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大学英语四级考试作文指导

大学英语四级考试作文指导
大学英语四级考试作文指导

大学英语四级考试作文指导

第一篇四六级考试作文简介

1 基本要求

《大学英语教学大纲》规定:大学英语教学的目的之一是培养学生具有一定的英语写作能力。大学英语四级统考作文部分占15分, 要求学生, 根据规定的题目或提示,在30分钟内写出120字以上的短文。请参看下面四级写作评分原则和评分标准。

评分原则

四六级考试从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合评估。内容和语言是一个统一体。内容要求思想正确,主题突出。内容要考虑是否用英语清楚而准确地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍,用词和造句是否清楚而准确地表达思想。

想无法表达,则给0分。]

此外,为引起教师和学生对作文部分的重视,全国四级考试中心还实行作文最低分制度,最低为6分。如作文为0分,总分高于60分,成绩报导时一律报59分不及格处理;若作文分大于0分小于6分时,最后报导分=原计总分--6分+实得作文分。

2作文命题形式及常考题型分析

纵览历年的作文试题,我们可以发现论说文占绝大多数,但近年应用文有上升的势头(01.6、02.1是书信体,91.6、02.6是图表作文)。就话题而言,主要有三大类:社会热闹话题、校园话题和日常生活话题。以下是历年作文题的汇总与统计,建议大家研究一下它的出题规律并写写看。

一、历年四级考试作文题统计

社会热门话题

(87.9) Women in Modern World

(90.6) Make Our Cities Greener

(91.1) Bicycle – An Important Means of Transport in China (91.6) Changes in People’s Diet

(94.1) The world Is Getting Smaller and Smaller.

(96.1) The Two-day Weekend

(96.6) Global Shortage of Fresh Water

(98.1) Harmfulness of Fake Commodities.

校园话题

(88.6) An Early Morning Walk (记叙文)

(92.6) How I overcome My Difficulties in Learning English

(94.6) My Ideal Job

(95.6) Advantage of Job Interview.

(97.6) Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus. (99.6) Reading Selectively Or Extensively?

(00.1) How I Finance My College Education.

(00.6) Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?

(01.1) How to Succeed in a Job Interview?

(01.6) A letter to a Schoolmate

(02.1) A Letter to the University President about the Canteen

Service on Campus.

(02.6) Student Use of Computers.

日常生活话题

(89. 1) The Tape Recorder

(90. 1) What Would Happen If There Were No Power

(92.1) Is Failure a Bad Thing?

(93.1)Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport.

(95.1)Can Money Buy Happiness?

(97.1) Practice Makes Perfect .

(98.6) Do "Lucky Numbers" Really Bring Good Luck?

(99.1)Don ' t Hesitate to Say "NO".

(03.1) It Pays to Be Honest

我们知道, 四六级考试是一项大规模的考试,为提高其客观性,以利评分,考试对作文的命题形式是这样限制的:给出题目作文、规定情景作文、给出段首句续写、书信作文、给出关键词作文、看图作文或根据所给文章写出摘要或大意等。下面分析主要的几种类型:

1)提纲作文

这类题型是四六级作文考试到目前为止最常见的。它给出作文的英文题目以及较为详细的提纲,提纲有时是英文的,但多数是用中文给出的。每段的提纲规定了文章每段的主旨,它要求考生围绕这个中心制定主题句,再顺着主题句展开段落,

1999年6月全国四六级考试作文题同为一个提纲类作文,

题目要求完全一样,只是字数要求不一样(四级为120字,六级为150字)。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 120 (150) words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1 有人认为读书要有选择

2有人认为应该博览群书

3我的看法

2)主题句作文

Introduction

This is the most common composition practiced in CET-4.Usually the title and the topic sentences of each paragraph are given.You are required to write exactly according to the title.You must use the given topic sentences.

作文题例:

Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about“Television ”in three paragraphs.

You are given the first sentence of each paragraph to develop the idea in completing the paragraph.Your composition should be

about 120words,not including the words given.Remember to write clearly.

Television

1)Television presents a vivid world in front of us.

_______________________________________ 2)Television can also play an educational role in our daily life.______________________________

_______________________________________ 3)However,television can also be harmful.

_______________________________________

3)图表作文

图表作文是四六级作文考试常考题型之一,也是考生觉得较难对付的作文形式。

图表形式:

图表题型主要分类:

(1)曲线图题型(Line chart);

(2)饼状图题型(Pie chart);

(3)柱状图题型(Bar chart);

(4)表格图题型(Table)。

要求考生:

通常还给出作文的标题和一些提示(1)用文字来描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息并找出某种规律或趋势;(2)就图表中所反映出某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。(3)根据前面的分析得出你的结论或发表你的看法。一般要求写成论说文。

年6月四级考试作文为统计表格题:

: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Changes in People’s Diet according to the following outline in three paragraphs. Your part of the composition should be no less than 120 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should quote as few figures as possible.

Changes in People’s Diet

1 state the changes in people’s diet in the pas t five years

2 give possible reasons for the changes

3 draw your own conclusion

看图表作文一般可分三段写。第一段说明该图表反映的总情况,选择能充分说明主题的典型数据进行概述。第二段对数字进行仔细分析比较,归纳出增减速率,找出产生变化的原因。

第三段写读图表后的想法或评论,得出自己的结论。

General introduction ——Analysis ——Conclusion

概要介绍—分析图表和变化的原因—评论或总结

(Graph)作文题例:

Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the following graph showing the growth of

the world’s population. The opening sentence is given and you are required to develop it into a full composition. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words. Some useful words and phrases are provided, but you do not have to include all of them.

Graph showing the growth of the world’s population. (Suggested words and phrases: birth control, death rate, population explosion, food shortage).

The Problem of Human Population

It has been estimated that a thousand years ago there were less than 400 million people on earth.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1000 2000

3000 4000 5000

6000

7000million

1000A.D 1500A.D 2000A.D

_____________________________________________________ _________________

从曲线坐标图可以看到,过去人口增长速度的缓慢同现在人口的急剧增长形成了鲜明的对照。图中文字表明,Industrial and Agricultural Revolution和Emergence of Modern Medicine与人口的急剧增长不无关系。根据题目所提供的信息可制定以下提纲:

1) 人口增长的情况;

a.过去人口增长的情况;

b现在人口增长的情况;

c 未来人口增长情况的预测。

2) 人口爆炸的原因;

3) 人口爆炸带来的问题。

最后表达自己的看法。

4)情景作文

题中给定一个情景,要求考生在这个范围内充分发挥想象力,精心构思出一篇符合情景要求、意思连贯的短文。这类作文限定条件比较少,考生自由发挥程度较大,我们预测以后会考这类题型的作文。例如题中说某国大学生代表团要来你班交流联欢,请你写一篇欢迎辞在联欢会上宣读,这就要求写篇情

: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a

composition of about 120 words. Your composition should be based on the following situation. Remember to write clearly. Situation:

Imagine that you are required to write a Want Ad for the Dean (系主任). You are supposed to base this ad on the outline shown below:

Wanted: Student Consultant to the Dean

Duties: meeting with students; presenting oral and written reports; attending sessions

Requirements:full-time student with one year of student experience; a strong sense of duty

Salary: $3,000 an academic year

Time Commitment: 15 h. Weekly

Deadline:December 15, 2000; to Elmer Borden 800-2817

5) 标题作文

标题作文是一种常见的传统式命题作文。它只给出一个标题,不附带任何要求和说明,考生可取不同的角度确立主题并作阐述,文体类型也可根据自己审题和构思写成不同类型的作文。其优点是考生可以充分发挥想象,考出水平;其缺点是由

于它没有限制,考生容易写成“千人千面”的作文,不利评分。写这类作文时首先要对标题进行审视,限制写作范围,选取某一个面来写,再确定文章的体裁、主题和论述或描写的角度。

Directions:Write a composition on the topic “Should Firecracke rs Be Banned?”Your composition should be at least 120words.Remember to support the main idea with details and make your conclusion.Coherence is also important.

6)关键词作文Key Words Composition

In this kind of composition,a series of key words are given together with the title.It requires students' imagination and association in connecting the words logically without going astray from the main topic.

范例:

指示:在30分钟内以“City and Countryside”为题,写一篇120词左右的短文,必需包括下列关键词及表达方式,要求使用正确、恰当。

Key Words and Expressions:

similarities differences environment transportation education entertainment colorful boring public health service

reduce the gap

1)The city and the countryside are similar in some ways.

2)But there still exist great differences in the fields of environment,transportation,public health service,education and entertainment.

3)We will try to reduce the gap between The city and the countryside.

第二篇四级作文对策

准备的三个阶段:

1)写好句子(练熟基本句型和常用句型,请看巅峰训练的58-60页的写作常用句型和英语作文和翻译经典句型100

句)。

2)写好一个段落(英语段落的扩展、衔接与连贯)

3)写好一篇完整四级作文(尽量利用巅峰训练的33-47页的各种作文模板和范文)

在写四级作文的四个步骤:

1 审题和构思

审题有两个目的:1)确定写作要求,明确要表达的观点;2)确定用什么方式表达主题,是叙述文、描写文还是论说文?审好题后,就要开始构思,精心选材。选材要典型、具体、生动、有趣,要有利于阐发主题。

2 列提纲

审题和构思完后,就要根据其结果列出提纲,它好象为你写作路上插上路标,以免丢掉要点。由于四六级考试时间仅30分钟,又是写一篇120/150字的短文,所以提纲应尽可能简单

些,片言只语都行,以自己看得懂为准。

3. 选材

确定了文章的主题和轮廓之后,我们就开始考虑要选择哪些要点来阐明主题。选材一定要围绕主题句进行,同时要考虑到全面性。

4.动笔

列好提纲后,就可以开始动笔写作了。一般来说,首段为立意段,只要写出三四个句子来即可(大约40个单词),任务是亮出主题,不宜太过细,否则接下来的主体段再重复一次就多余了。接下来是全文的主体段,是这篇文章的精华段,一般写七八个句子为宜(大约60-70个单词)。最后为总结段,也以三四个句子为好(大约40个单词),总结重申一下主题思想或阐发自己的观点。在遣词造句方面,要尽可能用你有把握的词语和你熟悉的句型来表达思想。如果碰见单词不会拼写,意思不会用英语表达,应设法绕开,不要生拼硬凑。

修改

修改的主要任务是检查一下有无拼写和语法方面的错误,同时注意是否用词有过多的重复。

第三篇如何写好一个段落

一.英语段落的衔接与连贯

1.内容上的连贯:

这里所说的连贯有两两层含义。一是指文章在内容上是连贯、统一的,文章中所有的句子都是为全文的中心服务的。

就各段而言,其中的每一句话都要紧紧围绕着该段的主题句进行,不能说与主题句无关的东西。

Sports benefit us in many respects. (1) When taking part in sports,ain almost all parts of our body. There is no doubt that properly balanced physical activities keep us physically fit. (2) Furthermore, sports can enrich our life and maintain our psychological health.(3) Through participation, everyone can learn that on the playing field he not only competes for himself but also for his team. Sports teach us about consideration, cooperation and optimism, and how to cope with difficulties.

第一句是本段的主题句,接下来作者从体育运动对身体的好处说了两句,第四句讲述体育运动对心理方面的益处,第五句从团队的方面加以论述,最后一句既是论据,同时也是对前面三点的概括。全段没有一句话脱离主题句。

2. 连贯的第二层含义指的是表达上的连贯。文章的段落之间、段落中各句子之间要有一定的衔接。段落结构和句与句之间的衔接应遵照一定的顺序; 段落之间的连接也应符合逻辑。这样使文章连贯紧凑,自然流畅,层次分明,脉络清晰。

The weather has been changeable.On Sunday we had a

Monday was so cold that we had to turn on the heat and wear winter coats. And it remained gloomy the next day.To our pleasure,by Wednesday the weather cleared and the sun came out. But Thursday tuned out to be as hot and humid as an August day. Worse still, it began to rain this morning,and it looks as if we’ll l have a cold, steady wind for a few days.

时间上的连接(时间顺序)为蓝色部分引导;

表达上和意义上的连贯为红色部分引导。表达上的连贯常用代词或有意地重复手段和是使用关联词语(或叫语义连接语)或一些修辞上的手法(如排比句或比喻等)。

二.段落的展开方法

1.列举法和举例法

列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想, 是简单易行、具有说服力的写作方法。

Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient, especially when you have something urgent. For example, if one of your family members is seriously ill at n ight, and you don’t know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer. Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon.

列举的模式通常是

主题句----example 1

----example 2

----example 3

举例常用表达方式: for example, for instance, such as, like, as proof, thus, take…as a good example, a case in point is that …, to illustrate

列举: first(1y),second(1y),third(1y),then,next,last(1y),finally,for one thing…for another表示添加:and,again,also,besides,moreover,furthermore, what’s more, in addition等词语.

Nonverbal communication or “body language” can be just as important to understanding as words are. Because

Misunderstandings often amusing but sometimes serious —can arise between people from different culture if they misinterpret nonverbal signals. Take for example,the differences in meaning of gesture very common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger食指. To an American, it means that everything is ok. To a Japanese, it means that you are talking about money.In France, it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore,an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular hand signal.

2. 分类法

一般是在主题句之后,依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后,选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具体地说明或解释。

There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good library.First,books on all subjects,in many other languages. These books are organized according to subject, title, and author in a central file in the card catalog. Books can generally be checked out of the library and taken home for a period of two to four weeks. Second, there are reference works. which include encyclopedias, dictionaries,

bibliography, atlases, etc., and which generally must be used in the library itself. Third, there are periodicals – magazines, newspapers, pamphlets –which are filed alphabetically in racks, or which have been filmed to conserve space. Like reference works, periodicals cannot usually be removed from the library.

分类常用表达方式:to begin with,to start with,first of all,first,second,third,most of all,next,moreover,in addition,besides,furthermore …来表达。

常用句型:

Generally/broadly speaking, there are three kinds/types of …

Sth. can be classified according to/depending on …Sth. can be classified on the basis of …

Sth. can be divided / further divided into …

3. 因果关系

在段落一开头,就用主题句点明其因果关系,然后选用有关材料,客观的罗列某些原因或结果,以证阐述的中心思想。

因果关系的模式通常是:

原因分析型:在主题句中先介绍某一事件,然后对该事件发生的1个或多个原因进行分析。

1)主题句(结果)---- 原因1

2012大学英语四级考试写作辅导

2012大学英语四级考试写作辅导 记叙文的思路与练习 记叙文是以叙述人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程为主要表现形式的一种文体。记叙文既可以以写人为主,又可以以写事为主。写记叙文要注意记叙文的“六大要素”即: 时间(When)——何时发生,有没有具体时间? 地点(Where)——何地发生,有没有地点变化? 人物(Who)——何人参与,谁是主角? 事件(What)——发生了什么,有何特点? 原因(Why)——事件的起因? 结果(How)——事件的经过及结局? 一般说来,在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一不可的。 记叙文的思路就围绕这六大要素充分展开。 【例】四级考试中,只出现过一次专门的记叙文体裁的写作,即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.),2003年6月出现过包含记叙文的作文,即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。 对于“An Early Morning Walk”,知道命题要求后,我们就要开始构思了。 When:题目已规定了是“清晨”,在这个时候,“我”去散步。 Where:到哪儿散步?去公园?在校园里?在街上(街上空气不好,还是不去!)。 Who:在公园里看到晨练的人:中老年人、年轻人、小孩子;在校园里看到读书背单词的学生。 What:人们热火朝天地做操,随音乐跳舞,打球,等等。 Why:清晨空气清新,适合锻炼;一日之际在于晨,背背书,读读单词。 当然,由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西,因篇幅所限,我们做了删减。

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