大学英语综合教程4第二版(上海外语教育出版社)unit9-how I found my voice 课后练习答案

全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案主编：荫华上海外语教育Unit 1Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler'smilitary campaigns failed because of theseverity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must berekoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin'sscorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow andStalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20 theRussian counter-offensive and the outcome ofthe warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancerin the near future.2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by thedelayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/shouldnever get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister offguard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered theslide rule out of date /obso lete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had togive up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural andmountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization.Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisivevictory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launchinga series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vastareas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/ homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, buthe turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how herfragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciategood health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anythingabout it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily getburned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the mostsophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is gettingincreasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in hisjudgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, thevillage neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gainedmuch ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced withstrong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed ourbattalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack.To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraidwe might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to takeagamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly droppedto minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caughtoff guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing inon5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to makethe cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English4. disturbing change5. fully developed prototype6. Cannedfoods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences ComprehensiveExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4)enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation1．1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound ofartillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causinga significant fall in living standards and an increase in socialproblem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closelycorrelated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutesrecently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at thesignal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and dobusiness. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3 Text AContent questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for andtherefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness --backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of theworst snowstorms in years and the international airport there wasclosed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he wasthe first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writerrecommends to job applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failedhis interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successfulinterviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennisplayer3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile,the New YorkMarathon and theVietnam veteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver. Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made adifference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crackat 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in theKing’s palace3) will be in readers’ hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1）applicants,veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’lltalk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way,I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone whocan read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminarin Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as littleeffort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent meare wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up 2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing,the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) thatshe had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together,we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, Iwould have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with strongerstructures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text AText rganization 1.2.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3.1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train orby bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife overmoney matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late wasunsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed,something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. academics3.a variety of5. vanish7. endorsing9. sweeping aside11. erasing(B)1. aided2.effects3.distances4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic 12. strike a2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committedUnit 5 TextAoganization 1.VocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current 2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about 5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting too long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except thatIII.Comprehensive exercisesI.Cloze1.1). insane 2).current 3). candid 4). capable 5). wastaken aback6). in good condition 7). constitution 8）. go all to pieces 9）. Gone broke 10）. vacancy 11）. mild 12）. deceptive2.1）. suspected 2）. pleading 3）. confirmed 4）stunned5） lucrative 6). jewellery 7). wealthy 8). urge 9).spell 10). arrestedII.Translation1.1)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, becausehe is something of an adventurer.2)He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposedto noises.3)The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto inforce.4)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting,but only a few turned up.5)The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments,changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. Forinstance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people likeEdward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He wasa tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lennywho was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture.What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent toLenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Key to Unit6, Book4 “The Pace of Life”Vocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedVocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inVocabulary 3is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape.Vocabulary 4reaction to; discontent; provokedconvention; evading tax; the confines ofa burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) HonoraryIII. UsageDealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relaxthemselves.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Cloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslationThey are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7 TextAVocabulary:I1) 1. divined 2. nerves 3. solidarity 4. sacred; mourn5. coated6. perish7. hijack8. grief9. farewell10. take revenge on 11. revolves 12. denounced2) 1. drop… off 2. applied for 3. went off4. are gaining on5. bring down6. blotted out7. think back on8. picking at3) 1. brought down the American housing market in 20082. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?3. not in the mood to go out4. long before the market began to show signs of weakness5. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside4) 1. in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic2. armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives3. in the space of; no illusionII. Collocation:1. a little of2. a few; most of // many of3. much4. few5. many6. many of7. much of8. little9. few of 10. Someage:1.As the boy grew older2.she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale3.they don’t see themselves as servants of the people4.As she had left her key in the office5.Just do as you are told6.Areas once regarded as rural7.as they do in China8.As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive Exercises:I.Cloze1) Text-related1. mood2. tragic3. in the (immediate) aftermath of4. chaos5. toppling6. solidarity7. take revenge on8. thinking back on9. mourning 10. perished2) Theme-related1. crashed2. horrible3. harsh4. protect5.remove6. utterly7. truly8. justify9. rewarded10.devastatingII.Translation1)1.Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, topplingthe government and throwing the country into chaos.2.The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly3.Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that theformation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.4.Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he wasin no mood for q quarrel//not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.5.People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost theirloved ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?2):Today, long after the earthquake shook // hit my tome-town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.Unit 8 Go TravelingPart II Text AText Organization12.1) Birds, insects and animals of all descriptions2) The sweet air3) Various kinds of trees and other plants4) River abundant in fish5) Little girls who liked to play with the writer's hair6) Children singing lovely songs7) Treating guests with wonderful foods8) People and nature in harmonyVocabularyI.1.1) heap2) was smeared3) warmed4) dissolve5) thrash6) out of the way7) hollows8) tangle9) get his hands on10) opaque11) at the edge of, illumined12) hop1) take ... apart 2) result from3) run out of 4) feed on5) come forward 6) woke up7) focused on 8) settled over3.1) After reading the book Little Women, Mary was dying to see the movie based on it.2) Street noises do not penetrate to the 20th floor of our office building because as a rule, the sheer distance mutes all sound from the ground.3) You will inevitably lose sight of the overall objective if you fuss too much over details.4) Back at home from his long journey, Tom slumped into an armchair, (feeling) completely exhausted.5) Dorothy Parker, an American poet and short-story writer, was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time.4.1) Thousands of people swarmed to the East Lake yesterday to watch the spectacular boat race between the world champions who paddled their boats like mad.2) The Smiths live in the heart of a large forest, which is out of the range of all the noise of modern cities. The house itself, the ivy trailing over the stone walls and the swans gliding in the lake nearby all make for an ideal place for anyone to live in.3) Day after day he came to the narrow strip of beach, watching the heaving waves of the sea slap angrily at the rocks of the shore.II Confusable Words1) worth2) worthy3) worthwhile4) worth, worth5) worthwhile6) worthy2.1) lone2) alone3) alone4) lonely5) lonely6) aloneIII. Usage1.ice cream2.teas3.wines4.cloth5.soap6.beer7.fuels8.soild9.sugars10.grassComprehensive Exercises I.Cloze1.1)are dying to2)in the heart of3)tangled4)paddles5)loop6)out of sight7)in flocks8)hopping9)gliding10)opaque11)thrashing12)darting13)swarms14)spectacular2.1)running2)fancy3)incorporate4)exploring5)guide6)adventure7)rarely8)diverse9)survive10)luckyII Translation1)Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heartto her on their first date.2)At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, nowscreaming, but before long they were out of sight.3)The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet ofcars waiting for their arrival.4)Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear hischaracter.5)Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknotes. He said he had foundit on the curb when he hopped off his school bus.Last Wednesday my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in all silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the hea vy traffic and noise of the large city.Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I'd like to go there again.。

Unit 1Part II Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of 3) stroke 4) limp 5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege 9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in thenear future.2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayedarrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get inthe way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule outof date /obsolete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainousregions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckonwith this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may bebrought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victoryagainst the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second WorldWar. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siegeand weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II. More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Someof the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France andBelgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homeworkpaid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deafear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragilebody could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anythingabout it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned,especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign8. drag o9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the mostsophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is gettingincreasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the villageneighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 3 Text A1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace3) will be in readers’ hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1）applicants, veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9.be acceptableComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand (5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteranpilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she hadundergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll havethe future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would havemade better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structureswere to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollarsa years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text AVocabulary1 1) advantageous2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed of3) believed in 4) was set apart6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3.1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.2)Toyota has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.1.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. academics 3.a variety of5. vanish7. endorsing9. sweeping aside11. erasing(B)1. aided2.effects3.distances4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing 8. qualitatively9. volume 10. Distinguishing2. networking4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patrioticUnit 5 Text AVocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insura nce company’s rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting too long.5) are often deceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except that Comprehensive exercisesI.Cloze1.1). insane 2).current 3). candid 4). capable 5). was taken aback 6). in good condition 7). constitution 8）. go all to pieces9）. Gone broke 10）. vacancy 11）. mild 12）. deceptive2.1）. suspected 2）. pleading 3）. confirmed 4）stunned5）lucrative 6). jewellery 7). wealthy 8). urge 9). spell 10). arrestedII.Translation1.1)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he issomething of an adventurer.2)He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.3)The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.4)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only afew turned up.5)The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed theway Mike perceived the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Key to Unit6, Book4 “The Pace of Life”Vocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of9) streamline10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedVocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inVocabulary 3is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape.Vocabulary 4reaction to; discontent; provokedconvention; evading tax; the confines ofa burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5)honorable 6) HonoraryIII. UsageCloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslationThey are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.。

《全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4》第四册(Unit 1-6)课后练习答案Unit 1 Text AKey to ExercisesP14I.1. 1. alliance2. at the cost of3. stroke4. limp5. minus6. regions7. declarations8. siege 9. raw 10. bide histime 11. have taken their toll 12. in the case ofP152.1. is faced with2. get boggeddown 3. is pressing on/pressedon 4. drag on5. get by6. dineout 7. have cutback 8. get through3.1). lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2). has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’strike.3). will/should never get in the way of her career.4). caught the foreign minister off guard.5). of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date/obsolete.4.1) Being faced with, the occupation, regions2).crucial to, efficient, to reckonwith, weaken, be brought to a halt3).a heroic, the decisive, turned thetide, siege, by launchingII.1) During the First world war, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy tranches of France and Belgium .2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pnuemonia had severely weakened her body, andI wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) fall ill2) lay dead at home for 2 weeks3) dropped dead from a heart attack4) fell asleep5) marrying young6) to sit still for longer than a few minutesComprehensive Exercises1 text-related1 invasion 2. stand in the way 3.Conquest 4. catching… off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing… to a halt2 Theme-related1. allow2. reckoned3.highly 4. forecasts 5.rapidly6. instant7. delivery8. advantage9. observing 10. powerfulTranslation1.1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3) Having been out of a job/Not having a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgement.5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of population, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.2. The offensive had really lasted 3 days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack.. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshand and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which made the marshland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrenderedUnit 2 Text AKey to ExercisesP41I.1. 1. expansion2. automated3. Vapor4. take control of5. hazards6.satellite7. vibrated 8.magnetic 9. bunched 10. in the air 11. Got/was stuck in12. approximatelyP422.1. send out2. stand upfor 3. passfor 4. were closing in on5. starting up6. wentthrough 7. fillout 8. fall into3.1). incorporate all the latest safety features.2). two trees ten feet apart.3). awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.4). the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5). are correlated in all racial groups.4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2).that vibrate, can detect, frequency3).lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII.kilogram me dical carememorandum electronic mailgymnasium communi cations satelliteliberationnews broadcastdoctorsky hijackveterinarian Europe an dollarpreparatory break fast and lunchautomobile televi sion broadcastinfluenza O xford and CambridgeIII. Usage1) swimming pool2) drawing board3) enriched Middle Engish4) disturbing change5) fully developed prototype6) Canned foods7) working population8) puzzling differencesComprehensive ExercisesA1 computerized 2. startup 3. be poised to 4. alert 5.hazards6. monotonous7. take control of8.steer 9.lane10. decrease 11.calculate12. eliminate 13. getting stuck in14.mounted 15.detect16. vaporB1. generates2.related 3.revolutionized 4.enabled5.opportunities6. overall7. manufacturing8. dependent9.interact 10. fatalities Translation1. There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2. The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.3. The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4. The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently.5. The diver stood on the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.Automobiles have, sine their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever theway people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of the computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3Text AText Organization 1.Parts ParagraphsMain IdeasPart OneParas1-6An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interviewPart TwoParas7-27Four pieces of advice on being a successful intervieweePart ThreeParas28-31Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win.1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning.2) a 90-year-old tennisplayer3) Believe in yourself, even when no one else does.3) the four-minute mile, the New YorkMarathon and the Vietnam veteran4) Find a way to make a 4) New York cabdriversdifference.VocabularyI. 1. 1)rude2) physically3)structure4) made a difference5) blurtedout 6) chuckling7)measurable8) prospective9)preparations10) sparkled11) took a crackat 12) partner2. 1) goafter2) look back on/at3) be putup4) stood for5)buildin6) follow up7) be hooked upto 8) closed up3. 1) Mary's parents grilled her about where she had been all night.2) …it was beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day in the king’s palace.3) The translation of the popular novel has just finished and a Chinese version will be in readers' hands soon.4) As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview.5) Jim's car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4. 1) The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the two local applicants, aswell as the two veteran landscapers recommended by the staff committee this afternoon, to pick out the prospective designer for the construction of the city square.2) From his standpoint, the project manager has made every endeavor to go after the best engineer for the work of cleaning up the river before the deadline set by the mayor.3) Life is short, as the saying goes. People in my age bracket often want to have a crack at everything they think is interesting, but the problem is they barely have the time or energy for such endeavor.II. Words with Multiple Meanings1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (behave)2. Richard suggested I keep all my friends' addresses on my computer, as he does his. (keep: used to avoid repetition)3. Elizabeth told her daughter that if she did the bathroom, the kitchen and the living room, shewould get $10.00 every week, (clean)4. Since the Smiths' business is doing well, they are thinking of starting a similar type of business in Canada, (get along)5. If you are prepared, you can certainly do the job. (perform or complete <a job>)6. Knowing what you cannot do is more important than knowing what you can. (perform or complete <an action or a job>)7. When I asked John why he does philosophy, he said that he does it simply because he finds it interesting, (study)8. A small piece of cake will do for me, thanks, (be enough)9. Leisure is a beautiful garment, but it will not do for constant wear, (be acceptable)III. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I'll talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way. I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I'm going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way. I will see you in February, asI plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris has been back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze2. As I see it4. beforehand6. structure8. Respond10. from thestandpoint12. follow UP(A)1. prospective3. done your homework5. endeavor7. partners9. take a crack11. make a difference(B)1. 2.inquiringencouraging3.relevant4. samples6. advice5.references7. preparing8. seriously9.probably10. exhibitII. Translation1.) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot manage to stop the plane after taxing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out)That she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.4) I f I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2．Well begin, half done, as the old saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much as about his prospective employers as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.Part III Text BComprehension Checkb2. c3.a4. a5.a6. bTranslation1. 父母亲都觉得我不会被录用。

《全新版大学英语综合教程》第四册李荫华课后习题答案上海外语教育出版社Appendix IKey to Exercises (Units 1-8)Unit 1Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:The song you are about to hear is based on a true story. It tells the tale of the sinking of a ship called The Edmund Fitzgerald that was caught in a storm on Lake Superior back in November 1975, with the loss of all on board.Lake Superior is an enormous lake and the wind can at times make it dangerous to shipping, whipping up huge waves. November is a particularly dangerous month for such storms. This had long ago been noticed by a local native American tribe, the Chippewa, who used to speak of how death threatened from the lake when storm clouds gathered in November. According to legend, the big lake, which they called Gitche Gumee, was without mercy in that month, never giving up those it had marked for death.It is this legend that starts the song before it moves on to talk of The Edmund Fitzgerald. The Edmund Fitzgerald, like many other ships that sail the lake, was built to carry iron ore. Filled with ore these ships lie low in the water and can find themselves in difficulties in rough weather. So, with a full load on board we can imagine the anxiety that must have begun to creep into the hearts of the sailors on board The Edmund Fitzgerald as they felt the cold wind beginning to rise and heard the sound of it singing as it blew through the wires. For, despite the fact that the captainand crew were all experienced, "well-seasoned" as the song says, they all knew the dangers of November storms. Before long their worse fears started to come true and the storm had risen to a hurricane. The despair of the crew is captured in the words of the cook. First he comes on deck to tell the sailors it is too rough to cook, they will have to wait for their supper. The next we hear from him he is saying- $6 -Appendix Igoodbye to his shipmates. Water is pouring into the ship. The captain sends out a distress signal, but that is the last that is heard from the ship. It is swallowed up by the lake, leaving nothing behind but the mourning families of the twenty-nine sailors and the sound of the church bell ringing in their memory.Now let's listen to the song:The Wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldGordon LightfootThe legend lives on from the Chippewa on downOr the big lake they call Gitche GumeeTke lake, it is said,rfever gives up her deadWhen the skies or November turn gloomyWitk a load of iron ore twenty-six thousand tons moreThan the Edmund Fitzgerald weighed emptyThat good ship and true was a hone to be chewedWhen the gales of November came earlyTke skip was tke pride of tke American side Coming back fromsome mill in Wisconsin As tke kig freigkters go, it was kigger tkan most Witk a crew and good captain well seasonedConcluding some terms witk a couple of steel firms Wken tkeyleft fully loaded for Cleveland And later tkat nigkt wken tke skip's kell rang Could it ke tke nortk wind tkey'd been feeling Tke wind in tke wires made a tattle-tale soundAnd a wave broke over tke railingAnd every man knew,as tke captain did tooTwas tke witck of Novemker come stealingTke dawn came late and the breakfast had to waitWken the Gales of November came slashingWhen afternoon came it was freezing rainIn the face of a hurricane west windAppendix 1- 6? -When suppertime came,the old cook came on deck saying Fellas1, it's too rough to reed ya2At seven PM a main hatchway caved in,he saidFellas, it's heen good to know yaThe captain wired in he had water coming inAnd the good ship and crew was in perilAnd later that night when his lights went out of sightCame the wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldDoes any one know where the love of God goes When the waves turnthe minutes to hours The searchers all say they'd have made Whitefish Bay If they'd put fifteen more miles hehind her They mighthave split up or they might have capsized They may have broke deep andtook water And all that remains is the faces and the names Of the wivesand the sons and the daughters JLake Huron rolls, Superior singsIn the rooms of her ice'water mansionOld Michigan steams like a young man's dreamsThe islands and hays are for sportsmenAnd farther helow Lake OntarioTakes in what Lake Erie can send herAnd the iron boats go as the mariners all knowWith the Gales of November rememberedIn a musty old hall in Detroit they prayed In the Maritime Sailors'Cathedral The church hell chimed til it rang twenty-nine timesFor each man on the Edmund Fitzgerald■■??1 fella: (slang) fellow2 ya: (slang) you- 66 -Appendix 1Trie legend lives on irom the Chippewa on down Or thenig lake they call Gitche Gumee Superior, they said, nevergives up her dead When the gales or November comeearlyPart II Text Alexf Organization":..........................■■■■.......................................■■ -Parts Paragraphs'' Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2Introduction —Both Napoleon's and Hitler's militarycampaigns failed because of the severity of the Russianwinter.Part Two Paras 3-11Napoleon's military campaign against RussiaPart Three Paras 12-20Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21Conclusion—The elements of nature must be reckonedwith in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earthpolicySection Two Paras 14-18the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war VocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance3) stroke5) minus 7) declarations 2) heroic 4) limp 6) regions 8) siegeAppendix I- $99) raw10) retreat11) have taken their toll12) In the case of13) campaign14) at the cost of15) has been brought to a halt2. 1) is faced with2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) picking up6) falling apart7) cut back8) take over3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2)The border dispute between the two countries resulted in thousands of casualties.3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interestswill/should never get in the way of hercareer.4)Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obso-lete.4. 1) At that time, the enemy forces were much superior to ours, so we had to give up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up ourbases.2)Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with thisproblem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by con-stant internal struggle in an organization.3)The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against theGermans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famousbattle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army bylaunching a series of counterattacks.II. More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium and in the no-man's-land between the trenches.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all mywords.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body couldwithstand the harsh weather.- 90 -Appendix IIII. Usage1)But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2)A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.3)It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if youfall asleep.5)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6)Little T om was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.■Structure1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by30 percent.2)To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.3)To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.4)We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christ-mas.2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.2)By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of theYangtze River.3)Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the UnitedStates at the age of four.4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States forabout 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion 3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign2.stand in the way4.catching... off his guard 6.declaration8.drag on10.die from9. reckon with11. bringing...to a haltAppendix I- 91 -(B)1. In2.since4.and5. it6.that/who7. of/about8.across9. to10.lost11. to12.with13. buried14.in15. than16.between17. from18.to19. downII. TranslationThe offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi-sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. T o do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over.Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III TextBComprehension Check 1. d.-3. b- 92 -Appendix ITranslation(#JE Appendix III)Language Practice1. boast2.obstacles3. was concerned4.call ...off■5. paid off6.was pinned down7. are contesting8.prior to9. holdout10.objective11. responsible for12.in case13. favorable14.due to15. on the eve of16.cancel17. complications18.stiff19. withstand20.absentPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing:_____________It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had no hesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.______√____Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote: "... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up,and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well,we'll go." Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms ofAppendix I- 98 -disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154 words)Unit 2Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:What will the world be like in five hundred years' time? A thousand years' time? Or more? Some people are optimistic, looking forward to a better world. Others are pessimistic, and fear that things can only get worse. The writer of the song you are about to listen to takes the pessimistic view. Looking further and further into the future things seem to him to get worse and worse. By 3535, he foresees all our thoughts and feelings will be shaped by drugs. Looking further still into the future he foretells that our bodies will waste away as machines do everything for us.Family life as we know it will fade away as children are bred artificially, chosen, in the words of the song, "from the bottom of a long black tube." Given that man seems to pay so little attention to taking care of the planet and avoiding using up all its resources, he ends by wondering whether man will still be around in the future. It's enough, as he says, to make even God shake his head.Here is the song:In the Year 2525Zager & EvansIn the year 2525If man is still aliveIf woman can surviveThey may find- 9^ -Appendix IIn the year 3535Ain't gonna need* to tell the truth, tell no lies Everythingyou think, do, or say Is in the pill you took todayIn the year 4545Ain't gonna need your teeth, won't need your eyesYou won't rind a thing to doNobody's gonna look at youIn the year 5555Your arms are hanging limp at your sidesYour legs not nothing to doSome machine is doing that for youIn the year 6565Ain't gonna need no husband, won't need no wife-:You'll pick your son, pick your daughter .tooFrom the bottom of a long black tube.In the year, 7510. If God's a-comin' he ought to make it by then;Maybe he'll look around himself and sayGuess it's time for the Judgment Day1.In the year 8510God's gonna shake his mighty head.He'll either say I'm pleased where man has been Or tear itdown and start againIn the year 9595I'm kinda wondering if man's gonna be alive He's takeneverything this old earth can give And he ain't put backnothing1 the Judgment Day: the end of the world, the time of God's final judgment of all peopleAppendix I- 95Now it's been 10,000 years Manhas cried a billion tears For what henever knew Now man's reign isthrough But through the eternalnight The twinkling of starlight Sovery far away Maybe it's onlyyesterdayPart II Text A'lText OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-3New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars andhighways in the 21st century.Part Two Paras 4-9With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be sodesigned that they can help eliminate traffic accidents,determine their own precise locations and warn of trafficjams.Part Three Paras 10-13GPS and "telematics" will make it possible to build smarthighways, which will benefit us in more than one way.1)Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act2)They can eliminate most car accidents;3)They can alert the police and provide precise location ifstolen;4)They can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby;5)They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;6)They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.VocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion3) vapor 2) manufacturing4) take control of: . j■-96-Appendix 16) satellite 8) magnetic 10)in the air12)approximately 14)monotonous 2)stand up for 4)making up for 6)play uplay up hazards convert bunched got/was stuck in application mounted send out result from starting up p 8)take on take on With regard to the recent flood of corporate scandals, someprofessors from Stanford andHarvard say they will incorporate Enron's real-world lessons into their classroom work. Our vacation was a disaster: the food was terrible, and the weather was awful as well. As a Special Administrative Region (SAR), Macao is permitted to retain its lucrative gambling industry although gambling remains illegal on the Chinese mainland. Manufacturers usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated. Expanded use of computer technology, development of stronger and lighter materials, and research in/into pollution control will produce better, and "smarter" automobiles. In the 1980s the notion that a car would "talk" to its driver was science fiction; by the 1990s it had become a reality, more or less. Presently automobile companies such as GM and Nissan are poised to launch new advertising campaigns for their smart cars. Sounds are produced by objects that vibrate in the air at a rate that the ear can detect. This rate is called frequency and is measured in hertz, or vibrations per second. Reflective devices are more visible at night and are used in some locations to mark lanes and other significant places on the road. What's more, automated vehicle-control technologies are presently under development to improve highway safety. These devices are mounted in the vehicle and can alert a driver to an impending hazard or, in an emergency,override the actions of the driver. II. Word FormationClipped WordsBlendskilo kilogram Medicare medical care memo memorandumd email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsatcommunications satellitegive up 5) 7) 9) 11) 13) 15) 2. 1) 3) 5) 7) 3. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 4. 1)2) 3)Appendix 1- 9? -lib doc vet prep auto liberation newscast news broadcast doctor autopilot automatic pilot veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar preparatory brunch breakfast lunch automobile telecast television broadcastIII. Usage1. swimming pool3. enriched Middle English 5. fully developed prototype 7. working population 2.drawing board4.disturbing change 6.Canned foods8.puzzling differencesStruct-ure11)Thanksgiving in the U.S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together fromacross the country.2)The monkey suddenly emerged from behind the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.3)Mom said that she would not allow me to buy a new computer unless the price dropped tobelow 2000 yuan.4)In between the chores, Jim managed to spend 50 to 60 hours a week working at the computeror doing reporting for the freelance articles he sells to magazines.2. 1) Most people find it hard to understand how living with one's own children could be lonely.2)The manager felt it necessary to remove the five misbehaving secretaries in order to maintainadministrative discipline.3)The Senator called it wasteful to give free Medicare to those who could afford to pay.4)We don't consider it possible to set back the clock of history.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. alert3. highway5. take control of 7. decrease9. monotonous2.hazards 4.start up /doc/6213765387.htmlne8.get stuck in 10.eliminate- 96 -Appendix I11. convert(B)l.for3. enabled5. decreased / reduced 7.quantities9. worldwide11. manufacturing 13.on/upon15. which17. problems / hazards 19. Nevertheless 12. mounted2.way8.locally 10.with 12.As14.provide 16.itself 18.and 20. continuingII. TranslationAutomobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automo-bile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. Fortu-nately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, de-signs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For ex-ample, by using the satellite-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can locate the vehicle's precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can eliminate most car accidents.Part III TextBComprehension Check1. a 3. c 5. b2. c 4. d 6. bIranslalion(#JE Appendix III)Appendix I- 99 -Language Practice1. introduction3. diverse5. in cooperation with 7. At die start of9. perceive11. appropriate13. component17. exposure19. matures2. outlines 4. feasible6. assembly 8. implications 10. realistic 12. by means of 14.implemented 16. permanent 15.equivalent 20. en routePart IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Sample Resume...Hong QinRm. 316, New College Dormitory XuanwuUniversity, 2270 Zhongshan Road Nanjing,Jiangsu, 212000 Tel: (025) 9709399 Email:hqin @ /doc/6213765387.htmlEmployment ObjectiveReporter position wiUi a major newspaper or magazineEducationBachelor of Arts in Journalism, Xuanwu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, July 2002?Graduated Magna Cum Laude with a GPA of 3.6 on a 4.0 scaleProficient with MS Office, Lotus Notes, Windows XP and the InternetCourses taken included:Reporting Public Affairs Feature WritingComputer Assisted Reporting Theories of Mass CommunicationWriting for Mass Communication Advertising and Public Relations- 100 -Appendix IWorld Press Systems Advanced Newspaper DesignEmployment ExperienceReporter Internship with the Yangtze Evening Post, 101 South Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210005, June 2001 to August 2001Researched information for stories for the Transportation and Tourism columnsInterviewed contributors both over the phone and in person Met every daily deadline successfully, with 100% completion of all assigned reports by specified deadlinesAssistant Editor / Reporter with Jinling Evening News, 53 Jiefang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, July, 2000 — present Responsible for reporting students' activities at Xuanwu UniversityDeveloped fortnightly stories without missing a single deadlineAwardsSecond Place in the News Writing Competition for Students of Journalism in Nanjing, 2001Xuanwu Award for Excellence in Journalism, 2000Professional InterestsMember of the Journalists' Association of Jiangsu Province. Vice chairman of the Students' Union at Xuanwu University, Proficient in both Chinese and EnglishReferences and writing samples available upon request.Unit 3iPart I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:The song you are about to hear was written by one of a group of four singers known as theAppendix I- 101 -Silhouettes. He wrote the song back in the 1950s, shortly after leaving the army. It is easy to imagine that it may well reflect his own experience of suddenly finding himself having to look for a job. If the song is anything to go by, his wife was largely unsympathetic, suspecting him of laziness and not trying hard enough. Every morning she would get him out of bed, telling him to get a job; every breakfast she would throw the paper down in front of him, pointing out the jobs he could apply for. And when he got home at the end of the day without having had any success she would accuse him of lying about his job hunting, suspecting, no doubt, that he had not bothered to try. Do you think he did? What does it sound like to you?Silhouettes—Get a JobSha na na na, sha na na na na,Sha na na na, sha na na na na,Sha na na na, sha na na na na,Sha na na na,sha na na na na,Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yipMum mum mum mum mum mumGet a jot Sna na na na, sna na na na naEvery morning about this timeshe get me out of my beda-crying get a job.Alter breakfast, every day,she throws the want ads right my wayAnd never fail s to say,Get a job Sha na na na, sba na na na naSha na na na, sha na na na na,Sha na na na, sha na na na na,Sha na na na, sha na na na na,Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yipMum mum mum mum mum mumGet a job Sha na na na, sha na na na naAnd when I get the paperI read it through and throughAnd my girl never fails to sayIf there is any work for me,- 102 -Appendix IAnd when I go tack to the houseI hear the woman's mouth Preaching and a crying,Tell me that I'm lying 'Lout a job That I never couldrind. Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, shana na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na nana, sha na na na na, Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yipMum mum mum mum mum mum Get a job Sha nana na, sha na na na naPart II Text Ahx\ Organization 1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-6 A recent college graduate failed to answer the questions atan interview because of lack of preparation.Part Two Paras 7-27Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee Part Three Paras 28-31Everyone should make his or her own tracks in whateverhe or she does.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win.1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning.2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself, even when no one else does.3) the four-minute mile, the New YorkMarathon and the Vietnam veteran 4) Find a way to make a difference.4) New York cabdriversAppendix 1- 108-VocabularyI. 1. 1) generously2) physically3) structure4)partition5) blurted out6)chuckling7) pried8)prospective9) jet10)sparkled11) took a crack at12)partner13) made a (big) difference14)beyond his wildest dream.15) employment2. 1) go after2)look back on/at3) be put up4)count on5) was handed down6) follow up7) bring about8) broke into3. 1) Mary's parents grilled her about where she had been all night.2)In order to meet the deadline, we worked 48 hours without sleep and finally made it.3)The translation of the popular novel has just finished anda Chinese version will be in readers'hands soon.4)As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview.5)Jim's car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4. 1) The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the two local applicants, aswell as the two other candidates recommended by the staff committee this afternoon, to pickout the prospective designer for the construction of the city square.2)In the endeavor to clean up the river before the deadline set for this important municipalproject, the project manager has tried every possible means to go after the best engineers forthe work.3)Time is money, as the saying goes. People in my age bracket often want to have a crack ateverything new, but they just cannot afford the time and energy.II. Words with Multiple Meanings1.When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (behave)2.Richard suggested I keep all my friends' addresses on my computer, as he does his. (used to avoidrepetition)3.Elizabeth told her daughter that if she did the bathroom, the kitchen and the living room, she。

全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案主编：李荫华上海外语教育出版社Unit 1Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction —Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russianwinter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against RussiaPart Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned within any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorchedearth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and StalingradSection Three Paras 19-20 the Russiancounter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in thenear future.2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayedarrival of raw materials due to the dock workers' strike 3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get inthe way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister offguard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule outof date /obso lete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainousregions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckonwith this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victoryagainst the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siegea series of counterattacks.by launching and weakened the German armyII.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Someof the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homeworkpaid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile bodycould withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knewanythingabout it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in onthe farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs. The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground.Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance.The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemyand launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and manyof us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties.By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of5)hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)…incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) …awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) …the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) …are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English4.disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9)interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation1．1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation,changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example,electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse tostart up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sentout from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3 Text AContent questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness -- backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the firsttime in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile, the NewYork Marathon andthe Vietnamveteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver. Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5)blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for5)build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King's palace3) will be in readers' hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1）applicants,veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I'll talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can readthe daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I'm going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(4) beforehand (3) done your homework (2) As I see it (1) prospective (9) take a crack (8) Respond (5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (12) follow up (11) make a difference (10) from the standpoint2.(4) samples (2) inquiry (3) relevant (1) encouraging(8) seriously (6) advice (7) preparing (5) references(10) exhibit (9) probablyII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.e3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we'll hav the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would havemade better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structureswere to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whetheror not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollarsa years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experiencethe decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employeras possible don't have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text AText rganization 1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasParas 1-3 Part One Introduction to Davos Man and the World EconomicForumDebate over the impact of globalization on current Paras 4-5Part Twosociety and culturePart Three Paras 6-8 History of globalization and its recent trends and ppppPTThrefuture prospectseThreeParas. 9-11Part FourGlobalization versus nationalism and the challenges itfaces2.Main Events1Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his nativecountry.2Davos Man sees their identity as a mater of personal choice, not an accident ofbirth3.Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, laborand technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.4.Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast, interconnectedmarket-place in which corporations search for the most advantageouslocations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services. Vocabulary I.2) let alone 1) advantageous4) landmark 3) witnessing/vanishing6) displace5) entitled8) patriotic/strengthen 7) Establishment10) aspires9) contradictions12) pendulums 11) divorced2) dozed off 2. 1) come to4) was set apart 3) believed in6) sucks in 5) take in8) turn away 7) clean up3.1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world's biggest car maker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over moneymatters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.let alone cook a meal. 5)She doesn't even know how toboil potatoes,a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investment5.b) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleII. Word Formation WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织国内生产总值GDP Gross domestic product自动出纳机ATM Automated teller machine增值税Value-added tax V AT计算机辅助设计CAD Computer-aided design信息技术IT Information technology国际直拨电话IDD International direct dialing音乐电视MTV Music television雷达Radar Radio detecting and ranging国际奥委会IOC International Olympic Committee贵宾，大人物VIP Very important person激光Laser Light amplification by stimulated emission ofradiation中央处理器Central processing unit CPUIII. UsageAn unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.1. at he didn't notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.2.The reason(he gave) thFootball, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.3.Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that4.serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)2. networking 1. academics 4. growth3.a variety of 6. facilitate 5. vanish 8. outlook 7. endorsing 10. patriotic 9. sweeping aside 12. strike a balance 11. erasing(B)2.effects 1. aided4. connected 3.distances6. features 5. invested8. qualitatively 7. prevailing10. Distinguishing9. volumeII. Translation1.) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work. 2) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary3)cares more about her personal growth.4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises,English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. Theyon't seem to care forfollow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.Unit 5 TextAoganization 1.Main Ideas Parts ParagraphsParas 1 Part One It is no easy to judge people, for they aren't always what they appear to beKind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant, appeared as Part TwoParas 2-3if he could not bear to hurt a fly.Part Three Paras 4-51History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospectssections Paragraphs Main IdeasParas 4-16section OneVocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company's rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it's getting too long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except thatIII.vocabulary spellingAmE BrE AmE BrEapartment flat favorable favourablecan tin paralyze paralysecandy sweets labor labourelevator lift meter metrefaculty staff (of a university) catalog cataloguefirst floor ground floor leveling levellinggas, gasoline petrol theater theatremail post defense defencerailroad railway plow ploughpants trousers program programmesubway tube, underground practic e (v.) practisecharacterisecharacterize maize cornComprehensive exercisesCloze I.1.5). was taken aback 4). capable 3). candid 1). insane 2).current7). constitution 8）. go all to pieces 6). in good condition . deceptive ）12）. mild . vacancy . Gone broke 10）119）2.）stunned . confirmed 3）4）1）. suspected 2. pleading9). spell 7). wealthy 8). urge lucrative 5）6). jewellery10). arrestedTranslation II.1.that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is instinct I have an 1) an adventurer.something of the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises. capable of sticking to He is 2) in force. the laws hitherto3)The trademark was registered in accordance with, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a Oddly enough4).few turned up comments, changed the candid The teacher's affectionate words, along with his 5)way Mike perceived the society and himself.2.. For instance, deceptiveFor my own part, I find that appearances are all too oftenyou might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde. He was a tiny little fellow all of a piece Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man. Nevertheless, he turned out to blue eyes, gentle and candid with white hair and mildbe very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he wascompletely indifferent to Lenny's death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Key to Unit6, Book4 “The Pace of Life”V ocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantityof12) bewildered11) pointed the way to 10) fax 9) streamlineV ocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inV ocabulary 3is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were drivenout by the heat and flames.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and getmore involved with issues of market demand.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in orderto keep her body in shape.V ocabulary 4reaction to; discontent; provokedconvention; evading tax; the confines ofa burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5)honorable 6) HonoraryIII. UsageDealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask,to spend large sums of money to save some species –be it an elephant or an orchid –in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn't money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violenceare just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Cloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslationThey are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far. Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more,and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7 TextAVocabulary:I5.4. sacred; mourn 3. solidarity 2. nerves 1. divined 1)coated6. perish7. hijack8. grief9. farewell 10. takerevenge on 11. revolves 12. denounced2) 1. drop…off 2. applied for 3. went off 4. aregaining on5. bring down6. blotted out7. think back on8. pickingat3) 1. brought down the American housing market in 20082. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?3. not in the mood to go out4. long before the market began to show signs of weakness5. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside4) 1. in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic2. armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives3. in the space of; no illusionII. Collocation:1. a little of2. a few; most of // many of3. much4.few5. many6. many of7. much of8. little9. few of 10. Someage:1.As the boy grew older2.she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale3.they don't see themselves as servants of the people4.As she had left her key in the office5.Just do as you are told6.Areas once regarded as rural7.as they do in China8.As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive Exercises:I.Cloze1) Text-related1. mood2. tragic3. in the (immediate) aftermath of4.chaos5. toppling6. solidarity7. take revenge on8. thinking backon9. mourning 10. perished2) Theme-related1. crashed2. horrible3. harsh4. protect5. remove6. utterly7. truly8. justify9. rewarded 10.devastatingII.Translation1)thetoppling coup, a started forces armed the of officers high-ranking Some 1. government and throwing the country into chaos.The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly2.Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of the 3. military political of and product of the development was Allies the natural circumstances then.Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in no mood 4. for q quarrel//not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.loved 5.their who those have lost that say time heals all wounds. But for People ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?2):。

全新版大学英语综合教程（第二版）4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 1 VocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge OxfordandCambridgeIII. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation1.1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 2 Content questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness -- backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day whenMinnesotawas hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and the Vietnamveteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) aNew Yorkcabdriver.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating (8)hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderellas wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the Kings palace3) will be in readers hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1)applicants,veteran, the prospective2)From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, Ill talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. Im going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar inShanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back fromAustralia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, well have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible dont have much of a chance of success.全新版大学英语综合教程（第二版）4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免费下载地址全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 3 Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleons military campaign againstRussiaPart Three Paras 12-20 Hitlers military campaign against theSoviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitlers blitzkrieg againstRussiaand Stalins scorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles foughtatLeningrad,MoscowandStalingradSection Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers strike3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tidein the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place inthe gloomy trenches ofFrance andBelgium.2) Elizabethmade careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.3) Its said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Dont sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.。

全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案主编：荫华外语教育Unit 1Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler'smilitary campaigns failed because of theseverity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must berekoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin'sscorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow andStalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20 theRussian counter-offensive and the outcome ofthe warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancerin the nearfuture.2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by thedelayed arrival ofraw materials due to the dock workers’ strike3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/shouldnever get in the way ofher career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister offguard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the sliderule out of date /obso lete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had togive up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural andmountainous regions to build upour bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization.Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt byconstant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisivevictory againstthe Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launchinga series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1)During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vastareas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place inthe gloomytrenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/ homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, buthe turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how herfragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciategood health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anythingabout it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily getburned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumnharvest in on thefarm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the mostsophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is gettingincreasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in hisjudgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, thevillage neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gainedmuch ground. Ourtroops engaging the enemy at the front were faced withstrong/fierce/stiff resistance. Thedivision commander instructed ourbattalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack.To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us wereafraidwe might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to takeagamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly droppedto minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caughtoff guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing inon5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to makethe cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellite lib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII.1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4.disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7.working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6)monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor 2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities II. Translation1．1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound ofartillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causinga significant fall in living standards and an increase in socialproblem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closelycorrelated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutesrecently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at thesignal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbitingsatellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3 Text AContent questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for andtherefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness --backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of theworst snowstorms in years and the international airport there wasclosed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he wasthe first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writerrecommends to job applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failedhis interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successfulinterviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennisplayer3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile,the New YorkMarathon and theVietnam veteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver. Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings (5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）hand-delivered (9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in theKi ng’s palace3) will be in readers’ hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1）applicants,veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. beacceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say a nd it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’lltalk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way,I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone whocan read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as littleeffort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent meare wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand (5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing,the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) thatshe had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together,we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, Iwould have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with strongerstructures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text AText rganization1.2.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3.1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train orby bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife overmoney matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)S he doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. academics3.a variety of5. vanish7. endorsing9. sweeping aside11. erasing(B)1. aided2.effects3.distances4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic 12. strike a2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committedUnit 5 TextAoganization 1.VocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current 2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about 5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting t oo long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except thatIII.Comprehensive exercisesI.Cloze1.1). insane 2).current 3). candid 4). capable 5). wastaken aback6). in good condition 7). constitution 8）. go all to pieces 9）. Gone broke 10）. vacancy 11）. mild 12）. deceptive2.1）. suspected 2）. pleading 3）. confirmed 4）stunned5） lucrative6). jewellery 7). wealthy 8). urge 9).spell 10). arrestedII.Translation1.1)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, becausehe is something of an adventurer.2)He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposedto noises.3)The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto inforce.4)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting,but only a few turned up.5)The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments,changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. Forinstance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people likeEdward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He wasa tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lennywho was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture.What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent toLenny’s death. Without d oubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.Key to Unit6, Book4 “The Pace of Life”Vocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedVocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inVocabulary 3is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape.Vocabulary 4reaction to; discontent; provokedconvention; evading tax; the confines ofa burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) HonoraryIII. UsageDealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relaxthemselves.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Cloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslationThey are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7 TextAVocabulary:I1) 1. divined 2. nerves 3. solidarity 4. sacred; mourn5. coated6. perish7. hijack8. grief9. farewell10. take revenge on 11. revolves 12. denounced2) 1. drop… off 2. applied for 3. went off4. are gaining on5. bring down6. blotted out7. think back on8. picking at3) 1. brought down the American housing market in 20082. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?3. not in the mood to go out4. long before the market began to show signs of weakness5. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside4) 1. in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic2. armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives3. in the space of; no illusionII. Collocation:1. a little of2. a few; most of // many of3. much4. few5. many6. many of7. much of8. little9. few of 10. Someage:1.As the boy grew older2.she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale3.they don’t see themselves as servants of the people4.As she had left her key in the office5.Just do as you are told6.Areas once regarded as rural7.as they do in China8.As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive Exercises:I.Cloze1) Text-related1. mood2. tragic3. in the (immediate) aftermath of4. chaos5. toppling6. solidarity7. take revenge on8. thinking back on9. mourning 10. perished2) Theme-related1. crashed2. horrible3. harsh4. protect5.remove6. utterly7. truly8. justify9. rewarded10.devastatingII.Translation1)1.Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, topplingthe government and throwing the country into chaos.2.The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly3.Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that theformation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.4.Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he wasin no mood for q quarrel//not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.5.People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost theirloved ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?2):Today, long after the earthquake shook // hit my tome-town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.Unit 8 Go TravelingPart II Text AText Organization12.1) Birds, insects and animals of all descriptions2) The sweet air3) Various kinds of trees and other plants4) River abundant in fish5) Little girls who liked to play with the writer's hair6) Children singing lovely songs7) Treating guests with wonderful foods8) People and nature in harmonyVocabularyI.1.1) heap2) was smeared3) warmed4) dissolve5) thrash6) out of the way7) hollows8)tangle9) get his hands on10)opaque11) at the edge of, illumined12) hop1) take ... apart 2) result from3) run out of 4) feed on5) come forward 6) woke up7) focused on 8) settled over3.1) After reading the book Little Women, Mary was dying to see the movie based on it.2) Street noises do not penetrate to the 20th floor of our office building because as a rule, the sheer distance mutes all sound from the ground.3) You will inevitably lose sight of the overall objective if you fuss too much over details.4) Back at home from his long journey, Tom slumped into an armchair, (feeling) completely exhausted.5) Dorothy Parker, an American poet and short-story writer, was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time.4.1) Thousands of people swarmed to the East Lake yesterday to watch the spectacular boat race between the world champions who paddled their boats like mad.2) The Smiths live in the heart of a large forest, which is out of the range of all the noise of modern cities. The house itself, the ivy trailing over the stone walls and the swans gliding in the lake nearby all make for an ideal place for anyone to live in.3) Day after day he came to the narrow strip of beach, watching the heaving waves of the sea slap angrily at the rocks of the shore.II Confusable Words1) worth2) worthy3) worthwhile4) worth, worth5) worthwhile6) worthy2.1) lone2) alone3) alone4) lonely5) lonely6) aloneIII. Usage1.ice cream2.teas3.wines4.cloth5.soap6.beer7.fuels8.soild9.sugars10.grassComprehensive Exercises I.Cloze1.1)are dying to2)in the heart of3)tangled4)paddles5)loop6)out of sight7)in flocks8)hopping9)gliding10)opaque11)thrashing12)darting13)swarms14)spectacular2.1)running2)fancy3)incorporate4)exploring5)guide6)adventure7)rarely8)diverse9)survive10)luckyII Translation1)Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heartto her on their first date.2)At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, nowscreaming, but before long they were out of sight.3)The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet ofcars waiting for their arrival.4)Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear hischaracter.5)Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknotes. He said he had foundit on the curb when he hopped off his school bus.Last Wednesday my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in all silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the hea vy traffic and noise of the large city.Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I'd like to go there again.。

全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案主编：李荫华上海外语教育出版社Unit 1Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's militarycampaigns failed because of the severity of the Russianwinter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against RussiaPart Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned within any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorchedearth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and StalingradSection Three Paras 19-20 the Russiancounter-offensive and the outcome of the war VocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in thenear future.2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayedarrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get inthe way of her career.4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule outof date /obso lete.4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainousregions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckonwith this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may bebrought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victoryagainst the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second WorldWar. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siegeand weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Someof the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France andBelgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homeworkpaid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deafear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile bodycould withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anythingabout it.3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned,especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the mostsophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is gettingincreasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the villageneighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commanderdecided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Unit 2Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5)hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9)bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4.disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7.working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6)monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9)interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation1．1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in thedistance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing asignificant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlatedwith global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal fromthe coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3 Text AContent questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore illqualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness -- backhandcourt.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worstsnowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the firsttime in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the firstperson to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writerrecommends to job applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed hisinterview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successfulinterviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile, the NewYork Marathon andthe Vietnamveteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver. Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinder ella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace3) will be in readers’ hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1）applicants,veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9.be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’ll talk aboutmyself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I havesomething here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can readthe daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, Iwill see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort aspossible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand (5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteranpilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she hadundergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Wo rking together, we’ll havethe future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would havemade better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structureswere to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollarsa years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.Unit 4Text AText rganization 1.2.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3.1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something thatserious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. academics3.a variety of5. vanish7. endorsing9. sweeping aside11. erasing(B)1. aided2.effects3.distances4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic 12. strike a balance精品文档Unit 5 TextAoganization 1..VocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current2.1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback3.1) has a very weak constitution --- she may not be able to survive the operation.2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that.4) needs trimming/ to be trimmed ---it’s getting too long.5) are often seceptive4.1) Oddly enough /went broke /wrinkled / he had gone all to pieces2) definite / is capable of /her vanity3) too mild / sipping / strokeII. Usage1. Except for2. except that3. except4. except when5. except to6. except what7. except where8. except thatIII.Comprehensive exercisesI.Cloze1.1). insane 2).current 3). candid 4). capable 5). was taken aback 6). in good condition 7). constitution 8）. go all to pieces9）. Gone broke 10）. vacancy 11）. mild 12）. deceptive2.1）. suspected 2）. pleading 3）. confirmed 4）stunned5）lucrative 6). jewellery 7). wealthy 8). urge 9). spell 10). arrestedII.Translation1.1)I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he issomething of an adventurer.2)He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.3)The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.4)Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only afew turned up.5)The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed theway Mike perceived the society and himself.2.For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel. He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death. Without doubt, Burton was a man wi th a heart of stone.Key to Unit6, Book4 “The Pace of Life”Vocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedVocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inVocabulary 3is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames.was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand.can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2,000.has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape.Vocabulary 4reaction to; discontent; provokedconvention; evading tax; the confines ofa burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) HonoraryIII. UsageDealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask, to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid –in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings. However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage. But, believe it or not, it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage; it is your philosophy of life that does.Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violence are just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Cloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslationThey are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7 TextAVocabulary:I1) 1. divined 2. nerves 3. solidarity 4. sacred; mourn 5.coated6. perish7. hijack8. grief9. farewell 10. takerevenge on 11. revolves 12. denounced2) 1. drop… off 2. applied for 3. went off 4. are gaining on5. bring down6. blotted out7. think back on8. picking at3) 1. brought down the American housing market in 20082. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?3. not in the mood to go out4. long before the market began to show signs of weakness5. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside4) 1. in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic2. armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives3. in the space of; no illusionII. Collocation:1. a little of2. a few; most of // many of3. much4. few5. many6. many of7. much of8. little9. few of 10. Someage:1.As the boy grew older2.she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale3.they don’t see themselves as servants of the people4.As she had left her key in the office5.Just do as you are told6.Areas once regarded as rural7.as they do in China8.As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive Exercises:I.Cloze1) Text-related1. mood2. tragic3. in the (immediate) aftermath of4. chaos5. toppling6. solidarity7. take revenge on8. thinking back on9. mourning 10. perished2) Theme-related1. crashed2. horrible3. harsh4. protect5. remove6. utterly7. truly8. justify9. rewarded10.devastatingII.Translation1)1.Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, toppling thegovernment and throwing the country into chaos.2.The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly3.Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of theAllies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.4.Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in no moodfor q quarrel//not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.5.People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their lovedones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?2):Today, long after the earthquake shook // hit my tome-town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.。

全新版大学英语综合教程4答案【全】(第二版)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1全新版大学英语综合教程4Text A课后练习答案Unit One Fighting with the Forces of NaturePart II Text AII. More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas.Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homeworkpaid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf earto all mywords.4)Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragilebody could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1)But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2)A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anythingabout it.3)It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned,especially if you fall asleep.5)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. 1. invasion2. stand in the way3.conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt2. 1. allow 2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts9. observing 10. powerfulVocabulary I.1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8 ) fall into3.1) … incorporates all the latest safety features3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words:kilo kilogram memo memorandumgym gymnasium lib liberationdoc doctor vet veterinarianprep preparatory auto automobileflu influenzaBlends:Medicare medical care email electronic mailcomsat communications satellite newscast news broadcastskyjack sky hijack Eurodollar European dollarbrunch breakfast and lunch telecast television broadcastOxbridge Oxford and CambridgeIII. Usage1. swimming pool2. drawing board3. enriched Middle English4. disturbing change5. fully developed prototype6. Canned foods7. working population 8. puzzling differencesComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. 1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted15) detect 16) vapor2. 1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation1. 1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in thedistance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing asignificant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlatedwith global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutesrecently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signalfrom the coach.2. Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.Unit 3 Job InterviewText OrganizationParagraphs Main IdeasParas1- 6 : An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Paras 7-27: Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2. Suggestions1) Prepare to win. 2) Never stop learning.3) Believe in yourself, even when no one else does.4) Find a way to make a difference.Examples1) Michael Jordan 2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and the Vietnam veteran. 4) a NewYork cabdriver.Language Sense Enhancement1. (1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings (5) be right for(6) follow up (7) indicating（8）hand-delivered (9) prepared(10) prospectiveVocabularyI.1. 1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2. 1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3. 1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’spalace3) will be in readers’ hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4. 1）applicants, veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study 8. be enough 9. be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’ll talk aboutmyself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I havesomething here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can readthe daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, Iwill see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort aspossible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. (1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) relevant (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint(11) make a difference (12) follow up2. (1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) done your homework(4) samples (5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously (9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1. 1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteranpilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she hadundergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’llhave the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I wouldhave made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinksfor a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with strongerstructures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2. Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.Unit 4VocabularyI. 1.advantag eous; let alone; witnessing…vanishing; landmark; entitled; displace;Established; patriotic…strengthen; contradictions; aspires; divorced; pendulumse to; dozed off; belived in; was set apart; take in; sucks in; clean up; turn away3. 1) makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus2) overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker3) at odds with his wife over money matters4) been at the forefront of nanotechnology research5) let alone cook a meal4. a) is increasingly…to accelerate…their investmentb) economy…make an earnest…domestic…strike a balance betweenII. Word FormationWTO 世界贸易组织GDP 国内生产总值自动出纳机增值税Computer-aided designInformation technology 信息技术International direct dialingMusic television 音乐电视International Olympic CommitteeVery importment person 贵宾，大人物激光CPUIII. Usage1) An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2) The reason (he gave) that he d idn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3) Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, somethingthat serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesCloze1.academics…networking…a varity of…growthvanish…facilitate…endorsing…outlook…sweepingaside…patritic…erasing…strike a balance2.aided…effectsdistances…connected…invested…features…prevailingqualitat ively…volume…DistinguishingTranslation1. 1)Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved hisassets from Europe to elsewhere.2) Ilike hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more abouther personal growth.4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.2. Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.Unit 5 Never judge by appearances Text Organizationl.Language sense enhancement1. decades2. undergoing3. had done wrong4. welcome reassurance5. appreciated6. brought back7. relatives 8. accomplish9. consume 10. representingVocabularyI. 1. 1) sprinkled 2) in turn3) reversed 4) repay5) at sea 6) traditional7) statement 8) longed for9) in secret 10) unloaded11) weep 12) under way2. 1) stretch out 2) make out3) hope for 4) turns (it) over5) put away 6) brings back7) got to 8) go about3. 1) As supplies of traditional fuels diminish, people are working to increase the use of solarenergy.We accord high priority to meeting the challenges of economic and environmental development in the region.While it is true that children of today are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated.Since she borrowed those books from the library she has been immersed in British history and culture.Everything changed in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident.4. 1) I'd like to express my sincere thanks to everyone who has been so considerate of my well-being. My heart is filled with gratitude that words cannot express.After everyone assembled on the playground amid the noise and excitement of the specta-tors, our coach again impressed on us the need to do our best in quest of excellence. Everything I saw in my hometown was marvelous. I could hardly believe that it had undergone such swift changes through cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers and the rest in the past few years.II. Collocation1, fond of 2. sick of3. thoughtful of4. confident of5. conscious of6. critical of7. guilty of 8. ashamed of-III. UsageTo know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say. It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success. Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.I think I'll stay at home this evening rather than go / going out.Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan / planning for them.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1) at sea 2) Turning over3) reverse 4) got to5) repay 6) gratitude7) assembled 8)immersed in9) unloading 10) swift(B)1) instead 2) possessions3) richer 4) breath5) cherish 6) special7) specific 8) shining9) miracles 10) giftII. Translation1. 1) Grandma took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of rice.2) I can quote you several instances of her dedication to science.3) The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones in China.4) Tension between the two countries stemmed in part from the latest spy affair.5) Peter has worked in a law firm for many years. You can consider having him as your lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help.2.Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving, rather than joining his friends in celebration of the holiday, George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George's father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop's famous saying "Gratitude is the sign of noble souls" and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.Unit 6 The Pace of LifeText Organization 1Part One Paras. 1-11The author gives three reasons why we feel so time-pressed today.Part Two Paras. 12-18Not everyone is time-stressed, and in the case of Americans they have actually gained more free time in the past decade.Part Three Paras. 19-23The perception of time famine has triggered a variety of reactions.Part Four Paras. 24-28The author pins down the crux(症结) of the problem and puts forward a remedy for the stress we feel.Text Organization 22) The aircraft creates a high demand for time-consuming journeys that we never dreamed of.3) The washing machine, contrary to our expectations, multiplies the hours spent on washing and ironing.4) Instead of making our lives easier, technology goes so far as to cram extra work into our leisure time.5) Technology produces the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails.6) Technology eats further into our time by forcing us to handle software glitches on computers and filling our heads with useless information from the Internet.Vocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply4) distribution 5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of 9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedVocabulary 21) eat into 2) cling to3) stand out/ stood out 4) wears away5) set about 6) switch off7) will be turned loose 8) poured inVocabulary 31)is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.2)to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were drivenout by the heat and flames.3)was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get moreinvolved with issues of market demand.4)can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 anddresses at ￡2,000.5)has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order tokeep her body in shape.Vocabulary 41)reaction to; discontent; provoked2)Convention; evading tax; the confines of3) a burden; are always on the go/ seem forever on the go; to copeII. Confusable Words1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress; stress 4) tension2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) HonoraryIII. Usage1)Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter. Is it sensible, we may ask,to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or anorchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line?2)3)This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to bequickly screened --- at airports, train stations, bus terminals or border crossings.However, experts suspect, there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves.4)With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce, often due to financialdifficulties, you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage.But, believe it or not,it isn’t money that ensures you a happy mar riage; it is your philosophy of life that does.5)Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual, you know. Sites promoting violenceare just a click away, and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices.Cloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature 9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1)advantage 2) wisely 3)faithfully 4)waking6)includes 6) schedule 7) sticking 8)priorities9) set 10) respectTranslation1)They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to findremedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.2)Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried tocram knowledge into my head.3)The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with thechanges of weather wherever we go on a trip.4)The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of thebuilding.5)In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and allkinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.2.Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception thathappiness lies in working hard and earning well/ good money.Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domesticresponsibilities.Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.Unit 7VocabularyI.11) divined 2) nerves 3) solidarity 4) sacred, mourn 5) coated 6) perish 7) hijack 8) grief9) farewell 10) take revenge on 11) revolves, revolves 12) denounced21)drop …off 2)applied for 3) went off 4) are gaining on 5) bring down 6) blottedout7)think back on 8) picking … at31)brought down the American housing market in 20082)what will happen after his son steps into shoes3)not in the mood to go out4)long before the market began to show signs of weakness5)mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside41)in the aftermath of , to blot out , the tragic2)armed, at dusk, accomplices, explosive3) in the space of, no illusionII1. a little of2. a few , most of /many of3. much4. few5. many6. many of7. muchof8. little 9. few of 10. someIII.1.As the boy grew older2.She sings as beautifully as a nightingale/sings like a nightingale3.they don’t see themselves, as servants of the people4.As she had left her key in the office5.Just do as you are told6.Areas once regarded as rural7.as they do in China8.As he was brave and loyal as wellComprehensive ExercisesI1.mood2. tragic3. in the… aftermath of4. chaos5. toppling6. solidarity7.take revenge on 8. thinking back on 9. mourning 10. perished1.crashed2. horrible3. harsh4. protect5. remove6. utterly7. truly8. justify9.rewarded 10. devastatingII.1.Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, toppling thegovernment and throwing the country into chaos2.The falling market shattered her illusion about getting rich quickly.3.Thinking back on the history of the World War II, we can see that theformation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.4.Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in nomood for a quarrel/not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hearit.5.People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their lovedones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?Today, long after the earthquake shook/hit my home town, I can still recall, in crystal detail, what I saw as I ran out of my home with parents. The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and acloud of chocking dust blotted out the sun. Horror-stricken people ran in alldirections, crying and screaming.Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one. In the town square, a memorial has been built to remember thosekilled in the disaster. It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.Unit 8 Go Traveling Part II Text AText Organization2.1) Birds, insects and animals of all descriptions2) The sweet air3) Various kinds of trees and other plants4) River abundant in fish5) Little girls who liked to play with the writer's hair6) Children singing lovely songs7) Treating guests with wonderful foods8) People and nature in harmonyVocabularyI.1.1) heap2) was smeared3) warmed4) dissolve5) thrash6) out of the way7) hollows8) tangle9) get his hands on10) opaque11) at the edge of, illumined12) hop2.1) take ... apart 2) result from3) run out of 4) feed on5) come forward 6) woke up7) focused on 8) settled over3.1) After reading the book Little Women, Mary was dying to see the movie based on it.2) Street noises do not penetrate to the 20th floor of our office building because as a rule, the sheer distance mutes all sound from the ground.3) You will inevitably lose sight of the overall objective if you fuss too much over details.4) Back at home from his long journey, Tom slumped into an armchair, (feeling) completely exhausted.5) Dorothy Parker, an American poet and short-story writer, was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time.4.1) Thousands of people swarmed to the East Lake yesterday to watch the spectacular boat race between the world champions who paddled their boats like mad.2) The Smiths live in the heart of a large forest, which is out of the range of all the noise of modern cities. The house itself, the ivy trailing over the stone walls and the swans gliding in the lake nearby all make for an ideal place for anyone to live in.3) Day after day he came to the narrow strip of beach, watching the heaving waves of the sea slap angrily at the rocks of the shore.II Confusable Words 1.1) worth2) worthy3) worthwhile4) worth, worth5) worthwhile6) worthy2.1) lone2) alone3) alone4) lonely5) lonely6) aloneIII. Usage1.ice cream2.teas3.wines4.cloth5.soap6.beer7.fuels8.soild9.sugars10.grassComprehensive ExercisesI.Cloze1.1)are dying to2)in the heart of3)tangled4)paddles5)loop6)out of sight7)in flocks8)hopping9)gliding10)opaque11)thrashing12)darting13)swarms14)spectacular2.1)running2)fancy3)incorporate4)exploring5)guide6)adventure7)rarely8)diverse9)survive10)luckyII Translation1)Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heart to heron their first date.2)At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, nowscreaming, but before long they were out of sight.3)The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet ofcars waiting for their arrival.4)Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear hischaracter.5)Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknotes. He said he had found iton the curb when he hopped off his school bus.Last Wednesday my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singing loudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats gliding over the water in all silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the hea vy traffic and noise of the large city.Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I'd like to go there again.。

《全新版⼤学英语综合教程》第四册李荫华课后习题答案上海外语教育出版社Appendix IKey to Exercises (Units 1-8)Unit 1Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:The song you are about to hear is based on a true story. It tells the tale of the sinking of a ship called The Edmund Fitzgerald that was caught in a storm on Lake Superior back in November 1975, with the loss of all on board.Lake Superior is an enormous lake and the wind can at times make it dangerous to shipping, whipping up huge waves. November is a particularly dangerous month for such storms. This had long ago been noticed by a local native American tribe, the Chippewa, who used to speak of how death threatened from the lake when storm clouds gathered in November. According to legend, the big lake, which they called Gitche Gumee, was without mercy in that month, never giving up those it had marked for death.It is this legend that starts the song before it moves on to talk of The Edmund Fitzgerald. The Edmund Fitzgerald, like many other ships that sail the lake, was built to carry iron ore. Filled with ore these ships lie low in the water and can find themselves in difficulties in rough weather. So, with a full load on board we can imagine the anxiety that must have begun to creep into the hearts of the sailors on board The Edmund Fitzgerald as they felt the cold wind beginning to rise and heard the sound of it singing as it blew through the wires. For, despite the fact that the captain and crew were all experienced, "well-seasoned" as the song says, they all knew the dangers of November storms. Before long their worse fears started to come true and the storm had risen to a hurricane. The despair of the crew is captured in the words of the cook. First he comes on deck to tell the sailors it is too rough to cook, they will have to wait for their supper. The next we hear from him he is saying - $6 -Appendix Igoodbye to his shipmates. Water is pouring into the ship. The captain sends out a distress signal, but that is the last that is heard from the ship. It is swallowed up by the lake, leaving nothing behind but the mourning families of the twenty-nine sailors and the sound of the church bell ringing in their memory.Now let's listen to the song:The Wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldGordon LightfootThe legend lives on from the Chippewa on downOr the big lake they call Gitche GumeeTke lake, it is said,rfever gives up her deadWhen the skies or November turn gloomyWitk a load of iron ore twenty-six thousand tons moreThan the Edmund Fitzgerald weighed emptyThat good ship and true was a hone to be chewedWhen the gales of November came earlyTke skip was tke pride of tke American side Coming back fromsome mill in Wisconsin As tke kig freigkters go, it was kiggertkan most Witk a crew and good captain well seasonedConcluding some terms witk a couple of steel firms Wken tkeyleft fully loaded for Cleveland And later tkat nigkt wken tkeskip's kell rang Could it ke tke nortk wind tkey'd been feelingTke wind in tke wires made a tattle-tale soundAnd a wave broke over tke railingAnd every man knew,as tke captain did tooTwas tke witck of Novemker come stealingTke dawn came late and the breakfast had to waitWken the Gales of November came slashingWhen afternoon came it was freezing rainIn the face of a hurricane west windAppendix 1- 6? -When suppertime came,the old cook came on deck sayingFellas1, it's too rough to reed ya2At seven PM a main hatchway caved in,he saidFellas, it's heen good to know yaThe captain wired in he had water coming inAnd the good ship and crew was in perilAnd later that night when his lights went out of sightCame the wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldDoes any one know where the love of God goes When the waves turn the minutes to hours The searchers all say they'd have made Whitefish Bay If they'd put fifteen more miles hehind her They might have split up or they might have capsized They may have broke deep and took water And all that remains is the faces and the names Of the wives and the sons and the daughters JLake Huron rolls, Superior singsIn the rooms of her ice'water mansionOld Michigan steams like a young man's dreamsThe islands and hays are for sportsmenAnd farther helow Lake OntarioTakes in what Lake Erie can send herAnd the iron boats go as the mariners all knowWith the Gales of November rememberedIn a musty old hall in Detroit they prayed In the Maritime Sailors' Cathedral The church hell chimed til it rang twenty-nine timesFor each man on the Edmund Fitzgerald■■??1 fella: (slang) fellow2 ya: (slang) you- 66 -Appendix 1Trie legend lives on irom the Chippewa on down Or thenig lake they call Gitche Gumee Superior, they said, nevergives up her dead When the gales or November comeearlyPart II Text Alexf Organization":..........................■■■■.......................................■■ -Parts Paragraphs'' Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's militarycampaigns failed because of the severity of the Russianwinter.Part Two Paras 3-11Napoleon's military campaign against RussiaPart Three Paras 12-20Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21Conclusion—The elements of nature must be reckonedwith in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earthpolicySection Two Paras 14-18the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war VocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance3) stroke5) minus 7) declarations 2) heroic 4) limp 6) regions 8) siegeAppendix I- $99) raw10) retreat11) have taken their toll12) In the case of13) campaign14) at the cost of15) has been brought to a halt2. 1) is faced with2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) picking up6) falling apart7) cut back8) take over3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2)The border dispute between the two countries resulted in thousands of casualties.3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of hercareer.4)Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obso-lete.4. 1) At that time, the enemy forces were much superior to ours, so we had to give up theoccupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up ourbases.2)Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with thisproblem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by con-stant internal struggle in an organization.3)The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against theGermans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famousbattle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army bylaunching a series of counterattacks.II. More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium and in the no-man's-land between the trenches.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all mywords.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body couldwithstand the harsh weather.- 90 -Appendix IIII. Usage1)But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2)A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.3)It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if youfall asleep.5)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.■Structure1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by 30 percent.2)To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.3)To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.4)We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the coming Christ-mas.2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.2)By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas north of the Yangtze River.3)Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live in the United States at the age of four.4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the United States for about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion 3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign2.stand in the way4.catching... off his guard 6.declaration8.drag on10.die from9. reckon with11. bringing...to a haltAppendix I- 91 -(B)1. In2.since3. the4.and5. it6.that/who7. of/about8.across9. to10.lost11. to12.with13. buried14.in15. than16.between17. from18.to19. downII. TranslationThe offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The divi-sion commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over.Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III TextBComprehension Check 1. d.-2. d 4. a3. b- 92 -Appendix ITranslation(#JE Appendix III)Language Practice1. boast2.obstacles3. was concerned4.call ...off■5. paid off6.was pinned down7. are contesting8.prior to9. holdout10.objective11. responsible for12.in case13. favorable14.due to15. on the eve of16.cancel17. complications18.stiff19. withstand20.absentPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing:_____________It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had no hesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.______√____Eisenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote: "... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up,and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, 'well, we'll go." Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms ofAppendix I- 98 -disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154 words)Unit 2Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:What will the world be like in five hundred years' time? A thousand years' time? Or more? Some people are optimistic, looking forward to a better world. Others are pessimistic, and fear that things can only get worse. The writer of the song you are about to listen to takes the pessimistic view. Looking further and further into the future things seem to him to get worse and worse. By 3535, he foresees all our thoughts and feelings will be shaped by drugs. Looking further still into the future he foretells that our bodies will waste away as machines do everything for us. Family life as we know it will fade away as children are bred artificially, chosen, in the words of the song, "from the bottom of a long black tube." Given that man seems to pay so little attention to taking care of the planet and avoiding using up all its resources, he ends by wondering whether man will still be around in the future. It's enough, as he says, to make even God shake his head.Here is the song:In the Year 2525Zager & EvansIn the year 2525If man is still aliveIf woman can surviveThey may find- 9^ -Appendix IIn the year 3535Ain't gonna need* to tell the truth, tell no lies Everythingyou think, do, or say Is in the pill you took todayIn the year 4545Ain't gonna need your teeth, won't need your eyesYou won't rind a thing to doNobody's gonna look at youIn the year 5555Your arms are hanging limp at your sidesYour legs not nothing to doSome machine is doing that for youIn the year 6565Ain't gonna need no husband, won't need no wife-:You'll pick your son, pick your daughter .tooFrom the bottom of a long black tube.In the year, 7510. If God's a-comin' he ought to make it by then;Maybe he'll look around himself and sayGuess it's time for the Judgment Day1.In the year 8510God's gonna shake his mighty head.He'll either say I'm pleased where man has been Or tear itdown and start againIn the year 9595I'm kinda wondering if man's gonna be alive He's takeneverything this old earth can give And he ain't put backnothing1 the Judgment Day: the end of the world, the time of God's final judgment of all people Appendix I- 95Now it's been 10,000 years Manhas cried a billion tears For what henever knew Now man's reign isthrough But through the eternalnight The twinkling of starlight Sovery far away Maybe it's onlyyesterdayPart II Text A'lText OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-3New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars andhighways in the 21st century.Part Two Paras 4-9With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be sodesigned that they can help eliminate traffic accidents,determine their own precise locations and warn of trafficjams.Part Three Paras 10-13GPS and "telematics" will make it possible to build smarthighways, which will benefit us in more than one way.1)Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act2)They can eliminate most car accidents;3)They can alert the police and provide precise location ifstolen;4)They can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby;5)They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;6)They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.VocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion3) vapor 2) manufacturing4) take control of: . j■-96-Appendix 16) satellite 8) magnetic 10)in the air12)approximately 14)monotonous 2)stand up for 4)making up for 6)play uplay up hazards convert bunched got/was stuck in application mounted send out result from starting up p 8)take on take on With regard to the recent flood of corporate scandals, some professors from Stanford andHarvard say they will incorporate Enron's real-world lessons into their classroom work. Our vacation was a disaster: the food was terrible, and the weather was awful as well. As a Special Administrative Region (SAR), Macao is permitted to retain its lucrative gambling industry although gambling remains illegal on the Chinese mainland. Manufacturers usually begin by building the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.Medical evidence shows that smoking and lung cancer are correlated. Expanded use of computer technology, development of stronger and lighter materials, and research in/intopollution control will produce better, and "smarter" automobiles. In the 1980s the notion that a car would "talk" to its driver was science fiction; by the 1990s it had become a reality, more or less. Presently automobile companies such as GM and Nissan are poised to launch new advertising campaigns for their smart cars. Sounds are produced by objects that vibrate in the air at a rate that the ear can detect. This rate is called frequency and is measured in hertz, or vibrations per second. Reflective devices are more visible at night and are used in some locations to mark lanes and other significant places on the road. What's more, automated vehicle-control technologies are presently under development to improve highway safety. These devices are mounted in the vehicle and can alert a driver to an impending hazard or, in an emergency,override the actions of the driver. II. Word FormationClipped WordsBlendskilo kilogram Medicare medical care memo memorandumd email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsatcommunications satellitegive up 5) 7) 9) 11) 13) 15) 2. 1) 3) 5) 7) 3. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 4. 1)2) 3)Appendix 1- 9? -lib doc vet prep auto liberation newscast news broadcast doctor autopilot automatic pilot veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar preparatory brunch breakfast lunch automobile telecast television broadcastIII. Usage1. swimming pool3. enriched Middle English 5. fully developed prototype 7. working population 2.drawing board4.disturbing change 6.Canned foods8.puzzling differencesStruct-ure11)Thanksgiving in the U.S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together fromacross the country.2)The monkey suddenly emerged from behind the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.3)Mom said that she would not allow me to buy a new computer unless the price dropped tobelow 2000 yuan.4)In between the chores, Jim managed to spend 50 to 60 hours a week working at the computeror doing reporting for the freelance articles he sells to magazines.2. 1) Most people find it hard to understand how living with one's own children could be lonely.2)The manager felt it necessary to remove the five misbehaving secretaries in order to maintainadministrative discipline.3)The Senator called it wasteful to give free Medicare to those who could afford to pay.4)We don't consider it possible to set back the clock of history.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. alert3. highway5. take control of 7. decrease9. monotonous2.hazards 4.start up /doc/6213765387.htmlne8.get stuck in 10.eliminate- 96 -Appendix I11. convert(B)l.for3. enabled5. decreased / reduced 7.quantities9. worldwide11. manufacturing 13.on/upon15. which17. problems / hazards 19. Nevertheless 12. mounted2.way4.farther 6.by8.locally 10.with 12.As14.provide 16.itself 18.and 20. continuingII. TranslationAutomobiles changed the world during the 20th century, particularly in the United States and other industrialized nations. They are indeed of great use to us, but they have brought some hazards as well, such as noise and air pollution, and highway fatalities. It is reported that automo-bile accidents rank among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. Fortu-nately modern innovators are reinventing the automobile. New propulsion systems, fuels, de-signs, and means of manufacturing cars have all developed rapidly in the past decade. For ex-ample, by using the satellite-aided global positioning system (GPS), a computer in the automobile can locate the vehicle's precise position, and with the application of sensors, smart cars can eliminate most car accidents.Part III TextBComprehension Check1. a 3. c 5. b2. c 4. d 6. bIranslalion(#JE Appendix III)Appendix I- 99 -Language Practice1. introduction3. diverse5. in cooperation with 7. At die start of9. perceive11. appropriate13. component15. thereby17. exposure19. matures2. outlines 4. feasible6. assembly 8. implications 10. realistic 12. by means of 14.implemented 16. permanent 15.equivalent 20. en routePart IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Sample Resume...Hong QinRm. 316, New College Dormitory XuanwuUniversity, 2270 Zhongshan Road Nanjing,Jiangsu, 212000 Tel: (025) 9709399 Email:hqin @ /doc/6213765387.htmlEmployment ObjectiveReporter position wiUi a major newspaper or magazineEducationBachelor of Arts in Journalism, Xuanwu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, July 2002?Graduated Magna Cum Laude with a GPA of 3.6 on a 4.0 scaleProficient with MS Office, Lotus Notes, Windows XP and the InternetCourses taken included:Reporting Public Affairs Feature WritingComputer Assisted Reporting Theories of Mass CommunicationWriting for Mass Communication Advertising and Public Relations- 100 -Appendix IWorld Press Systems Advanced Newspaper DesignEmployment ExperienceReporter Internship with the Yangtze Evening Post, 101 South Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210005, June 2001 to August 2001Researched information for stories for the Transportation and Tourism columnsInterviewed contributors both over the phone and in personMet every daily deadline successfully, with 100% completion of all assigned reports by specified deadlinesAssistant Editor / Reporter with Jinling Evening News, 53 Jiefang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, July, 2000 — present Responsible for reporting students' activities at Xuanwu UniversityDeveloped fortnightly stories without missing a single deadlineAwardsSecond Place in the News Writing Competition for Students of Journalism in Nanjing, 2001Xuanwu Award for Excellence in Journalism, 2000Professional InterestsMember of the Journalists' Association of Jiangsu Province. Vice chairman of the Students' Union at Xuanwu University, Proficient in both Chinese and EnglishReferences and writing samples available upon request.Unit 3iPart I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:The song you are about to hear was written by one of a group of four singers known as theAppendix I- 101 -Silhouettes. He wrote the song back in the 1950s, shortly after leaving the army. It is easy to imagine that it may well reflect his own experience of suddenly finding himself having to look for a job. If the song is anything to go by, his wife was largely unsympathetic, suspecting him of laziness and not trying hard enough. Every morning she would get him out of bed, telling him to get a job; every breakfast she would throw the paper down in front of him, pointing out the jobs he could apply for. And when he got home at the end of the day without having had any success she would accuse him of lying about his job hunting, suspecting, no doubt, that he had not bothered to try. Do you think he did? What does it sound like to you? Silhouettes—Get a JobSha na na na, sha na na na na,Sha na na na, sha na na na na,Sha na na na, sha na na na na,Sha na na na,sha na na na na,Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yipMum mum mum mum mum mumGet a jot Sna na na na, sna na na na naEvery morning about this timeshe get me out of my beda-crying get a job.Alter breakfast, every day,she throws the want ads right my wayAnd never fail s to say,Get a job Sha na na na, sba na na na naSha na na na, sha na na na na,Sha na na na, sha na na na na,Sha na na na, sha na na na na,Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yipMum mum mum mum mum mumGet a job Sha na na na, sha na na na naAnd when I get the paperI read it through and throughAnd my girl never fails to sayIf there is any work for me,- 102 -Appendix IAnd when I go tack to the houseI hear the woman's mouth Preaching and a crying,Tell me that I'm lying 'Lout a job That I never couldrind. Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na na na, shana na na na, Sha na na na, sha na na na na, Sha na nana, sha na na na na, Yip yip yip yip yip yip yip yipMum mum mum mum mum mum Get a job Sha nana na, sha na na na naPart II Text Ahx\ Organization 1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-6 A recent college graduate failed to answer the questions atan interview because of lack of preparation.Part Two Paras 7-27Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee Part Three Paras 28-31Everyone should make his or her own tracks in whateverhe or she does.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win.1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning.2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself, even when no one else does.3) the four-minute mile, the New YorkMarathon and the Vietnam veteran 4) Find a way to make a difference.4) New York cabdriversAppendix 1- 108-VocabularyI. 1. 1) generously2) physically3) structure4)partition5) blurted out6)chuckling7) pried8)prospective9) jet10)sparkled11) took a crack at12)partner13) made a (big) difference14)beyond his wildest dream.15) employment2. 1) go after2)look back on/at3) be put up4)count on5) was handed down6) follow up7) bring about8) broke into3. 1) Mary's parents grilled her about where she had been all night.2)In order to meet the deadline, we worked 48 hours without sleep and finally made it.3)The translation of the popular novel has just finished and a Chinese version will be in readers' hands soon.4)As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview.5)Jim's car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4. 1) The director of the Urban Development Office will interview the two local applicants, aswell as the two other candidates recommended by the staff committee this afternoon, to pickout the prospective designer for the construction of the city square.2)In the endeavor to clean up the river before the deadline set for this important municipal project, the project manager has tried every possible means to go after the best engineers forthe work.3)Time is money, as the saying goes. People in my age bracket often want to have a crack at everything new, but they just cannot afford the time and energy.II. Words with Multiple Meanings1.When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (behave)2.Richard suggested I keep all my friends' addresses on my computer, as he does his. (used to avoid repetition)3.Elizabeth told her daughter that if she did the bathroom, the kitchen and the living room, she。