 7.concern（使）担心；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系 8.be concerned about 关心；挂念 9.walk the dog 溜狗 10.loose adj 松的；松开的 11.vet 兽医 12.go through 经历；经受 13.Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） https://www.doczj.com/doc/a9695292.html,herlands 荷兰（西欧国家） 15.Jewish 犹太人的；犹太族的 16.German 德国的；德国人的；德语的。 17.Nazi 纳粹党人adj. 纳粹党的 18.set down 记下；放下；登记 19.series 连续，系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 20.outdoors在户外；在野外 21.spellbind 迷住；疑惑 22.on purpose 故意 23.in order to 为了 24.dusk 黄昏傍晚at dusk 在黄昏时刻 25.thunder vi 打雷雷鸣n. 雷，雷声 26.entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 27.entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 28.power能力；力量；权力。 29.face to face 面对面地 30.curtain 窗帘；门帘；幕布 31.dusty adj 积满灰尘的 32.no longer /not …any longer 不再 33.partner 伙伴．合作者．合伙人 34.settle 安家；定居；停留vt 使定居；安排；解决 35.suffer vt &遭受；忍受经历suffer from 遭受；患病 36.loneliness 孤单寂寞 37.highway公路 38.recover痊愈；恢复 39.get/be tired of 对…厌烦 40.pack捆扎；包装打行李n 小包；包裹pack （sth ）up 将（东西）装箱打包
高一英语必修一第二单元测试题及答案（一）词汇练习 1．从每题中找出与划线部分意义最近得选项 1. The officer commanded his men to fire at the enemies. A. told B. ordered C. taught D. asked 2. The teacher always sets high standards for his students. A. a test which is difficult B. a level of quality that is considered acceptable. C. an order that must be obeyed D. a plan which is worked out 3. The “information” is actually very often “misinformation”. A. almost B. always C. hardly D. in fact 4. The poem is written in Scottish dialect. A. a kind of animal B. a piece of music C. a form of language D. a kind of words 5. He speaks with a German accent. A. a particular way of pronouncing words B. a kind of sound C. a beautiful voice D. a piece of music 6. The Radio City Music Hall is about 4 blocks from here. A. a lot of streets B. a group of buildings C. all kinds of parks D. a group of roads 7. He refused to recognize that he was wrong. A. know B. receive C. any D. admit 8. Please read the directions before you take the medicine. A. introductions B. instructions C. rules D. standards
复习资料 第一章 物质结构 元素周期律 一、元素周期表的结构 周期序数＝核外电子层数 主族序数＝最外层电子数 原子序数 ＝ 核电荷数 ＝ 质子数 ＝ 核外电子数 1、2、3周期） 周期：7个（共七个横行） 周期表 长周期（第4、5、6、7周期） 主族7个：ⅠA-ⅦA 族：16个（共18个纵行副族7个：IB-ⅦB 第Ⅷ族1个（3个纵行） 零族（1个）稀有气体元素 二．元素的性质和原子结构 （一）碱金属元素： １．原子结构 相似性：最外层电子数相同，都为_______个 递变性：从上到下，随着核电核数的增大，电子层数增多 ２．碱金属化学性质的相似性： 4Li + O 2 Li 2O 2Na + O 2 Na 2O 2 2 Na + 2H 2O ＝ 2NaOH + H 2↑ 2K + 2H 2O ＝ 2KOH + H 2↑ 2R + 2 H 2O ＝ 2 ROH + H 2 ↑ 产物中，碱金属元素的化合价都为＋１价。 结论：碱金属元素原子的最外层上都只有_______个电子，因此，它们的化学性质相似。 ３．碱金属化学性质的递变性： 递变性：从上到下（从Li 到Cs ），随着核电核数的增加，碱金属原子的电子层数逐渐增多，原子核对最外层电子的引力逐渐减弱，原子失去电子的能力增强，即金属性逐渐增强。所以从Li 到Cs 的金属性逐渐增强。 结论：１）原子结构的递变性导致化学性质的递变性。 ２）金属性强弱的判断依据：与水或酸反应越容易，金属性越强；最高价氧化物对应的水化物（氢氧化物）碱性越强，金属性越强。 ４．碱金属物理性质的相似性和递变性： 1）相似性：银白色固体、硬度小、密度小（轻金属）、熔点低、易导热、导电、有展性。 2）递变性（从锂到铯）：①密度逐渐增大（K 反常） ②熔点、沸点逐渐降低 3）碱金属原子结构的相似性和递变性，导致物理性质同样存在相似性和递变性。 小结：碱金属原子结构的相似性和递变性，导致了碱金属化学性质、物理性质的相似性和递变性。 递变性：同主族从上到下，随着核电核数的增加，电子层数逐渐_______，原子核对最外层电子的引力逐渐________，原子失去电子的能力________，即金属性逐渐_______。 （二）卤族元素： １．原子结构 相似性：最外层电子数相同，都为_________个 递变性：从上到下，随着核电核数的增大，电子层数增多 ２．卤素单质物理性质的递变性：（从Ｆ2到Ｉ2） （１）卤素单质的颜色逐渐加深；（２）密度逐渐增大；（３）单质的熔、沸点升高 3．卤素单质与氢气的反应： Ｘ2 ＋ H 2 ＝ 2 HX 点燃 点燃