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人教版八年级英语上时态讲义及练习

人教版八年级英语上时态讲义及练习
人教版八年级英语上时态讲义及练习

人教版八年级英语上册时态知识总结

一般现在时

一.动词变化:一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。

在加词尾-s时要注意:

情况加法例词

一般情况加-s reads, writes, says

以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的词加-es teaches, washes, guesses,

fixes, goes

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-es try-tries

carry-carries

二.一般现在时表示:

(1)表示现在的状态, 例如:He’s twelve.

(2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作, 常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple.

(4)表示客观、普遍的真理。Two and four makes six.

三句型

1. 肯定句结构: 主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语

(1) 行为动词:

a. 主语为第一、二人称、复数人称时(I, you, we, they, the boys),主语+动词原形+宾语。

They go to school every day.

b.主语为第三人称单数时(it, he,she, Lily),主语+动词s/es+宾语。

Lily often likes singing.

(2)系动词(be): 主语+系动词+表语。

I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is…

2.否定句结构: 主语+be动词/行为动词+宾语/表语

(1) 行为动词:

a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时,主语+don’t+动词原形。

They don’t go to school every day.

b.主语为第三人称单数时,主语+doesn’t +动词原形。

Lily doesn’t like singing.

(2)系动词(be): 主语+is/am/are后加not+表语

I am not a worker.

3. 一般疑问句结构:

(1)行为动词

a. 主语为第一、二人称,复数人称时,Do+they/we/you+动词原形

Do they go to school every day? (Yes, they do. No, they don’t.

b.主语为第三人称单数时,Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形

Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.)(2) 系动词(be): is/am/are+主语+表语

Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, I’m not.)

4.特殊疑问句结构

特殊疑问词(what, how often, which, where,who)+一般疑问句?

(1)行为动词

What do they do every day?

How often does Peter go fishing?

(2) 系动词(be):

Who is the girl at that gate?

一般过去时

一.动词变化:一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态,在句中由主语+动词的

过去式来表达。

构成规则原形过去式

一般在动词末尾加-ed work worked

plant play planted played

结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d like

live

change

liked

lived

changed

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed plan(计划)

stop

drop

planned

stopped

dropped

以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i再加-ed carry

study

cry

carried

studied

cried

二.一般过去时表示:

(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用,如What did you have for breakfast this morning?

(2)表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作,这时常和表示频度的状语

连用,如Last term we often did experiments.

三.句型

1. 肯定句结构:

(1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式

The twins went to school two hours ago.

(2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was… 

They/We/You+were…

I was at home last night.

2.否定句结构:

(1) 行为动词: 主语+didn’t+动词原形

The twins didn’t go to school two hours ago.

(2)系动词(be): 主语+wasn’t/weren’t+表语。

ome last night.

I wasn’t at h

3. 一般疑问句结构:

(1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形…?

Did the twins go to school two hours ago?

(Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.)

(2)系动词(be): was/were+主语+表语…?

Were you at home last night?

(Yes, I was. No, I was’t.)

4.特殊疑问句结构

特殊疑问词(what, how often, which, where,who)+一般疑问句?

★频度副词:通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时,频率副词常放在行为动词之前,系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。

1.常见的频度副词有:always(总是,一直)、usually(通常)、often(常常,经常)、sometimes(有时候)、never(从不)、hardly ever(几乎从不)、every day(每天)。

2.频度副词的位置:

a.放在系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。

David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。

b.放在行为动词前。

We usually g o to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7:10去上学。

c. sometimes可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。

Sometimes I walk home, and sometimes I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。

3. every day 与everyday

a. every day作状语,译为“每一天”。如:

We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7:10去上学。

I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。

b. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么?

★练习

1. How often _does____ your father drink__(drink) wine?

2. His mother __comes___ (come) to see him once a week.

3. Her sister __will not stay___ (not stay) at home on Sundays.

4. Where __were___ (be) you last night?

5. She exercises every day. (划线部分提问)

__How often__ __does she __ exercise ?

6. Jim always does his homework after school.(改为否定句)

Jim ____never does__ his homework after school.

7. He never goes fishing, ___does he___?(完成反意疑问句)

8. He (go)__goes____to the park every day.

9. __Do____ Lucy and Lily (like)__ like ____China?

10. Li Lei(not like)__doesn't like____ to drink orange soda.

11. ___Did___Li Ming’s father

(have)_ have_____ his lunch at home?

12. Everybody (have)__has ____ a chance to win.

13.___ Did ___you make this cake last night? Yes. I did.

14.Did Tom ____go___ home at five yesterday?

___. He came home at six.

No, he ____didn’t

15.What ____did___ you ___buy____ at the store? I bought a camera.

16. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I __was_____.

17. Where did you catch the fish? I _______ it in the river near my house.

18.When I ______(knock)at his door, he was cooking.

19.Tom and I ______(am, are, was, were)late for school yesterday.

20.If you want to improve your spoken English, you must speak more ____ English ____.

A. everyday; every day;

B. every day; everyday;

现在进行时

一.动词变化:现在进行时由“am /is /are+动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下:

(1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。

stay-staying do-doing

listen-listening suffer-suffering

work-working spend-spending

look-looking

(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing。

make-making take-taking

give-giving ride-riding

please-pleasing refuse-refusing

close-closing operate-operating

(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing。

put-putting sit-sitting

run-running win-winning

begin-beginning

二.现在进行时表示:

(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,这时可以不用时间状语,也可以和now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词,如look(看),listen (听)。

What are you reading now?

Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.

(2)表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

They are working in a factory these days.

More and more people are giving up smoking.

(3)表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。

现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,即可以用来

代替将来时。

When are you leaving?

Are you going to Tibet tomorrow?

三.句型

1.肯定句结构: 主语+is/am/are+动词-ing…

例如: The boys are playing football now.

2.否定句结构: 在is/am/are后加not

playing football now.

例如: The boys aren’t

3. 一般疑问句结构: 把is/am/are提在主语前.

例如: Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.)

4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

一般将来时

一.动词变化:一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间

内经常的动作或状态。常与tomorrow,next 引导的短语(如next week),this

引导的短语(如this year),from now on;in the future等连用。

二.一般将来时的用法

(1)Will/Shall+ 动词原形

表示将要发生的动作或情况。

a. I will (shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。

b. Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗?

①在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,

这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。如:

We’ll only stay for two weeks. 我们只待两星期。

②在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征

求对方的意见,或是询问一个情况:

Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我们有课吗?

在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是在美国。例如:

How will I get there? 我怎么去?

(2)be going to+动词原形

①表示打算、准备做的事。如:

We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。

②表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。如:

I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。

There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this. 这事肯定会有很多麻烦。

③“will”句型与“be going to”句型区别。前者表示纯粹将来,后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情,更强调主语的主观意愿。如:

Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。

We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。

(3)用现在进行时表示。

表示位置转移的动词(如:go, come, leave, start, come, go, arrive, reach等),可用现在进行时态表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。如:

Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。

They’re leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。

I'm leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。

(4)用一般现在时表示。

①某些词,如come, go, leave, arrive, start, get, stay, live, fly等的一般现在时也可表示根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作.

The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。

He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车

The train leaves at 12:00. 火车12点开出。

②当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时,时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在

时表将来。如:

如果明天不下雨,我们If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic.

将出去野餐。

Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。

I’ll write to her when I have time. 我有空会给她写信。

(5)―be to+动词原形‖和―be about to+动词原形‖表示将来。

①―be to+动词原形‖表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如:

Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗?

The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。

He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他将访问日本。

②―be about to+动词原形‖表示即将发生的动作,意为:很快,马上。后面一般不

跟时间状语。

We are about to leave.我们马上就走。

I am about to get up, mum. 妈妈,我立刻就起床。

三.句型

1. 肯定句结构:

(1)用于书面语: 主语+will+动词…

例如: We will come to see you tomorrow

(2)用于口语: 主语+am/is/are going to+动词…

例如: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.

2.否定句结构:

(1)用于书面语: 在will后加not

例如: We won’t come to see you tomorrow. (will not=won’t)

(2)用于口语: 在is/am/are后加not.

例如: Tom isn’ going to see his uncle next Sunday.

3. 一般疑问句结构:

(1)用于书面语: 把will提在主语前.

例如: Will you come to see you tomorrow? (Yes, we will. No, we won’t.)

(2)用于口语: 把is/am/are提在主语前.

例如: Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday?

(Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.)

4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?

四.练习

1. I ______(leave)in a minute. I ______(finish)all my work before I ______

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