1. FIGURATIVE/METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE比喻/隐喻—A general term referring to language that describes a thing in terms of something else. The resemblance is FIGURATIVE, not LITERAL, as the reader is carried beyond the LITERAL meaning to consider the NUANCES and connotations of the words used in the comparison.
2. SIMILE明喻—An EXPLICIT ?gure of speech that is a comparison between two essentially unlike things, usually using the words “like” or “as,” which points out a FIGURATIVE way that the two things ARE alike.
3. METAPHOR隐喻—In its more narrow sense, a ?gure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another using an IMPLICIT or implied comparison, without the use of “like” or “as.”（09-5-5-19）
4. PERSONIFICATION拟人—A ?gure of speech in which an inanimate object is given human qualities or abilities
5. PARALLELISM/PARALLEL STRUCTURE/ REPETITION平行重复—A rhetorical device or SYNTACTICAL construction which involves using matching grammatical patterns to establish the equivalent relationship or importance of two or more items. PARALLELISM provides balance and authority to sentences.(09-5-7-24)
[例] We are now living in a changing world in a changing time. With no gratitude in our hearts, we will be in a lonely world living a lonely life.
6. IRONY讽刺—A ?gure of speech in which what we say or write conveys the opposite of its literal meaning
7. SYNOPSIS总结—A brief summary of the major points of
a thesis, theory, story or literary work; an abstract; a PRéCIS
8. SATIRE, LAMPOON, PARODY模仿性嘲弄—A work that ridicules human vices and follies; comic criticism. Note that LAMPOON and PARODY are often used as verbs meaning to ridicule.
9. HYPERBOLE夸张—A ?gure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect; extreme exaggeration
注意反过来：UNDERESTIMATE低调陈述---a statement that is not strong enough to express facts or feelings with full force(语气不够强，不足以表达事实或感情的陈述)
（06-1-9-11）。
Doctors, architects, executives, consultants, receptionists, and lawyers all manage to survive economically without "owning" their cognition. I take further comfort in the fact that the human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during the 5,000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statute of Anne, the world's ?rst modem copyright law, passed the British parliament Sophocles, Dante, da Vinci, Botticelli, Michelangelo, Shakespeare, Newton, Cervantes, Bach— all found reasons to get out of bed in the morning without expecting to own the works they created.
15. The use of the phrase "pretty decent" in Passage 2
(line 50) conveys
(A) solemn detachment
(B) cheerful celebration
(C) ironic understatement
(D) lingering doubt
(E) reluctant approval
10. CARICATURE喜剧夸张漫画—A representation in which the subject’s distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated for comic effect
11. EPIC颂扬长诗—A long narrative poem written in a grand style to celebrate the feats of a legendary hero; SAGA英雄故事—A long narrative story; a heroic tale
12. FORESHADOWING铺垫—A suggestion or indication that something will happen in a story; a hint that PRESAGES
13. ANECDOTE/personal experience,personal information, personal insight, individual insight, personal voice讲故事—A short account of an interesting or humorous
incident（og3-4-15）最高频，
注意：个人轶事(anecdote )和概括 (generalization)
如果用一些故事、经历来说明一个道理或者支撑一个观点就叫做Anecdote. 如果这种经历或故事还是作者的，那就
是“Personal Anecdote”如果是通过泛泛地推理，而没有故
事或者经历来佐证，就是Generalization或者叫“Broad Generalization”
14. EULOGY赞词—A LAUDATOR Y speech or written tribute, especially one praising someone who has died
15. ALLUSION暗指/典故—An indirect or brief reference to
a person, event, place, phrase, piece of art, or literary work that assumes a common knowledge with the reader or listener 16. ANALOGY类比--Analogy is based on comparison between two subjects. It draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.类比是基于两事物的比较。在不同的事物之间找到相同点，建立联系。（09-1-3-7）Eg：Teachers who possess power and exert it to conduct class play a similar role as business managers.
17. WORDPLAY双关---the witty exploitation of the meanings and ambiguities of words, esp. in puns. 同义词：punning, puns, play on words; wit, witticisms；[例] 如果没有联想，世界将会怎样。
Sofa, so good. = So far, so good.
18. 头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感.
[例] New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness. 19.反问句（rhetorical question）设立一个不需要回答的问题，以起到戏剧或者强调的效果
[例] 1.Did you help me when I needed help? 在我需要的时候，你帮助过我吗？
2. Did you once offer to intercede in my behalf? 你曾经理解支持过我吗？
20. 层进法（climax）通过一系列观念、形象的修辞安排，逐步把意思往前推进，最有力量的放在最后和突降法（anti-climax ）与 climax 相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
[例]
Climax: I’m sorry, I am so very sorry, Iam so extremely sorry. Anti-climax:
1. For God, for American, and for Yale. 为了上帝，为了美国，为了耶鲁。（耶鲁大学校训）
2. He lost his empire, his family and his fountain pen.
21. 对偶（antithesis, contrast）两个字数相等、结构相似的语句表现相关或相反的意思。
[例] To err is human; to forgive, divine.
Adversity reveals genius; fortune conceals it.
22. 转喻，换喻（Metonymy）又叫换喻，转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美政府或用剑代替军事力量[例] The pen is mightier than the sword.
23. 矛盾修辞（paradox/oxymoron）
[例] I must be cruel only to be kind.
在这个拒绝生命的地方，从此有了一个有关生命的标杆。
24. 委婉语（euphemism）这种修辞手法的实质是是以礼貌的语气说出一些残酷的（harsh）事实或者冒犯性（offensive）的意思。
[例] The man is hard of hearing. ( deaf)
to die = to pass away , poor= disadvantaged
在2010年SAT阅读里写到：“I thought about my mother because I always imagined her beneath a sky bright and thick
with stars, planets, comets, and moons.”这里其实是委婉地表达出了作者的母亲已经过世了。
25. 典故（allusion）
Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些渊源流长的谚语、格言等。
[例] Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点。（Achilles是希腊神话中的一位勇士。除了脚踵处，他身上其他地方刀枪不入。）
The project is an economic Albatross from the start.这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。（Albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后，全船陷入灾难中。）
26. 仿拟 (parody) 根据家喻户晓的成语或谚语，临时更换其中的某个部分，造成新的成语或谚语；或者根据古今名言警句，在保持其原句不变的情况下，更换其中部分词语，这种修辞方式叫仿拟。
[例] To lie or not to lie-the doctor's dilemma (撒谎还是不撒谎——医生的难题)看到这个标题，我们不禁想起莎翁戏剧Hamlet中那个永远也解不透的句子“To be or not to be,that is the question”。显然，文章的题目由此模仿而来，给人印象深刻。
Lady hermits who are down but not out (穷困而不潦倒的女隐士们)文中的down but not out源于down and out,原是拳击比赛的术语，后来喻指穷困潦倒的人。
其他修辞手法
27. scenario剧情说明，剧情梗概: a situation that could possibly happen.
28. dry humor冷幽默: Dry humor is humor delivered without emotion.（ps：含有双关含义，有隐含意义，潜台词）
29. imagery形象化描述，意象: A common term of variable meaning, imagery includes the "mental pictures" that readers experience with a passage of literature.
30.?ashback倒叙: A method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events--usually in the form of a character's memories, dreams,narration, or even authorial commentary
31.appeal to emotion诉诸情感或者说是借助情感。这个是叫做用情感来做决定，而不是理性的做决定，比喻带有偏见的看问题，往往是错误观点。appeal to reason诉诸理性
32. direct quotation：直接引用权威人士的话。
33. historic alanalysis：对于历史的分析。
34. comparison and contrast:比较和对比
35. digression 离题
36. quali?cation 限制，原文让步部分一般表示限制。
37. scholarly analyses学术分析
38. scienti?c data
39. technical jargon 技术术语
18种重要修辞手法 一、语义修辞 1明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。例如： 1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field. 2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由（as）... as, like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显，所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。 2暗喻（metaphor）也称隐喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。例如： 1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.（他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。） 2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。) 3.Hope is a good br eakfast, but it’s a bad supper. 由以上各例可知，暗喻没有引导词，这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说，有为明喻，没有为暗喻。如：He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然，前句是暗喻，后句是明喻。暗喻时，比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄，猛一看它们毫无关系，实际却有着某种内在联系。 谈到暗喻，有必要说说它的两种变体（variety）：博喻（sustained metaphor）和延喻（extended metaphor），它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。 （1）博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。比如： There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpe nt and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverber ation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电，她像蛇一样蜿蜒，如魔鬼般嘶叫，像翠玉般碧绿，轰隆隆震耳欲聋。) 这个例子中对闪电的比喻就用了三个喻体，spring of a serpen t（动态），shout of a fiend（声音），green as an emerald(颜色)，它们从不同角度绘声绘色地把闪电呈现在读者面前。由此可见，多喻体的使用其优势是单一喻体所无法比拟的。它可以多角度、多侧面、多层次、多结构地表现主体。 （2）延喻据Longman Modern English Dictionary解释，延喻即make a n initial c omparison and then develop it, expanding the author’s id ea（作出初次比较再扩展，以延伸作者的意图）。请看下例： A photographer is a cod, which produces a million eggs in order that one may reach maturity. (摄影师像鳕鱼，产卵百万为的是长成一条。) 摄影师通常拍片成堆，难觅一成功之作，似鳕鱼产卵无数，长成者廖廖。故萧伯纳把摄影师先比作cod，再进一步用cod的习性比喻之，生动地道出了摄影师的艰辛。这里which后的从句就显示了延喻的功能。 与一般比喻相比延喻的使用更复杂。一般比喻只需抓住主、喻体之间的相似之处，延喻不仅要注意比喻本身，还要注意延伸部分是否与喻体保持了一致。也就是说，延伸部分应当是喻体的一部分，不能游离于其外。 延喻的构成分以下几种： ①由动词构成
SAT“新奇”修辞手法之understatement 在SAT常考的修辞方法中，除了metaphor，analogy，personification这些我们中国考生比较熟悉的修辞手法之外，还有一些很常见的但是却有些令大家摸不着头脑的修辞方法。我们总结了若干这样“新奇”的修辞手法，推出SAT“新奇”修辞手法系列，帮助大家攻克写作手法的难关。 understatement低调陈述 首先我们要解释的问题是：什么叫understatement？ understatement是指“a statement that is not strong enough to express facts or feelings with full force（语气不够强，不足以表达事实或感情的陈述)。A Dictionary of Literary Terms所给的解释是：A figure of speech which contains an understatement of emphasis， and therefore the opposite of hyperbole，often used in everyday speech and usually with laconic or ironic intentions.也就是说，这种修辞格是故意使用有节制的措辞来陈述事实，故意轻描淡写，借低调与弱化语言形式来表示强调。它是与hyperbole（夸张）相对的一种修辞格。 那么understatement想要达到怎样的效果？作者为什么要使用understatement呢？通过以上的定义我们也可以看出来作者使用understatement是想用一种低调与弱化的语言来表达一种强调的效果。虽然是“化大为小”，但是作者要表达的还是强调的意思。我们可以通过几个例子来理解：Last week I saw a woman flayed， and you will hardly believe how much it altered her person for the worse.上星期我看见一个女人被剥了皮，你几乎不会相信这把她变得多不好看。 作者用altered一词，轻描淡写地陈述了剥女人皮这一毛骨悚然的事件。I know he is honest， and I wish I could add he were capable. 我知道他是诚实的，我还希望我能说他是能干的。此句也是用虚拟语气来体现understatement，I could add he were capable其实是在说“但他不够能干”。 至今SAT阅读考试中共考了三次understatement，其中两次使用了“pretty decent”（还不错的、还可以的），可以说“pretty decent”是understatement 的标志。 比如其中一次使用“pretty decent”是在OG9section9讨论音乐免费下载好不好的一组双篇中，“I take further comfort in the fact that the human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during the 5,000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statute of Anne, the world’s first
英语常用修辞 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。或者说是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 4>.This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 5>.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 6>.It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 7>.Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3>.German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 4>.The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 5>.All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. 6>.Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned. 7>.Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh my friend, what I scoop up from the river is all yearning of you.
SAT写作中修辞手法的引用 SAT写作技巧中修辞方法的引用，往往可以让同学们的作文在最后一搏中锦上添花，博取高分。为此文都国际教育小编和大家一起分享SAT写作技巧，希望对大家的SAT写作有所提高。 修辞一：Simile 明喻 Simile用于比较两个不相似的事物，前后两部分用like或者as连接。如，你像王思聪一样有钱。You are as rich as Sicong Wang. 功能：Simile的主要功能是吸引读者的注意力，鼓励他们用联想的能力对作者要传达的思想进行理解。如果我说你有钱，很难让人理解你到底多么有钱，如果拿国民老公来明喻就清晰多了。 举例：The village of Holcomb stands on the high wheat plains of western Kansas, a lonesome area that other Kansans call “out there.” Some seventy miles east of the Colorado border, the countryside, with its hard blue skies and desert-clear air, has an atmosphere that is rather more Far Western than Middle West. The local accent is barbed with a prairie twang, a ranch-hand nasalness, and the men, many of them, wear narrow frontier trousers, Stetsons, and high-heeled boots with pointed toes. The land is flat, and the views are awesomely extensive; horses, herds of cattle, a white cluster of grain elevators rising as gracefully as Greek temples are visible long before a traveler reaches them. 分析：With the simile, “a white cluster of grain elevators rising as gracefully as Greek temples,” he almost points toward a happy, prosperous side of the town for the first and perhaps only time in this passage. Not long after this sentence, however, the author describes the streets as “unnamed, unshaded, unpaved,” returning to his description of the village as desolate and empty, so destroyed that it is almost primitive. 修辞二：Metaphor 隐喻 Metaphor与Simile最大的区别是不存在“像”这个词，通常的形式是“甲是乙”。如，你是我的小苹果。 功能：Metaphor和simile的功能大致相同，均为吸引读者注意力，帮助读者更好的理解文章。 修辞三：Personification 拟人
SAT Essay Glossary The SAT Essay will ask you how an author uses evidence, reasoning, and stylistic or persuasive elements to craft an argument. How can you quickly determine which of these elements the writer is using, and exactly what they are? This glossary will help you get started! Ethos/Pathos/Logos Back in the day, Aristotle identified three primary forms of persuasion: Appeals to Ethics (Ethos), Appeals to Emotion (Pathos), and Appeals to Logic (Logos). Appeals to Ethos are intended to establish a person's professional credibility or qualifications to make a particular argument. Through a claim to knowledge and relevant experience, this method of persuasion emphasizes the ethical or moral character and stature of the person who is providing information. If the speaker or writer wants to provide extra credibility, they can bring in a trusted source to bolster their argument. Examples of Ethos: ?Now, since I am a preacher by calling, I suppose it is not surprising that I have seven major reasons for bringing Vietnam into the field of my moral vision.” - Martin Luther King, Jr. ?“I’ve lived in this apartment community for over 20 years and have loved my time here. I’ve never once made a complaint . . . until now.” ?“With two terms as Governor of Missouri under his belt and a decades-long senate career, Mr. Gonzalez is eminently qualified to become President.” ?“As a whale watcher, I see firsthand on a daily basis just how important our local ecosystems are to the survival of marine life.”
修辞手法在SAT写作中的应用 SAT写作修辞手法，往往可以让同学们的作文在最后一搏中锦上添花，博取高分。为此文都国际教育小编和大家一起分享修辞手法在SAT写作中的应用，供大家学习和参考。 在SAT写作的时候如果掌握了一定的写作技巧再配上修辞方法一定能给考试成绩加分，把一篇文章写得活灵活现，一是展示了自己额文采功底，二是激发读者的兴趣。所以说大家在备考的时候就应该抓住修辞方法和写作技巧进行练习。 形象化描写，就是在写作中，使用形象化的语言(常常和明喻、暗喻及拟人手法等交织使用)，刺激读者的感官，激发读者的想象力。 Imagery的使用，必须要是能够刺激到我们的视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉或味觉，例如： 视觉：It was dark and dim in the forest. 听觉：The children are screaming and yelling on the playground. 嗅觉：He whiffed the aroma of the brewed coffee. 触觉：The lady ran her hands on a soft fabric. 味觉：The fresh and juicy orange is very cold and sweet. 因此，在SAT作文中，重要带有描述性质的，特别是在读者讲述个人经历时候，分析其使用imagery的写作方法肯定没错。 Imagery就是用形象的语言描述现象，在北美，学生写作文时候，老师也经常说be as descriptive as possible。当这个描述可以调动我们的视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉、或是味觉时，这个描述就是个imagery。当然，一个imagery不一定要唤起读者上述的全部感觉。 Imagery在诗歌语言中使用的最多，当然在现代的报刊杂志及新闻报道中也是屡见不鲜，其目的都是为了唤起读者的五觉，刺激读者的想象力，让人有身临其境的感觉。 使用imagery，可以充分调动读者的参与感，能在读者的心里创造一个生动的画面，有助于读者想象故事人物的所闻所见，所悲所喜。在文学作品中，imagery 的文字往往生动优美，朗朗上口，为作品增加很多色彩。 其他常用的修辞和写作手法
新SAT写作修辞手法 新SAT写作要求大家不仅要分析文章的论据和推理方式，而且对修辞手法的掌握也是一大考察点。下面文都国际教育小编给大家讲解新SAT写作手法的具体内容，希望对大家有所帮助。 1. overstatement and understatement夸张和低调陈述 In overstatement the diction exaggerates the subject, and in understatement the words play down the magnitude or value of the subject. Overstatement is also called hyperbole. Overstatement是故意“夸大其辞”，“化小为大”，是deliberately maximize the importance和play up; Understatement则是故意“夸大其辞”，“化大为小‘，是deliberately minimize the importance和play down; 夸张是为了强调故意夸大事实，用来抒发作者的强烈情感，表达自己的深刻感受。这是一种艺术手法，运用这种修辞格必须使人一听就知道是夸张，同时要有语言的感染力，能够引起人们的想象，却不能使人误以为真，它是英语中的常见修辞手法之一。 Understatement是故意使用有节制的措辞来陈述事实，故意轻描淡写，借低调与弱化语言形式来表示强调。它是与overstatement相对的一种修辞格。 Both aim at the same effect: to make the statement or description impressive or interesting. eg: She is dying to know what job has been assigned her. It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool. 2. Transfereed Epithet移情 An epithet is an adjective or descriptive phrase that serves to characterize somebody or something. A transferred epithet is one that is shifted from the noun it logically modifies to a word associated with that noun. When one sats that the has had a busy day, one is using such a figure of speech. For it is the person, not the day, that is busy. 移情就是把通常修饰甲类名词的形容词转而修饰乙类名词，从而达到生动的效果。这种修饰表面上看是不合适的，单就其内在含义而言是可行的、合理的。
列举SAT写作中常见的修辞手法 SAT写作修辞的运用，不仅能够使考生的文章生动形象，增加感染力，更能让阅卷老师赏心悦目，心情愉悦。下面文都国际教育小编为大家列举了SAT写作中常见的21种修辞手法，希望大家仔细阅读。 1. Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。或者说是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 2. Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻 隐喻是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 3. Metonymy 借喻，转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。就是借用甲来表示乙，但前提条件是甲必须与乙关系密切和本质上有相似之处。 4. Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般一般代替特殊。又称举隅法，举隅指举一反三之意，具有“牵一发而动全身”之功能。主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。它往往因微见著，在提到某人或某物时，不直呼其名，与其密不可分的东西来代替。 5. Synaesthesia 通感，联觉，移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物，是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。 6. Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物，是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。 7. Hyperbole 夸张
Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech. 修辞是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。 1)Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the
quality we associate with one to the other. Simile 与汉语的明喻基本相同，用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境。其本体和喻体均同时出现在句中，在形式上是相对应的。英语 simile 的标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 汉语明喻的比喻词通常是"好象"、"仿佛"等。例如： As busy as a bee As happy as a clam (at hightide) Like a cat on hot bricks热锅上的蚂蚁To spend money like water挥金如土They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails. 这些人犹如街上的有轨电车，满足于在自己的轨道上运行。
1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然 属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewe d and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气 赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 举隅法，提喻法，为一种修辞方法，以局部代表整体，以整体代表局部，以特殊代表一般，以一般代表特殊
新SAT考试写作修辞手法 在审视一篇文章的修辞手法之前，我们首先重申一下一篇文章的基础框架: Framework Introduction: An effective argument Introductory paragraph(s) which sets the stage for both the topic and the author’s opinion Body paragraphs: Claims supported with evidence Each of the body paragraphs should contain a claim that is supported with evidence. Conclusion: restate and summarize A sound and logical conclusion is needed to summarize the information contained in the body paragraphs and restate, at least to some extent, the author’s argument. 在introductory paragraph(s) 之后应跟着至少三个支撑性的body paragraphs. 每个body paragraph段由claim和evidence构成。Claim是指的每个段落的中心论点，即作者的观点，evidence支撑claims。Evidence的类型一般是facts, credible sources 或examples. 在理清楚文章的框架和脉络之后，要做的事情就是分析文章的修辞手法(literary techniques)，即分析作者如何运用修辞手法更好的向读者传达他的思想。很多时候，作者简单粗暴的把事实和观点呈现出来可能不是打动读者的最佳方法，为了让读者更大程度的产生共鸣，作者需要用一些修辞手法如比喻，拟人，对比，夸张等来增强文章的感染力。这些手法和我们语文课上所学的修辞手法是一致的，具体来讲，最常用的修辞手法包括metaphor, simile, appeal to emotion, comparison/contrast, word choice, repetition, or propaganda.
常见修辞手法~ simile 明喻 metaphor 隐喻, 暗喻personification 拟人 analogy 类比 comparison对比 metonymy 转喻 sarcasm 讽刺 onomatopoeia 拟声 alliteration 头韵 transferred Epithet 转类形容词apostrophe 顿呼 anti-climax or bathos 突降 climax 渐进 epigram 警句 antithesis 对照 oxymoron 矛盾修饰 paradox 似非而是的隽语 innuendo 暗讽 irony satire sarcasm反语 pun 双关语 euphemism 委婉语 anecdote 轶事 understatement 轻描淡写 epigram 警句 exaggerate/ overstate/ hyperbole夸张
英语修辞手法分析 一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passe d m e like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch some thing. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
英语19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句 英语中有19种修辞手法，它们分别是：Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻、Metonymy 借喻，转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感，联觉，移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比，平行、Euphemism 委婉，婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻，比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法，逆喻、Climax 渐进法，层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句，快来学习吧！ 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。 例如： 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。 2.Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。 3.Metonymy 借喻，转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。 I。以容器代替内容，例如： 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了。 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。 II。以资料。工具代替事物的名称，例如： Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。 III。以作者代替作品，例如： a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI。以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如： I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气，他们就用我的力气赚钱。 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。 例如： 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory。(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人。 2>.He is the Newton of this century。(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿。 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap。(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。
1. FIGURATIVE/METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE比喻/隐喻—A general term referring to language that describes a thing in terms of something else. The resemblance is FIGURATIVE, not LITERAL, as the reader is carried beyond the LITERAL meaning to consider the NUANCES and connotations of the words used in the comparison. 2. SIMILE明喻—An EXPLICIT ?gure of speech that is a comparison between two essentially unlike things, usually using the words “like” or “as,” which points out a FIGURATIVE way that the two things ARE alike. 3. METAPHOR隐喻—In its more narrow sense, a ?gure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another using an IMPLICIT or implied comparison, without the use of “like” or “as.”（09-5-5-19） 4. PERSONIFICATION拟人—A ?gure of speech in which an inanimate object is given human qualities or abilities 5. PARALLELISM/PARALLEL STRUCTURE/ REPETITION平行重复—A rhetorical device or SYNTACTICAL construction which involves using matching grammatical patterns to establish the equivalent relationship or importance of two or more items. PARALLELISM provides balance and authority to sentences.(09-5-7-24) [例] We are now living in a changing world in a changing time. With no gratitude in our hearts, we will be in a lonely world living a lonely life. 6. IRONY讽刺—A ?gure of speech in which what we say or write conveys the opposite of its literal meaning 7. SYNOPSIS总结—A brief summary of the major points of a thesis, theory, story or literary work; an abstract; a PRéCIS 8. SATIRE, LAMPOON, PARODY模仿性嘲弄—A work that ridicules human vices and follies; comic criticism. Note that LAMPOON and PARODY are often used as verbs meaning to ridicule.