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各大学基础工程期末考试试题3

各大学基础工程期末考试试题3
各大学基础工程期末考试试题3

样题

一、填空题

1 《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB50007-2002)根据地基的复杂程度、建筑物规模和功能特征以及由于地基问题可能造成建筑物破坏或影响正常使用的程度,将地基基础设计分为甲级、乙级和丙级

2 按地基承载力确定基础底面积及埋深时,传至基础或承台底面上的荷载效应应按正常使用状态下荷载效应的标准组合,相应的抗力采用地基承载力特征值。

3 一般砌体承重结构房屋的长高比不太大,变形特征以为主,应以该变形特征作为地基的主要变形特征。

4 当考虑上部结构、基础和地基的共同工作时,三者不但要满足

条件,还应满足条件。

5 文克尔地基上梁按l 可划分为短梁、有限长梁和

无限长梁

6 目前较为常用的三种线性地基模型为文克勒地基模型、弹性半空间地基模型和有限压缩层地基模型

7 桩基础一般由桩身和沉台两部分组成。

8 按施工方法不同,桩可分为预制桩和灌注桩两大类。

9 垫层设计内容包括垫层材料的选择、、和

10 按垫层在地基中的作用可分为、和。

11 挡土墙按结构类型可分为 重力式 、 悬臂式 、扶壁式 和 板桩式。

二、选择题

1、有一基础,上部结构和基础自重传至基底的压力p =70kPa ,若地

基的天然重度318kN/m γ=,饱和重度3sat 19.8kN/m γ=,地下水位

在地表下0.8m 处,当基础埋置在 深度时,基底附加压力正好为零。

A 、d =6.47m

B 、d =7.67m

C 、d =4.4m

D 、d =3.6m

2 某墙下条形基础底面宽度b =1.2m ,基础埋深d =1.2m ,墙体传至地表的竖向荷载标准值F k =180kN/m ,弯矩标准值M k =36k N ·m/m ,则最大、最小基底压力值分别为 。

A 、260kPa ,34kPa

B 、324kPa ,24kPa

C 、365kPa ,56kPa

D 、310kPa ,26kPa

3 《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB50007-2002)以理论公式临界荷载14

P 为基础,结合经验给出基础荷载偏心距 的情况计算地

基承载力特征值的公式a b d m k k f M b M d M c γγ=++。

A 、0.033e b ≤(b 为偏心方向基础边长)

B 、0.167e b ≤

C 、0.25e b ≤

D 、0.5e b ≤

4 对于压缩层厚度小于基础宽度的一半的情况,在进行地基基础相互作用时,下列模型中优先选用得是。

A、有限压缩层地基模型

B、文克尔地基模型

C、弹塑性半空间地基模型

D、弹塑性地基模型

5 桩基承台发生冲切的原因是。

A、底板配筋不足

B、承台有效高度不足

C、钢筋保护层不足

D、承台底面尺寸过大

6 、某砂石桩复合地基,桩径0.8m,桩中心距1.4m,等边三角形布置,则砂石桩复合地基面积置换率m为,1根桩承担的处理面积为m2。

A、0.30,1.70

B、0.26,1.92

C、0.33,1.52

D、0.57,0.88

7 淤泥的孔隙比。

A、等于1.0

B、大于1.0

C、等于1.5

D、大于1.5

8下列说法中,( )是错误的.

A 柱下条形基础按倒梁法计算时,两边跨要增加配筋量,其原因是

考虑基础的架越作用

B 基础架越作用的强弱仅取决于基础本身的刚度

C 框架结构对基础不均匀沉降较为敏感

D 地基压缩性是否均匀对连续基础的内力影响甚大

9 建筑基础中的( )必须满足基础台阶宽高比的要求.

A钢筋混凝土条形基础 B 砖石及混凝土基础

C柱下条形基础D钢筋混凝土独立基础

10.补偿性基础中的补偿是指:

A补偿了土体的重量B补偿了建筑物的重量;

C补偿了土体的应力D补偿了土体的变形。

11 堆载预压法加固地基的原理是()。

A 碾压夯实

B 换土回填

C 排水固结

D 挤密土层

12 受竖向荷载桩,关于桩端阻力荷载分担大小,说法正确的是:

桩端阻力发挥值越大。

A 长径比l/d越小,桩土相对刚度越大;

B 长径比l/d越小,桩土相对刚度越小;

C 长径比l/d越大,桩土相对刚度越大;

D 长径比l/d越大,桩土相对刚度越小。

13 有上覆土层的嵌岩桩,受竖向荷载作用时,关于桩身周围土能发挥的侧阻力大小说法正确的是:

A 持力层越硬,桩土相对刚度越大;

B 持力层越硬,桩土相对刚度越小;

C 持力层越软,桩土相对刚度越大;

D 持力层越软,桩土相对刚度越小。

14 地基比例系数m和桩的变形系数α的量纲分别是:

A MN/m4,1/m

B MN/m3,1/m

C MN/m4,无量纲

D MN/m3,无量纲

15 有一个宽度为3m的条形基础,在基底平面上作用着中竖向轴心荷载2400kN及力矩M。问M为何值时最小基底压力p min等于零?

A 1000 k N·m

B 1200 kN·m

C 1400 kN·m

D 1600 kN·m

16 某条形基础上部结构荷重为F=160kN/m,经修正后地基承载力设计值为f=100kPa,基础埋深为d=1m,条形基础最小宽度最接近于下列哪一个数值?

A 1.0m

B 1.5m

C 2.0m

D 2.5m

17 条形基础宽2m,基底埋深1.50m,地下水位在地面以下1.50m,基础底面的设计荷载为350KN/m,地基土分布:第一层土厚度为3

米,天然重度γ=20.0kN/m3,压缩模量Es=12MPa;第二层为软弱下卧层,其厚度为5米,天然重度γ=18.0kN/m3,压缩模量Es=4MPa;扩散到软弱下卧层顶面的附加压力p z最接近于下列哪一个数值?

A 78kPa

B 89kPa;

C 109kPa

D 143kPa。

三、问答题

1 选择基础埋深时应考虑哪些因素?

2 对于有偏心荷载作用的情况,如何根据持力层承载力确定基础底面尺寸?

3 解释上部结构、基础和地基共同工作的概念。

4 试比较静定分析法和倒梁法计算柱下条形基础内力的异同。

5 如何利用无限长梁的解答,采用叠加方法计算有限长梁的内力?

6 说明桩侧负摩阻力产生的条件和场合?

7 说明软弱土的工程特性。

8 简述预压法的原理。

9 试比较重力式挡土墙和悬臂式挡土墙稳定性验算的异同。

四计算题

1某钢筋混凝土桩基础,上部结构传到基础顶面的荷载N k=2300kN,M k=300kN·m,Q k=50kN(剪力),桩长10m,截面尺寸300×300mm2,承台埋深D=2m,桩基础尺寸布置,地质条件如图示(摩阻力和端阻力均为特征值)。

(1)试验算单桩承载力是否满足要求?

(2)假定承台有效高度为830mm,柱尺寸为400×400mm,试进行柱对承台的冲切验算,并确定承台配筋面积

D=2m 300

1000

γ 3 1000 q sa 8.5m 300

γ

q sa

q pa

(f y=300MPa)。

2.某柱下单独基础,荷载(均为标准值)条件N k=1800kN、M k=200kM·m、Q k=10kN。基础埋深d=1m,基础底面尺寸l×b=3.2×2.6m2。地基条件如图所示,验算持力层和下卧层的承载力是否满足要求?

m

1

3 某墙下条形基础,宽b=1.2m ,埋深d=1.0m ,基础顶面荷载F=130kN/m ,G γ=20kN/m 3,地表下1.0m 为填土,γ=19kN/m 3,其下

为淤泥土,γsat =18kN/m 3,f k =60kP a ,地下水位在地表下1.0m 处,

因地基软弱,现运用砂垫层,层厚为1.6m ,试验算下卧层是满足要求(已知θ=300,ηb =0,ηd =1.1)。(10分)

4 已知某方形独立基础柱传至基础顶面轴向力680k F kN =,柱截面尺寸400400mm mm ?,基础底面尺寸24002400mm mm ?,修正的的地基承载力特征值2125/a f kN m =,混凝土强度等级C20(21.10/t f N mm =),HPB235钢筋(2210/y f N mm =)。采用现浇钢筋混凝土轴心受压基础,已知有效高度h 0=560mm ,试设计该基础。

5 某桩基础采用钢筋混凝土预制桩,桩的截面尺寸为30×30cm 2,桩长20m 。桩的布置、荷载条件和地质条件如图所示。试验算单桩承载力是否满足要求?(图中荷载均为标准值,摩阻力、端阻力均为特征值)

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