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初中英语语法情态动词知识考点试题详解

初中英语语法情态动词知识考点试题详解
初中英语语法情态动词知识考点试题详解

初中英语语法情态动词知识考点试题详解

时间:2009年04月10日作者:匿名来源:博客

对英语教育和学习感兴趣的朋友,来看看我们现行教学中情态动词的内容,14个表情达意的词只在初中就被赋予如此多的解释,我们是否应该想一想,这科学吗?英语母语者要学这么多内容才会用这些词吗?

网络知识清单

情态动词 can 表示能力,意为“能会”

表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中

表示请求,允许,意为“可以”

could can 的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力

在疑问句中表示委婉请求

may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以”

表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”

might may的过去式

表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“ 可能、也许”

must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、应该”

表示有把握的推测,用语肯定句

Need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中

dare 表示敢于,主要用于否定句和疑问句中

should 意为“ 应该”,表示要求和命令

表示劝告、建议

had better 意为“最好”,表示建议

used to 意为“过去常常,表示过去的动作、行为

考点知识清单

知识梳理

情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没哟人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。

考点一 can ,may, must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法

1. can 的用法

(1)表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”,即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。如:

She can swim fast, but I can’t .她能游得很快,但我不能。

I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。

(2)表示可能、能够。如:

I can finish it in an hour. 我能在一小时后完成它。

(3)表示许可,常在口语中。如:

You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。

(4)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。如:

Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?

----Can it be our teacher?

那个人有可能是我们老师吗?

----No, it can’t be our te acher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.

不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。

例 --- I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.

----- No. She __ be there, I have just been there.

A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.wouldn’t

[解析]

根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“ 不可能”,can’t 表示推测

[答案] A

2. could的用法

(1) can的过去式,意为“ 能、会” ,表示过去的能力。如:

He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。

(2) could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:

Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?

---Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗?

--Yes, you can. 可以。

3. may的用法

(1)表示请求、许可,比can 正式,如:

May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?

You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。

例----_______ I borrow your MP3?

-----Sure . Here you are.

A. May

B.Should

C.Must

D. Would

【解析】在此处表示请求,意为“ 做……可以吗”。

答案 A

(2) 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。如:

It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。

She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.

(3) may的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may 。如:

He is away from school. He might be sick.

他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。

4. must的用法

(1) must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”。如:

You must stay here until I come back.

在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。

Must I hand in my homework right now?

我必须现在交作业吗?

(2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如:

You mustn’t play with fire.你不许玩火。

You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。

(3)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to .

如:

---Must I finish my homework?

我现在必须完成作业吗?

---No, you needn’t.

不,你不必。

(4)must 表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句。如:

The light is on, so he must be at home now.

灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。

注意其反意问句的构成形式:

当must 表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。

如:

She must have finished writing, hasn’t she?

她一定已经写完了,不是吗?

5. need的用法

(1) need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为

needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”。用need 提问时,肯定回答为 must,否定回答为needn’t 。如:

----Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗?

----Yes, you must . 是的。

-----No. you needn’t . 不,你不必。

(2) need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,后边多接动词不定式。如:

I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。

He needs to learn more about the girl. 他需要多了解那个女孩。

6. dare 的用法

dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need,有两种词性:

(1) dare 作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如:

Dare he tell them what he knows?

他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗?

I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me?

我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗?

(2) dare 作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如:

He doesn’t dare to break his promise.

他不敢食言。

注意:在口语中,dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。如:

Do you dare tell her what I said?

你敢告诉她我说的话吗?

I didn’t dare look at him.

我不敢看他。

7. shall 的用法

(1) shall 表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称),如:

Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?

(2) 表示决心、警告、命令(多用于第二、三人称),如:

No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam.

考试中任何人不准带BP机和手机。

8. should的用法

(1) should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如:

We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。

(2) should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”,常用于口语中。如:

I should (would) like to go with you . 我愿意和你一起去。

Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗?

(3) Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如:

You should have finished your homework.

你应该已经完成作业了。(事实上你没有完成。)

9. will 的用法

will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。如:

I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.

今天下午如果我有空,我就会帮你。

10. had better 的用法

had better 意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to 的不定式,其否定形式为: had better not。如:

We had better go now. 我们最好现在就走。

You had better not give the book to him.

你最好不要把这本书给他。

考点二含有情态动词的疑问句

1. 由 can、may、must构成的疑问句

(1)句式:Can/ May/ Must… + 主语+动词原形+….?如:Can you repair the car? 你会修小汽车吗?

Could he be a good student? 他能是名好学生吗?

May I borrow your ruler? 我可以借你的尺子吗?

Must we clean the room now?我们必须现在打扫房间吗?

(2)对 may 引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:

Yes, of course.

Yes, certainly.

Sure .

No, you mustn’t.

No, you can’t.

(3)对must引出的疑问句,回答方式为:

Yes, …must.

No,… needn’t/ don’t have to.

2. will, would, shall 的用法

(1) will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说”。 would 是will 的过去式,语气更加客气、委婉。如:

Would you show me your picture book? 你能让我看看你的画册吗?

Will you please give me a call? 请给我打个电话好吗?

(2)对will/ would you…的回答方式有以下几种:

Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)

Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)

All right.

Certainly. (No, thank you .)

Yes, please.

例 ---Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?

-----________.

A.That’s right

B.With pleasure

C.It doesn’t matter

D.No trouble

解析 A. 意为“对了” , B. 意为“ 乐意效劳”, C. 意为“ 没关系” D.意为“不费事”。

答案 B

(3)shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。如:

我给你把门打开好吗?

我们现在开始好吗?

其回答方式有以下几种:

Yes, please.

All right.

No, thank you.

考点三不同情态动词的否定意义也不同

1. (1)can’t可译为“不会”,如:I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。

(2)当句子表推测时,用can’t 表达不可能,如:

He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了,他正和Tom 下棋呢。

(3)can’t 还可用来回答“ May I …? ” 这样的问句。如:

May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?

No, you mustn’t. / can’t.不,你不能。

(4)can’t 还可用于固定习语中。如:

She can’t help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。

2. may 的否定式为 may not ,译成“ 可能不”,如:

He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。

3. (1)mustn’t 表示不许,不可。如:

He m ustn’t leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。

You mustn’t talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。

(2) mustn’t也可用于以 may 表示要求时的否定回答中。如:

——May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗?

------No, you mustn’t(can’t).

不,不行。

4. (1)needn’t 意为“ 不必” 。如:

You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to.

你不需要见他,除非你愿意。

(2)needn’t + have+ 动词的过去分词,表不需要完成但已完成的动作,暗含时间或精力上的浪费。如:

You needn’t have bought it. 你没必要买它(但你却买了)。

5. shouldn’t 表示不应该。如:

You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things.

对于这种小事,你不应该感到这么不高兴。

考点四情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。

做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。如:

You needn’t get up so early every day.

你不必每天都起这么早。

She shouldn’t speak t her mother in that way.

她不应该用那种方式和妈妈说话。

More and more trees must be planted in China.

在中国必须种植更多的树木。

Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.

很多星星我们都看不到,因为它们离我们太远了。

易混知识清单

知识归纳

易混点一 can 和 be able to

两者表示能力时用法相同,但 can 只有原形“can” 和过去式“ could ”两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able to 来表示。另外 be able to 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如:

Jim can’t speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。

He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。

We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。

He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。

I ‘ m sure you ‘ll be able to finish it quickly.

我相信你能迅速地完成。

We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.

我们能在中午到达山顶。

易混点二 can和may

1. can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。如:

Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗?

2. can 和may 表示可能性时的区别:

1) 在肯定句中用 might, may, must,不用can

2) 在疑问句中表示推测用 can,不用 might, may,must

3) 在否定句中用can’t(不可能),不用 may, must。如:

She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。

Where can they be now? 他们现在可能在哪儿?

That can’t be true. 那不可能是真的。

易混点三 may be 和maybe

用法区

别常用位置

may be may为情态动词, be为动词原形句中,作谓语

maybe 副词,大概、也许,相当于perhaps 句首,作状语

He may be wrong , but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。

易混点四can’t 和mustn’t

1. can’t 根据其基本用法可译为:

(1)不会,如:

I can’t speak English . 我不会说英语。

(2)不能,如:

We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.

天太黑了,我们现在干不了。

(3)不可能,如:

那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多。

The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher..

2. mustn’t 意为“ 禁止、不许”,用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气。如:

You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.

你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了。

易混点五 must 和 have to

1. must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要,还可以在间接引语中表示过去的必要或业务。

2. have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如:

I know I must study hard.

我知道我必须努力学习。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.

我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。

I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.

我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。

初中英语语法知识点地点副词

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初中英语语法大全汇总 (一) 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。

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初中英语语法专项练习题 一、名词冠词 1.-What can I do for you? -I'd like two _______. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple 2. Help yourself to _________. A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken 3. ________ it is today! A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather 4. Which is the way to the __________? A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe's factory D. shoes' factory 5. This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them. A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying 6. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam. A. two month B. two-month C. two month's D. two-months 7.____ trees are cut down in the forests every year. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 8. Our sports meeting will be held ________. A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, Tuesday C. on Tuesday, April 24 D. in April Tuesday 24 9. _______ people here are very friendly to us. A. The B. / C. A D. An 10. There is no enough ____in the corner to put the table. A. place B. room C. floor D. ground

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一般现在时1定义 1

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1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语: always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month, hardly, ever,neve e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 2.表示发生或者存在于说话之时的感觉,状态,和关系。时间的焦点在说话时的现在。 这样的动词有: know love have hear agree be think see taste feel seem look want belong require like等,这类动词的特点都有延续性,用一般时态就能表示动作或者状态的持续。 e.g. I see some twinkling stars in the sky. 3.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。 e.g. I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 5.表示格言或警句中。 e.g Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 6.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。 7.表示预先计划或安排好的行为。 8.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容,为了体现其“新鲜”性,也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。 ☆注意★:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 5

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