HTML的文件结构
主体结构如下：
文件头信息（网页中不显示）
在浏览器中显示的HMTL文件的正文
常见html标记
1.
,
段落标记2.
回车换行标记
3.
4.
5.
7.开始结束
8.
文件头条信息(输入内容不显示)9.
正文(信息输入内容显示)10.
11.
12.
13.＆nbsp；空白(删除，可输入内容)
14.
网页中的层15. 音频插件
16.em 斜体
英文翻译
image图片 inder首页 color颜色 copyright版权 banner广告条width宽度
height高度 autostart参数 false值 line-height行高 style格式/样式scrtpt网页特效代码标记 bgcolor背景颜色 counts图片数量
表格 table
1、background 添加背景图片
2、border color 添加单元格边框颜色
页中页 Iframe
1、Name 框架名字
2、Src 链接的源文件
3、Frameborder 框架的边框设置
4、Scrolling 滚动条设置
插入音频
1.bgsound 背景声音
2.autostart=true 自动开始播放
3.loop=-1 />无限循环播放
总结：
音频格式
1.MIDI格式(midi/mid) 电子配乐、轻音乐适合网页背景音乐
2.WMA格式(wma) 数据量少适合传输、听歌
3.MP3 数据少适合传输
4、RealAudio(rm/ram) 适合传输
5、bgsornd背景音乐 src属性 auto自动 start开始 loop循环 -1代表无限循环
false不要自动播放
插件音频设置
1.autostart false 打开网页不自动播放
图像播放器
1.imageURLs 添加图片源文件
2.showControls 显示播放控制条
3.slideDelay 播放间隔时间/切换时停留时间
4.slideLoop 是否循环播放
5.transitions 播放方式(Random随即播放)(Rotate旋转出现)
6.slideAutoPlay 自动播放
7、gif格式：数据量小，带动画信息，透明背景，只支持256色。适合网站LOGO、广告条及网页背景图像。
jpeg格式：高效压缩数据，基本不丢失颜色和画质。适合照片及精美图片。
png格式：两者结合。适合于网页效果。
AP DIV层的可见性
1.onClick 点击
2.visible 显示
3.hidden 隐藏
4.scroll 滚动条
5.auto 自动（自动设置滚动条）
6、default 默认
7、显示标尺：在2个标尺之间，按ctrl，自动算出中间距离
层的应用
1. solid 边框
2.border 图层边框设置
3.thin 细边框
4、层加边框：border:1px sdid #093(黄色)；
5、嵌套AP DIV(父子关系):新建AP,光标插入层,插入/布局对象/AP Div
行为特效
1.onMouseOver 当鼠标经过时触发事件
2.onMouseOut 当鼠标离开时触发事件
3.OnLoad 打开某网页
4.OnUmload 关闭某网页
5.input 出入文本域
6.on Focus 事件被触发点击时发生
7.onBlur 事件会在失去焦点时发生
8.onClick事件会发生在点击时（被点击）
9.onDblclick 事件会发生在双击时
10.onmouseDown 事件会发生在键盘按下时
11.onmouseOver 事件会发生在鼠标松开时
12.onmouseOut 事件会发生在鼠标离开指定对象时
13.onmouseMove 事件会发生在鼠标移动时
14.onkeyPress 事件会发生在用户按下一个键盘时
15.onleyPress 事件会发生在键盘按下并释放一个键时
16.onkeyUp 事件会发生在键盘按键被松开时
17、body 网页 code密码
CSS样式应用
1.none 没有，零
2.solid 实线边框
3.TOP 上部
4.Right 左部
5.Bottom 底部
6.Left 右部
7.class 类
8.link 超链接默认状态
9.vusited 已近浏览过的链接
10.hover 鼠标经过时
11.active 点击链接时
12、缩小文字行距：在代码中
像这样
这一段的行高就是25了
网页链接目标
1.biank 在新窗口
2.top 在当前窗口
3.parent 框架嵌套
4.self 当前容器显示
5、—self 会在当前网页所在窗口或框架中打开（默认）
—blank 每个链接会创建一个新的窗口
—new 会在同一个刚创建的窗口中打开
Explanation https://www.doczj.com/doc/9218843209.html,anization Code of the People’s Republic of China is the unique and permanent legal code mark for organizations in China. “Orgnaization Code Certificate” is the certificate of the organization’s legal code, composed by an original and a duplicate. 2.“Orgnaization Code Certificate”is not allowed to be rent, lent, used by any third party other than its owner, assigned, counterfeited, altered or illegally traded. 3.When registered items in“Orgnaization Code Certificate”are to be changed, the organization should submit an application to the authority. https://www.doczj.com/doc/9218843209.html,anizations must accept the annual inspection by the authority in accordance with ralated regulations. 5.Upon legal cacellation or revocation,organizations should do cacelling registration with the agency of issue, and return all the organization code certificates. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection Quarantine of The People’s Republic of China (seal). Accept the periodic review before May 29 within 30 days in the period of validity Change the Certificate within 30 days before May 29, 2017 Annual Inspection Record NO.2012 5532700
常用单位的中英文对照翻译 单位 Unit. 单位制 system of units 米 meter (m) 毫米 millimeter (mm) 英尺 foot (ft) 英寸 inch (in) 弧度 radian (rad) 度degree (°) 摄氏 Celsius. (C) 华氏 Fahrenheit (F) 磅／平方英寸 pounds per square inch (psi) 百万帕斯卡 million pascal (MPa) 巴 bar 千克（公斤） kilogram (kg) 克 gram (g) 牛顿 newton (N) 吨 ton (t) 千磅 kilopound (kip) 平方米 square meter (m 2) 方毫米 square millimeter (mm2 ) 立方米 cubic meter (m3 ) 升 liter; litre (L) 转／分 revolutions per minute (rpm) 百万分之一 parts per million (ppm) 焦（耳） Joule (J) 千瓦 kilowatt (kW) 伏（特） volt (V) 安（培） ampere (A) 欧（姆）ohm (Ω) （小）时 hour (h) 分 minute (min) 秒 second (s)
管道组成件专业英语(中英文对照) 1 管道组成件 Piping component 1.1 管子 Pipe 管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe 管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe 碳钢管 carbon steel pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢 stainless steel pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe 电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube 直管 run pipe; straight pipe 1.2 管件 Fitting 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 带支座弯头 base elbow k半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow
建筑结构在冲击负载作用下连续倒塌分析方法 摘要：建筑物在冲击负载作用下的连续倒塌已经引起了全世界的极大关注。对于一个经济的，安全的，能够抵抗冲击负载作用下连续倒塌的建筑结构设计，连续倒塌分析是必不可少的。因为连续倒塌的灾难性特点，和为了抵抗它而潜在的建造和改造建筑物的高额费用，所以连续倒塌分析方法是绝对必要且可信的。对于工程师们而言，他们估算连续倒塌的方法不仅仅要求精确和简要，而且容易上手，立竿见影。因而，最近许多研究者都在发展可靠有效和直接的连续倒塌分析方法上花费了很多的精力。在最近的干物上，当前在文献资料中找得到的关于连续倒塌的分析方法被重新审阅。人们广泛讨论它们的适宜性、适用性和可靠性。我们也提出了最近刚刚完成的关于钢筋混凝土框架在爆破荷载下的连续倒塌新分析方法。 关键词：连续倒塌分析；建筑结构；爆炸荷载；冲击荷载 连续倒塌被定义为“由于一个基本的局部构件失效在构件之间扩散最终造成整个结构或者是不成比例的一大部分倒塌”。其含义为一个或者一组关键承重构件的失效造成周围构件的失效和部分或者是整个结构的倒塌。建筑结构的连续倒塌可能由一系列的意外和人为的因素造成，比如：错误的建造顺序，偶然过载造成的局部失效，爆炸和地震造成的关键组件的损坏。这篇论文仅仅研究了特殊荷载（如：爆炸和冲击），造成的建筑结构连续倒塌的分析。 随着最近Alfred P．Murrah联邦大楼和世界贸易中心（WTC）的倒塌，许多的研究更多的关注如何建造抵抗由于爆炸和冲击荷载造成连续倒塌的建筑。对于一个经济的，安全的，能够抵抗冲击负载作用下连续倒塌的建筑结构设计，连续倒塌分析是必不可少的。因为连续倒塌的灾难性特点，和为了抵抗它而潜在的建造和改造建筑物的高额费用，所以连续倒塌分析方法是绝对必要且可信的。对于工程师们而言，他们估算连续倒塌的方法不仅仅要求精确和简要，而且容易上手，立竿见影。因而，最近许多研究者都在发展可靠有效和直接的连续倒塌分析方法上花费了很多的精力。
Tax Registration Certificate Tax File No.: Name of Taxpayer: Representative of Legal Person (person in charge): Address: Type of Registration: Scope of Business: Approval Authority: Withholding obligations: As defined in accordance with Laws Tax License-issuing Authority: XXX National Tax Bureau (Seal) XXX Local Tax Bureau(Seal) date SUPERVISED BY NATIONAL TAX HEAD BUREAU
Tax Registration Certificate Tax File No.: Name of taxpayer: Legal representative (person in charge): Address: Type of Registration: Scope of Business: Approval Authority: Withholding obligations: As defined in accordance with Laws Tax License-issuing Authority: XXX National Tax Bureau (Seal), XXX Local Tax Bureau(Seal)
Flash代码中文翻译 学号：200790025 function distance(x1, y1, x2, y2) { function函数，括号内表示相关参数，括号前的distance则代表的是命名var diffX = x2-x1; diffX变量参数为X2-X1 var diffY = y2-y1; diffy变量参数为X2-X1 var r = Math.sqrt(diffX*diffX+diffY*diffY); 变量参数R为(diffX*diffX+diffY*diffY)的开平方 return int(r); } 回到整型（R） 整型，即输入的值为整数 _root.p0.txtName = "p0"; 路径p0下的txtname为“p0”即随着鼠标的移动“P0”也随之移动 _root.p1.txtName = "p1"; 解释同上 _root.p0.txtPos = "x: "+int(_root.p0._x)+" y: "+int(_root.p0._y); 路径p0下的txtpos为X:路径p0的X值的整数 y：路径p0的y值的整数 _root.p1.txtPos = "x: "+int(_root.p1._x)+" y: "+int(_root.p1._y); 解释同上 _root.txtDistance = _root.distance(_root.p0._x, _root.p0._y, _root.p1._x, _root.p1._y); 路径txtdistance为函数distanc(自行理解) _root.p0.onPress = function() { this.startDrag(); 路径po，按下，函数参数范围内开始运行 图标开始拉动 _root.onMouseMove = function() { onMouseMove鼠标移走 _root.txtDistance = _root.distance(_root.p0._x, _root.p0._y, _root.p1._x, _root.p1._y); 路径txtdistance为函数distanc(自行理解) _root.p0.txtPos = "x: "+int(_root.p0._x)+" y: "+int(_root.p0._y); }; 路径p0下的txtpos为X:路径p0的X值的整数 y：路径p0的y值的整数 }; _root.p1.onPress = function() { this.startDrag();
People's Republic of China Organization Code Certificate Code: Name: Type: Legal representative: Address: Validity: Issuing authority: Registration No.: Remarks https://www.doczj.com/doc/9218843209.html,anization code of the People’s Republic of China is the sole and unchanged legal code mark for an organization in the territory of the People's Republic of China. The Code Certificate is the certificate for an organization's legal code mark, made in original and duplicate. 2. The certificate shall not be rented, lent, infringed, transferred, forged, modified or illegally transacted. 3. If the registration items in the certificate incur change, change for registration shall be applied with issuing authority. 4. Any organization shall follow relevant regulations to accept annual inspection made by issuing authority. 5. When an organization is cancelled or annulled, cancellation for registration shall be made with the original issuing authority, and the code certificate shall be recalled. People’s Republic of China The state administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine shall be signed. 1,Attending the annual verification according to the rules every year. 2,In the alteration, cancellation within 30 days from the date of alteration and cancellation of registration. 3,Register a replacement within 30 days prior to the expiration of the valid period of the certificate. NO.
翻译中常见的句型 1．否定句型 1）部分否定。其否定意义只局限于整体中的一部分。其形式：“概括词all, every等+not+谓语动词”。常用于该句型词：all, both, everybody, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely, wholly等。 All is not gold that glitters. I do not wholly agree. 2) 完全否定。其形式：no, none 等否定词+肯定式谓语。常用于该句型词：no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never, neither, nowhere, nowise, 等。还有一种句型：all等概括词+肯定式谓语+否定意义的词。 No words can describe the scene. 任何言词均不能描绘那景色。 All his plan came to nothing. 3)双重否定 a.主语+cannot+ help/refrain/keep + from + v-ing He could not help showing his pleasure.他不由得喜形于色。 b.主语+cannot+ but/choose but/ help but +do They can not choose but admit that they are wrong. c.(there be) not +主语+but+谓语 (There is )Nobody but has his faults. 人人都有缺点。 2．判断句型 1）强调判断句 a.主语+be+ no/none +other than/but +表语（强调内容） The tall figure that I saw was none other than our commander. b.主语+be+ nothing+(else)but/ else than/ less than+ 表语 Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.天才只不过是劳动加勤奋而已。 c.it is/was +强调部分+that/ who +从句 It is I who am to blame. 2) 正反判断句 a.主语+be +not+表语a, but +表语b What I admire in Columbus is not his discovered a world, but his having gone to search for it on the faith of an opinion. b.(it is) not… that(who) …, but…that (who) Not that we are afraid of them, but that they are afraid of us. 3)比较判断句： a.主语+be less+表语a +than表语b / more+表语b+表语a Experience shows that success is due less to abilities than to zeal. b.主语+be+表语b+ rather than+表语a He is an artist rather than a philosopher. c.主语+be+ not so much +表语a+ as+表语b It is so much advice as approval that he seeks. 他寻求的与其说是忠告，不如说是忠告。3．倍数表示句型： a.主语+be+倍数+that of 被比较对象/ as +形容词+as+被比较对象
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ORGANIZATION CODE CERTIFICATE (duplicate) Code: 42788107-0 Name of organization: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences The Original document is only used to personal abroad for public business, Duplication inefficacy (seal) Type of organization: Undertaking legal person: He Xingyuan Address: Weishan Road 3195#, Gaoxin technology and industrial District, Changchun City, Jilin Province. Term of validity: From 30th March, 2012 to 31st March, 2013 Issuing authority:National Administration for Code Allocation to Organizations Registration No.: ZDG100000-069138-1 Remarks https://www.doczj.com/doc/9218843209.html,anization code of the People’s Republic of China is the sole and unchan ged legal code mark for an organization in the territory of the People's Republic of China. The Code Certificate is the certificate for an organization's legal code mark, made in original and duplicate. 2.The certificate shall not be rented, lent, infringed, transferred, forged, modified, or illegally transacted. 3.If the registration items in the certificate incur change, change for registration shall be applied with issuing authority. 4.Any organization shall follow relevant regulations to accept annual inspection made by issuing authority. 5.When an organization is cancelled or annulled, cancellation for registration shall be made with the original issuing authority, and the code certificate shall be recalled. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China (seal) Annual inspection record NO. 2012 0000138
The People’s Republic China Remarks Organization Code Certificate https://www.doczj.com/doc/9218843209.html,anization Code of the People’s Republic of China is the sole and unchanged legal code (Duplicate) for an organization in the territory of the People’s Republic of China. The Code certificate is the certificate for an organization’s legal code mark,made in original and duplicate. Code: 2.The certificate shall not be leased,lent,infringed,transferred,forged,modified, or illegally transacted. Name of Organization: 3.It must be applied for change registration when the registered matters of the certificate have any changes. 4.The organization shall make annual check according to related regulations of issuing authority. Type of Organization: Undertaking Legal Person 5. When the organization is cancelled or annulled, cancellation for registration shall be made (Legal Representative: ) with the original issuing authority,and the code certificate shall be recalled. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine Address: of the People’s Republic of China ( Seal) Certificate annual check shall not be informed seperately Annual Check Record Term of Validity: Array Issue by: Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision of XXX Registration NO.:ZDG NO.
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练，因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： （1）What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语） （2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句） (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词） (4) 就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human
Certificate for Uniform Social Credit Code Uniform Social Credit Code:000000000000000000 （二维码） Issue Date:XX-06-2016 Organization Name: XXXXXX Organization Nature: Public Institution Organization Address: XXXXXXX Person in Charge: XXXXXX Code Issuer: Uniform Social Credit CodeSeal of State Commission Office of Public Sectors Reform Note: If the above information has any change, the code user should timely update the information with the code issuer to replace with relevant new certificate; regarding information errors such as ineffective two-dimensional code because of overdue update, the code user should undertake the responsibility by itself. Made by State Commission Office of Public Sectors Reform
拓扑优化中的99行matlab代码——o.sigmund 摘要这篇文章描述了用matlab语言来简洁的实现在静态负载下符合最小化原理的拓扑优化。总共只需要输入99行代码，包括优化程序和有限元分析子程序。这99行代码中，其中36行为主程序，12行为基于最优控制器的优化程序，16行为敏度过滤分析，其余35行代码作为有限元分析。实际上，除去注释行以及输出行、有限元分析行，仅有49行matlab代码输入用于解决一个适定的拓扑优化问题。再加上3行补充程序代码，这个程序就可以解决多种负载工况问题。这个代码主要是以教育指导为用，完整的matlab代码在附录中给出，同时也可以在网页http://www.topopt.dtu.dk上下载。 关键词拓扑优化教育最优准则万维网matlab代码 1 简介 文中展示的matlab代码主要是为工程教育所用。学生和在拓扑领域的新手可以在网页http://www.topopt.dtu.dk上下载。这个代码可以用于结构最优化课程学习，学生们可以在多重负载工况、独立网格选择策略、无源场进行扩展应用。另一种可能就是用来激发学生们的直觉来进行最优化设计。研究生可以推测探究在给定边界条件和容量的情况下的拓扑优化并、比较得出最优策略。 在文献中，你可以找到很多处理拓扑优化问题的方法。在一篇Bends?e and Kikuchi (1988)的原创论文中，基于对现存结论的学习，所谓微观结构或均化作用的方法被使用。 均化作用方法在很多文章中都被采用，但它也存在一些缺点，比如对微观结构最优化方法果断的评估与决策很麻烦的，而且结果很难获得如果没有对微观结构进行确定的长度衡量。然而，在这个意义上来说均化作用方法对拓扑优化也是很重要的，它可以在结构的理论分析上提供一定的界限。 拓扑优化的另一种方法叫做“幂律法则”或者SIMP法（(Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) (Bends?e1989; Zhou and Rozvany 1991; Mlejnek 1992)）。这里，假设物质性能使恒定不变的同时每个元素是设计区域离散化，变量是元素的相对密度。物质属性在相对物质密度增加到固体材料的物质属性的很多倍时被模板化。
1. 翻译的定义 1) To render in another language. --American Heritage Dictionary 转换成另一种语言。--《韦氏大词典》 2) “Translation is the expression in one language (or target language 译入语) of what has been expressed in another language (source language 原语), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.”–Dubois 3) “把一种语言的文字用另一种语言表达出来”--《辞海》、《现代汉语词典》 翻译是许多语言活动中的一种，它是用一种语言形式把另一种语言形式里的内容重新表现出来的语言实践活动。这一活动分为口头和书面两种形式，有时在不同的语言之间进行，有时在同一国家的不同民族和地区之间进行，这种实践活动更多的应用于前者。 2. 翻译的目的 翻译作为一门课程，其目的就是在掌握汉语和英语这两种语言的基础上，结合不断的翻译实践，学习翻译的各种技巧，提高翻译水平。翻译是较高层次的一门课程，其主要对象为英汉两种语言都达到了相当水平的学生和自学者。因此通过翻译，对已掌握的听说读写的能力可以进行一次全方位的检验，找出漏洞，弥补不足，并使这些能力在应用中得到巩固和提高。学习英语的主要目的是搞翻译，而翻译又可以反过来进一步促进学习。 3. 翻译的历史 1）Translation in Bible On the history of translation there is a central paradigm in the western countries. That is the history of translation in the Bible, the most translated book in the world. Now the whole earth had one language and few words. And as men migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there… Then they said, ―Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest (otherwise) we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.‖And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the sons of men had built. And the Lord said, ―Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; and nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.‖ So the lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of the earth. 上帝造人之后，赐福于人，人们安居乐业。然后，一群无聊人士希望后世记住这个时代，决心合力修建一座通天高塔，即Babel Tower。上帝恐慌，不希望这个奇观建成，于是让人们分化成不同的语言，令其不能交流。之后，因为沟通不畅，工程被迫放弃，而且人类从此不再团结，因为语言不通而分化成不同部落，并由于沟通问题，经常发生战乱，因此再无力撼动上帝的权威。巴别塔就是通天塔，比喻不可能完成的工程，也表示变乱（人类不再团结）。拜Lord所赐，我们今天要拼命学英语，外国人也要受汉语煎熬。而且，各种分歧，甚至战争，都或多或少由语言文化沟通不良引发。 2) Translation in China Actually the earliest translation can be dated back to ancient time. Versions in two languages used in
英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧 要真正掌握英文翻译的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难，下面就和大家分享英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐，来欣赏一下吧。 英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐 首先是英文理解难，这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉，由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同，所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章，而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续，极为别扭。 二是中文表达难，英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇，往往被弄得头昏眼花，好像在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。 另外，英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高，因为我们所翻译的*，其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域，而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情，如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。 正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难，所以，我们必须通过翻译实践，对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结，
以找出一般的表达规律来，避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误，而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手： 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词) He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜 欢物理。(动词) Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词) 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。
Internet of electronic information resources development and utilization The development and utilization of Internet richness of the electronic information resource, which can be directly consider E-mail, file transfer, Telnet approach, also can indirectly consider using several common information retrieval tool, the paper made a detailed introduction and analysis, aims to help help user well using the Internet. For information institutions or library is concerned, to learn and use well, not only can enlarge Internet information resources development and utilization of the scope, but also able to enhance the level of service to users. Keywords Internet electronic information resources development and utilization Exploitation andUtilization of Electronic Information Resources on Internet - The Internet can be extensive communication in the world every person, connect all the computer and provides a wealth of information resources, and provide A variety of service tool to obtain these resources. Information institutions or libraries in the Internet for information resources, retrieval electricity The son journals and newspapers, orders and electronic publications, retrieval online catalogue and union catalog, a searchable database system, access journals to discuss, through the file transfer (FTP) receiving documents. So we can use Internet richness of the information resources to expand its collection, still can use directly these information resources to carry on the information retrieval consulting services. In searching available in the email, database retrieval, file transfer, remote login, and information query tools etc. In order to enrich the exploitation and utilization of Internet information resources, the author thinks that should through the following ways. 1 directly use the Internet E-mail (hereinafter Email) Electronicmail, E-mail is a based on computer network to store, forward form various data, images, and exchange information in words of exchange System, sending and receiving and managementare in computer Internet E-mail systems management software. Email software generally provide teleport, browse, storage, transfer, delete, restore E-mail and the reply, and other functions, can match a communication, also can spread, each user has a particular coding mailbox, can with any users online information transmission, spontaneous since the received or forwardingletters. User simply equipped with a modem, a telephone lines and thcorresponding communication software, can in any part of the microcomputer with communication phase even on sending and receiving information, to realize communication. Email take storage, forwarding way, open E-mail program is adopted, the web server machine online way 24 hours working around-the-clock, always receive emails from all of the world, no matter what, when and where will the computer connected server only, can scoop out your E-mail. Need to send electronic information, users first the arbitrary length of letters for its input computer plus addressee address, and send button, the information being sent to the information high male road. On the other side of the addressee open