2004 2004
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12:00-12:30 12:30-13:10
13:10-13:20 13:20-14:10 14:10-15:00 15:00-15:50 15:50-16:40 Lab 1 IF Lab 2 Lab 3 Lab 4 RF IQ
Advanced Radio Design Verification Workshop
Signal Generator
Vector Signal Analyzer
Spectrum Analyzer
Digitizing Oscilloscope
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
Version 1.0
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Agenda
? During this session, we will:
? Review the typical digital radio block diagram and R&D lifecycle ? Examine how signal generators and analyzers (SG/SA) are used within the R&D lifecycle ? Discuss the key features/benefits of the Agilent’s ESG/ESA for digital radio R&D
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
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1
Superheterodyne radio architecture
Digital signal processor/FPGA
DAC
I Filter
x
0 deg
FIR Encoder Symbol Encoder
IF Filter
IF LO Q FIR
DAC
+
x
RF LO
PA
Filter
x
90 deg
T R A N S M I T T E R
Baseband
Digital signal processor/FPGA ADC Filter I
Frequency conversion
Amplification
x
0 deg
FIR Decoder Symbol Decoder FIR
IF FILTER
Preselecting filter
IF LO ADC Filter Q
x
LNA
x
90 deg RF LO
R E C E I V E R
Baseband
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
Frequency conversion
Amplification
3
Receiver architecture progression
RF IF Baseband
ADC
DSP
Superheterodyne
RF LO Analog
IF LO Digital
Zero IF
RF
DAC
Baseband
ADC
Direct digital conversion
DSP
RF LO Analog Digital
Baseband to RF
ADC
DSP
Analog
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
Digital
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2
Why and what do we tests?
Use different test stimuli and signal analysis techniques to optimize capacity
Modulator
Demod
EVM Phase Noise
NF IMD
TOI ACPR
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
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SG/SA role in the digital radio R&D Lifecycle
Subsystem/Platform Design
Architecture Subsystem Development Platform Development
Product Realization
Product Design
Pilot Mfg.
? SS/SA connected solution with Agilent ADS plays a key role in architecture design optimization of new devices that will meet cost, performance, size, feature requirements
Architecture Stage
? Baseband Development ?Verify and troubleshot DSP and ASIC coding algorithms ? RFICs Development ?RF/IQ Transceiver ?RF Power Amp ?SAW filter ?Duplexer ?Modulator, Mixer ?VCO ?LNA
Subsystem Stage
? Baseband & RF/IQ IC Integration ? Parametric verification ?Rx sensitivity ?Rx selectivity ?Tx quality in-channel ?Tx quality in-band ?Tx quality out-of-band ? Early functional verification
Platform Stage
? RF Circuit Design ? RF & Baseband Integration ? Parametric verification ?Rx sensitivity ?Rx selectivity ?Tx quality in-channel ?Tx quality in-band ?Tx quality out-of-band ? Early functional verification ?Interference ?FTM Rx Test
Product Stage
I & V Cycle
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
I & V Cycle
I & V Cycle
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Architecture design/simulation solution for digital radio
Merging Simulation and Measurement
Connected Solutions
Connected Solutions - bridging simulation & test ESG DUT
Vector Signal Generator
Architecture design/simulation solution
E4440A PSA OR 89600 VSA
From ADS into ESG From SA into ADS
ESA-E
E4406A VSA
HW Avail. for Test
Design Modeled in ADS
Accelerate Verification Testing, Find and Fix Issues Early in the Design Process, Reduce System Integration Risk
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Power amplifier tested in real-world conditions PA Input Spectrum
EVM = 6.7%
Architecture design/simulation solution
PA Output Spectrum
EVM = 8.9%
System amplitude distortions and intersymbol interference result in distorted constellation input to the amplifier
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
HW Avail. for Test
Spectral re-growth due to PA amplitude distortion
Design Modeled in ADS
9
Architecture design/simulation solution
Signal Analyzers ESG Sig. Gen. DUT ESG Sig. Gen. DUT
896XX VSA
.sdf file
Test Signal from DUT Impairments Modeled in Simulation Signal Source Modeled in Simulation Custom Measurement Algorithms in Simulation Simulation Signal Source Reference Signal Simulation Receiver Design BER Measurement
Custom Signal Format and Impairments Modeled in ADS Use ADS to Create Custom RF Test Signals & Custom Measurements When Test Solutions Don’t Exist
Connected Solution BER Measurement in ADS
Use ADS to Extend Test Equipment Functionality Into New Areas Such as BER
Extend the Capability and Value of Test Instrumentation, Improve the Final Product
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Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
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RF development solution for digital radio
RFIC and RF subsystem stimulus/response measurements Test a variety of modulation formats and popular radio formats Test RF ICs & subsystems with realistic signals to simulate operating conditions
ESG / PSG RF test stimulus
LO
90o 90o
Minimize test uncertainty with high-performance RF measurements
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
PSA VSA ESA RF measurements
General-purpose RF measurement capability
11
Creating a Custom Test Signal from Simulation
RFIC and RF subsystem stimulus/response measurements
ESG/PSG Sig. Gen. DUT ESG E443XB, ESG E4438C, PSG Signal Generator RF Test Signal Containing Simulated Impairments
Turn Simulated Signal into Real RF Test Signal
Modeled Design in ADS
ADS-ESG Sink: Downloads I & Q Data from ADS to ESG/PSG
ADS Design SW
All Versions of ADS
Potential applications and benefits include:
? System Designer- Create custom test signals with simulation impairments ? Component Designer- Use realistic signals for testing
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
? Add Impairments- To evaluate “performance limits” ? Include Design Distortions- Model RF circuit / baseband designs in simulaton
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6
Analyzing Your Design in Simulation Using Measured Signals
RFIC and RF subsystem stimulus/response measurements
Signal Analyzers DUT Bring Measured Signal Into Simulation to Use as Simulation Stimulus
Modeled Design in ADS
Potential applications and benefits include: ? Record Signal on Test Bench- source
the signal into simulation; simulate for verification ? Model Missing Hardware in Simulation ? Reuse Components- Evaluate off-the-shelf components or existing hardware; simulate impact on system performance
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
ADS Design SW
89600 VSA SW in ADS
89600 Simulation Measurement Software in ADS: Common measurement algorithms Similar user-interface for both simulation and test Dynamic display with test equipment look and feel PC only
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RF development : 16QAM
I
RFIC and RF subsystem stimulus/response measurements ESG PSA, ESA or VSA
RF
90o
LO
Q Modulator/ Demodulator
Modulated signals
? ? ? ? Spectrally correct signals Multiple channel types Vary physical layer parameters Vary crest factor
PA/LNA
Signal quality measurement
? ACLR/CCDF ? EVM/modulation accuracy ? Spectrum emissions
mixer Filter ADC
General-purpose signals
? Interference/noise ? Two-tone/multitone
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
General-purpose measurements
? Noise figure ? Phase noise/jitter ? TOI/harmonic distortion
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LO Filter
7
Early integration and verification test (pre-protocol) Test wireless devices that accommodate multiple radio formats Change physical/transport layer parameters to test Rx corner cases In-channel demodulation + in-band & out-of-band spectral measurements Use stimulus/measurement presets to verify compliance with regulatory standards
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
BB/RF integration and verification solution
ESG Rx test stimulus
PSA, ESA or VSA for Tx measurements
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BB/RF integration and verification solution
54800 series scope + 89601A Signal Analysis Software
For RF Engineers ? Scope as Supplement, Analyze RF Spans > 80 MHz, most cases IF
? 54850 series = Spans > 800 MHz, data packet < 50 us (UWB, Satellite, Radar)
? Fine Print (tradeoffs of memory vs. price vs. noise for spans < 800 MHz vs. 54830 series)
? 54830 series = 80 MHz < Spans < 800 MHz, data packet < 4 ms (UWB-OFDM, UWBQPSK, Satellite, Radar, …)
For Digital/Firmware Engineers
? Scope First, VSA capability Second
? Functional debug of RF enabled products
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
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8
89601A Vector Signal Analysis Software
Designed to measure the RF and modulation quality of digitally modulated signals. Capabilities: FFT based spectrum analysis Fast and high freq resolution Flexible modulation analysis Most demodulators on the market “RF scope” measurements Select the portion of signal for FFT, set trigger point, and more
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
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Agilent Spectrum Analyzers
e Mor nce ma or Perf
PSA Series
High performance
8560EC Series
Super midperformance
3 Hz to 50 GHz 3 Hz to 44 GHz 3 Hz to 26.5 GHz 3 Hz to 13.2 GHz 3 Hz to 6.7 GHz
ESA-E Series
Mid-performance
ESA-L Series
Basic performance
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9
Flexible Modulation Analysis on PSA
PSA opt 241
? Digital Demod formats
? ? ? ? BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, 8PSK, D8PSK, EDGE Pi/4DQPSK, DQPSK, MSK type1/2 QAM(16,32,64,128,256) FSK(2,4,8)
Highest performance SA with embedded demod analysis
? Pre-defined set-ups for comms standards ? Displays ?
? ? Modulation Error Summary Tables, Eye (IQ) diagrams, constellation diagrams, Magnitude error v’s time, phase error v’s time, error vector time
? Adaptive Equalization Filter
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D 19
PSA Series: Performance for Great Measurements
Frequency range: World’s highest frequency range without external mixing Accurate measurement with ease-of-use 3 Hz to 6.7/13.2/26.5/44/50 GHz World’s fastest low-level spur search to 50 GHz Saves time 80MHz (option), >75dB of dynamic range Industry’s most accurate spectrum analyzer Reduces test margins & improves yields 0.62 dB( 0.16 dB typ) @ 1GHz, 3.24 dB( 1.06 dB typ) @ 50GHz Industry’s most usable dynamic range Measure smaller signals in presence of large signals easier 2 dB attenuator steps to 50 GHz Distortion free DR: 122 dB @ 1GHz (preamp on) DANL: -167 dBm @ 1 GHz (preamp on) Phase noise (dBc/Hz, CF=1 GHz): -114 (10 kHz), -144 (1 MHz) Floppy drive, IntuiLink, BenchLink Web Remote control, LAN, GPIB, VXI plug-n-play drivers
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Speed to 50 GHz: Demodulation BW: Amplitude accuracy:
Dynamic range:
Connectivity:
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
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BB/RF integration solution - Signal Studio
A suite of PC-based software tools used to create I/Q waveforms for popular communication formats, radar test patterns, and common non-linear distortion test signals.
? Convenient graphical user interface ? Makes it easy to use the ESG to generate signals that comply with emerging communications standards ? Quick deployment for emerging technologies
LAN or GPIB
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
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BB/RF integration solution with fading
the Problem: Engineers ultimately want to test the performance (BER/BLER) of their receivers under realistic conditions – the wireless channel
the Solution: A digital channel simulator that integrates seamlessly with the E4438C ESG and 8960
ESG
Digital Bus
Analog I/Q RF
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Baseband Studio for Fading
Key Features
One or two channel fading ? Up to two channels for testing with antenna diversity or interfering signals A variety of fading profiles ? Rayleigh, Rician, Suzuki, or Doppler shift Preconfigured setups for wireless formats ? WLAN, W-CDMA, GSM, 1xEV-DO and others New channel simulation method – Simple and Accurate
Baseband Studio for Streaming E4438C ESG Digital Bus RF Analog IQ
Simple and easy AWGN ? Digital accuracy in C/N Optimize paths and bandwidth ? Choose up to 48 paths or 30 MHz bandwidth
DUT
Programmable control with built-in API ? Automate the channel simulation process
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Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
Key Enablers for Digital Device R&D
SG Key Enablers
? Only “real-time” baseband generator
? Long signal patterns without repetition ? Change signal parameters on the fly without waveform rebuild
SA + 89601A Key Enablers
? High accuracy
? Reduce measurement uncertainty ? Minimize “over” design typically required to accommodate uncertainty
? Connected solution with Agilent ADS ? Most complete set of fully coded personalities
? Most flexibility in terms of modifying coding parameters
? Most complete set of RF power and demodulation measurements ? Most complete set of transmitter quality measurements
? In-channel (Rho, EVM, Code Domain Power, Power vs. Time, CCDF, OBW), Inband (ACPR, ORFS), and Out-of-band (Spurious emissions)
? Dual-mode baseband generator with largest memory capacity
? Flexible arbitrary waveform playback & real-time generation ? Up to 64 Msamples playback memory
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
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Product positioning for digital radio development
? ? ? ? ?
Early adopters/technology infancy Physical layer test Highly flexible RF chain No protocol/signaling Strong general-purpose capability
Signal analyzers & generators versus Single-box wireless tester
? ? ? ?
Physical layer + protocol/signaling Limited flexibility in RF chain Provide call processing capability Limited general-purpose capability
RF Development BB/RF Integration BB Development
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
Parametric Verification
Architecture
Functional Verification
Agilent Restricted25
Labs Overviews
? These labs highlight the RF/baseband integration and early functional verification stages and provides a high level overview of how the signal generators and analyzers are used during these development stages.
? Lab 1: Generating digital IQ and digital IF signal for baseband design verification
? Key message: New tools to reduce the digital transceiver design iterations
? Lab 2: Phase noise Analysis
? Key message: Log plot measurements, Displayed average noise level (DANL) measurements, Integrated noise measurements and Spot frequency measurements
? Lab 3: ESG/PSG Modulated-Signal Library
? Key message: turn simulated signal into a real RF test signal and demodulate the simulation-defined test signal.
? Lab 4: Wideband RF and Baseband transmitter analysis
? Key message: use WLAN transmitter as an example, identifying impairments in the transmitter chain, both RF and baseband portions.
Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D 26
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Signal Sources & Analyzers in Digital Radio R&D
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Agilent “Advanced Radio Design Verification workshop” – Baseband Design Verification
Generating and Analyzing Digital IQ and Digital IF Signal for Baseband Design Verification Objectives of the Lab: We’ll use a QPSK signal (W-CDMA) as an example to demonstrate N5102A Baseband Studio digital signal interface module’s ability to interface with a variety of devices access to real-world signals in the baseband domain flexible data formatting for troubleshooting digital IF ability Required Equipment: 1. N5102A module & power supply & break-out boards (included with purchase) 2. E4438C ESG with: Option 003 – digital output connectivity Option 601/602 – baseband generator with digital bus capability 3. DAC evaluation board (Analog Devices AD9777-EB) & power supply 4. Infiniium oscilloscope 5. E444xA PSA Part 1: Flexible interface Given information about the Analog Devices DAC from the customer (② on next page), learn how to connect the Agilent equipment to the DAC, and obtain the following sine wave output (① below).
①
I-out from ESG rear panel
I-out from DAC
Agilent Technology Inc. Copyright ? 2004
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Agilent “Advanced Radio Design Verification workshop” – Baseband Design Verification
②
Analog Devices AD9777 characteristics: 1. 16-bit Dual DAC is on an evaluation board (EB) with interpolaters and an IQ modulator. 2. TTL / CMOS / LVPECL compatible 3. Single 3.3V supply operation 4. Twos complement / straight binary data coding 5. MSB first 6. Up to 160 MSPS input/output data rate (actually has 2 modes: 160 MSPS / 400 MSPS) 7. 40-pin right angle header (male) output connectors
Relevant AD9777-EB connectors
Power (+)
CLKVDD CLKGND
Power (-)
Ground for scope probe
Clock output to scope
DATACLK
CLKIN OUT1
Clock input from module Q output
AD9777
OUT2
I output to scope
RP4
Data pin on resistor pack
1. First, connect the equipment and DAC, using the info (②) above to help. a. Use digital bus cable to connect ESG and interface module. Remember the module’s power supply. (Note that you must squeeze in the ‘release latches’ on the sides of the cable’s head to protect the pins when connecting, and the end with the EMI shield must connect to the ESG to protect against emissions. See User’s Guide for photos & help.) b. Determine which break-out board will connect to the DAC. This is the board labeled Dual 40-pin, to match requirement 7 in ② above. Note that R&D engineer would ordinarily need to stop at this point to go create ribbon cables, but we are providing all kinds of break-out boards. c. For the clock source, please use the module’s internal clock: take the clock from its Clock Out port to the DAC’s CLK IN. SMA-type cable is required. d. A frequency reference must also lock the ESG clock with the digital data clock. Take 10 MHz Out from the ESG to Freq Ref on the module. BNC cable required. e. Supply power to the DAC (A voltage regulator, created in our lab, that attaches to the 5V and GND pins on the break-out board. This feeds off the module’s 5-V supply and steps down the voltage to 3.3V for the DAC.)
Agilent Technology Inc. Copyright ? 2004
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Agilent “Advanced Radio Design Verification workshop” – Baseband Design Verification
2. Now set up the data output to be compatible with the DAC.
Instructions: E4438C Keystrokes: E4438C
Access the N5102A interface menu Choose the correct port and logic (caution: if you choose the wrong logic, you will probably damage the device & interface module) Config Bit Order (all other settings remain unchanged)
[Preset] {Aux Fctn} {N5102A Interface} {Port} {Parallel} {Return}; {Logic Type} {3.3V CMOS} {Data Setup} {More} {Bit Order} {MSB}
Extra Tip: If we select a smaller Word Size than 16 bits in the Data Setup menu, then we see changes in resolution. If we select 4 bits, only the 4 most significant bits are transmitted.
14 bits
4 bits
3. In the Clock Setup menu, the default settings are just fine. 4. In the ESG’s ARB (arbitrary waveform generator), transmit a sine wave signal:
Instructions: E4438C Keystrokes: E4438C
Turn on a since wave signal on the ESG
[Mode] {Dual ARB} {Select Waveform} {SINE_TEST_WFM} {Select Waveform} {ARB On}
5. Now you can connect the I-data output to the oscilloscope, and see the expected sine waves. a. Take the ESG rear panel output to channel 1. b. Take the DAC data output to channel 2. c. Turn on the digital outputs: [Aux Fctn] / N5102A Interface / N5102A On
Instructions: E4438C Keystrokes: E4438C
Turn on the digital outputs
[Aux Fctn] {N5102A Interface} {N5102A On} d. Press [Autoscale] on the scope, and change horizontal scale to get desired display.
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