A Contrastive Study of British and American
Characters And Its Implications
Zhang Tingting
Abstract: This paper is to have a contrastive study of British and American Characters and Implications. The author firstly give us a general Introduction of British and American characters, secondly introduce British and American characters apartly, then summarize the diffreences between British and American characters, and finally tell us the implications of this Study. England and America are all great powers in the world. The chance we contact with them are also frequent. Through this article, we can deedly see the similarities and differences between them.
Key words: contrastive study; British character; American character; implications
1.Introduction
National character, as a common national psychological quality, refers to a psychological state which is condensed during the process of the formation and development of each nation and manifested in characteristics of the national culture". The forming of a national character is not happened overnight, nor by a person or a group of people, which includs a lot of factors. A kind of culture embodys through people’s the principles, behavior standards, ways of thinking, and life attitudes etc specific actions living in the scope of this culture radiation, constitutes unique national character which the creat the culture. So, national character can't live without the existence of national culture, and at the same time, people’s faith, the experiences of the nationa in its history and geographical environment of the nation, are to a large extent influence the national common psychology.
And, of course, as the world’s two strong nations, Britain and the United States, their common characteristic is confident, integrity, vigorous and eager to make progress. And the differences of British and American national character is basically the difference of British and American culture, this is not formed overnight, but gone thongh hundreds of years’ baptism. A
nation is called a nationa is due to owning their own this characters. What we are talking about is only the differences of two national characters, not a discuss about which is better or worse, for there is no good or bad points of culture itself. As a fact the culture of the two nations are inevitably influenced by each other because of the strengthening of the cultural exchange.
2.The Contrastive Study of British and American Characters
As two big powers in the current society, Britain and the United States, are extremely similar in many places. They are both capitalist countries which speak English, mastering the final results of many events today's society, ownning strict legal and perfect social system, and have world's leading universities which students are dreaming of. People in Britain and the United States are convinced of each other. British insist that Americans have no history, but Americans say the English men who can't understand the future. So similar the two countries are, and do they have obvious differences?
2.1 British Character
The wording of ‘ British character’ is also ex parte. As is known to all, English and not a single ethnic nation. England, Scotland, wales and Northern Ireland people each have their own traditions and national cultural identity. From t his level of speaking, there seems to be no ‘British character’; Or, the so-called "British character, is in fact mainly referred to as the ‘England character ’.
2.1.1 manners
On one hand, English people pay great attention to privacy and personal space. There is a English proverb that says: ‘ An Englishman's house is his castle’ . British people do not ask about other people's private affairs, nor infringe upon other people's space, nor impose his or her concepts and values onto others. The whole British society is based on the composition of individual understanding and respect.
On the other hand, the British are well-mannered ,kind and friendly to the one they do not know. In the small or medium town with not too fast life pace, passers-by will greet you when you go outside; In the bus or shop, people who don't know you will also talk to you for minutes.
The UK is recognized as ‘JunZiGuo’ in Europe with perfect order social civilization. Britain has the world's oldest modern public management system. With centuries’ accumulation , men and women of all ages in Britain, are gentle to others. The British order is widely recognized all over the
world. In the bus station, shops or Banks, as long as there is a line, it must be in apple-pie order.
The English people devote particular care to gentle demeanour, with suits and leather shoes. When recepting yellow skin friends, some British lady daub yellow face cream specially to show close and respect to friends. Can't being snub, students study abroad in British, of course,are wearing suits and ties. On how to wear or make up in different occasions, they also dance to their tune.
British people talk very politely, behave courtesy, follow the prescribed order, never be anxious or rash.
Britain was a honest society. Rarely defraudation, cheat, abduction or swindle exist among people. As long as customers don't like, goods sold in stores,can ask to be returned back for any reason at any time.
Being quiet, shy, conservative, elegant and reserved, as a country with a long history, Britain has formed a complete set of culture, etiquette, habit tradition. Besides the British empire was once the most powerful country in the world, the pride for big nation has already made Britain formed the self-righteous closed and conservative character. The British can only be relax in crowd familiar to them, and when they meet a stranger or foreigner they will feel uneasy or even embarrassed.
2.1.2 arrogance and inflexibility
But with no doubt, under the surface of British politeness, the re’s an arrogant heart. The British generally have a kind of profound superiority complex. But, as the British saying, they should not be blamed, they are British. English is an international language, which are learned by students from all over the world. This undoubtedly add the British the sense of superiority and inertia (actually the popular of English is mostly the contribution of United States). Many British people still think most of the world is the domain of the British empire in the heart. Britain has the glorious history dominating the world, and this feeling of overlooking the world has becomes a indelible part of their character.
The Britishmen value the legal system and order, which originally is a good thing. But if they go to extremes they may be not flexible enough. The British are pedantic, conservative and mechanical which are reflected in many ways. For example not very long ago Britain's referendum rejected the government's offer to join the euro area that reflected the British people are reluctant to change.
2.2 American Characters
Each nation has its unique character, people often talk about the reserved manner of the British people, the romantic of French, the submissiveness of Japanese women, and the American character also has its distinct characteristic.
2.2.1 ways of making friends
Americans value the impression they give to others very much. What Americans are worrying about is becoming isolated, which means to common people loneliness, to politic ians, the failure of the election campaign. Hence, characteristics of the way the United States making friends is that they make friends extensively of which are all very harmonious. They hope to give everyone a good impression, but often lacking the kind of friends who can be intimate.
2.2.2 independence
The second feature of American character is independence and the eagerness to make progress. Since young, Americans has formed the habits of independence and struggle. On the street, you can see preteens boys go from house to house to deliver newspapers every morning, no matter it snows or rains,they never cause delay or hindrance. When studying at schools, they rely on their scholarship or work-study program.
2.2.3 the pursuit of reality
The third characteristic of American character is the pursuit of reality. The person who they admire are intelligent and capable. They would like to do-it-yourselfery towards everything, and can solve all sizes of things. Most Americans know how to use machines, repair electrical equipments and paint the wall.
2.2.4 eagerness for success
The fourth characteristics of Americans character is that they value much of success. In the eyes of American, what counts is not a person's family background, but his own talence and ability.
2.2.5 frankness
The Americans are candid and straightforward. They call a spade a spade, not full of twists and turns. They are quite active to air their opinion and ask questions in class. even if it is irrelevant to the subject, or full of loopholes, they don't care at all. There’s no psychological pressure of losing face.
2.2.6 public spirit
A majority of Americans are not only very law-abiding, but also have great public spirit. Americans put low at the first place, emphasize to act
according to laws. And their civic virtue can be reflected in their everyday behavior. If someone was behind when entering into the room, American will generally hold the door so as not to hit others back. If you hold the door for other people, he would have to say thank you.
2.2.7 spirits of taking risks
Y ou may notice that Americans are very active. Americans like to travel in their own country or all over the world. They always want to know what it looks like outside the nearby hills or citys. The change residence phenomenon in America is very common. In a way, this reflects that they are not used to the bland life, eagering to see new places, looking for new jobs, gaining new characters to succeed. The innovation and adventure spirit of American character, was indeed more outstanding compared with those of other nationas.
2.3. The Differences in British and American Characters
In history, the special geography and environment of the British island, created favorable conditions for the development of the navigation, navy, foreign expansion and the establishment of the powerful empire. Island geography and brilliant history bring up the English people strong island nation complex, the pride and exclusive character, and influenced all aspects of the social life in UK.
The United States is a multi-national country. Her history is short but unique. Her people also have distinct national characteristics. American society formed its specific national character and values in its development process. And the shape of the national character is closely related to the development of the western region in the history of the United States. This deeply influence the model of the American national character, such as the spirit of brave exploration and adventure, and the optimistic personality. 3.Implications of this Study
All the nationas above are from " a country, a nationality", "nation is formed by history , which is a social group of common historical and cultural traditions and national identity", so the Britain and the United States are called different ethnic groups. Each nation has its own cultural mode. Different national character differences are generated by the nation’s cultural and historical background and different aesthetic psychology. Chinese traditional culture emphasizes the sociality of human beings, blood relations, filial piety in the family, and the moral principles of obedience and sacrifice; Thus anglo-american westerners are self-centered, and the kinships are weakened. Maybe Chinese can learn some sense of humor and personal
feelings from west, sublime ourselves base on the previous good quality. As a good nation, The Chinese people need to absorb more in the material desire world if we want to stand firm.
4.Conclusion
Usually，we say that different people have different personality, and this is because each person grows in a different social environment. Also, due to different reasons from geography, history, culture and other aspects, each nation of the world becomes different from other nations. As an island, Britain is separated from the continent of Europe and other nations by the English Channel. In addition with the splendid civilization, the British character is hard to avoid to be aloof and proud. The American are bold and unrestrained, easy-going, dare to take risks are mostly connected with its short history, colonial process and bordering on many countries. It is because of the differences of the geographical environment, historical background and culture in British and American that American and British own significant differences in character even with the same language background.
Bibliography :
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a06328415.html,1：https://www.doczj.com/doc/a06328415.html,/peter5228/blog/item/eb9ed50847f238920b7b82ff.html
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a06328415.html,2：https://www.doczj.com/doc/a06328415.html,/f?kz=134591083
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a06328415.html,3： https://www.doczj.com/doc/a06328415.html,/zhangjing32418/blog/item/5e63d44ec66ea4cfd 1c86a85.html
最新关于英美文学 关于英美文学的 摘要：在诸多历史、社会、文化、政治、经济、生活方式、地域、宗教、价值观等因素差异下，英美文学作品势必出现千姿百态的形式和文学风格，只有深刻地理解上述因素对于英美文学著作的影响作用，才能够透析英美文学著作的实质，才能更好地理解英美文学著作中机智隽永的内涵。 关键词：历史文化;英美文学 一、历史与文化差异影响下英美文学著作所具有的特点 (一)历史与文化差异影响下英国文学著作的特点 英国文学源远流长，经过了漫长的时间和时代的演变。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对英国文学产生着影响。英国文学是对于当时社会环境的一种映衬与写照。文学内部遵循自身规律，历经不同历史阶段。如盎格鲁-萨克逊史诗《贝奥武甫》;中古英国文学著作时期，代表作乔叟(Chaucer)的《坎特伯雷故事集》;文艺复兴下的莎士比亚代表作《威尼斯商人》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《哈姆雷特》《暴风雨》等;新古典主义下的英国文学著作，浪漫主义时期，华兹华斯的《抒情歌谣集》;现实主义下的英国文学著作时期，代表作为夏洛蒂勃朗特的《简爱》，哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》，大作家查尔斯狄更斯的
《大卫科波菲尔》《远大前程》《双城记》;现代主义下的英国文学著作康拉德的《黑暗的心脏》(1899)。语言和风格的标新立异是英国现代派的最大特点。战后英国文学代表作约翰福尔斯的《法国中尉的女人》大致呈现从写实到实验和多元的走势。从厚重的文学底蕴出发，英国文学著作发展到今天正在朝着百家争鸣、百家齐放的方向发展。 (二)历史与文化差异影响下美国文学著作所具有的特点 美国的文学历史与美国资本主义的发展如影随形，虽然早期的文学著作隐约还有英国文学的痕迹，随着美国资本主义的民主与自由的不断演绎升华，美国的文学著作也大放异彩，形成了美国民族的特有色彩。多歌颂平民文化，褒扬以追求民主自由个人幸福为中心的美国精神。美国文学先后经历了殖民地文学著作时期，如托马斯潘恩写于1774年的《美国的非洲奴隶》;浪漫主义文学著作时期，如在库珀的《皮袜子故事集》中，在描写印第安人部落的灭亡的过程中，表现了正直、勇敢的美国早期移民开疆拓土传播美国文明的艰辛历程;批判现实主义文学著作时期，如马克吐温的代表作《哈克贝利费恩历险记》。从资产阶级民主自由平等人道主义出发，以同情的笔墨描写出黑人奴隶的悲惨生活，愤怒地谴责了奴隶主残暴虐待黑人的恶行，无情地鞭挞了美国早期的奴隶及种族歧视制度。德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》描写劳动
What’s symbolism? 1）Symbolism is a movement in literature and the visual arts that originated in France in the late 19th century. In literature, symbolism was an aesthetic movement that encouraged writers to express their ideas, feelings, and values by means of symbols or suggestions rather than by direct statements. Hawthorne and Melville are masters of symbolism in America in the 19th century. 2）举例。
48. “Young Goodman Brown ”is one of Hawthorne ’s most profound tales. What is the allegorical meaning of Brown, the protagonist? What does Hawthorne set out to prove in this tale? How does Melville comment on Hawthorne ’s manner of concerning with guilt and evil?
**ELIZABETH **4. A comparison of the three giants: William Dean Howells; Mark Twain; and Henry James They are the three dominant figures of the realistic period. The forerunner of American Realism is Howells. Though the three writers wrote more or less at the same time, they differed in their understanding of the “truth.”While Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life”of the Americans, Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “inner world”of man. Though Twain and Howells both shared the same concern in presenting the truth of the American society, they had each of them different emphasis. Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived, while Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. This particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism,”a unique variation (变体) of American literary realism.
英美文学相关论文优秀范文 浅谈英美文学中的爱情婚姻观 摘要英美文学中描绘爱情和婚姻的小说众多，为世人展示了不同时期、不同地域、 不同阶层的人们丰富多彩的爱情和婚姻观。这些不同的爱情婚姻观既是作品主人公性格的 集中体现，也是对人物所处的社会环境和历史背景的深刻剖析。论文以描写几对不同人物 之间波澜不惊的爱情故事闻名于世的经典爱情小说――《傲慢与偏见》为例，来分析作品 中倡导的独特的西方爱情婚姻观。 关键词：英美文学《傲慢与偏见》简?奥斯丁爱情婚姻观 梁山伯与祝英台凄美的爱情悲剧让我们唏嘘不已，崔莺莺和张生冲破重重障碍最终有 情人终成眷属让人为之欣慰，这是中国古典文学名著中的经典爱情故事。当我们把目光转 向英美文学，罗密欧与朱丽叶的忠贞爱情深刻地为我们诠释了爱情的真谛;于连?索雷尔 两段截然不同的爱情经历和其最终悲剧性的结局却告诉我们当爱情被虚荣占据后，结果唯 有悲剧。 英美文学名著中描写爱情的名家之作非常之多，众多的爱情经典让我们回味无穷，为 我们展示了各式各样、色彩纷呈的爱情婚姻观。正如有多少个读者，就会有多少个不同的 哈姆雷特一样，每个读者都会在这些名作中找到自己的影子，产生共鸣。以下就以《傲慢 与偏见》为例，来分析英美文学中各式各样、与众不同的爱情婚姻观。 一《傲慢与偏见》简介及主旨分析 英国知名女作家简?奥斯丁Jane Austen的代表作《傲慢与偏见》，以日常琐事为事 件出发点，运用非常考究的语言，通过对不同人物性格的详实刻画，以及当时处于社会压 迫与反抗不同地位的各个阶层间复杂关系的深刻剖析，以现实主义的手法形象、生动地描 述了18世纪末-19世纪初饱受封闭守旧思想禁锢下英国乡村的风土人情。 作品中，奥斯丁以其独特的观察力、诙谐幽默的语言，通过对班纳特家的五个女儿及 其密友在对待婚姻时的不同抉择，真实地描述了中小地主及资产阶级“绅士”和“淑女” 之间荒诞的婚姻与爱情，展现了女主人公们在爱情婚姻观方面不断学习、探索和前进的心 路历程，继而提出了自己主张“既不赞同为了金钱而结婚，也不认同将婚姻当做儿戏而草 率对待”这一鲜明的爱情婚姻立场。纵然时过境迁，我们依然能从中体会到不同凡响的艺 术效果。 二一段相互吸引至真至纯的爱情故事 简是班纳特家中的大女儿，属于那种漂亮大方、温柔可爱的大家闺秀式的女孩子，她 看待任何的人和事物都总会往好的一面去联想。她身上散发出的与众不同的独特气质深深 地吸引了年轻英俊且极度富有的宾利。但两人身份地位的悬殊预示着二者结合的不可能性，达西也曾因简的家庭背景差而极力反对宾利与其结婚。但随着剧情的发展，两人终因相互
英美文化差异 英国人和美国人虽然说着相同的语言，却有着许多完全不同的处事态度与生活习惯。在很多生活细节上，你一眼就能区分出高冷的英国人和不拘小节的美国人。 一、语言 语言与文化的关系相当密切。著名美国翻译理论家奈达在描述语言与文 化的关系时说：“语言永远是文化的一个组成部分，任何文章所表达的意思都 直接或间接地与所属文化相关联。归根结底，离开了相关文化，词汇就失去 了意义。文化的不同自然而然意味着语言的不同……”由此可见，文化差异包 括语言差异。 英国英语和美国英语并不是两种独立的语言。众所周知，美国是由英国 在北美的殖民地摆脱英国殖民统治而独立的国家，英语也是被移民美国的英 国人带去的。在过去的几百年时间里，英国英语和美国英语都发生了很大变化，他们的发展各不相同，但是两者之间的差异并不大。这些差异体现在发音、拼写、词汇等方面。 正如每个地方有自己的方言一样，英美两国由于地理位置相距甚远，发 音规律各不相同。这也正是为什么人们把英语发音归为英音和美音两类。在 拼写上，美国英语较之英国英语更简洁，更接近发音，如color(美)/colour(英)，realize(美)/realise(英)，theater(美)/theatre(英)，prolog(美)/prologue(英)。英美语 言在词汇方面的差异体现在英国人和美国人在表达同样的意思时选词倾向不同，如flat(英) /apartment(美)，lift(英)/elevator(美)，rubber(英)/eraser(美)，postbox(英)/mailbox(美)，film(英)/movie(美)。 二、人口 英美两国同为移民国家，但人口组成各不相同。 英国是由历史上不同时期从欧洲入侵英国的不同人种组成，包括伊比利 亚人(Iberians)、凯尔特人(Celts)、古罗马人(Romans)、盎格鲁——撒克逊人(Anglo—Saxons)、北欧人(Danes)、诺曼人(Normans)。其中入侵英国的日尔曼
英美文学选读-阶段测评4 成绩：30分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 ( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th—century “stream—of—consciousness” novels and the founder of psychological realism. A、Theodore Dreiser B、William Faulkner C、Henry James D、Mark Twain (P498.para.2)亨利.詹姆斯是美国现实主义文学大师，他的作品往往涉及美国之外的主题，其作品的风格是“心理活动”。被誉为20世纪美国意识流文学的先驱。 标准答案：C 考生答案：D 本题得分：0 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 Closely related to Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning( ),ranging over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death. A、love and nature B、death and universe C、death and immortality D、family and happiness （P518para2）迪金森的诗歌涉及宗教和爱情两方面，而其涉及宗教的诗歌往往是以死亡和永恒为主题的，所以答案是C。 标准答案：C 考生答案：A
浅谈英语系下英美文学对比与分析 英国文学与美国文学是当今社会影响范围最为深广的两类文学，对于英美文学的研究屡见不鲜。英美两国的文化具有一定的差异性，但是美国曾经是英国的殖民地，文化之间又有一定的共通性。英国文学历史悠久，文学体系完备，文学发展依照历史的发展而逐渐变化，文艺复兴时期的莎士比亚是英国文学与文化的象征，十七世纪的革命诗人弥尔顿，十八世纪启蒙主义思想引导下的各个散文作家，十九世纪的浪漫主义与现实主义的思潮影响下的诗人与剧作家，二十世纪现代主义思潮影响下的艾略特、乔伊斯……而美国文学与本土文化息息相关，体现着多元化与复杂性。在殖民时期，美国作家的作品受到英国文学的深刻影响，例如泰勒的诗得益于约翰?多恩和乔治?赫伯特的影响。在独立革命时期，美国文学逐渐形成了具有特色的民族文学，在浪漫主义思潮影响下的超验主义，极具本土特色的废奴小说。在南北战争时期，美国的现实主义文学逐渐开始发展，马克?吐温的乡土文学，詹姆斯的心理分析小说，以及黑人小说。在两战期间，现代主义思潮影响了以海明威为代表的“迷惘的一代”。二战后期，后现代主义思潮影响下的“垮掉的一代”，“黑色幽默”。英美文学的对比与分析范围比较广泛，本篇将以三大文学思潮：浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义在英美的发展来进行对比。 一、浪漫主义思潮时期
浪漫主义是在现实生活的基础之上，以热情奔放的语言，绚丽多彩的想象，直白夸张的表现形式，抒发对理想世界的追求。浪漫主义思潮比较注重个人情感的表达与抒发，具有浓烈的主观色彩。一是英美文学都是以诗歌为奠基石，但所占的立场不同。浪漫主义文学分为积极与消极，英国浪漫主义代表作家“湖畔诗人”就是消极派的代表，他们对资本主义的工业与文明十分的排斥，大力歌颂宗法制的自然与社会生活。《抒情歌谣集》是华兹华斯与柯勒律治共同出版的，是英国浪漫主义文学的奠基之作，他们的理论与实践结束了英文古典诗歌的统治。美国浪漫主义文学是以惠特曼的《草叶集》为开端的，开创了美国民族诗歌的新时代，作者是站在激进的民主主义立场上进行歌颂的。二是美国的浪漫主义文学师承英国，但却富有美国色彩。美国作家受到英国作家的影响，同样喜欢抒发个人的情感，以及喜欢描绘异国的风光。但是在美国文学中突出表现的“西部开拓”却是一个极具特色的素材。在库伯《皮袜子的故事里》美国本土的自然风光与景物成为了人物品格的象征，形成了美国文学离开尘世，心向自然的传统。三是英国浪漫主义作品以诗歌为主，而美国的作品更加丰富独特。英国文学中第二代作家与“湖畔诗人”消极态度相反，主张争取民主与自由，雪莱的《西风颂》、济慈的《夜莺颂》。英文文学中也有具有代表性的历史小说、哥特小说。美国文学中有喜剧性寓言体小说、歌德式的惊险故事，边疆历险故事，社会现实小说。超验主义也是美国文学的一大特色。．
中国与英美文化差异 【篇一：中国与英美文化差异】 摘要：近些年来，随着国际社会的不断进步，各国之间的经济文化 交流越来越广泛，而文化一直跟随着一个国家的发展历程，见证着 国家的兴衰存亡。纵观世界，英美文化和中国文化都具有博大精深、源远流长的特点，在不断发展的国际社会条件下，被赋予了新的内 容和含义，随着大国之间的交流越来越深入，使得各国之间文化交 流和碰撞也日益频繁。本文就目前英美文化和中国文化的发展现状，简要分析在新的社会条件下，英美文化和中国文化发展的差异所在。中国论文网 /9/view-6808314.htm 关键词：英美文化中国文化差异现状分析 中图分类号：g642 文献标识码： a 文章编号：1672-1578（2015）02-0007-02 随着我国改革开放事业的不断深入，我国经济水平和国际地位有了 很大的提升，与国际社会之间的交流和合作也越来越频繁，这就使 得我国文化承受着来自各国文化的冲击，特别是英美等西方经济发 展大国，在进行经济、文化、贸易交流时，对我国传统文化产生了 很大的影响。因此，在新的社会发展形势下，及时分析各国之间的 文化差异，对于继承和发扬我国优良传统文化有着很大的推动作用。 1 研究英美文化与中国文化之间差异的必要性 当今世界，处于国际社会中的每个国家要想得到高速的发展，就需 要保持与其他各国之间的经济、贸易等交流，而各国自身的发展历 程有着很大的区别，这就使得各国之间的文化底蕴和文化内涵有着 很大的不同，这在一定程度上阻碍了国家之间的交流与合作。因此，研究英美文化与中国文化之间的差异，对于国家之间的发展有着重 要的意义，下面就研究英美文化和中国文化之间差异的必要性做具 体分析。 1.1文化是社会意识形态的集中体现 通常来讲，文化是指人类活动的模式以及给予这些模式重要性的符 号化结构，主要包括文字、语言、文学、绘画等内容，不同地域、 不同时代的文化特点也不尽相同。文化是对人类社会长期的历史实 践过程中创造的物质财富和精神财富的集中体现，不仅是对当时社 会人类生活特点的体现，也是对一个国家长期的发展历程中文化特 色的积淀，更是对每个时期社会意识形态的重要体现。
1.Charles Dickens is a great writer in the ___ A__. ? A. Victorian Age B. Renaissance ? C. Romantic period D. 20th century 2.The early inhabitants in the island we now call England were _B __. ? A. Celts B. Britons ? C. Britain D. English 3. In 55 B. C., Roman troops led by _A__ invaded Britain. ? A. Julius Caesar B. Claudius ? C. King Alfred the Great D. William 4.The Roman occupation in Britain lasted for about __C___ years. ? A. 200 B. 300 ? C. 400 D. 500 5.Old English came into being by the _D___ century. ? A. 4th B. 5th ? C. 6th D. 7th 6. In __B__ Britain became a Roman province. ? A. 55 B. C. B. 43 A. D. ? C. 410 A. D. D. 787 A. D. 7.The Anglo-Saxon period ended in _D___. ? A. 1017 B. 1042 ? C. 1016 D. 1066 8. _A__ is an early English poem about the life of the gleeman. ? A. “Deor’s Lament” B. “The Wife’s Complaint” ? C. “The Husband’s Message” D. “The Seafarer” 9. __C__ is an early English poem about love. ? A. “Deor’s Lament” B. “Widsith” ? C. “The Husband’s Message” D. “The Seafarer” 10. __B__ is an early English poem about the adventures of the sea. ? A. “Deor’s Lament” B. “The Wanderer” ? C. “The Husband’s Message” D. “Beowulf” 11. __D__ is the representative work of the early English literature. ? A. “Deor’s Lament” B. “The Wanderer” ? C. “The Husband’s Message” D. “Beowulf” 12. Grendel is a monster described in __C____. ? A. “Deor’s Lament” B. “Widsith” ? C. Beowulf D. “The Seafarer” 13.The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years in Britain, and in __D___, all the Roman troops went back to their continent and never returned. ? A. 55 B. C. B. 78 A. D. ? C. 400 A. D. D. 410 A. D. 14.__C__ is the first important religious poet in English literature. ? A. John Donne B. George Herbert ? C. CaedmonD. Milton 15.When we speak of the old English prose, the first name that comes into our minds is
英美文学 玄学派：是指17世纪英国文坛出现的一个独特的诗歌流派。英国诗人约翰·邓恩是这个流派的代表人物，他因在诗歌中精妙地运用“奇喻”的比喻手法而蜚声文坛。它们往往以精致典雅的形式表现情感与观念的矛盾，把古典主义的性情与浪漫主义的风骨很好地融合到了一起。骑士文学盛行于西欧，反映了骑士阶层的生活理想。骑士精神和道德是上层社会的贵族文化精神，它是以个人身份的优越感为基础的道德与人格精神，但它也积淀这西欧民族远古尚武精神的某些积极因素。 三联剧：在古希腊悲剧创作中，有一类悲剧均由三部分组成，每部分即能独立存在，各部之间又有紧密联系。这种剧合则为一，分则为三，代表作家为埃斯库罗斯。 文艺复兴：是指13世纪末在意大利各城市兴起，以后扩展到西欧各国，于16世纪在欧洲盛行的一场思想文化运动，带来一段科学与艺术革命时期，揭开了近代欧洲历史的序幕，被认为是中古时代和近代的分界。 人文主义：是文艺复兴核心思想，是新兴资产阶级反封建的社会思潮，也是资产阶级人道主义的最初形式。它肯定人性和人的价值，要求享受人世的欢乐，要求人的个性解放和自由平等，推崇人的感性经验和理性思维。 七星诗社：是16世纪中期法国的一个文学团体，是由七位人文主义诗人组成的文学团体。他们中以龙沙和杜贝莱最著名。七星诗社的诗人们从事过各种创作，他们的诗声望很高，但他们的主要贡献却是对于法语改革的主张。 狂飙突进运动：是18世纪德国文学界的运动，是文艺形式从古典主义向浪漫主义过渡时的阶段，也可以说是幼稚时期的浪漫主义。但其中心代表人物是歌德和席勒，歌德的《少年维特的烦恼》是其典型代表作品，表达的是人类内心感情的冲突和奋进精神。 伤感主义：１８世纪后期欧洲资产阶级启蒙运动中的一种文艺思潮，也称为“主情主义”。该派的得名，源与英国作家斯特恩的小说《在法国和意大利的感伤的旅行》。该派作家崇尚感情，把感情看的高于“理性”，因而强调文学的主要任务是细致刻画任务的心理动态和描写人物的不幸遭遇，以便唤起读者在感情上的同情和共鸣，表达出对当时贵族阶级的理性主义和古典主义的反抗。伤感主义把个人主义和主观幻想的因素带进文艺，代表作家有英国的斯特恩，理查逊，法国的卢梭（如《忏悔录》《遐想录》），伏尔泰，德国的歌德，里希特，海涅等等。 “梅塘集团”是十九世纪法国文坛由以左拉为核心的六位作家组成的文学创作团体。因在巴黎郊外左拉的梅塘别墅为主要活动场所而得名。一八七O年开始的普法战争，法国战败，被
英美文化差异 文化是一个复合体，其中包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他能力和习惯。交际的过程是人们运用语言知识和社会文化知识传递信息的过程，所以学习语言与了解语言所反映的文化背景知识是分不开的。了解英美文化知识，有助于交际畅通。相反，缺乏了解英美文化背景知识必然导致交际障碍，冲突和误解。我们从一下几个方面来了解一下英美两过的文化差异： 一、民族性格差异 英国比美国拥有更悠久的历史，因为英国曾经被法国侵占，所以英国文化以及思维方式在很大程度上都受到法国上流社会的影响，并在长期的发展中形成了英国人特有的“绅士”风度。他们说话客气、行为礼貌，做事情喜欢绕圈子，如果想给你提一些批评指正意见也许需要大费周章的绕很多圈子。 美国作为一个年轻的国家，在近代的发展中体现出该国强大的生命力。该国民族文化的形成与殖民主义、独立战争、工业革命紧密地联系在了一起。也因此美国民族风格的形成就具备了资产阶级的特质。美国人性格的一大特点就是时刻把民主与平等挂在嘴边，这是因为美洲大陆在为殖民地期间，人们要想更好的发展下去，就必须建立起平等的合作关系以保证生产的持续进行。这也就解释了美国人为何一直以世界警察自居，去干涉他国的人权问题，这不仅仅是因为美国政府为了自身经济利益考虑，也符合美国的民族性格。 二、语言差异 英式英语和美式英语之间的差别有时是惊人的，在发音、词汇的使用、语法、和表达方式上都不同。在国内时英语学得很不错的人，一旦到了美国，往往感到美式英语的困惑，不得不花大量的时间来适应美式英语。尽管英美两国都是说英语的国家，但是英式英语与美式英语之间还是存在这很大差异的。首先从发音来看，英式英语讲究字正腔圆，发音比较清楚，很少有连读现象。而美式英语中连读频率很高，卷舌音很多，美国人讲话秉承的就是能省则省，能连则连的原则。另外，两国在用词上也有很大差异，有时同一事物用的词语是不同的，有时要表达同一意思用的句子也是不同的。比如两个人见面打招呼，英国人会用‘How are you‘，而美国人就会简单的用’Hi’来代替。在表达方式上的差别也很惊人。当我看到一本英语口语教材中“好久不见了”的英语口语竟然是“Long time no see”时，我非常反感，认为这是地地道道的中国式英语。但是，当我问在美国定居的一个朋友时，他告诉我，有些美国人就是说“Long time no see” 三、生活习俗差异 英国人非常讲究衣着，讲究绅士风度，西装革履。美国人相对就随意很多，想穿什么就穿什么，不介意别人的评价。两国在饮食上也有很大差异，英国人在饮食上也处处散发着上流社会的高贵气质，从选材到烹饪都精细到了极致，尤其是餐桌礼仪，餐桌上不能发出任何声音，包括说话以及餐具敲击的声音，几乎所有西餐的规则英国人都会遵守。美国人在就餐问题上就随意多了，美国人饮食不讲究精细，只关心方便便捷，一日三餐都很随便，垃圾食品是美国人的最爱。 四、教育差异 英国人的保守与严谨，体现在教育上就是完善的教育体系。英国有一套严格的质量监控体制，各大院校的教学质量评估与科研评估结果向全世界公布，英国的高等教育会定期受到检查。英国大学的科研水平长期保持了一个很高的水平，也是与这个体制分不开的。英国教育的质量也体现在对学生的严格考核上，有的专业可以用“残酷”来形容，被淘汰拿不到学位的也大有人在，英国老师通常不会因为学生只差一点而放学生一马，他们的职业道德和敬业风度有力的保证了教育质量。
Network Education College, BLCU 《英美文学选读》模拟试卷一 注意： 1.试卷保密，考生不得将试卷带出考场或撕页，否则成绩作废。请监考老师负责监督。 2.请各位考生注意考试纪律，考试作弊全部成绩以零分计算。 3.本试卷满分100分，答题时间为90分钟。 4.本试卷分为试题卷和答题卷，所有答案必须答在答题卷上，答在试题卷上不给分。 I.Multiple Choice. (1 point for each, altogether 30 points) Directions:There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word that you think best complete the sentence. Write your answers on the answer sheet. 1. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of_______. [A] Piers Plowman [B] Sir Gawain and the Green Knight [C] Confessio Amantis [D] The Canterbury Tales 2. In "After Apple- Picking," Robert Frost wrote: "For I have had too much / Of apple -picking: I am overtired/ Of the great harvest I myself desired." From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is_______. [A] happy about the harvest [B] still very much interested in apple-picking [C] expecting a greater harvest [D] indifferent to what he once desired 3.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene,_______became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century. [A] Sentimentalism [B] romanticism [C] realism [D] naturalism 4. Of the following American poets in the twentieth century, the one who has the best knowledge of Chinese culture is _______. [A] Robert Frost [B] Allen Ginsberg [C] Ezra Pound [D] Cummings 5. _______is the first important governess novel in the English literary history. [A] Jane Eyre [B] Emma [C] Wuthering Heights [D] Middlemarch 6. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their_______. [A] indestructible spirit [B] pessimistic view of life [C] war experiences [D] masculinity 7. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’Ode to a Nightingale? _______
英美文学专业开题报告 引导语：各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事,但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品,而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统。以下 是的为大家找到的英美文学专业开题报告。希望能够帮助到大家! 论文题目theApplicationandInnovation 一、选题的意义和研究现状 1.选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义长时期以来,人们视艾米莉?勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜,许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究,得出了不同的结论,因而往往是旧谜刚解,新谜又出,解谜热潮似永无休止。 本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉,指出艾米莉?勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统,同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力,将现实 与超现实融为一体,给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜 活力,达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一,使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”,又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”,从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。 2.与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况 各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事,但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品,而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统
(Gothictradition)。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20世纪二三十年代,到70年代以后,由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响,该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。 根据在国际互联网上的搜索,到2000年9月为止,英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外,还至少出版专著达184部,其中1970年以后为126部,仅90年代就达59部,几乎占总数的三分之一。当然,近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加,更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展,并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。 二、研究方案 1.研究的基本内容及预期的结果(大纲)研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉,指出艾米莉?勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统,同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力,将现实与超现实融为一体,给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力,达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一,使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”,又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”,从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。 预期的结果(大纲): 1.ASurveyofGothic1.1DefinitionofGothic 1.2theOriginofGothicNovels
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf(national epic民族史诗)metaphor alliteration。 3、Angles, Saxons and Jutes. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) 1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade England. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society.Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight头韵 2、传奇ramances：描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。seek adventures , fighting for his lord in battle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,love with women 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（反封建、反教会、追求个性自由） 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、purely English(the London dialect伦敦方言) 3、heroic couplet英雄双韵体
英美文化作业：英美文化差 异(英文版) -标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
the differences of British and American culture The British are, in some ways, less conservative than Americans - the drinking age is 18, not 21, homosexual civil unions are legal, and abortion hasn't been a serious political issue in years. Mixing religion and politics is extremely rare in the UK. On the other hand, there are stricter controls on some things - it's much harder to get a driving licence, and the age requirement is higher than in most states, there are speed cameras everwhere, CCTV cameras in many public places (although they may or may not be working), and carrying weapons or other objects for "self defence" is illegal (in particular, note that pepper spray is illegal). Getting into a debate about the right to bear arms will be very time consuming, and may also lead people to think that you're a gun-nut before they've got to know you properly. Smoking in enclosed public places is illegal that includes pubs, the underground, train stations... more or less any non-residential building actually... (similar to New York, so not so much of a cultural difference there). The British apparently have a wider vocabulary of swear words than Americans. While most Britons will use them fairly freely in a social setting, things are a lot more reserved in formal settings & talking to strangers. I've not yet encountered an American "pub" which bears more than a passing resemblance to a typical British pub. People might go to a pub just to drink and socialise, have a pub lunch, or as part of an attempt to get alchohol poisioning (otherwise know as a "pub crawl"), as well as to watch sporting fixtures (which seems to be the main purpose in America). Going to the pub does not usually imply getting drunk. Although the drinking age is 18, bartenders are supposed to ID anyone who looks under 21. Though I doubt your friend will do much driving, he should be aware of the following things: Most cars in the UK have manual transmission. Cars are smaller and more efficient, petrol is more expensive. Speed limits are higher, but enforced more rigourously. Driving in London is not worth it. Central London has a congestion
1. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. When her poems were published in England, she became know as the “______” who appeared in America. A Ninth Muse B Tenth Muse C Best Muse D First Muse [1]. 2. ______ is the sometimes exaggerated use of local language, characters and customs in regional literature. A Purple prose B Paste-land imagery C Local color D Symbolism [2]. 3. The first great flourishing of African American literature that appealed to a relatively large literate Black readership was known as_____. A the Holocaust B the Harlem Renaissance C abolitionism D the Civil Rights Movement [3]. 4. _______ was a leading 19th century feminist and one of the core members of the Transcendentalist movement. A Margaret Fuller B Sylvia Plath C Hilda Doolittle D Gloria Stein [4].