Improving Paragraph
一、语法题
(1) 划线修改
(2) 二合一体
考点：a. 语法结构；
b. 从平行并列的两个句子中，找出两个句子的重心；
c. 从句意上，考两个句子的连接词。
难点：题目出得很长。
单句>从句>分词>平行句
(3) 代词的指代
(4) 不划线修改
有错改错，没错删整句。
例：In context, what is the best way to deal with sentence 4 reproduced below)?（P958.30）
They had actually been in use for half of his lifetime.
(A) Delete it.
(B) Switch it with sentence 5.
(C) Change “They” to “Such elevators”.
(D) Change “his” to “Otis”.
(E) Insert “supposedly” after “lifetime”
例：What is the best way to revise the underlined portion of sentences 5 and 6 (reproduced below)? （P958.31）
What Otis managed to do in 1854 was to demonstrate an elevator with a built-in safety device. So that the elevator would not plunge to the bottom if the rope used to raise and lower it broke.
(A) device, by which the elevator would not plunge
(B) device, and the elevator would not plunge
(C) device because an elevator plunges
(D) device to prevent the elevator from plunging
(E) device, it prevented elevators from plunging
二、文章题
难点：阅读题
(1) 中心思想
(2) 在文章最前端或者最末端添加句子——关于文章的中心思想的概括
(3) 文章中间加句子
a. 从语法角度考，如代词指代不明；
b. 做某个概念的解释和说明。
(4) 概括和举例之间的关系
例：Which of the following sentences would be best to add after sentence 10? （P841.34）
(A) I confidently related what my mother had taught me about him.
(B) And in fact, you can bet that really made my day.
(C) Indeed, my mother had always encouraged me to do my best on such occasions.
(D) I outlined everything I knew about Poe
(E) Famous for his tales of terror, Poe has captivated readers for 150 years.
部分原文：Her ability to speak several languages enabled her to gather stories from eyewitnesses of major events like the uprising of December 1825.
例：Which of the following is the be best sentences to insert at the beginning of the second paragraph?（779.34）
(A) The journey from Massachusetts had been long.
(B) In 1824 Saint Petersburg was a turbulent city.
(C) Russian history has fascinated me for years.
(D) Unfortunately, Prince faced harsh winters in Saint Petersburg.
(E) Prince was an ideal observer in several ways.
Questions 30-35 are based on the following passage.(P660)
(1) This summer I felt as if I were listening in on the Middle Ages with a hidden microphone. (2) No, there were no microphones in those days. (3) But there were letters, and sometimes these letters speak to me like voice from very long ago.
(4) A book I found contained selected letters from five generations of a family.
(5) The Pastons, who lived in a remote part of England over 500 years ago.
(6) Getting anywhere in the Middle Ages was really hard, with deep rivers and few bridges and sudden snowstorms coming on in the empty lands between settlements. (7) An earl rebelled in London, so that a messenger rode for days to tell the distant head of the Paston family of a feared civil war.
(8) Through the letters a modern reader can sense their anxieties about rebellious sons and daughters, belligerent neighbors, outbreaks of plague, and shortages of certain foods and textiles. (9) Unbelievably, there is a 1470 love letters.
(10) The man who wrote it ends “I beg you, let no one see this letter. (11) As soon as you have read it, burn it, for I would not want anyone to see it.” (12) I was sitting on the front porch with bare feet on the hottest afternoon in July and I read that with a shiver. (13) I had been part of a centuries-old secret.
30. The best way to describe the relationship of sentence 2 to sentence 1 is that sentence 2
(A) anticipates a reader’s possible response to sentence 1
(B) provides historical background for sentence 1
(C) repeats the idea presented in sentence 1
(D) introduce a contrasting view of sentence 1
(E) corrects an inaccuracy stated in sentence 1
31. Which of the following sentences would be most logical to insert before sentence 4?
(A) I first came across these letters while browsing in a library.
(B) No, I am not dreaming; I have been reading them.
(C) On the contrary, microphones are a recent invention.
(D) Obviously, a library can open the door to mystery.
(E) However, letters are not the oldest form of communication.
32. In context, which is the best version of the underlined portions of sentences 4 and
5 (reproduced below)?
A book I found contained selected letters from five generations of a family. The Pastons, who lived in a remote part of England over 500 years ago.
(A) (as it is now)
(B) a family. The Pastons, living
(C) a family; it was the Pastons living
(D) the Paston family, who lived
(E) the family named Paston and living
33. In context, which of the following is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 7 (reproduced below)
An earl rebelled in London, so that a messenger rode for days to tell the distant head of the Paston family of a feared civil war.
(A) (as it is now)
(B) An earl had rebelled in London, so
(C) For example, with a rebelling earl in London
(D) While an earl rebels in London
(E) Once, when an earl rebelled in London
34. In context, which is the best version to make to sentence 8 (reproduced below)? Through the letters a modern reader can sense their anxieties about rebellious sons and daughters, belligerent neighbors, outbreaks of plague, and shortages of certain foods and textiles.
(A) Insert “one’s reading of” after “Through”.
(B) Change “their”to “the Pastons’”.
(C) Change “sense” to “record”.
(D) Delete some of the examples.
(E) Insert “etc.” after “textiles”.
35. All of the following strategies are used by the writer of the passage EXCEPT
(A) background explanation
(B) imaginative description
(C) rhetorical questions
(D) personal narration
(E) direct quotation
Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage.(P411)
1.writers. No error (E) (06.1,21)
2.Some experts say that of all (A) the musical forms that constituted African music
in the second half of the (B) twentieth century, Congolese rumba and its rambunctious offspring, soukous, were (C) the more (D) influential. No error (E) (09-1-S6-19)
3.It was (A) a Chinese American grower who finally succeeded with adapting (B)
the now familiar (C) orange tree to(D) the American climate. No error (E)
(06.1, 22)
4.Five years in the wr
( 09-5-S4-24)
5.Built from 1609 to 1617 to rival (A) the Hagia Sophia, Isanbul’s Sultanahmet
Mosque was celebrated (B) not so much for its architecture but because of (C) the exquisite blue tiles that adorned its (D) interior. No error (E)
( 09-5-S4-27)
6.In 1991 Burmese military officials arrested dissident political leader Aung San
Suu Kyi, thereby(A) preventing (B) her from leaving (C) Burma for accepting (D) the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo. No error (E)
(09-01-S6-20)
1. All species of sea turtles are endangered because of overharvesting of adults, their eggs being disturbed and destruction of nesting habitats. (06-10-S10-12)
A.of overharvesting of adults, their eggs being disturbed and destruction of nesting
habitats
B.of the adults being overharvested, their eggs disturbed, and destroying nesting
habitats
C.the overharvesting of adults, disturbance of their eggs, and destruction of nesting
habitats
D.the adults are overharvested, their eggs are disturbed, and their nesting habitats are
destroyed
E.being overharvested as adults, their eggs being disturbed, and destruction of
nesting habitats
2. During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947, about six million people crowded onto the beach and into the amusements at Coney Island, “American’s Playground, in Brooklyn, New York. （06，1，Section10，3）
A. During the Fourth of July weekend in 1947
B. It was the Fourth of July weekend in 1947 that
C. The Fourth of July weekend that occurred in 1947 was when
D. The Fourth of July weekend in 1947
E. Occurring in 1947 over the Fourth of July weekend
3. Across the southern surface of the Moon’s far side sprawls an asteroid-impact crater, 1,600 miles wide and 8 miles deep, called the Aitken Basin.
A.side sprawls an asteroid-impact crater,
B.side there sprawls an asteroid-impact crater, it is
C.side, a sprawling asteroid-impact crater,
D.side, an asteroid-impact crater that sprawls
E.side, sprawl an asteroid-impact crater,
4. Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he failed to keep either of them after the election. ( Online Course 1，Section 7, 9)
A. Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he
B. The candidate, having promised both to cut taxes and improve services,
C. Although the candidate made promises both to cut taxes and to improve services, he
D. Having promised, first, to cut taxes and, second, to improve services, the candidate
E. The candida te’s promises were both to cut taxes and improve services, he
5. You cannot expect to treat your friends badly and no one notices.
( Online Course 1，Section 7, 3)
A. and no one notices
B. and have no one notice
C. without notice by someone
D. without notice by no one
E. without the result of somebody noticing
6. The psychologist states that most people want the same things: interesting and meaningful work, respect, and to have them to be loved for themselves alone. ( Online Course 2，Section 6, 4 )
A. interesting and meaningful work, respect, and to have them to be loved for themselves alone
B. to have interesting and meaningful work, respect, and loved for themselves alone
C. work that has interest and is meaningful, to have respect, and to be loved for themselves alone
D. interesting and meaningful work, respect, and their own love
E. to have interesting and meaningful work, to be respected, and to be loved for themselves alone
7. Once American films looked slick and commercial compared to European imports; now, almost the reverse is true. ( Online Course 2，Section 6, 8 )
A. now, almost the reverse is true
B. now, they are almost the reverse
C. instead, there is almost a reversal now
D. now it is almost the reverse that is true
E. it has now been almost reversed
8. ather than temporary jobs like now. ( Online Course 2，Section 10, 5 )
A. break rather than temporary jobs like now
B. break instead of temporary jobs like now
C. break; now they take temporary jobs
D. break; instead, students are taking temporary jobs
E. break, but now it is temporary jobs
9. The tiles are sorted not only by their surface appearance but also according to their hardness and their capacity of conducting heat. ( Online Course 3，Section 4, 9 )
A. according to their hardness and their capacity of conducting heat
B. according to their hardness and of their heat-conducting capacity
C. by their hardness and if they have the capacity for heat conduction
D. by their hardness and their capacity for conducting heat
E. by their hardness and capacity in heat conduction
10. In Alaska, the ground is riddled with ice wedges, many quite ancient, caused by the cold earth cracks and the cracks fill with water. (08-5-S6-8)
A.by the cold earth cracks
B.by the cold earth cracking
C.when the cold earth cracks
D.where they crack the cold earth
E.through the cold earth cracking