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动名词的用法

动名词的用法
动名词的用法

动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。

一、动名词的作用

动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

1、做主语

Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。

Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。

动名词做主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。

如:It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。

It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。

It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。

像这样常用-ing形式作主语的句型有:

It +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的。It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没用处的。It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得。It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的。There is no doing 无法……,不允许……。There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理。There is/was no use doing 干……无意义。There is/was nothing worse than doing

没有比……更糟的

There is/was no point doing 干……无意义。

2、作宾语

(1)作动词的宾语

某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:acknowledge, admit, advocate, advise, allow, avoid, consider, contemplate, deter阻止,制止, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, evade, fancy想像,设想, finish, grudge,不满,怨恨, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, permit, practice, postpone, recall回忆起, recollect记起,想起, repent对。。。感到懊悔, resent对。。。感到愤怒, resist, risk, suggest, cannot help, cannot stand等。如:

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。(2)作介词的宾语

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?

?There is

?(We have)

?There is no

(3)作形容词的宾语

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。

We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。

3、作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。

Y our task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)

What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:

a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking

a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing

a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading

a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring

sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping

some difficulty

some trouble

problem

fun (in) doing

pleasure

a good time

a hard time

need

use (in) doing

harm

hurry

二、动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构就是前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构。有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者,可以在动名词之前加上一个物主代词或名词所有格,来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格,不过,这主要用于口语中。如:She won’t hear of(同意,允许) us leaving the village. Do you object to Li Ping’s joining the physics group?

注①:如果不是在句子的开头,这个结构常用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格,如:

I don’t like the idea of us / our not helping at all.

I don’t mind Jane buying another one.

注②:如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词,或不定代词,就只能用普通格,不能用所有格,如:

Is there any hope of your team winning the match?

The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door.

动名词的复合结构有下列用法:

①作主语:

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Lao Li’s (not: Li)going won’t be of much help.

②作表语:

Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself. What’s troubling them is their not having enough machine tools.

③作宾语:

Do you mind my reading your paper?

Please excuse my interrupting you.

④作介词宾语:

They insisted on my staying there for supper.

Do you think there will be any chance of my seeing him again?

三、动名词的时态和语态

动名词的时态和语态如下图所示:

其否定形式是在doing前加上not

1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如:

I hate talking with such people.

我讨厌与这样的人说话。

Being careless is not a good habit.

粗心不是一个好习惯。

2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如:

I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。

Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。

3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态。

(1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,或在其前发生。如:

I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下,我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。

(2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如:I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。

(3)在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如:

Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。

I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。

Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。

(4)在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,尤其是在口语中。如:I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园,可我忘了。

(5)动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,但无进行意义,being不可省略。如:She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被领到大众面前。

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动词用法总结 方山三中郭秀林 1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2) 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词 ( Notional Verb) 、系动词( Link Verb) 、助动词 ( Auxiliary Verb ) 、情态动词( Modal Verb ) 。说明:有 些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:We are having a meeting. He has gone to New York. (has 是助动词。 ) 3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb), 缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi. 。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动 词。例如:She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。 (sing 在此用作不及物动词。 ) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。 ( sing 用作及物动词。 ) 4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词( Finite Verb ) 、非限定动词( Non-finite Verb ) 例如:She sings very well. 她唱得很好。 ( sing 受主语she 的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings 。 ) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。 ( to learn 不受主语she 的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。

说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive ) 、动名词 (Gerund) 、分词( Participle ) 。 5) 动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Orig in al Form )、 第三人称单数形式我们正在开会。 ( having 是实义动词。 ) 他已去纽约。 (Singular From in Third Personal ) 过去式、 ( Past Form) 过去分词、( Past Participle ) 、现在分词 ( Present Participle ) 。 5.1 系动词? 系动词亦称联系动词( Link Verb) ,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语 (亦称补 语) ,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天 病了。 ( fell 是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。 ) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell 是实义动词, 单独作谓语。 1) 状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be 一词,例如:He is a teacher. 2) 持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度, 主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. This matter rests a mystery.

动名词的用法

动名词 定义:动名词是动词的一种非限定形式,兼有动词和名词的特征,它可以带宾语,也能被状语修饰。动名词接宾语或状语构成动名词短语。动名词有时态和语态的变化。 基本形式:由动词原形家词尾-ing构成,与现在分词形式相同。动名词已经名词化了,而现在分词常表示动作或状态。如:a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅(动名词,表用途) a sleeping child 正在睡觉的孩子(现在分词,表状态) 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 1、作主语 1)直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。 注意:动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数 2)用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪 费时间。 It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 这种用法在习惯句型中常用,常用句型: It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/ interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure… + v.ing 注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词(常用不定式)。3)用于“There be”结构中。 There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。 There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。

动名词的用法及练习题

动名词(Gerund) 动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词+ ing构成,否定形式为not doing,兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。 一、动名词保留着动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化。其时态语态形式如 二、动名词相当于名词,在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语 1、作主语 动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如: Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16个小时。 Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。 注意:动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如: It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。 It needs time to make three copies of it.把它复制三份需要时间。 It's nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It's no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。 There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no denying that she is very efficient.她效率高是不容否认的。 2、作定语 动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,一般只限于单个的动名词作定语,表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如: swimming pool 游泳池reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖floating needle 浮针 opening speech 开幕词listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室working people 劳动人民 3、作表语 动名词作表语的时候,特别要注意:不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语,表达的是“某件事”等。例如: His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. (动名词) 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。

初中动名词的用法

动名词的用法 动名词是非谓语动词的一种,它由动词原形加-ing 构成,形式上与现在分词相同。动名词除具有动词的性质外,还具有名词的性质。动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等,但不能用作谓语(故称动名词为非谓语动词)。如: Her job is looking after the baby. 她的工作是照顾 婴儿。 She’s gone out to do some shopping. 她出去买东西了。 一、动名词的句法功能 1.用作主语 Finding work is difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。 注意:动名词作主语经常采用it 作形式主语的句型。 2.用作表语 Her favorite sport is skating. 她最喜爱的运动是滑冰。 注意:不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语,区别是:动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念,而不定式则多指具体的、一次性的动作。 3.用作宾语 介词后出现动词时,通常要用动名词形式,不能用动词原形,通常也不用不定式。 He left without saying good-bye. 他没有告别就离 开了。 4.用作定语 He bought a new washing machine. 他买了一台新洗衣机。 Betty won the first prize in the singing competition. 贝蒂获得了歌咏比赛的一等奖。 二、与动词搭配的doing 用法有多少? 英语中,某些动词(或形容词)后只能与ing 形式即动名词连用。 1. keep doing sth 一直作某事 e.g. Keep driving until you see the cinema, then turn left. 开着车一直向前,看见电影院就向左拐。 2. keep on doing sth 一直作某事 e.g. I keep on thinking about the match in the afternoon. 我一直在想着今天下午比赛的事。 3. keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 e.g. Don ’t keep your mother waiting. 不要让你妈妈久等。 4. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 e.g. He was busy doing his homework. 他正忙于写家庭作业。 5. spend time / money (in) doing sth 花时间/ 金钱做某事

动名词用法归纳

动名词用法归纳Mar 11, 2011 一. 动名词作主语和表语 动名词表示抽象的具有普遍性的行为,不定式表示某一次具体的行为。 Seeing is believing. (但现代英语也可以:To see is to believe.) Swimming is a good sport. (抽象) To swim is good for today. (具体) My job is teaching English. (抽象) Your job is to clean the window now. (具体) 二. 作宾语 1. help to do 帮着做 can’t help doing 禁不住 want / need doing = want / need to be done Your hair needs cutting. / Your hair needs to be cut. 2. 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有: enjoy; finish; suggest; advise; imagine; mind; practise; consider(考虑);understand; bear / stand (容忍) 等。 I enjoy listening to music. I’ve finished doing my homework. He imagined finding a purse in the street. He suggested having a rest. She is practising playing the piano. He is considering going abroad. 3. 接动名词作宾语的短语有: be good at; be proud of; be fond of; look forward to; be devoted to; insist on; be busy doing; be worth doing; feel like doing; be used to doing; succeed in doing 等。 She is proud of being beautiful. He is fond of playing computer games. I am looking forward to going to the village. I insist on learning English. 4. 接动名词作宾语的重点介词: after; before; on (一…就…); without 等。 After playing football, we feel tired. Before playing football, we feel excited. On opening my eyes, I found Mother standing by my side. I sometimes go to school without having breakfast. 三.动名词作定语 动名词作定语说明被修饰词的用途;现在分词作定语说明被修饰词本身发出的动作。

初中动名词用法归纳

初中动名词用法归纳 Company Document number:WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998

动名词的用法及归纳 一、定义 动名词,就是动词后加ing 的形式,即doing sth. 它的作用相当于一个名词,所以叫做“动名词”。 二、动名词的特征及作用 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态 和语态的变化。 动名词属于非谓语动词中的一种,所以它不可以做谓语。 动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。 【例题】指出下列句子中动名词/现在分词或动名词/现在分词短语做句子的什么成份: ①Climbing mountains is really fun. ②It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. ③Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. ④We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. ⑤a walking stick ⑥a washing machine ⑦Be careful while crossing the street. ⑧Seeing is believing. ⑨My work is cleaning the house. ⑩Be careful while crossing the street. 三、动名词和现在分词的区别: 动名词:动词的-ing形式,相当于名词在句子中的用法; 现在分词:具有动词的特征,可以表示一个正在进行、主动的动作。 【例题】判断以下v-ing形式是动名词用法还是现在分词用法: ①I see Mary doing her homework now. ②Seeing is believing. ③They are singing. ④Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. ⑤I advice waiting till tomorrow. ⑥I prefer going shopping this weekenk. 四、动名词和动词不定式作主语的区别: 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。 比较以下句子: Saving money is a good habit. To save money is not easy for me. 五、动名词的时态和语态 六、动名词的否定形式:在doing前加上not 七、【例题】变否定式: ①I admit having done this. ②I leave the machine running all day.

英语中介词的用法以及动词的用法

英语中介词的用法 ⑴时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别: 表示时间时,in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后),on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等,at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间; 表示地点时,in表示在某个范围之内,on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如:He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床)/ His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院) ⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别:“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如:He said that he would be here after 6:00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来) ⑶ since与for表示时间的用法区别:“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for +(一段斶间)”表示“总共有…之久”,都常用于完成时态;如:Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年) ⑷ by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by 主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章)in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的) ⑸ about与on的用法区别:都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。如:Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游) ⑹through与across、over的用法区别:through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”;across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over. 如:Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)/ They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他们翻过大山提前到达了那里)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)

英语语法动词及动名词

1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 (has是助动词。) 3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。 说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(V erbal Phrase)例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。) Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。) The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。) 6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。

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