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Suggested AnswersUnit 1Starting UpA. Choose the sentence halves from a, b, c, d listed below.1. d2. c3. b4. aB. Possible Answers1. Appraisal offers a valuable opportunity to focus on work activities and goals, to identifyand correct existing problems, and to encourage better future performance.2. Performance appraisal provides employees with recognition for their work efforts.3. Performance appraisal offers an excellent opportunity—perhaps the best that will everoccur—for a supervisor and subordinate to recognize and agree upon individual training and development needs.4. Performance appraisal can make the need for training more pressing and relevant bylinking it clearly to performance outcomes and future career aspirations.5. Performance appraisal can provide a regular and efficient training needs audit for theentire organization.C. Possible clues for the discussion1. Tell me what you want me to do.2. Tell me how well I have done it.3. Help me improve my performance.4. Reward me for doing well.D. Complete the description of employee’s evaluation with expressions from the box.1. legitimate2. tension13. priorities4. clash5. process6. recoil from7. anxiety and distress8. serve the needs of9. objectively10. balancedReadingA. Match the words and phrases with their definitions.1. d2. a3. e4. c5.bB. Read the article below quickly and answer the following questions.1. Performance appraisal began as an attempt to rationally correlate rewards and outcomes.2. Such as morale and self-esteem.3. Began from the 1950s.C. Read the article again and choose the correct answer from a, b, c, d.1. d2. b3. c4. d5. dD. Decide whether the following statements are True or False.1. T2. F3. F4. F5. F6. TE. Match the terms with their explanations from a-j in the following box.1. d2. b3. f4. j5. e6. c7. i8. a9. h 10. gHighlights Performance Appraisal Terms & Exam PracticeA. Fill in the blanks with the appraisal terms from the box.1. perceived meaning2. selective perception3. halo effect4. horns effect5. central tendency6. feedback-seeking237. constructive evaluation8. trait relevanceB. Identify the appraisal methods for the following statements.1. MBO2. MBO3. EM4. EM5. RSC. Listen to the passage about the rating scale method and fill out the blanks.1. a high degree of structure2. trait or characteristic3. a bipolar scale4. employee attributes5. initiative6. punctuality7. nature and scope8. relevant to the appraisee’s job9. legal action10. discriminationScript:The rating scale method offers a high degree of structure for appraisals. Each employee trait or characteristic is rated on a bipolar scale that usually has several points ranging from “poor”to “excellent” (or some similar arrangement).The traits assessed on these scales include employee attributes such as cooperation, communications ability, initiative, punctuality and technical (work skills) competence. The nature and scope of the traits selected for inclusion is limited only by the imagination of the scale’s designer, or by the organization’s need to know.The one major provision in selecting traits is that they should be in some way relevant to the appraisee’s job. The traits selected by some organizati ons have been unwise and have resulted in legal action on the grounds of discrimination.D. Listen to the passage about the advantages of rating scale methods. Note down theadvantages.1. they are structured and standardized2. ratings to be easily compared and contrasted—even for entire workforces3. equality in treatment for all appraisees44. standard measures of performance across all parts of the organization5. easy to use and understand6. the simple and efficient logic of the bipolar scaleScript:The greatest advantage of rating scales is that they are structured and standardized. This allows ratings to be easily compared and contrasted —even for entire workforces.Each employee is subjected to the same basic appraisal process and rating criteria, with the same range of responses. This encourages equality in treatment for all appraisees and imposes standard measures of performance across all parts of the organization.Rating scale methods are easy to use and understand. The concept of the rating scale makes obvious sense; both appraisers and appraisees have an intuitive appreciation for the simple and efficient logic of the bipolar scale. The result is widespread acceptance and popularity for this approach.E. Listen to the passage about MBO methods and fill out the blanks.1. results-oriented2. predetermined work objectives3. the supervisor and subordinate4. self-audit5. achieve the objective6. strengths and weaknessesScript:MBO (management by objectives) methods of performance appraisal are results-oriented. That is, they seek to measure employee performance by examining the extent to which predetermined work objectives have been met.Usually the objectives are established jointly by the supervisor and subordinate. An example of an objective for a sales manager might be: Increase the gross monthly sales volume to $250,000 by 30 June.Once an objective is agreed, the employee is usually expected to self-audit; that is, to identify the skills needed to achieve the objective. Typically they do not rely on others to locate and specify their strengths and weaknesses. They are expected to monitor their own development and progress.5F. Writing Practice (187 words)Dear Mrs. Tay,I write the letter in the hope of separating employees’ performance appraisal outcomes from their reward outcomes, including pay increase, promotion opportunity and the like.As we know, annual performance appraisal offers us employees a valuable opportunity to focus on work activities and goals, provides us with recognition of our work effort. This can have a positive influence on the individual’s sense of worth, commitment and belonging.However, rather than being willing to openly discuss our performance, we appraisees become anxious and defensive. The appraisee is not eager to admit to anything that might impair our chance of a pay rise or other rewards.Also, there is a deep irony that while having excellent systems of appraisal, our corporation allows its merit pay and promotion decisions to be made by one or two superiors or managers. There is evidence that incongruity between appraisal results and later pay and promotion outcomes is a source of employee discontent and de-motivation.We would greatly appreciate it if you could consider our suggestion carefully.We are looking forward to your favorable reply.Yours sincerely,Catherine ZhouSales representativeG. Translate the following into Chinese or English.评价员工绩效的方法很多，但不外乎是客观判断与主观判断两大类。
第一题翻译选择；第二题短语互译；第三题阅读；第四题完型填空1. Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture.如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。
2. This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co. Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter called the "Purchaser"), and Wingo Co. Group, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China ( hereinafter called the "Seller").本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。
3. Multinational bank's services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker's acceptances, accepting Eurocurrency deposits, making Eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。
对外经济贸易大学继续教育与远程教育学院2019-2020学年第二学期《综合商务英语（一）》复习大纲一、单选题1.2. There _________ too many people with vested interests on these3. On the whole women prefer brighter colors than men do. The4. In the past two decades, fitness has become a fad.The underlined5.6. Mostly I pray that their lives will be easy .The underlined part7.（8.9.（10. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to11. The US government requires strict food inspections to (ensure)12.14. Even in grocery stores, (junk) food items commonly fill shopping15.16.（17.（18.19. If you're ________urgent business, the best way of travelling is20.21.22.23.（24.25.（26.（27.（28.29. There is a very friendly ______ in our office. （）30. I’d get it for you ______ I could remember who last borrowed the31. No sooner had he finished his speech ______ stormy applause brokeout.32.33. The police finally caught up with the man ______ was the escaped34. ______ knows the name of this song will receive a prize from the35. He didn’t know French, ______ made it difficult for him to study36.37.38.telescope ______ mirrors instead of lenses. （）39. If no one ______ the lost copper statue, the person who found it40.（41. He was seriously wounded; there were wounds ______ both his arms42.43. I love driving along narrow country roads that _______ trees.（44. I don't know what anyone else thinks, but my ______ opinion isthat the students should be doing more work outside the45.（46.47. The location of the capital was one of the most _____ problems48.49. If you are always watching yourself, you are self-conscious The50. Traveling has become safer and more economical . The underlined51.（52.a large letter “H” in flowers which went right across thisneglected piece of land! The underlined part means _________.（53. “Sports and games often grow out of people’s work and everydayactivities. The Arabs use horses or camels in much of theireveryday life; they use them in their sports, too. It is the same with people in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia in China. Millions of people hunt and fish for a living, but hunting and fishing are very good sports, too.” The topic sentence of this paragraph is54. “Specialists in counseling and intercultural studies say that itis not easy to adjust to life in a new culture. They call thefeelings which people experience when they come to a newenvironment culture shock.” What do specialists think about“ a55. “Attitudes to women diff er from place to place. In Japan, forexample, it is quite usual for men to plan evening entertainment for themselves and leave their wives at home. In Europe, suchattitudes are disappearing.” Which of the following is right56. Mrs. Brown is _______ the names of the first year children.（57. The company has suffered from several years of bad ______.（58.59. As Marie read the poem, her eyes were _____ tears. （）60.61.（62. When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult63. John Smith, as well as the other students, ________ how to take64.65. It is _____ to get medical supplies to the area as soon as66.67.68. ________ changes have taken place in China since 1978.（69. The teacher ______ the problem children with great care.（70.（71.（72.day.73.（74.75.76.77.（78. The official got the ______ news from the evening newspaper.（79.80. Miners, ______ work is often dangerous, are paid less than81.82.（83.84.85.（86.（87.88.89. You must keep your parents' needs ________ when you make your90.91. Keep the medicine out of the _______ of the children.（92.93. He regarded ______ looking after the children is my94.95.（96.97. The number of English language learners in American public98. Many planets are _________ to exist beyond our solar system.（）99.100.A new study from brain researchers helps _____________ how thehuman brain evolved, or changed over time, to permit people to101.____________ the difference between a real Facebook news website102.I got to be kind of famous in the neighborhood because of this 103.robot. In this sentence, "kind of" means __________________.（Some of the damaged images can become ________________.104.（A growing number of American states are requiring schools to 105.teach students how to __________ information on the internet and二、完型填空What do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? To some degree, there are106.as ______ different kinds of English as there are speakers of it. No two speakers speak itin exactly the same ______. We can always hear differences between them, and thepronunciation of English varies (变化）a great deal in different ______. How do wedecide what sort of English to use ______ a model? This is not a question that can be_________ in the same way for all foreign learners of English. If you live in a part of theworld like India or West Africa, _______there is a long tradition(传统）of speakingEnglish for general communication purposes, you should ______ a good variety of thepronunciation of this sort. _______, if you live in a country where there is no traditionaluse of English, you must take as your model some form of ______ English pronunciation.It doesn't ______ very much which form you choose. The most important thing to do is to1.（（2.（3.（4.（5.（6.（7.8.（（9.10. （三、阅读理解107. People from different lands went to America because they needed the chance for a new life. Among those who went in thenineteenth century was a large group of people from Ireland.In the 1800s, life was very hard for the peasants of Ireland.The peasants rented the land on which they lived. In order topay the rent, they spent much of their time farming for theirlandlord.The British government ruled Ireland at this time, and most of the food grown in Ireland was shipped to England.Because the peasants had no money, they depended on potatoes forfood. Potatoes could be grown on a small piece of land for a fewpennies. For more than half the people in Ireland, potatoes werethe only food.In 1845, disaster came to the potato fields. A plant disease attacked the potato plants, and they turned black and rotted.For three years, the potato crop of Ireland was destroyed.With their only source of food gone, the peasants were starving. People searched the countryside for food, and starvingcrowds gathered in the cities. The English government tried tohelp by setting up "soup kitchens" to feed the hungry. But itcould not feed everyone. More than a million people died, andmany of those left decided that they had to leave Ireland.A great migration to America began. Thousands of people gathered at the1.2.3.4.5.一、单选题二、完型填空三、阅读理解。
商务英语期末复习资料Audience 受众Marketing mix 营销组合Impact 影响，作用Impulse buy 即兴购买Trigger 引起Undervaluing 低估Feedback 反馈Self-actualization 自我实现Leadership 领导（能力）Delegate 委派Under time pressure 时间紧迫Subordinate 下属Insight 洞察力Precedent 先例Restructure 重建Milestone 里程标、重要事件、转折点Afterhours 工作完毕后机票：Nick: I just missed my flight.Clerk: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that.Nick: Could you reschedule it?Clerk: Yes, When would you like toreschedule it for?Nick: How about changing my flight totomorrow noon?Clerk: That was for tomorrow at noon? Please let me verify flight availability?Nick: Yes.Clerk: OK, there’s still one seat available on that flight. But it’s in business class. I can let you have that if you like for no additional charge, but rescheduling costs a little extra.酒店：Staff : Good morning, sir, May I know your name?Guest: Certainly. My name is John SmithStaff : Would you please spell your last name?Guest: Sure. P-a-r-k-I-n-s-o-n, Parkinson.Staff : How do you do Mr. Parkinson? Welcome to our hotel.Guest: How do you do? Very nice to meet you.Staff : Hope you’ll enjoy you stay here.Guest: I think I willStaff : See you later.Guest: See you.----Staff : Excuse me, May I help you?Guest: Yes, I’m looking for my room.Staff : May I know your room number, please?Guest: Yes, my room number is 358.Staff : That’s at the other end of the corridor. Follow me. Please. I’ll show you to your room. Guest: Thank you. It’s very kind of you.Staff : It’s my pleasure to serve you. Please enjoy your stay.----Staff : Good morning. Mr. Smith. How are you today?Guest: Good morning. Jane. I’m fine, thanks, and you?Staff : I’m fine too. Are you checking-out today?Guest: yes, I think soStaff : Did you enjoy your stay here?Guest: Yes, I did.Staff : I hope our service is to your satisfaction.Guest: Sure. I’m very pleased with everything here.Staff : Thank you. I wish you a nice trip home and look forward to seeing you again. Guest: Thank you. I’ll definitely come to the Sheraton next time I’m in Tianjin.----Guest: Excuse me. What time is it now?Staff : It’s 2:25 by my watch;Guest: Is it the correct time?Staff : Yes, I think so .Guest: You use Beijing Time here, don’t you?Staff : Yes, we doGuest: Do you know what time it is now in Holland?Staff : I guest it is about half past eight in the morning. There is a time difference of 6 hours Guest: I see. I want to call back home. It seems I’d better make the call in the eveningStaff : I think so if nothing is urgent, because there are special rates at night after 9:00 Guest: Do you mean cheaper?Staff : YesGuest: That’s great. Thank youStaff : My pleasure.----Staff : Good morning, ma’am. Anything I can do for you?Guest: Good morning. I’m here to see my friend. But I don’t know which building she lives in Staff : Do you have her room number?Guest: Yes, It’s 408Staff : May I know your friend’s name?Guest: Sure. Her name is Shelly, Shelly WilsonStaff : Is she an American?Guest: No, she is GermanStaff : Please with a second. I’ll check for youGuest: OKStaff : Yes, here it is. She lives in Room 2408 in the apartment building over thereGuest: What does 2 mean?Staff : It stands for the Apartment BuildingGuest: I see. Thank you for your helpStaff : You’re welcome.----Staff : Good afternoon, Mrs. Anderson. Can I clean your room now?Guest: Could you please come back again. I’m tied up at the moment. I’ve some visitors.Staff : All right, no problem. When do you need me to come back?Guest: How about 6:00. is that all right?Staff : Sorry, I’ll be off then. I’ll finish working at 5:30. but don’t worry. One of my colleagues will come. Guest: OKStaff : By the way, do you need an adapter?Guest: Yes, I did ask for one.Staff : Here you are. I’ve got it for youGuest: Thank youStaff : Not at all.----Staff : Good morning . Mrs. JonesGuest: Good morning.Staff: You know the Mid-Autumn Festival is coming. It’s an important traditional festival in China. The Hotel is now organizing a one-day trip to the Great Wall. The holiday will be celebrated with music and nut picking.Guest: That’s a great idea. It will be wonderful.Staff : Definitely, but how shall we go?Guest: By the Hotel TaxiStaff : What time shall we set out?Guest: At 5:30 in the morning. The taxi will be waiting for you at the entrance. Please get there a little bit earlier because the seat arrangement policy is on a first come, first serve basis.Staff : Ok, I will. Thank you very much for telling me all this.Guest: I’m glad you like it.APPROPRIATE RESPONSE合适的回答- CURRENTLY UNAVAILABLE BUT WOULD LIKETO RETURN YOU CALL’‘他现在不在，但会给你回电话的’- DO YOU MIND WAITING你介意等一会儿吗？- CAN SOMEONE ELSE ASSIST?其他什麽人能接听吗？YES - HOLD THEN GO BACK TO THE CALL 是的- 等一会儿然后会到电话里“THANK FOR WAITING”“感谢您的等待” NO- TAKE A MESSAGE 不- 留言对不起，我还没有请教阁下的尊姓大名呢。
商务英语期末复习资料Part I Translate the following English words into Chinese.1. bill of exchange 2. sight draft 3. irrevocable L/C 4. penalty 5. money of payment 6. usance L/C 7. money of account 8. promissory note 9. commercial draft 10. advising bank 11. Force Majeure 12. combined transport document Part II . Translate the following Chinese words into English1. 佣金佣金2. 单价单价3. 承兑承兑4. 贴现贴现5. 受益人受益人6. 独立代理独立代理7. 支票支票 8. 进口许可证进口许可证 9. 背书 10. 补偿贸易 11. 折扣折扣 12. 示票 13. 跟单托收 14. 经销经销 15. 索赔索赔16. 商业发票 17. 保险凭证保险凭证 18. 汇率汇率19．检验证书．检验证书 20. 保兑保兑Part III Write down the full name of the following abbreviations and the translations.1. D/P2. M/T3. CIF4. D/A5. T/T6. B/LPart IV Decide whether the following statements are true or false by writing “T” for true and “F” for false in the bracket besides each statement.1. International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations. 2. The distributor gains profits from the price difference at which he buys and resells the goods. 3. In reality, the quantity of goods shipped must be exactly the same with that stipulated in the contract. 4. Partial shipment means that the goods under one contract are shipped in different terms or by different lots. 5. A unit price consists of four parts: currency unit, unit price figure, measuring unit and price terms. 6. The buyer will inform the seller the opening of L/C and pass the L/C to the seller. 7. In counterpurchase, the value of countertrade goods has to equal that of the export. 8. Whether sale by buyer ’s sample or by seller ’s sample, the quality of the commodities should be strictly same as sample. Otherwise, it should be stipulated in the contract clearly. 9. Transshipment may increase the cost of shipment and the possibility of delay in delivery of commodities. 10. In international trade, if All Risks was covered, any loss caused by any reason on the way can be compensated by insurance company. 11. Under the the term term term of of of D/A, D/A, D/A, it it it is is the the bank bank bank in exporter in exporter ’s s country country country who who who makes makes makes acceptance acceptance acceptance to to to the the the draft draft draft and delivers and delivers documents to the importer. 12. Landed quality and weight means that the inspection carried out at the port of destination will be final. 13. When EXW or DDP is used, the commodity is generally inspected in the exporting country. 14. “USD200 per M/T CIFC2 London ” means that the seller will receive 200 US dollars for per metric ton. Part V Fill in the blanks with the best choice.1. Who has the exclusive right of selling the goods in a marketing area at the price he fixes? ___. a. Consignor b. Exclusive distributor c. Exclusive agent d. Bidder 2. When the seller only pays freight for the goods up to arrival at the port of destination, the term is _____. a. FOB b. CFR c. DDU d. CIF 3. Partial shipment may be necessary when ____. a. direct liners are not available b. the amount of the cargo is very small c. the shipping date is very close d. the export covers a large amount of goods 4. The goods concluded on the CIF basis have been burnt because of the fire after being loaded, then ____. a. the loss is due to the seller b. the seller asks the insurance company for compensation c. the buyer asks the insurance company for compensation d. the loss is due to the party who pays the freight 5. In the following terms of settlement, which is the most risky one for the seller? ____. a. T/T in advance b. D/A c. D/P at sight d. D/P after sight 6. 6. When When When ____ ____ ____ happens, happens, happens, the the the party party party that that that fails fails fails to to to perform perform perform the the the contract contract contract is is is allowed allowed allowed to to to relieve relieve relieve liabilities liabilities liabilities of of of the the non-performance. a. war b. world market price goes up c. manufacture fault d. currency devaluation 7. Which is NOT the example of trade barriers? _____. a. Tariffs b. Quotas c. Import duties d. Income tax 8. In international trade, the seller ships the goods to the buyer when there is no purchase made. The seller retains title to the goods until the buyer has sold them. This is ___. a. bidding b. agency c. consignment d. distributor 9. Which stipulation of the date of shipment is often used in a contract? ____. a. One day b. Within several days after the L/C has been received c. Prompt shipment d. Concrete shipment time 10. Particular additional coverage of CIC ____. a. can be covered alone b. can’t be covered alone c. can be covered alone when more than two of them are covered d. can be covered alone when only one of the insured applies for insurance 11. Which one of the following quotations is wrong? a. FOB QINGDAO USD10.00/PC b. CIF LIVERPOOL GBP125.00/MT c. FOB SHANGHAI $15.25/PC d. FOB JINAN USD2.00/KG 12. Under CIF, freight on the B/L is marked as ____. a. Freight Prepaid b. Freight Collect c. Freight Pre-payable d. Freight Unpaid 13. Based on whether the goods are loaded or not, the B/L can be classified into ____. a. clean B/L and unclean B/L b. direct B/L and transshipment B/L c. straight B/L and order B/L d. on board B/L and received for shipment B/L 14. A company exports 50 tons of wheat, the seller delivers the extra 2 tons, then the buyer should ____. a. accept 52 tons b. refuse to take 52 tons c. accept extra 1 ton d. refuse to accept extra 2 tons Part Part VI VI . Translate Translate the the the following following following English English English sentences sentences sentences into into into Chinese Chinese Chinese or or or Chinese Chinese Chinese sentences sentences sentences into into English 1. FOB means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship ’s rail nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment. 2. Total amount, as its name suggests, is the sum of the money for one business transaction. It equals to the unit price multiplied by the quantity of the goods. 3. Generally speaking, the L/C should arrive to the seller at least 15 days before the time of shipment to allow sufficient time to check and amend, if necessary, the L/C and to arrange shipment. 4. Under an FOB, CFR or CIF contract, port of shipment is usually proposed by the exporter and is stipulated in 1. 汇票汇票 2. 即期汇票即期汇票3. 不可撤销信用证不可撤销信用证 4. 罚金罚金5. 支付货币支付货币 6. 远期信用证远期信用证7. 计价货币计价货币 8. 本票本票9. 商业汇票商业汇票 10. 通知行通知行不可抗力不可抗力 12. 多式联运单据多式联运单据commission unit price accept/acceptance discount beneficiary factor check import license 9. endorse/endorsement 10. compensation trade 11. discount/allowance presentation documentary collection distribution 15. claim 16. commercial invoice insurance certificate 18. exchange rate 19. inspection certificate 20. confirm/confirmation Part V Fill in the blanks with the best choice.（每小题2分，共20分）1—5 b b d c b 6—10 a d c b b 11—14 c a d a Part VI . Translate the following English sentences into Chinese or Chinese sentences into English （英译中每小题2分，中译英每小题3分，共25分）1. FOB 是指货物越过指定装运港买方指派的船只的船舷时，卖方就完成了交货义务。
商务英语复习资料题型：①阅读理解5-6篇40% ②翻译（中→英）5个*5’=25%③画图题15% ④作文：要顶格写20%一．翻译1．我们希望公司能使我们更高效的经营业务，同时也为客户带来便利。
我们也希望你们能继续向我们订购，订单直接交本公司或分公司均可。
We hope that by it we can handle our business more efficiently for the convenience of our customers. We also hope that you will continue to place orders with us direct or through our new branch.2．随函寄上本公司商品目录一册，供参考，但愿你们从中能找到所需要的东西。
Enclosed for your reference is a copy of our catalogue ,in which you may find something you need.3．如果在你方市场完成了年销售，这份独家代理协议原本可以于到期日延长一年。
Should the annual turnover have been realized in your market, the sole agent agreement would have been extended for another year upon its expiration.4．前几天，你地的一家通讯公司前来与我们洽谈业务，他们意外地告诉我们你们是有名的摩托车制造商。
We were approached by a telecom provider in your district the other day and from them we happened to know that you are a well-known motorbike manufacturer.5．由于我方已在支付方式方面做出了让步，因此，难以再顺从你方的要求，把价格降至你方所说水平。
Unit 1 Company Profile1.Translate the following Chinese terms into English.candidate patentindustry personnel registered trademarkcore competency domain nameintended market emerging marketheadquarter multinational corporation Chief Executive Officer stakeholder2.Translate the following English terms into Chinese.股本，股金总额以人为本的解决方案精于心简于形对客户的深入了解工业革命回收利用3.Translation:宝洁公司始创于1837年，是世界上最大的日用消费品公司之一。
2007财政年度，公司全年销售额达682亿美元。
在《财富》杂志评选出的全球500家最大企业中，排名第74位。
宝洁公司在全球80多个国家设有工厂或分公司，所经营的300多个品牌的产品畅销160多个国家和地区，其中包括美容护理、居家护理、吉列产品等。
每天，在世界各地，宝洁公司的产品与全球消费者发生着三十亿次亲密接触。
宝洁大中华业务区包括1988年成立的中国大陆分公司、1987成立的香港分公司和1985年成立的台湾分公司。
一九八八年，宝洁公司在广州成立了在中国的第一家合资企业－广州宝洁有限公司，从此开始了其中国业务发展的历程。
宝洁总部位于广州,目前在广州、北京、上海、成都、天津、东莞及南平等地设有多家分公司及工厂，并在北京设立技术中心。
二十年来，宝洁取得了飞速的发展，主要表现在：建立了领先的大品牌宝洁公司是中国最大的日用消费品公司，年销售额超过二十亿美元。
我们在参与竞争的领域内占据了最大的市场份额。
飘柔、舒肤佳、玉兰油、帮宝适、汰渍及吉列等品牌在各自的护发、个人清洁、皮肤护理、婴儿护理、洗衣粉、男士美容等产品领域内都处于领先的市场地位。
千里之行，始于足下。
202X年商务英语期末考试重要知识点202X年商务英语期末考试重要知识点一、商务英语基础知识商务英语是指在商务活动中使用的英语，主要包括商务交流和商务写作两个方面。
商务英语的基础知识包括商务词汇、商务语法、商务写作等。
商务词汇：包括商务名词、商务动词、商务形容词等，如trade（贸易）、export（出口）、import（进口）、negotiation（谈判）、contract（合同）等。
商务语法：包括时态、语态、语气、句型等，如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等，被动语态、完成时等。
商务写作：商务写作包括商务信函、商务报告、商务备忘录、商务演讲等，要注意写作的结构、用词、语法等。
二、商务会议和谈判商务会议和谈判是商务英语中常见的场景，关键知识点包括会议和谈判的流程、用语、技巧等。
商务会议：会议的类型、召开会议的流程、会议的议程、会议的开场白、主持会议的技巧、会议的总结和回顾等。
商务谈判：谈判的准备工作、谈判的策略、谈判的技巧、谈判的用语等。
第1页/共3页锲而不舍，金石可镂。
三、商务信函和邮件商务信函和邮件是商务英语中常见的写作形式，关键知识点包括信函和邮件的格式、用语、语法等。
商务信函：信函的格式、信函的头部、信函的称呼、信函的正文、信函的结尾、信函的附件等。
商务邮件：邮件的格式、邮件的主题、邮件的正文、邮件的附件、邮件的回复等。
四、商务报告和演讲商务报告和演讲是商务英语中常见的写作形式，关键知识点包括报告和演讲的结构、用词、语法等。
商务报告：报告的结构、报告的目的、报告的内容、报告的语言风格等。
商务演讲：演讲的结构、演讲的目的、演讲的内容、演讲的技巧等。
五、商务英语口语商务英语口语是在商务交流中使用的口语表达，关键知识点包括常见的商务口语表达、场景对话、礼貌用语等。
常见商务口语表达：提供服务、预订机票、接待客人、介绍产品、商量约会等。
场景对话：商务接待、商务洽谈、电话交流、商务会议等。
商务交际英语1期末考试复习指导考试题型I. MULTIPLE CHOICES: （10小题，每小题1分，共10分）II. TRUE / FALSE （10小题，每小题1分，共10分）III. READING COMPREHENSION （10小题，每小题2分，共20分）IV. TRANSLATION (4 段短文, 每段5分, 共20 分)V. WRITING （40分）复习内容英语在国际商务活动中起着非常重要的作用。
掌握用英语进行商务交际的能力，有利于在激烈竞争中占有先机，反之，将可能面临挫折和失望。
商务交际英语1这门课程，涵盖了商务交际活动中的基本知识和技能，如：信函、备忘录/便笺、电子邮件和报告的写作技巧等，此外，还讲授了一些当代商务理念、职业道德规范、批判性思维能力和团队精神，以及图表的运用、技术性写作、客户服务、多元文化工作环境中的交际等。
本次考试的具体内容：有关日常生活或工作场所的交际技巧和交际目的；怎样在商务工作中给对方写信息；怎样写备忘录；怎样在工作中给你的工作伙伴或客户写商务信件等。
那么，根据这些内容，所涉及到课本上的章节有：Chapter 1 Communicating in your lifeChapter 2 Communicating in a diverse workplaceChapter 3 Writing with styleChapter 4 Writing memos and E-mailChapter 5 Writing letters to your clients and customersChapter 6 Writing reports: A complex process made easy特别是第2、4、5章节要重点复习。
在写作方面重点复习怎样写商务备忘录和信件。
本次考试分为5个部分，下面就以几个例题为准简单地介绍一下：具体复习重点1. 单项选择（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）主要考查学生对商务交际英语基础知识的掌握学生可把重点放在以下几种商务交际中应注意的地方：the purpose of communication、theprocess of communication、verbal and non-verbal messages、internal and external barriers tocommunication、responsibilities of participants、body language、personal space、lateralscommunication、audience analysis、common channels of oral message、cross-culturalcommunication and the guidelines、communication tips、Challenges of Diversity、direct andindirect order、building strong paragraphs (including the five Ws) 、the purpose of memos ande-mails、communication overload、the common abuses of e-mails、the stage of planning a message、neutral or positive messages等。
高级商务英语系列教材总主编：叶兴国王光林高级综合商务英语1主编：彭青龙（习题答案）外语教学与研究出版社Unit 1 GlobalizationLead-in1. Quiz1) B 2) C 3) D 4) A 5) A2. A Mini CaseSuggested answers:●As Zara continues to expand, it might have to open other distribution centers onother continents. Language, culture, and work relations may vary significantly from the closely-managed operation currently in place in Spain. The company may run into more specific challenges in accommodating customers‘requirements due to a lack of cultural sensitivity. Zara‘s expansion globally may pose the challenge of moving from a more centralized management style to a more global style.●Lorena needs to ensure that she has a truly international team in place withmembers from both multilingual and multicultural background; draw up a plan on how global logistics will support global expansion; start a succession plan and train new logistics managers who could be ready to take on overseas responsibilities; and encourage store managers to include suggestions on cultural specifics which may help in making the final product and brand expansion successful.Text AI.Reading Comprehension1.Determine whether the following statements are true or false. Write a T fortrue, an F for false, and an NG for not given.1) T 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) F 9) T 10) NG2.Essay Questions1)The modern multinational companies have had passed through three phases. Firstcame the 19th-century ―international model‖, with firms based in their home country and selling goods through overseas sales offices. This was followed by the classic multinational firm in which the parent company created smaller versions of itself in countries around the world. And now it has been replaced by a single integrated global entity in which the firm will move people and jobs anywhere in the world, based on the right cost, the right skills and the right business environment.2)The big attractions from emerging markets are low-cost labor, highly skilledpersonnel, and a chance to cooperate with the government as a potential customer.3)They are lacking the management talents who can practice and support businessoperating models that will allow them to generate profitable growth in more mature markets over the long term.4)The single biggest challenge facing Western multinationals is the lack ofemerging-market experience in their senior ranks. Moreover, multinationals have great trouble retaining the managers they do have in emerging markets.―Well-trained, good, honest people are scarce in emerging markets. Multinationals are better at training these people than emerging-market companies, which prefer to poach them once they are trained.‖II.Blank-filling: Complete the following sentences with the words given in the box. Change the form when necessary.1) cutting-edge 2) commoditized 3) aggressive 4) forge 5) benchmark 6) blueprint 7) expatriates 8) deploy 9) ferocious 10) substantial III.Paraphrasing1.Rewriting: Rewrite the underlined part of each sentence in your own words.1) ―In the 97 years of the company‘s history, never had a particular kind of product or merchandise been managed outside the U.S.,‖he says excitedly, noting that ―Latin America now reports to Shanghai.‖2) But the assault on its services business led by a trio of Indian outsourcing upstarts, Tata Consulting Services, Infosys and Wipro, posed a big threat to the field that might be the main sources of growth for the company as expected by Mr. Palmisano.3) In many emerging markets the most attractive potential customer is the government, because of the government‘s urgent needs to improve the infrastructure facilities in a wide range, from the mobile telephone networks to roads, airports and ports, energy and water supply.4) A 2007 study of China‘s top 200 publicly traded companies found that it is still difficult even for the leading companies in China to compete with those global giants.5) American multinationals now have a ―ferocious interest in attracting non-Americans to the board‖, but they can find only a few qualified executives from the European countries, not to mention those from emerging markets.2. Sentence Transformation: Complete the following sentences based on the structures given.1) Because of the fact that hot labor markets in emerging markets are causing extremely high turnover rates, every big multinational is aiming to win the ―war for talent‖ and taking it as one of the most urgent issues.2) It is believed that as a big multinational company it enjoys advantages in recruiting and retaining talented managers than the local competitors.3) Despite the growth of their revenue which increased on the back of China‘s continued economic growth, they could only create half of the value of their global competitors.4) No longer the ―young bucks or retirement-posing types‖as they used to be,nowadays the expatriate managers appointed by multinationals to work in emerging markets are generally of a much higher quality.5) Compared with those old multinationals, the firms in emerging markets are typically lacking the depth of management talent, though the founders are often impressive.IV.Translation1.Sentence Translation1) 这一雄心勃勃的策略是对来自新兴市场的激烈竞争做出的回应。
高级商务英语1复习资料.docUnit l:The Empire Strikes back1. "When you want to create a climate and culture of hyper-growth, you really need to live and breathe emerging markets.”When you want to create a climate or culture of a super fast growing organization, you really need to come to emerging markets and feel in person what it is like living and working there.2. which brings together all of Big Blue's operations outside North America and westernEurope, which brings all of IBM's operations (units) outside North America and western Europe underits leadership.3. Latin America now reports to Shanghai.now under the leadership of Shanghai.4. based on the right cost, the right skills and the right business environmentif the cost is relatively low, the skills are up to standard, and the business environment is favorable 5. horizontally and globally It can pool all human resources of IBM and allocate them in an optimal way among business units across the world?6. Why IBM relatively painless sell PC department?When Lenovo, a Chinese PC company, acquired the business division of IBM, a global giant of the USA, there was no loss of face or national disgrace involved in this because it was considered nothing but an exchange of commodities?7. hot labour markets in emerging markets are causing extremely high turnover rates.the booming labour markets in emerging markets are causing fast flow of talents from one firm to another.8.IBM reckons that its global reach gives it an edge in recruitment and retention over local rivals.its global expansion helps it maintain a competitive advantage over local competitors in terms of the talents it hires and the longer time it keeps the talents9?thanks to an infrastructure boom that promises to span everythingdue to fast growth in the infrastructure construction business, which is estimated to cover every possible project from..?lO.There is still a striking lack of executives from emerging markets at the top of developed-country multinationals There are still very few local executives who can climb to the top management of developed-co un try multi nationals.11 ?the breadth and depth of management talentbreath=varied and divers讦ied management talentsdepth=experieneed and seasoned management talentsHead of strategy:?略发展总监hyper-growth:super fast growth Emerging market:新市场growth markets：成长型市场；增长型市Big blue：nickname for IBM 国际商业机器公Perennial：Iong-lasting; recurring; enduringline business： An LOB (line-of-business) is a general term thatdescribes the products or services offered by a business or manufacturer. In some large enterprise cultures, the term line-of-business (LOB) is used as a synonym for corporate division.cutting-edge： leading-edge; sophisticated; hi-techCommoditised： con verted into a commodityOutsourci ng：夕卜包The contracti ng or subc on tracti ng of non core activities to free up cash, personnel, time, and facilities for activities in which a company holds competitive advantage.Compa nies havi ng stre ngths in other areas may con tract out data processi ng, legal, manufacturing, marketing, payroll accounting, or other aspects of their businesses to concentrate on what they do best and thus reduce average unit cost. Outsourcing is often an integral part of downsizing or reengineering. Also called contracting out?承包Upstarts：firms that have risen suddenly to a position of power or wealth 新贵Pools： group of people available for work when required nJ 招ZR卩来的——些人：a pool of doctors available for emergency work为应付紧急悄况而待命的一些医生Tur no ver rate： A huma n resources metric which expresses the number of employees lost through firing, attrition and other means compared to the total number of employees in the company.人员流动率chief procurement officer： A chief procurement officer (CPO) is an executive role focused on sourcing, procurement, and supply management for an enterprise?首席采购官sales pitch：推销游说Pitchi ng： trying directly to persuade governments to buy this business or to make a deal with governments for this businessBlueprint： a set of proposals/plans expatriate managers；expat managers：海夕卜派遣经理at short notice：with notification only a little in advance bottom-of-the-pyramid： An economic term referring to the largest but the poorest socio-economic group constituting more than 2.5 billion people that live on less than $2.50 a day?金字塔底层executive suites：The term ”executive suites'1 referred tothe suite of offices on or near the top floor of a skyscraper where the top executives of a company work, usually in eluding at least the president or chief executive officer, various vice presidents and their staff?行政套房Fbach：legally catch 猎取Unit 2:The Harry Potter Economy1 ?“the tip of a publishing iceberg”constituting the smallest proportion of total sales generated by the publishing house2. there was no point bidding against the firm for a childrenf s titleIt was impossible to beat the firm in the com pet it io n for the market of children's books ?3. an article in the New York Times asked "Harry who?Two new adventure stories are now in the swim: the Greek myths, and the Arthurian legends. The Harry Fbtter model is out of fashion.4. The project appeared “too British for the studios but too big to be a British productio nThe movies appeared "too British for the American studios to man age well, but they are also too expensive to be produced solely in UK.”5. her “worst nightmare" was that her hero would end up on the side of fast-food contai nersthe image of her hero (Harry Fitter) would be printed on the side of fast-food containers, which Rowling thought would impact negatively the image of her hero.6. Given the rise of digital media and piracy, Harry Potter may be seen as a high-water mark in the industry?no film other than Harry Potter can make such remarkable achievements in the film industry, especially in box officeperforms nee.Division:Alternative term for business unit.部门market-testing:I1J场测试；销住实验；市场定位技术snowball effect:滚雪球效应；滚雪球似地迅速增人的效应；雪球效果Turnover:W业额，成交量Revenues: money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or services (income)Outfit:a business firm engaged in a particular form of commercial enterprisePlindits:a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and who often talks about it in public; an expertrevenue streams:收益源；盈利源A company's revenue stream is the amount of money that it receives from selling a particular product or service?(BUSINESS)The events business, she said, was crucial to the group in that it provides a constant revenue streamBlitz:an advertising or publicity blitz is a major effort to make the public aware of something. On December 8 the media blitz began in earnest.master toy licence:原版使用许可;主许可执照Unit 4:Silicon Valley visionary who put Apple on top1. ground?breaking productIn the hi-tech industry, people had bee n guessi ng about for mon ths what Apple's latest revolutionary product would be before it was debuted?2. there are no second acts in American lifeNo second act means you get one shot at the brass ring of success and even if you manage to grab it, life inevitably goesdownhill to a tragic anti-climax.It seems 99% of pers ons get this wrong, con sidering that it's always quoted in the context of someone or another f s re-emergence on the scene after going into an eclipse? Ftzgerald did NOT mean there are no second chances in American life-but that American lives tend not to have middle acts, when the fruits of our early labors can be appreciated, before going into the inevitable decline of old age?3. there are no second acts in American life does not come more decisively than this.There is nothing more definitely challenging E Scott Fitzgerald's much-quoted witticism that there are no second acts in American life than the act of Steve Jobs whose successful comeback had proved Fitzgerald wrong.4.0f all the fingers that Apple has poked into Microsoft' s eyes over the years, none can have rankled as much as the early success of the iPad.Of all the blows that Apple has dealt to Microsoft over the years, the early success of the iPad has inflicted the most pain to Microsoft.5.it points to a future beyond the computer mouseit points to a trend where the computer mouse is no longera must-have peripheral.6.and a world without Windows?and a computer world no Ion ger dominated by Windows because Apple's Macin tosh has come onto the stage. (I OS vs. Android)7.Sales of cheaper notebook computers are already suffering.The sales of cheaper notebook computers are already beginning to decline? The number of consumers buying Apple'siPad or upscale, higher-priced Mac computers is on the rise/increase.8. a company that has drawn on the openness of the web itself as the model for its own smartphone software.a company whose Android system for smartphones is based on the open Linux kernel and that advocates that the software for smartphones shall not be restricted on the open platform.9. The sophistication of his touch-screen devices is a long way from Mr. Job" s rudimentary start in the garage of his adoptive parents in suburban northern California ?It took Mr. Jobs a long long time to develop his highly sophisticated touch-screen devices, beginning with some simple devices in the garage of his adoptive parents in the suburban northern California?I 0.There was little i n Mr. Jobs* beg innings that gave a hin t of what was to come ?Nothing in Mr. Jobs1 humble beginnings suggested that he would be so successful in the years to come.II ?Mr. Jobs' spiritual aspirations left him with little use for either shoes or soap 6 for long periodSoBack from his spiritual pursuit in India, Mr. Jobs did not wear shoes or take a shower for a long time, which made his co-workers extremely worried?12. That means pushing relentlessly forward rather than milking old successes - even ones as significant as the iPod?That means he pushes forward an innovative project persistently and unyieldingly rather than dwelling/resting on old successes; he is even not satisfied with achievements as significant as the iPod? 13.Others now have Apple in their sights, forcing Mr. Jobs into the competitive moves that would oncehave seemed out of character.Others now see Apple as their target to pursue (enemy to conquer), which forced Mr. Jobs to take countermeasures so as to gain competitive advantages over his rivals, but this seemed quite unusual for Mr. Jobs for he was often too proud to care about competing with others. 14.a prouder Steve Jobs would not have let out the door.Steve Jobs was too proud to admit that he had imitated the product of others and thus limited the use of Ping to iTunes users only. I n other words, it had not been released for public trial.Visionary:If you refer to someone as a visionary，you mean that they have strong, original ideas about how things might be different in the future, especially about how things might be improved ?vision :愿景；视觉；远见In business，vision is foresight - the capacity to envisage future market trends and plan accordi nglyVision StatementAn aspirational description of what an organization would like to achieve or accomplish in the mid-term or Iong-term future. It is intended to serve as a clear guide for choosing current and future courses of action.Mission Statement?A written declaration of an organizatiorfs core purpose and focus that normally remains unchanged over time? Properly crafted mission statements (1) serve as filters to separate what is important from what is not, (2) clearly state which markets will be served and how, and (3) communicate a sense of inten ded directi on to the en tire organizati on.A mission is different from a vision in that the former is thecause and the latter is the effect; a mission is something to be accomplished whereas a vision is something to be pursued for thataccomplishment. Also called company mission, corporate mission, or corporate purpose.Sdelined: to prevent sb from playing in a team, especially because of an injury: The player has bee n sideli ned by a knee in jury.to prevent sb from having an important part in sth that other people are doing: The vice-presidentis increasingly being sidelined.washed up:No Ion ger successful or needed; finished; done.written off:If you write someone or something off, you decide that they are unimportant or useless and that they are not worth further serious attention.Seal:TD establish or determine irrevocably: Our fate was sealed?Rebo un d: (especially busi ness) a positive recovery/react io n that happe ns after sth n egative whipped up:to try to make people feel strongly about something; stirred upDisparagingly:slightingly; derogatorily; express a negative opinion ofreality distortion field:现实扭曲力场Reality distortion field (RDF) is a term coined by Bud Tribble at Apple Computer in 1981, to describe company co-founder Steve Jobs* charisma and its effects on the developers working on the Macintosh project? Tribble said that the term came from Star Trek. Later the term has also bee n used to refer to perceptio ns of his keynote speeches (or H St eve notes1') by observers and devoted users of Apple computers and products?The RDF was said by Andy Hertzfeld to be Steve Jobs1 ability to convince himself and others to believe almost anything with a mix of charm, charisma, bravado, hyperbole, marketing, appeasement and persistence? RDF was said to distort an audienee's sense of proportion and scales of difficulties and made them believe that the task at hand was possible?suspension of disbelief:Suspension of disbelief or willing suspension of disbelief is a term coined in 1817 by the poet and aesthetic philosopher Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who suggested that if a writer could in fuse a n human interest and a sembla nee of truth11 into a fan tastic tale, the reader would suspend judgment concerning the implausibility of the narrative? Suspension of disbelief often applies to fictional works of the action, comedy, fantasy, and horrorinitial public offering IPO:肖次公开券股肖次公开发行；肖次公开招股The first sale of stock by a company to the public? Companies offering an IPO are sometimes new, young companies, or sometimes companies which have been around for many years but are fin ally decidi ng to go public ? I POs are ofte n risky inv estme nts, but often have the potential for significant gains? IPOs are often used as a way for a young company to gain necessary market capital.Rankled:cause lasting bitterness or resentmentDigerati: People who are kno wledgeable about digital tech no logies such as computer programming and design conjured from nothing:lf you conjure something out of nothing, you make it appear as if by magic. premium prices : Premium pricing 溢价政策(also called image pricing or prestige pricing) is the practice of keeping the price of a product or serviceartificially high in order to encourage favorable perceptions among buyers, based solely on the price. The practice is intended to exploit the tendency for buyers to assume that expensive items enjoy an exceptional reputation or represent exceptional quality and distinctiori. A premium pricing strategy involves setting the price of a product higher than similar products? This strategy is sometimes also called skim pricing because it is an attempt to “skim the cream" off the top of the market. It is used to maximize profit in areas where customers are happy to pay more, where there are no substitutes for the product, where there are barriers to entering the market or when the seller cannot save on costs by producing at a high volume?Luxury has a psychological association with premium pricing. The implication for marketing is that consumers are willing to pay more for certain goods and not for others? T D the marketer, it means creating a brand equity or value for which the consumer is willing to pay extra? Marketers view luxury as the main factor differentiating a brand in a product category.venture capitalist:风险资本家；风险投资家；风险投资人A venture capitalist is a pers on who in vests in a busi ness ven ture, providing capital for start-up or expansion. Venture capitalists are looking for a higher rate of return than would be given by more traditional in vest me nts.Generally, venture capitalists are looking for returns of 25 percent and up.What's the difference betwee n a ven ture capitalist and an an gel investor?A venture capitalist is a professional investor. He or she manages a fund and is looking for suitable in vest me nts for that fund. An an gel in vest or is an individual who, while also looki ngfor a suitable investment, is also looking for a personal opportunity?In other words, the venture capitalist may have no business experienee applicable to the industry your company is involved in, and is focused on the potential rate of return your compa ny can provide. An an gel in vest or often has busi ness experie nee releva nt to your company and is interested in adding value to your company, as well as making a return on his or her in vestment ?Stint=tenure： A stint is a period of time which you spend doing a particular job or activity or working in a particular place?占有 (职位)Vision ary: If you refer to someone as a visionary, you mean that they have strong, original ideas about how things might be different in the future, especially about how things might be improved.W 远见的、有预见性的Milking：If you say that some one milks somethi ng, you mean that they get as much ben efit or profit as they can from it, without caring about the effects this has on other people.call the shots：定调子(ALSO call the tune; wear the trousers)to be in the position of being able to make the decisi ons which will influe nee a situati on exercise authority or be in chargeLieutenant：an assist a nt with power to act when his superior is absent; deputy 畐U FPragmatism means thinking of or dealing with problems in a practical way, rather than by using theory or abstract principles.实用?k义Mass Market:大众市场；人规模市场；大量市场Un-segmented market in which products with mass appealproducts (aspirin, orange juice, soft drinks, paperback romances, etc.) are offered to every customer through mass retailers or independent stores, and promoted through mass media?Niche Market：小众市场Expediency= convenienee means doing what is convenient rather than what is morally right. (FORMAL) eg：This was a matter less of morals than of expediency?利己、方便Concern： firm; company; businessme-too： a company's me-too product is one that is designed to be similar to a very popular product made by another companysand their fin gers down：sand down: to make a surface smooth by rubbing it with san dpaper Antitrust：反托拉斯的，反垄断的In the Un ited States, antitrust laws are in tended to stop large firms taki ng over their competitors, fixing prices with their competitors, or interfering with free competition in any way.Unit 5:The post-modern craving for creativity1. Pixar achieved its dominanee by making astonishing shifts in what was thought possible in animated filmmaking.Pixar became a market leader by making the impossible possible in animated filmmaking: theyhad made amazing groundbreaking achievements in the existing animation world?2. unproductive recreations offering no more value than a little R&R.The purpose of recreations is not to gen erate profits or in comes but to get nothi ng but a little rest and entertainment.3. placing this type of work on a par with the financial industry.making creative work rank equally with the financial work.4. And what role does creativity play in energy bra nds and how does it drive consumers to gravitate toward them?How does creativity contribute to vigorous and dynamic brands and how does it attract consumers gradually and irresistibly to them?5. maybe 農progress” isn't all that it'd been made out to b e?maybe it had been found out by people that modernism means much more than "progress11 only.6. deriving meaning out of life eludes many of us day by day.Many of us seems to forget what they live for.7. Like nine-year-olds wrestling with the question of Santa ClausLike children of nine years old who are always uncertain about whether Santa Claus really exists8. consumers are torn between wanting to believe modernist promises and being too savvy to suspend disbelief?consumers are very ambivale nt 矛盾的:on one hand, they want to believe what the modernist has promised; on the other hand, they do not want to believe in modernism blindly because they know very well that modernism cannot solve all their problems,e?g. understanding the meaning of life or human purpose.9.1 t's a conflict that few marketers can recognise.We know consumers do not want to be deceived 欺骗by marketing, but we also know no consumers will buy our products without marketing10. Yet we've found that creative bra nds transce nd their skepticism of marketing, allowing them to believe with no senseof hypocrisy, thus resolving the conflict?Yet we've found that creative brands clear the doubts in the head of consumers and make them believe in a real sense what is promoted in marketing. In this way, creative brands have solved the conflict satisfactorily.11 ?Creativity is embedded in the spirit of irresistible brands?What differentiates super brands from other less successful brands is creativity.12. there is n evertheless a sign ifica nt negative correlati on betwee n happ in ess and wealth?The more fortunes one possesses, the less happy one becomes?13. u So many lucky men, restless in the midst of abundance.MSo many people made a fortune overnight and they were unable to stay still or be happy where there were, when they were surrounded by material abundanee. depopulated : 人口减少reduce in population; desolate the Bureau of Labour Statistics :芳动统计局Creative services are a subsector of the creative industries, a part of the economy that creates wealth by offering creativity for hire to other businesses. Creative Services also means a department within a company that does creative work such as writing, designing, and producti on. It is ofte n a sub-department of the Marketi ng organizati on. Examples in elude: Design and production agenciesStudios Ideation consultancies Software development firms Temp agencyMarketing firmsPublic relati ons age ncies Advertisi ng age ncies Promotio nal age ncies Brandi ng age ncies Entertainment I ndustries币lent agency GuildsLike lawyers and accountants in the professional services sector, creative services firms sell a specialised technical service to satisfy the needs of companies that do not have this expertise themselves ?paradigm-shiftin：典范转移；典范移转；范式转换A radical change in thinking from an accepted point of view to a new one, necessitated when new scientific discoveries produce anomalies in the current paradigm.Modernism：American modernism, like modernism in general, isatrend of thought that affirms the power of human beings to create, improve, and reshape their environment, with the aid of scientific knowledge, technology and practical experimentation, and is thus in its essence both progressive and optimistic. American modernism is an artistic and cultural movement in the United States starting at the turn of the 20th century with its core period between World War I and World War II and continuing into the 21st century.negative correlation 负和关性A relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa. In statistics, a perfect negative correlation is represented by the value while a 0.00 in dicates no correlation and a +1.00 in di cates a perfect positive correlation. A perfect n egative correlati on means that the relati on ship that appears to exist betwee n two variables is n egative 100% of the time .It is also possible that two variables may be n egatively correlated in some, but not all, cases.Here are a few examples of a negative correlation: The more time I spend at the mall, the less money I have in my checking account. The more hours I spend at the office, the less time Ispend with my family.cul-de-sac： blind alley —端不通的街道;死胡同.Bisociation：界类联想；界态混搭；界类混搭It is a study of the processes of discovery, invention, imagination and creativity in humour, science, and the arts. It lays out Koestler's attempt to develop an elaborate general theory of humancreativity.From describing and compari ng many differe nt examples of inventio n and discovery, Koest I er concludes that they all share a comm on patter n which he terms H bisociati orT - a blending of elements drawn from two previously unrelated matrices of thought into a new matrix of meaning by way of a process involving comparison, abstraction and categorisation, analogies and metaphors?He regards many different mental phenomena based on comparison (such as analogies, metaphors, parables, allegories, jokes, identification, role-playing, acting，personification, anthropomorphism etc.), as special cases of “bisociation”.The concept of bisociation has been adopted, generalised and formalised by cognitive linguists Giles F^ucorrnier and Mark Turner, who developed it into conceptual blending theory.frames of reference参照系；参考系；参考架构a structure of concepts, values, customs, views, etc., by means of which an individual or group perceives or evaluates data, communicates ideas, and regulates behavior.Overall context in which a problem or situation is placed, viewed, or interpreted. A too-narrow frame may leave out critical factors, whereas a too-broad frame may in elude many irreleva nt distractions.an in creme ntal and expone ntial idea1」n creme ntal inn ovati on is taking products, solutions and tech no logies which you curre ntly have today and doing some small advanceme nt on the same tech no logies or solutio ns The humble bicycle has evolved over time with new materials (particularly in the frames) new comp orients (no gears back in the old days), and accessories such as lights ?2. lech no logy is ever in creasing and ever advancing. We know this through Moore? s Law. And, technology has impacts that expand like the ripples on a pond. From the center (the developme nt and release of a new tech no logy) to the outermost ripple that seems un related ?An expone ntial idea is the one that helps in the fast across-the-board inno vat io n of the organization, involving business models, manufacturing processes, products and services, etc.Differentiation产品差界化；产品分化；产品差界性A marketing process that showcases the differences between products? Differentiation looks to make a product more attractive by contrasti ng its unique qualities with other com pet i ng products ? Successful product differentiation creates a competitive advantage for the seller, as customers view these products as unique or superior.Product differe ntiatio n can be achieved in many ways .It may be as simple as packagi ng the goods in a creative way, or as elaborate as incorporating new functional features? Sometimesdiffere ntiation does not involve ch a nging the product at all, but creati ng a new advert i si ng campaign or other sales promotions instead?Unit 7:BMW Drives Germany1. BMW has mastered the manufacturing fine arthighly developed techniques in manufacturing2. heavily unionized workforcethe workforce in which the percentage of employees that are union members is very high3?rival Audi is turning up the heatapply great or in creased pressure; turn up the pressure4. The recovery “has legs”To have en dura nee; to have prospects to exist or go on fora long time ?5. many German firms did their homeworkmade a careful preparation to fight back6」t， s all about mastering complexity.The recipe for success is to know perfectly well how to achieve synergy through merging complementary competencies?7. Putting BMW on a more efficient footing at home has enabled it to expand its product line in all directions?Maki ng BMW run more efficiently in the homeland of Germa ny8. But it makes up in price and prestige what it lacks in volume?the low sales of Rolls-Royce are offset by its high price and good reputation.9?“BMW' s main weakness is that life is get ting ever narrower in the premium segment, and it needs volume growth.the customer base in the upscale market is getting smaller, so BMW needs to grow fast in the volume of sales.Dealership 商品特许经销商:a business established or operated under an authorization to sell or distribute a company's goods or services in a particular area; franchise。
商务英语综合教程(1)期末考试复习资料Unit 1 College Life）Ⅰ. Paraphrase（2′×5=10′1. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory:it is like an energizing as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.A fact is no longer a mere fact: it is endowed with all kinds of possibilities. We don′t take it aburden to memorize it anymore. It is like an energetic poet who describes vividly our wonderful dreams, and an architect who can help us fulfill our goals.2. Imagination is not to be discovered from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts.Imagination should not be separated from the facts: it is a way of interpreting the facts.3. Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline, this energy of imagination canin great measure be preserved through life.Young people are imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline, then this kind of imagination will, to a great extent, be kept, and benefit them a lot in the future.4. Those reflection upon the general functions of a university can be at once translated in terms of theparticular functions of a business school.The opinion about the general functions of a university can be at once explained through the particular functions of a business school.5. It requires an imaginative understanding of laws of political economy, not merely in the abstract, but alsowith the power to construe them in terms of the particular circumstances of a concrete business.It requires an imaginative understanding of laws of political economy, not only in the abstract, but also with the ability to understand them in concrete business situation.6. It requires that discipline of character which can say “yes”and “no”to other men, not only by reasonof blind obstinacy, but with firmness derived from a conscious evaluation of relevant alternatives.It requires that students should cultivate such a discipline of character that their agreement or disagreement with others is based on their consideration and evaluation of relevant alternatives instead of out of their stubbornness.7. There can be no criticism of the custom, but there may be an unfortunate effect—prolonged routine workdulls the imagination.This practice is not wrong and should not be criticized, but long-period routine work will reduce the imagination of young people.8. Hence, instead of a drudgery issuing in a blind rule of thumb, the properly trained man has some hope ofobtaining an imagination disciplined by detailed facts and necessary habits.The properly trained man will not do the routine tedious work only by experience. Instead, he hopes to obtain an imagination trained by detailed facts and necessary habits.Ⅱ. Translation（2′×5=10′）1. 有些人总是从钱的角度考虑问题。
大学商务英语综合教程1课后练习题含答案第一部分：词汇练习题1.__________ is the activity of buying and sellinggoods and services. A. Business B. Industry C. MarketingD. Advertisement 答案：A2.A __________ is someone who starts a business. A.Consumer B. Investor C. Manager D. Entrepreneur 答案：D3.__________ is the amount of money that a companyhas after all expenses have been pd. A. Revenue B.Profit C. Investment D. Budget 答案：B第二部分：语法练习题1.Choose the sentence that contns an error insubject-verb agreement. A. The team is planning itsstrategy for the game. B. The committee have finallyreached a decision. C. The company is expanding itssales force. D. The administration has promised toaddress the issue. 答案：B2.Choose the correct form of the verb to complete thesentence. The marketing department __________ everyone to attend the meeting. A. wants B. want C. has wanted D.will want 答案：A3.Choose the sentence that contns an error in verbtense. A. The company hired a new employee last week. B.The sales team has been preparing for the trade show for months. C. The manager was reviewing the financialreport when the phone rang. D. The project will becompleted by the end of the week. 答案：D第三部分：阅读理解练习题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Many companies use social media to promote their products and connect with customers. However, some companies have learned the hard way that social media can also be a double-edged sword. Inappropriate or insensitive posts can quickly go viral and damage a company’s reputation.One example of this is the case of a famous clothing company that was criticized for a tweet that made light of a serious political situation. The tweet received widespread backlash and the company issued a public apology, but the damage had already been done.Another example is the case of a fast-food restaurant that was accused of underpaying its employees. A former employee started a social media campgn that gned momentum and putpressure on the company to increase its wages. The company eventually responded by rsing its base pay.These examples illustrate the power of social media andthe impact it can have on a company’s image and bottom line. Companies that use social media need to be careful and thoughtful about what they post and how they respond to criticism.1.What is one risk of using social media forpromotion? A. Customers may not see the posts. B.Competitors may copy the posts. C. Posts may beinappropriate or insensitive. D. Social media may be too expensive. 答案：C2.What was the result of the clo thing company’stweet? A. The company gned many new customers. B. Thetweet was ignored by the public. C. The companyapologized and took responsibility. D. The companycontinued to make similar tweets. 答案：C3.How did social media pressure the fast-food companyto increase its wages? A. Many employees went on strike.B. The government passed new laws.C. A former employeestarted a social media campgn. D. The company’s profits began to decline. 答案：C第四部分：写作练习题Some people believe that businesses exist solely to make a profit, while others argue that businesses have a responsibility to contribute to society in other ways. In my opinion, businesses should strive to make a positive impact on society while also making a profit.Firstly, businesses have a responsibility to their employees. They should provide fr wages, safe working conditions, and opportunities for professional development. By treating employees well, companies can create a positive work culture and improve employee retention.Secondly, businesses have a responsibility to the environment. They should strive to minimize their impact on the planet by reducing waste, using sustnable resources, and implementing eco-friendly practices. By doing so, companies can contribute to a healthier planet for future generations.Finally, businesses have a responsibility to their communities. They should give back by supporting local charities, sponsoring community events, and promoting volunteerism among employees. By doing so, companies can build goodwill and strengthen their ties to the community.In conclusion, businesses have a responsibility to be profitable, but they should also strive to make a positive impact on society. By treating employees well, caring for the environment, and giving back to the community, companies can build a better world for everyone.。
商务英语综合教程复习整理HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】商务综合英语复习整理翻译Unit11.随着中国市场经济的不断发展，中国广电传媒市场也日趋成熟，呈现出了一副百花齐放、百家争鸣的景象。
(broadcasting media, all styles of art and all schools of thought)With the ongoing development of China’s market economy, Chinese broadcasting media is becoming more sophisticated day by day, which fits perfectly the Chinese saying:“All styles of art and all schools of thought are given the freedom to contend with each other”2.传统的电视传播观念已不能适应当今多样化的媒体传播格局和竞争需要。
(diversified mass media)The traditional TV broadcasting concept can hardly adapt to today’s diversified mass media or meet the requirements for competition.3.新媒体设计是相对于传统媒体设计而言的，它具有综合性、实时性、交互性等多种特点。
(be contrasted with)The new media design is contrasted with the traditional design and is comprehensive, instantaneity time and interactivity.4.和法语一样，汉语也朝着进化的道路坚定地迈出了一步。
商务英语复习资料及答案注意：括号内的黑体字是上面部分的答案！！单词1. airport2. business3. company4. file5. equipment6. staff7. product8. department9. 市场分额10. 总经理11. agreement 12. board13. customer 14. pricelist 15. flight 16. post17. quality 18. warehouse 19. 船公司20. 总销售额21.printer 22. catalog 23. advertisement 24.market share25.quality control 26.business competition 27. personnel department(1 机场 2 生意3公司4卷宗，文件 5 设备6 员工7产品8 部门9 market share 10 general manager 11. 协议12. 董事会13. 顾客14. 价目表15. 航班16. 邮件17. 质量18. 仓库19. shipping company 20. total sales 21。
打印机22。
目录23。
广告24。
市场份额25。
质量控制26。
商业竞争27。
人事部)单项选择题1. I’m in computers. What about you? _______A. Oh, I live in London.B. Well, I work in Sales.C. Oh, I’ve been here for years.D. I am getting on very well.2. Q uite often I meet our customers, especially some important ________.A .people B. ones C. one D. customer3. When you are seeing a customer off at the station, you will say “______”.A. Sorry to say bye-byeB. Sorry, enjoy yourself.C. Have a good journey back.D. Many thanks.4. How do you do? ______A. How do you do?B. How is your family?C. How are you?D. Fine.5. Businessmen have to spend _________ time finding a customer.A. a fewB. lots ofC. a number ofD. a great deal of6. The flight was cancelled ______ the snow.A. becauseB. because ofC. so thatD. why7. Let’s have a meeting, ________?A. will weB. shall weC. must weD. do we8. Mr. Wang spent a lot of time ______ the letters and faxes.A. inB. onC. withD. for9. Do you mind if I use your computer?A. At ten past eightB. Well. I am in a bit of hurry.C. Sorry, I’m not free.D. Sorry, I’m using.10. Why not _______ some A4 paper in the next room?A. go and gettingB. go and getC. going and gettingD. going and to get11.---Let me introduce myself. I’m Albert.--- __________________________A. What a pleasure!B. It’s my pleasure!C. Pleased to meet you.D. I’m very pleased.12. We need to get four _________ to finish the task.A. woman clerksB. women clerkC. woman clerkD. women clerks13. _____ is your father?He is an engineer.A. WhereB. HowC. WhatD. When14. May I speak to Mr. Smith?________.A. No, byeB. I’m smithC. Y ou dialed the wrong numberD. Speaking, please.15. We are looking forward to ______ our friends next week.A. seeB. seeingC. be seeingD. having seen16. We cannot see any possibility of business ______ your price is too high.A. sinceB. whileC. thoughD. that17. There ________ 3 sections under the Production Department.A. haveB. hasC. areD. is18. M.B.A stands fo r ________.A. Master and Bachelor of ArtB. Master of Business ArtC. Master of Business AdministrationD. Machinery Business Assistant19. It is better if you make a phone call ______ you visit a customer.A. beforeB. afterC. whenD. then20. Shall we have a cup of coffer _____ go into the discussion?A. butB. andC. soD. or21. Wish you a good journey!_______.A. Bye-byeB. Thank youC. So do youD. See you next time.22. May I speak to Mr. Smith?________.A. No, byeB. I’m smithC. Y ou dialed the wrong numberD. Speaking, please.23.I have no idea what to do next.___________.A. I don’t know, too.B. Y ou can help me do something.C. Why not play basketball together?D. I can help you.24. Mr. Wang spent a lot of time ______ the letters and faxes.A. inB. onC. withD. for25.I would like to have a wor d ______ you.A. toB. forC. withD. at26.Our manager is looking forward ______ doing business with you.A. forB. withC. inD. to27. It is better if you make a phone call ______ you visit a customer.A. beforeB. afterC. whenD. then28.Shall we have a cup of coffer _____ go into the discussion?A. butB. andC. soD. or29. ______ department are you from?Sales.A. WhatB. WhichC. WhereD. When30. Do you mind _______ a message for me?A. leaveB. takeC. leavingD. taking31. The colleague advised me _______ a seco nd try on the business.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had32. Y ou’d better _____ with the boss at the m omen t, because he is angry with you.A. to talkB. not to talkC. talkD. not talk33. _______ samples are there in the room?About 20.A. How oftenB. How manyC. How muchD. How few34. How often do you travel abroad?________A. Once a mont hB. Three timesC. Two thirdsD. Forty percent35. Businessmen have to spend _________ time finding a customer.A. a fewB. lots ofC. a number ofD. a great deal of三、连线题(1)--How is business? ___________1______________--How do you like it here? ______2_______________--How was the conference? ______3_______________--How are the job interviews going? _____4___________--Can I use your telephone? ____________5_______A. Of course, go ahead.B. So-so. Our sales are down this year.C. OK. We have only two more persons waiting outside.D. Quite good. There were some interesting speakers there.E. It’s great! I’ll be sorry to go back.(1) B E D C A(2)1 Where did you work? __________1________2 Why did you enjoy your job? ______2____________3 Who did you work for? ________3_________4 Did you have to work hard? _______4___________5 Did you get to know a lot of people? ______5___________A. It was exciting.B. Y es, I got on well with my boss and colleagues.C. Y es. I did a lot of overtime.D. I worked in the Sales Department.E. Jim Smith, a foreigner.(2) D A E C B(3)____1___ works with the production side of the company.____2___ makes sure that customers know about the new products.____3___ hires new employees.____4___ buys the material for the company.____5___ develops new productsA. Research and DevelopmentB. PersonnelC. ProductionD. AdvertisingE. Purchasing(3) C D B E A四、正确形式填空1. We hope to get more_____ about them. (information)2. Our office _______ (open) at 9am every morning.3. They ______ the factory next Tuesday. (visit)4. _____ _____ ten computers in the office. (there be)5. We are very pleased ______ you here today. (meet)6. Our goods _____ popular there (be)7. Last week, I _______a new car (buy)8. Our office _______ (close) at 7pm.9. How about _____ a meeting next week? (hold)10. The company ______ 6 branch offices (have)(1. information 2. opens 3. will visit 4. There are 5. to meet 6. are 7. bought 8. closes 9. holding 10. has)介词1. We are very glad to hear _____ you.2. They both work _____ ABC Company.3. I’m _____ to attend a meeting.4. May I have a word with you _____ a while.5. We have to travel around _____ business.6. Tom spent a lot of time dealing _____ the e-mail and post.7. The accountant is responsible _____ the numbers and figures.8. Don’t forget to turn the lights ____ before you leave the company.9. He works ____ the manager of the company.10. They decided to major _____ business management.11. Let’s keep ____ touch.（1. from 2. for/in 3. off 4. for 5. on 6. with 7. for8. off 9. as 10. in 11. in）五、阅读理解1）A: Hello. This is Simm’s Heating. Can I help you?B: Y es. Give me the Manager.A: I’m sorry, he is not in at the moment.B: Well, that’s typical. I’ve got a complaint and there’s nobody to deal with it.A: What is the problem, sir?B: Well, I bought a central hearing system from you and it’s given nothing but trouble.A: I’m sorry to hear that, sir. Have you asked our service engineers to check it?B: Y eh, yeh. They’ve been here lots of times but it’s s till just as bad. Well, I’m fed up. I want my money back.A: I’m afraid I can’t make that decision, sir. It really is a matter for the manager.B: Well, when can I speak to him?A: He’s due in the office any time now. Shall I ask him to call you back?B: Will he be back before 2 pm?A: He should be, sir.B: Well, if it is before 2 pm, he can call me. Otherwise it will have to be tomorrow.A: I see, sir. And what’s your name and number, please?B: The name is Sampson, Roger Sampson, and the number is 374629.A: Is that a Sampson with a “ P”?B: Y es, it is.A: Right, sir. I’ll give your massage to the manager and I’m sure he’ll call you back as soon as he can.B: OK. Bye.A: Goodbye.1．Who is the caller?2．What’s wrong with the heating system?3．Why does the caller want to talk to the manager?4．When will the manager get back?5．What is the meaning of “fed up”?(1. Roger Sampson2. It can’t work smoothly even though the service engineers check it many times3. He is making a complaint and wants to get the money back.4. He should be back before 2 pm.5. 不堪忍受；不能忍受)2)Office Supply: Office Supply. Good morning. Can I help you?Caller: Good morning. I would like some information about the easy print II.Office Supply: What exactly would you like to know?Caller: First of all, how much does it cost?Office Supply: Can you hold on a minute. I should check it. We offer it at $ 660.Caller: $660, I see. What sort of warranty do you offer on that? Is it a one-year warranty?Office Supply: Yes, it is. 12 months from the date of purchase.Caller: Good. Could you tell me something about service? Do you offer on-site service?Office Supply: Yes. We do. It’s free for the length of warranty, then $120 a year after that. Caller: Right. What about other guarantee?Office Supply: Well, there is a14-day money-back if you are not satisfied with the printer. Or if you have any problems, just bring it in and you can have a refund.Caller: Fine. What about delivery? How soon can you deliver it to my office?Office Supply: Well. We usually have the Easy print in stock, but I’m afraid there’s a slight delay on orders at the moment . We could let you have it at the end of the month.Caller: Oh. That means another four weeks.Questions:1.What sort of warranty is offered if one buys the printer?2.Do they offer on-site service?3.Under what circumstances can the customer get a refund if he/she is not satisfied with theprinter?4.What’s the charge（收费）for service？5.Can the customer get the printer right now? Why/ why not?(1. It is a one-year warranty.12 months from the date ofpurchase.2. Y es, they do.3. There is a14-day money-back if you are not satisfied with the printer. Or if you have any problems, just bring it in and you can have a refund.4. It’s free for the len gth of warranty, then $120 a year after that.5. No, because there’s a slight delay on orders at the moment. )3)Jane: What kind of work do you do?Lily: I was a computer programmer at first. I’m in training now.Jane: What do you do exactly?Lily: I’m in charge of training people in our computer to use computers. Everyone has a computer in their office. My job is to teach them how to put it to use best for their job. I go from department to department, analyze their needs and work out the program suitable to their work.Jane: So do you write programs?Lily: Not any more. I have four people working under me. I spent most of the time doing the training, and doing all that goes with being head of a department.Jane: Do you ever travel?Lily: I never travel, but I have a lot of meetings.Jane: Do you like this kind of work?Lily: I like the contact with the people, I never realized that I’d like teaching people so much……Questions:6. What kind of work does Lily do?7. What’s her job responsibility?8. What does she spend a lot time on?9. Does she travel a lot?10. Does Lily like her job?(6. She is in training. /She trains people in the company to use computers.7. Her job is to teach them how to put it to use best for their job. She goes from department to department, analyze their needs and work out the program suitable to their work.8. She spends most of the time doing the training.9. No, she doesn’t. She never travels.10. No, she doesn’t.)六、句子/短文翻译(1)1. Long time no see. How are you these days?2. The manager is having a meeting with foreign clients now.3. Many people take a plane when they are on business.4. 你可以把电话号码告诉我吗？5. 我想把我的朋友黎明介绍给你。
商务英语综合教程(1)期末考试复习资料Unit 1 College LifeⅠ. Paraphrase（2′×5=10′）1. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is like an energizing as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.A fact is no longer a mere fact: it is endowed with all kinds of possibilities. We don′t take it a burden to memorize it anymore. It is like an energetic poet who describes vividly our wonderful dreams, and an architect who can help us fulfill our goals.2. Imagination is not to be discovered from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts.Imagination should not be separated from the facts: it is a way of interpreting the facts.3. Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline, this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life.Young people are imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline, then this kind of imagination will, to a great extent, be kept, and benefit them a lot in the future.4. Those reflection upon the general functions of a university can be at once translated in terms of the particular functions of a business school.The opinion about the general functions of a university can be at once explained through the particular functions of a business school.5. It requires an imaginative understanding of laws of political economy, not merely in the abstract, but also with the power to construe them in terms of the particular circumstances of a concrete business.It requires an imaginative understanding of laws of political economy, not only in the abstract, but also with the ability to understand them in concrete business situation.6. It requires that discipline of character which can say “yes”and “no”to other men, not only by reason of blind obstinacy, but with firmness derived from a conscious evaluation of relevant alternatives.It requires that students should cultivate such a discipline of character that their agreement or disagreement with others is based on their consideration and evaluation of relevant alternatives instead of out of their stubbornness.7. There can be no criticism of the custom, but there may be an unfortunate effect—prolonged routine work dulls the imagination.This practice is not wrong and should not be criticized, but long-period routine work will reduce the imagination of young people.8. Hence, instead of a drudgery issuing in a blind rule of thumb, the properly trained man has some hope of obtaining an imagination disciplined by detailed facts and necessary habits.The properly trained man will not do the routine tedious work only by experience. Instead, he hopes to obtain an imagination trained by detailed facts and necessary habits.Ⅱ. Translation（2′×5=10′）1. 有些人总是从钱的角度考虑问题。
Some people always consider matters in terms of money.2. 真正的教育不在于简单地讲授事实。
Real education does not consist in simply being taught facts.3. 我们一定不能把理论与实践脱离开。
We mustn′t divorce theory from practice.4. 他认为凭经验做事不可靠。
He considers it unreliable to do things by rule of thumb.5. 我们的成功在很大程度上是做好充分准备的结果。
Our success, in large measure, is the result of our adequate preparation.Unit2 Learning to LearnⅠ. Paraphrase （2′×5=10′）1. Born to succeed, it seemed, she was more than willing to sacrifice herself in the name of achievement.As she had been expected to succeed since she was born, it seemed that she was happy to give up her own interest for the sake of success.2. Many students today display a distributing willingness to choose academic institutions, fields of study and careers on the basis of earning potential.Many students today choose universities, majors and professions according to the potential of earning money, but they also feel worried or upset because the decision is not based on their own interest or likes.3. Degrees in economics are marketable and likely to garner their holders high salaries without the added effort of medical or law school.Graduates with degrees in economics are more likely to find a job and earn high salaries, while at the same time they don′t need to make efforts like those who study medicine or law.4. They are satisfied with the game of institutionalized education—play by the rules, play hard, win the degree.They are happy with the requirements of a university. They follow the rules study hard and then get a degree.5. In treating learning as a means to an end, this generation has chipped away at the quality of its education and consequently, as its quality of life.Thinking that the purpose of learning is to develop one′s potential for earning money, young people of this generation has reduced the quality of education and as a result, has reduced the quality of life.Ⅱ. Translation（2′×5=10′）1. 很长时间以来医生们把这种疾病的起因归于一种未知的病毒。
