外贸英语万能索引帖

常用英文商业书信大全(wai mao )1.请求建立商业关系Rogers Chemical Supply Co. 10E.22Street Omaha8,Neb Gentlemen: We have obtained your name and address from Aristo Shoes, Milan , and we are writing to enquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At present, We are interested in extending our, range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.If your prices are competitive we would expect to transact a significant volume of business. We look forward to your earlyreply.Very truly yours自米兰职权里斯托鞋类公司取得贵公司和地址，特此修函，祈能发展关系。

多年来，本公司经营鞋类进口生意，现欲扩展业务范围。

盼能惠赐商品目录和报价表。

如价格公道，本公司必大额订购。

烦请早日赐复。

此致 `2.回复对方建立商业关系的请求Thank your for your letter of the 16th of this month. We shall be glad to enter into business relations with your company. In compliance with your request, we are sending you, under separate cover, our latest catalogue and price list covering our export range. Payment should be made by irrevocable and confirmed letter of credit. Should you wish to place an order, please telex or fax us.本月16日收到有关商务关系的来函，不胜欣喜。

外贸英语函电万能模板1. 询盘函模板：Dear Sir or Madam,。

We have obtained your name and address from theinternet and know that you are in the market for (Commodity). We would like to take this opportunity to introduce our company and products, with the hope that we may work with Bright Ideas Imports in the future.We are a leading manufacturer of (Commodity), with many years of experience. Our products have enjoyed great popularity in the world market. We have sufficient experience and high responsibility. We are looking for a partner to develop new markets. We hope that we can cooperate in the future.We look forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,。

(Your Name)。

(Your Title)。

(Company Name)。

2. 报价函模板：Dear Sir or Madam,。

Thank you for your letter of (Date of the letter) inquiring about our (Commodity). We are pleased to enclose the most competitive offer for the required goods.We are confident that our offer will meet with your approval and look forward to receiving your order in the near future.Yours sincerely,。

无纺布外贸英语范文Subject: Non woven Fabrics Your Ideal Choice!Dear [Buyer's Name],Hope this email finds you well! I'm [Your Name] from [Your Company Name], and today I want to introduce you to our amazing non woven fabrics that are just waiting to make your business shine.You know, non woven fabrics are like the unsung heroes in the textile world. They're not as fussy as some other fabrics but are super useful. Our non woven fabrics are made with top notch technology. It's like we've put a little bit of magic into every fiber.We have a wide range of non woven fabrics here. Whether you need them for making those nifty shopping bags that are both strong and eco friendly, or for some really cool medical products like disposable gowns or masks (you know how important these are nowadays), we've got you covered.The quality? Oh, it's so good that you'll be impressed. Our non woven fabrics are durable as heck. They won't fall apart on you like some flimsy stuff out there. And they're soft too, not like a rough piece of sandpaper.In terms of price, we're not here to rob you blind. We offer really competitive prices because we believe in building long term relationships. It's like we're saying, "Hey, let's be friends and do some great business together."We also have excellent customer service. If you have any questions, whether it's about the product specs or delivery times, just give us a shout. We'll answer you faster than you can say "non woven."So, what do you think? Are you ready to give our non woven fabrics a try? I bet once you do, you'll be hooked.Looking forward to hearing from you soon.Best regards,[Your Name]。

1.索取资料(产品信息)Gentlemen/Ladies:We confirm receipt of your letter(your ref. L-CBA-0001) of February 1，2000 regarding the marketing of your children's clothes in this country.In order for us to study the matter in greater detail, we would appreciate receiving a price list for each item shown in your catalog.V ery truly yours,先生们／女生们：我们已收到贵公司于２０００年２月１日发出的关于在我国销售童装的信函（贵公司参考号为Ｌ－ＣＢＡ－０００１）．为了我们更详细地研究此事，我们希望能得到贵公司产品目录中所列项目的价格表．您忠实的，in order for us to ... 为了我们．．．it would be very helpful if you could... 如果贵方能．．．将会给我们很大帮助．(1) 如果贵方能寄来商品目录和价格表,我们不胜感激.(2) 请贵方寄来相关资料.(3)贵方若能寄来销售统计数字,将会给我方很大帮助.(1) We would appreciate it if you could send us a list of your merchandise and a price list.(2) We would like to ask you to kindly send us the related information.(3) It would be very helpful if you could send us statistics on your sales.2.索取资料（企业情况）Dear Sir/Madam,We are a company that imports yachts for sale to Japanese clients and we have enclosed our company's brochure for your reference.Y our company's name to our attention through an article in the August issue of Ocean Magazine and we understand that you manufacture yachts of various sizes. Since we might be interested in doing business with your company, we would like to have some information about you r company, we would therefore appreciate your sending us your company's catalog so that we can examine the business potential more closely.Thank you for your attention.Y ours faithfully,亲爱的先生／女士：我公司从事游艇进口，并向日本销售．随信寄去我公司手册，以供参考．＜海洋杂志＞八月号的一篇文章引起了我们对贵公司的注意．我们了解到贵公司生产不同型号的游艇，我公司有望与贵公司做生意，因此希望了解贵公司及产品的情况，请寄来贵公司产品目录，以便我们进一步研究合作的可能性．我方不胜感激．感谢贵公司的关注．您忠实的，be keenly interested in...... 对．．．非常感兴趣develop an interest in (toward)......对．．．产生兴趣line of business 经营范围product line 产品种类１.我们通过东京工商会了解了贵公司的情况．２.我公司是东南亚地区最大的高尔夫设备销售代理商之一，我们已获得贵公司新产品的有关信息．３.我方对贵公司新近开发的技术很感兴趣．１.We learned of your company through the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Tokyo.2. Our company is one of the largest sales agents for golf equipment in South East Asia and we have obtained information about your new products.3. We are very much interested in your recently-developed technology.3.寄送资料Dear Mr. Y amato,Thank you for your letter dated 31st August,2000 inquiring about our company and our products. Enclosed are our latest brochures listing all the types of yachts we manufacture as well as our financial statement for the year ending 31st December 1999.We have not sold our products in the Japanese market in the past, and we would be delighted to do buisness with your company. Please go through the enclosures. We would be happy to answer any questions that may arise.We look forward to hearing from you.Y ours sincerely,亲爱的山本先生，谢谢您于２０００年８月３１日发出的询问我公司及产品情况的来信，随信寄去我公司最新的产品说明书，内列我公司生产的所有型号游艇及截止至１９９９年１２月３１日的财务报表．过去我公司并未在日本市场销售过产品，因此我们非常高兴与贵公司合作．请仔细阅读内附资料．我们很愿意回答任何问题．我们期待着您的回复．您真诚的，as requested... 按贵方要求．．．be proud to... 引以为荣的是．．．１.按贵方要求，兹附上我公司宣传手册．２.我公司从事本行业已有２０年，我们引以为荣的是我们在业界内建立了良好的信誉．３.我们最近已把市场拓展到俄罗斯．(1) As requested, we are enclosing our company brochure.(2) We have been in this business for the past 20 years and we are proud to have established an excellent reputation.(3) We have recently expanded our market into Russia.4.索取资料（详细资料）Dear Mr. Morgan,We refer to your company's brochure dated 2nd October,2000. We are very interested in learning in greater detail about your product No. 1080 as shown on page 15 of the said brochure. Could you please supply us with the specifications, price, delivery and other relevant information so that we could further evaluate this product?Since we intend to hold an internal meeting on 25th October to determine which company's product we might purchase, we would like to have your reply by the 11th. Thank you for your immediate attention to this matter.Y ours sincerely,亲爱的摩根先生，我们参阅了贵方２０００年１０月２日的说明书．我们希望了解说明书第１５页列的１０８０号产品的更详细的资料，贵方能否提供此产品的规格、价格、交付及其它相关资料以便我们能进一步评价此产品？由于我们要在10月25日召开内部会议，决定购买哪家公司的产品，所以请在11日前回复，希望贵方紧急处理此事。

外贸英语信件范本1. 向顾客推销商品Dear Sir: May 1, 2001Inquiries regarding our new product, the Deer Mountain Bike, have been coming in from all parts of the world. Reports from users confirm what we knew before it was put on the market - that it is the best mountain bike available. Enclosed is our brochure.Yours faithfully2. 提出询价Dear Sir: Jun.1, 2001We received your promotional letter and brochure today. We believe that your would do well here in the U.S.A. Kindly send us further details of your prices and terms of sale. We ask you to make every effort to quote at competitive prices in order to secure our business. We look forward to hearing from you soon..Truly3. 迅速提供报价Dear Sir: June 4, 2001Thank you for your inquiry of June the 1st concerning the Deer Mountain Bike. It gives us great pleasure to send along the technical information on the model together with the catalog and price list. After studying the prices and terms of trade, you will understand why we are working to capacity to meet the demand. We look forward to the opportunity of being of service of you.Truly4. 如何讨价还价Dear Sir: June 8, 2001We have received your price lists and have studied it carefully. However, the price level in your quotation is too high for this market, If you are prepared to grant us a discount of 10% for a quantity of 200, we would agree to your offer. You should note that some price cut will justify itself by an increase in business. We hope to hear from you soon.Yours truly5-1 同意进口商的还价Dear Sirs: June 12, 2001Thank you for your letter of June the 8th. We have accepted your offer on the terms suggested. Enclosed our will find a special price list that we believe will meet your ideas of prices. You should note that the recent advances in raw materials have affected the cost of this product unfavorably. However, for your order we have kept our prices down.Sincerely5-2 拒绝进口商的还价Dear Sirs: June 12, 2001Thank you for your letter of June the 8th. We regret that we cannot meet your terms. We must point out that the falling market here leaves us little or no margin of profit. We must ask you for a keener price in respect to future orders. At present the best discount offered for a quantity of 200 is 5%. Our current situation leaves us little room to bargain. We hope you will reconsider the offer.Truly6. 正式提出订单Dear Sir: June 15, 2001We have discussed your offer of 5% and accept it on the terms quoted. We are prepared to give your product a trial, provided you can guarantee delivery on or before the 20th of September. The enclosed order is given strictly on this condition. We reserve the right of refusal of delivery and/or cancellation of the order after this date.Truly7. 确认订单Dear Sir: June 20, 2001Thank you very much for your order of June 15 for 200 Deer Mountain Bikes. We will make every possible effort to speed up delivery. We will advise you of the date of dispatch. We are at your service at all times.Sincerely8. 请求开立信用证Gentlemen: June 18, 2001Thank you for your order No. 599. In order to execute it, please open an irrevocable L/C for the amount of US$ 50,000 in our favor. This account shall be available until Sep. 20. Upon arrival of the L/C we will pack and ship the order as requested.Sincerely9. 通知已开立信用证Dear Sir: June 24, 2001Thank you for your letter of June 18 enclosing details of your terms. According to your request for opening an irrevocable L/C, we have instructed the Beijing City Commercial Bank to open a credit for US$ 50,000 in your favor, valid until Sep. 20. Please advise us by fax when the order has been executed.Sincerely10. 请求信用证延期Dear Sir：Sep. 1, 2001We are sorry to report that in spite of our effort, we are unable to guarantee shipment by the agreed date due to a strike at our factory. We are afraid that your L/C will be expire before shipment. Therefore, please explain our situation to your customers and secure their consent to extend the L/C to Sept.30.Sincerely11. 同意更改信用证Gentlemen: Sept. 5, 2001We received your letter today and have informed our customers of your situation. As requested, we have instructed the Beijing City Commercial Bank to extend the L/C up to and including September 30. Please keep us abreast of any new development.Sincerely。

外贸英语函电作文齐头式Dear Sir/Madam,。

We are writing to express our interest in establishing a business relationship with your company. We have learned about your company's reputation in the international market and believe that we can work together to achieve mutual benefits.Our company, ABC Trading Co., Ltd., specializes in the import and export of various products. We have been in the business for over a decade and have established a strong network of suppliers and customers around the world. Our main products include electronics, textiles, and machinery, and we are always looking for new and innovative products to add to our portfolio.We are particularly interested in your company's range of products and believe that they would be a great addition to our product line. We would like to request a copy ofyour latest product catalog and price list, as well as any other relevant information that you may have.In addition, we would like to know more about your company's terms and conditions for doing business,including payment terms, delivery times, and minimum order quantities. We are committed to building a long-term partnership with your company and would like to ensure that we are both on the same page when it comes to these important details.If you are interested in exploring the possibility of working together, please do not hesitate to contact us. We look forward to hearing from you soon and hope that we can establish a fruitful business relationship in the near future.Thank you for considering our proposal.Sincerely,。

网络资源在外贸类课程教学中的应用—— 以福步外贸论坛为例河北金融学院 赵向阁 熊晓轶摘 要：在网络极其发达的今天，如何有效利用网络及网络带来的大量信息与我们的学习、工作、生活息息相关。

本文探讨了外贸类课程利用网络资源开展教学的必要性，并以福步外贸论坛为例，介绍了网络资源在外贸类课程教学中的应用。

关键词：网络资源 外贸 教学 福步外贸论坛中图分类号：F270 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5800(2010)12(c)-201-02在当今的网络信息时代，网络技术完全改变了人们的生活方式，尤其是学习方式。

网络技术的发展为人们提供了更加广泛快捷的信息服务和更加开放的学习资源环境，网络信息资源除了具备一般信息资源的属性外，还有自身特有的优越性，如内容丰富，形式多样，时代感强；信息获取方便快捷，易于展示且能及时更新；具有共享性和交互性等。

因此，网络信息资源逐渐成为新型的教育资源，如何开发和利用网络资源为教学服务，已成为教师教改研究的主要课题。

1 外贸类课程利用网络资源开展教学的必要性1.1 激发学习兴趣在学习书本知识时，学生经常会感觉空洞、无趣，因为学到的知识得不到应用。

而利用网络资源教学，教师可借助网络为学生创设情境，激发学习兴趣。

例如，外贸论坛上有很多网友把自己在实际业务中遇到的问题发帖求助，教师可以根据学生的知识水平，针对性地选择难度适宜的网友问题让学生回帖。

这样，学生可以运用自己所学的知识帮助网友解决业务问题，在解决这些问题的过程中完成知识和技能的迁移，从而获得学习的满足感和成就感，进一步激起学习的兴趣和愿望。

同时，网络资源在知识的深度和广度上都有很多拓展，内容涵盖外贸领域的方方面面，包括外贸流程、外贸单证、外贸政策、外贸案例等，与课堂教学内容有很强的关联性。

教师可以把各地的教育资源连成一个信息的海洋，使课堂教学不再受一本教材、一本教案的局限，极大地丰富课堂教学内容，使学生的知识体系更加完善。

Part 1, PricesBusiness is closed at this price.交易就按此价敲定。

Your price inacceptable (unacceptable).你方价格可以（不可以）接受。

Your price is feasible (infeasible).你方价格是可行（不可行）的。

Your price is workable.你们出价可行。

Your price is realistic (unrealistic).你方价格合乎实际（不现实）。

Your price is reasonable (unreasonable).你方价格合理（不合理）。

Your price is practicable (impracticable).你方价格是行得通的（行不通）。

Your price is attractive (not attractive).你方价格有吸引力（无吸引力）。

Your price is inducing (not inducing).你方价格有吸引力（无吸引力）。

Your price is convincing (not convincing).你方价格有吸引力（无吸引力）。

Your price is competitive (not competitive).你方价格有竞争力（无竞争力）。

The goods are (not) competitively priced.此货的定价有（无）竞争力。

Words and Phrasesprice 价格，定价，开价priced 已标价的，有定价的pricing 定价，标价priced catalogue 定价目录price of commodities 物价pricing cost 定价成本price card 价格目录pricing method 定价方法price list 定价政策，价格目录，价格单pricing policy 定价政策price format 价格目录，价格表price tag 价格标签，标价条price current (p.c.) 市价表Price is turning high(low) 价格上涨（下跌）。

外贸业务员之英文书信模板七种常见类型Dear Mr. Jones:We understand from your information posted on Alibaba that you are in the market for textiles. We would like to take this opportunity to introduce our company and products, with the hope that we may work with Bright Ideas Imports in the future.We are a joint venture specializing in the manufacture and export of textiles. We have enclosed our catalog, which introduces our company in detail and covers the main products we supply at present. You may also visit our online company introduction at :// xxx which includes our latest product line. Should any of these items be of interest to you, please let us know. We will be happy to give you a quotation upon receipt of your detailed requirements.We look forward to receiving your enquires soon.Sincerely,John RobertsDear Mr. Jones:We have received your letter of 9th April showing your interest in our complete product information.Our product lines mainly include high quality textile products. To give you a general idea of the various kinds of textiles now available for export, we have enclosed a catalogue and a price list. You may also visit our online company introduction at :// xxx which includes our latest product line.We look forward to your specific enquiries and hope to have the opportunity to work together with you in the future.Sincerely,Dear Mr. Jones:We have refreshed our online catalog at :// howseek , and now it covers the latest new products, which are now available from stock.We believe that you will find some attractive additions to our product line. Once you have had time to study the supplement, please let us know if you would like to take the matter further. We would be very happy to send samples to you for close inspection.We will keep you informed on our progress and look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely,Dear Mr. Jones:Thank you for your inquiry of 16 March. We are pleased to hear that you are interested in our product "toaster".We've enclosed the photo and detailed information of the product for your reference:Product: toasterSpecification: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxPackage: 1pcs/boxPrice: 10usd/pcsPayment: L/CFor purchase quantities over 1,000pcs of individual items we would allow you a discount of 1%. Payment is to be made by irrevocable L.C at sight.We look forward to receiving your first order.Sincerely,Dear Mr. Jones:Thank you for your enquiry of 12 March cate 9 cable.We appreciate your efforts in marketing our products and regret very much that we are unableto supply the desired goods due to excessive demand.We would, however, like to take this opportunity to offer the following material as a close substitute: Cate 5, US$__ per meter FOB Shanghai, including your commission 2%.Please visit our catalog at :// xxxxxxxxx for more information on this item. If you find the product acceptable, please email us as soon as possible.Sincerely,Dear Sir or Madam:We know that you are exporters of textile fabrics. We would like you to send us details of your various ranges, including colors and prices, and also samples of the different qualities of material used.We are volume dealers in textiles and believe there is a promising market in our area for moderately priced goods of this kind mentioned. When quoting, please state your terms of payment and discount you would allow on purchases of quantities of not less than 1000 meters of individual items. Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to San Francisco.Sincerely,(a.)Dear Mr. Jones:We thank you for your email enquiry for both groundnuts and Walnutmeat CNF Copenhagen dated February, 21.In reply, we offer firm, subject to your reply reaching us on or before February 26 for 250 metric tons of groundnuts, handpicked,shelled and ungraded at RMB2000 net per metric ton CNF Copenhagen and any other European Main Ports. Shipment to be made within two months after receipt of your order payment by L/C payable by sight draft.Please note that we have quoted our most favorable price and are unable to entertain any counter offer.As you are aware that there has lately been a large demand for the above commodities. Suchgrowing demand will likely result inincreased prices. However you can secure these prices if you send us an immediatereply.Sincerely,(b.)Dear Mr. Jones:We thank you for your letter dated April 8 inquiring about our leather handbags. As requested, we take pleasure in offering you, ubject to our final confirmation, 300 dozen deerskin handbags style No.MS190 at $124.00 per dozen CIF Hamburg.Shipment will be effected within 20 days after receipt of the relevant L/C issued by your first class bank in our favor upon signing Sales Contract.We are manufacturing various kinds of leather purses and waist belts for exportation, and enclosed a brochure of products for your reference. We hope some of them meet your taste and needs.If we can be of any further help, please feel free to let us know. Customers' inquiries are always meet with our careful attention.Sincerely,(c.)Re: SWC SugarDear Sirs,We are in receipt of your letter of July 17, 2002 asking us to offer 10,000 metric tons of the subject sugar for shipment to Japan and appreciate very much your interest in our product.To comply with your request, we are offering you the following:1. Commodity: Qingdao Superior White Crystal Sugar.2. Packing: To be packed in new gunny bag of 100kgs. each.3. Quantity: Ten thousand (10000) metric tons.4. Price: US dollars one hundred and five (US$105.00) per metric ton, Fob Qingdao.5. Payment: 100% by irrevocable and confirmed letter of credit to be opened in our favor through A1 bank in Qingdao and to be drawn at sight.6. Shipment: Three or four weeks after receipt of letter of credit by the first available boat sailing to Yokohama direct.Please note that we do not have much ready stock on hand. Therefore, it is important that, in order to enable us to effect early shipment, your letter of credit should be opened in time if our price meets with your approval.We are awaiting your reply.Sincerely,。

海运术语索引（英文版）AAAAlways Afloat (In some ports the ship aground when approaching, or at berth.)AARAbbreviation for: - Against All Risks (insurance clause). - Association of American Railroads.AbaftA point beyond the midpoint of a ships length, towards the rear orstern.AbandonA proceeding wherein a shipper/consignee seeks authority to abandonall or parts of their cargo.AbatementA discount allowed for damage or overcharge in the payment of a bill.ABIU.S. Customs' "Automated Broker Interface," by which brokers file importers' entries electronically.AboardReferring to cargo being put, or laden, onto a means of conveyance.AbsorptionOne carrier assumes the charges of another without any increase in charges to the shipper.Acceptance- A time draft (or bill of exchange) that the drawee (payer) has accepted and is unconditionally obligated to pay at maturity. - Broadly speaking, any agreement to purchase goods under specified terms.AccessorialCharges Charges that are applied to the base tariff rate or base contract rate, e.g., bunkers, container, currency, destination/delivery.AcquiescenceWhen a bill of lading is accepted or signed by a shipper or shipper'sagent without protest, the shipper is said to acquiesce to the terms, giving a silent form of consent.AcquittanceA written receipt in full, in discharge from all claims.ACS (A.C.S.)U.S. Customs' master computer system, "Automated Commercial Systems."Act of GodAn act beyond human control, such as lightning, flood or earthquake.Ad ValoremA term from Latin meaning, "according to value."Administrative Law JudgeA representative of a government commission or agency vested with power to administer oaths, examine witnesses, take testimony, and conduct hearings of cases submitted to, or initiated by, that agency. Also called Hearing Examiner.Admiralty (Adm.)Refers to marine matters such as an Admiralty Court.AdvanceTo move cargo up line to a vessel leaving sooner than the one booked. (See "Roll.")Advanced ChargeTransportation charge advanced by one carrier to another to be collected by the later carrier from the consignor or consignee.AdventureShipment of goods on shipper's own account. A bill of adventure is a document signed by the master of the ship that carries goods at owner' risk.Advice of ShipmentA notice sent to a local or foreign buyer advising that shipment has gone forward and containing details of packing, routing, etc. A copy of the invoice is often enclosed and, if desired, a copy of the bill of lading.Advising BankA bank operating in the seller's country, that handles letters of credit in behalf of a foreign bank.Affreightment, Contract ofAn agreement by an ocean carrier to provide cargo space on a vessel at a specified time and for a specified price to accommodate an exporter or importer.AftMovement toward the stern (back end) of a ship.Agency TariffA tariff published by an agent on behalf of several carriers.Agent (Agt.)A person authorized to transact business for and in the name of another person or company. Types of agent are: (1) brokers, (2) commission merchants, (3) resident buyers, (4) sales agents, 5) manufacturer's representatives.Aggregate ShipmentNumerous shipments from different shippers to one consignee that are consolidated and treated as a single consignment.Agreed valuationThe value of a shipment agreed upon in order to secure a specific freight rate.Agreed WeightThe weight prescribed by agreement between carrier and shipper for goods shipped in certain packages or in a certain number.A.I.D.Agency for International Development.Air WaybillThe forwarding agreement or carrying agreement between shipper and air carrier and is issued only in nonnegotiable form.All InThe total price to move cargo from origin to destination, inclusive of all charges.A phrase referring to the side of a ship. Goods delivered "alongside" are to be placed on the dock or barge within reach of the transport ship's tackle so that they can be loaded.Alternative RatesPrivilege to use the rate producing the lowest charge.Ambient TemperatureThe temperature of a surrounding body. The ambient temperature of a container is the atmospheric temperature to which it is exposed.American Bureau of ShippingU.S. classification society which certifies seagoing vessels for compliance to standardized rules regarding construction and maintenance.AMSThe U.S. Customs' "Automated Manifest System."Anti-Dumping DutyA tariff imposed to discourage sale of foreign goods, subsidized to sell at low prices detrimental to local manufacturers.Any Quantity (A.Q.)Usually refers to a rating that applies to an article regardless of size or quantity.Apparent Good OrderWhen freight appears to be free of damage so far as a general survey can determine.AppraisementDetermination of the dutiable value of imported merchandise by a Customs official who follows procedures outlined in their country's tariff, such as the U.S. Tariff Act of 1930.Appraiser's StoresThe warehouse or public stores to which samples of imported goods are taken to be inspected, analyzed, weighed, etc. by examiners or appraisers.ArbitraryA stated amount over a fixed rate to one point to make a rate toAverageSee insurance.Arrival NoticeA notification by carrier of ship's arrival to the consignee, the "Notify Party," and - when applicable - the "Also Notify Party." These parties in interest are listed in blocks 3, 4 and 10, respectively, of the Bill of Lading.ASC X12American Standards Committee X12 responsible for developing EDI standards for the United States.AssignmentA term commonly used in connection with a bill of lading. It involves the transfer of rights, title and interest in order to assign goods by endorsing the bill of lading.Astern- Behind a vessel - Move in a reverse direction.A.T.A.American Trucking Association.ATDNSHINCAny time Day or Night Sundays & Holidays Included.AthwartshipsA direction across the width of a vessel.Avoirdupois PoundSame as 0.4535924277 kilograms.AWWLAlways within Institute Warranties Limits (Insurance purpose).The terms in this glossary have been carefully selected from the myriad of terms one can encounter in the shippingbusiness. We hope you will find it useful. This information is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S.Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof nor does it endorse products.BBBBallast Bonus (Special payment above the Chartering price when the ship has to sail a long way on ballast to reach the loading port.)BBBareboat (Method of chartering of the ship leaving the charterer with almost all the responsibilities of the owner.)B/LAbbreviation for "Bill of Lading."BackhaulTo haul a shipment back over part of a route it has traveled.BAFAbbreviation for "Bunker Adjustment Factor." Used to compensate steamship lines for fluctuating fuel costs. Sometimes called "Fuel Adjustment Factor" or FAF.Balloon FreightLight, bulky articles.Bank GuaranteeGuarantee issued by a bank to a carrier to be used in lieu of lost or misplaced original negotiable bill of lading.BarratryAn act committed by the master or mariners of a vessel, for some unlawful or fraudulent purpose, contrary to their duty to the owners, whereby the latter sustain injury. It may include negligence, if so gross as to evidence fraud.Barrel (BBL)A term of measure referring to 42 gallons of liquid at 60o F.Base RateA tariff term referring to ocean rate less accessorial charges, or simply the base tariff rate.BCOAbbreviation for "Beneficial Cargo Owner." Refers to the importer of record, who physically takes possession of cargo at destination and does not act as a third party in the movement of such goods.BeamThe width of a ship.Belt LineA switching railroad operating within a commercial area.Beneficiary- Entity to whom money is payable.- The entity for whom a letter of credit is issued.- The seller and the drawer of a draft.Berth TermsShipped under rate that includes cost from end of ship's tackle at load port to end of ship's tackle at discharge port.BeyondUsed with reference to charges assessed for cargo movement past a line-haul terminating point.BilateralA contract term meaning both parties agree to provide something for the other.Bill of ExchangeIn the United States, commonly known as a "Draft." However, bill of exchange is the correct term.Bill of Lading (B/L)A document that establishes the terms of a contract between a shipper and a transportation company. It serves as a document of title, a contract of carriage and a receipt for goods.- Amended B/L: B/L requiring updates that do not change financial status; this is slightly different from corrected B/L.- B/L Terms & Conditions: the fine print on B/L; defines what the carrier can and cannot do, including the carrier's liabilities and contractual agreements.- B/L's Status: represents whether the bill of lading has been input, rated, reconciled, printed, or released to the customer.- B/L's Type: refers to the type of B/L being issued. Some examples are: a Memo (ME), Original (OBL), Nonnegotiable, Corrected (CBL) or Amended (AM) B/L.- Canceled B/L: B/L status; used to cancel a processed B/L; usually per shipper's request; different from voided B/L.- Clean B/L: A B/L which bears no superimposed clause or notation which declares a defective condition of the goods and/or the packaging.- Combined B/L: B/L that covers cargo moving over various transports.- Consolidated B/L: B/L combined or consolidated from two or more B/L's.- Corrected B/L: B/L requiring any update which results in money or other financially related changes.- Domestic B/L: Non-negotiable B/L primarily containing routing details; usually used by truckers and freight forwarders.- Duplicate B/L: Another original Bill of Lading set if first set is lost. also known as reissued B/L.- Express B/L: Non-negotiable B/L where there are no hard copies of originals printed.- Freight B/L: A contract of carriage between a shipper and forwarder (who is usually a NVOCC); a non-negotiable document.- Government B/L (GBL): A bill of lading issued by the U.S. government.- Hitchment B/L: B/L covering parts of a shipment which are loaded at more than one location. Hitchment B/L usually consists of two parts, hitchment and hitchment memo. The hitchment portion usually covers the majority of a divided shipment and carries the entire revenue.- House B/L: B/L issued by a freight forwarder or consolidator covering a single shipment containing the names, addresses and specific description of the goods shipped.- Intermodal B/L: B/L covering cargo moving via multimodal means. Also known as Combined Transport B/L, or Multimodal B/L.- Long Form B/L: B/L form with all Terms & Conditions written on it. Most B/L's are short form which incorporate the long form clauses by reference.- Memo B/L: Unfreighted B/L with no charges listed.- Military B/L: B/L issued by the U.S. military; also known as GBL, or Form DD1252.- B/L Numbers: U.S. Customs' standardized B/L numbering format to facilitate electronic communications and to make each B/L number unique.- Negotiable B/L: The B/L is a title document to the goods, issued "to the order of" a party, usually the shipper, whose endorsement is required to effect is negotiation. Thus, a shipper's order (negotiable) B/L can be bought, sold, or traded while goods are in transit and is commonly used for letter-of-credit transactions. The buyer must submit the original B/L to the carrier in order to take possession of thegoods.- Non-Negotiable B/L: See Straight B/L. Sometimes means a file copy of a B/L.- "Onboard" B/L: B/L validated at the time of loading to transport. Onboard Air, Boxcar, Container, Rail, Truck and Vessel are the most common types.- Optional Discharge B/L: B/L covering cargo with more than one discharge point option possibility.- "Order" B/L: See Negotiable B/L.- Original B/L: The part of the B/L set that has value, especially when negotiable; rest of set are only informational file copies. Abbreviated as OBL.- Received for Shipment B/L: Validated at time cargo is received by ocean carrier to commence movement but before being validated as "Onboard".- Reconciled B/L: B/L set which has completed a prescribed number of edits between the shippers instructions and the actual shipment received. This produces a very accurate B/L. - Short Term B/L: Opposite of Long Form B/L, a B/L without the Terms & Conditions written on it. Also known as a Short Form B/L. The terms are incorporated by reference to the long form B/L.- Split B/L: One of two or more B/L's which have been split from a single B/L.- Stale B/L: A late B/L; in banking, a B/L which has passed the time deadline of the L/C and is void.- Straight (Consignment) B/L: Indicates the shipper will deliver the goods to the consignee. It does not convey title (non-negotiable). Most often used when the goods have been pre-paid.- "To Order" B/L: See Negotiable B/L.- Unique B/L Identifier: U.S. Customs' standardization: four-alpha code unique to each carrier placed in front of nine digit B/L number; APL's unique B/L Identifier is "APLU". Sea-land uses "SEAU". These prefixes are also used as the container identification.-Voided B/L: Related to Consolidated B/L; those B/L's absorbed in the combining process. Different from Canceled B/L.Bill of Lading Port of DischargePort where cargo is discharged from means of transport.Bill of SaleConfirms the transfer of ownership of certain goods to another person in return for money paid or loaned.Bill to PartyCustomer designated as party paying for services.Billed WeightThe weight shown in a waybill and freight bill, i.e, the invoiced weight.Blanket BondA bond covering a group of persons, articles or properties.Blanket Rate- A rate applicable to or from a group of points.- A special rate applicable to several different articles in a single shipment.Blanket WaybillA waybill covering two or more consignments of freight.Blind ShipmentA B/L wherein the paying customer has contracted with the carrier that shipper or consignee information is not given.Block StowageStowing cargo destined for a specific location close together to avoid unnecessary cargo movement.Blocked TrainsRailcars grouped in a train by destination so that segments (blocks) can be uncoupled and routed to different destinations as the train moves through various junctions. Eliminates the need to break up a train and sort individual railcars at each junction.Blocking or BracingWood or metal supports (Dunnage) to keep shipments in place to prevent cargo shifting.Bls.Abbreviation for "Bales."BoardTo gain access to a vessel.Board FeetThe basic unit of measurement for lumber. One board foot is equal to a oneinch board, 12 inches wide and one foot long. Thus, a board tenfeet long, 12 inches wide, and one inch thick contains ten board feet.BobtailMovement of a tractor, without trailer, over the highway.BogieA set of wheels built specifically as rear wheels under the container.BolsterA device fitted on a chassis or railcar to hold and secure the container.Bond PortPort of initial Customs entry of a vessel to any country. Also known as First Port of Call.Bonded FreightFreight moving under a bond to U.S. Customs or to the Internal Revenue Service, and to be delivered only under stated conditions.Bonded WarehouseA warehouse authorized by Customs authorities for storage of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are removed.BookingArrangements with a carrier for the acceptance and carriage of freight;i.e., a space reservation.Booking NumberReservation number used to secure equipment and act as a control number prior to completion of a B/L.Bottom Side RailsStructural members on the longitudinal sides of the base of the container.Bottom-Air DeliveryA type of air circulation in a temperature control container. Air is pulled by a fan from the top of the container, passed through the evaporator coil for cooling, and then forced through the space under the load and up through the cargo. This type of airflow provides even temperatures.BowThe front of a vessel.BoxcarA closed rail freight car.Break Bulk- To unload and distribute a portion or all of the contents of a rail car, container, or trailer.- Loose, non-containerized cargo.Broken Stowage- The loss of space caused by irregularity in the shape of packages.- Any void or empty space in a vessel or container not occupied by cargo.BrokerA person who arranges for transportation of loads for a percentage of the revenue from the load.BrokerageFreight forwarder/broker compensation as specified by ocean tariff or contract.Bulk CargoNot in packages or containers; shipped loose in the hold of a ship without mark and count." Grain, coal and sulfur are usually bulk freight.Bulk-Freight ContainerA container with a discharge hatch in the front wall; allows bulk commodities to be carried.Bulkhead- A partition separating one part of a ship, freight car, aircraft or truck from another part.Bull RingsCargo-securing devices mounted in the floor of containers; allow lashing and securing of cargo.Bunker ChargeAn extra charge sometimes added to steamship freight rates; justified by higher fuel costs. (Also known as Fuel Adjustment Factor or FAF.)BunkersA Maritime term referring to Fuel used aboard the ship. Coal stowage areas aboard a vessel in the past were in bins or bunkers.Bridge PointAn inland location where cargo is received by the ocean carrier and then moved to a coastal port for loading.Bridge PortA port where cargo is received by the ocean carrier and stuffed into containers but then moved to another coastal port to be waded on a vessel.The terms in this glossary have been carefully selected from the myriad of terms one can encounter in the shipping business. We hope you will find it useful.This information is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof nor does it endorse products.CC&F Terms of Sale, or INCOTERMS.Obsolete, albeit heavily used, term of sale meaning "cargo and freight" whereby Seller pays for cost of goods and freight charges up to destination port. In July, 1990 the International Chamber of Commerce replaced C&F with CFR.CabotageWater transportation term applicable to shipments between ports of a nation; commonly refers to coast-wise or inter-coastal navigation or trade. Many nations, including the United States, have cabotage laws which require national flag vessels to provide domestic interport service.CAFAbbreviation for "Currency Adjustment Factor." A charge, expressed as a percentage of a base rate, that is applied to compensate ocean carriers of currency fluctuations.CarnetA Customs document permitting the holder to temporarily carry or send merchandise into certain foreign countries (for display, demonstration or similar purposes) without paying duties or posting bonds. Any of various Customs documents required for crossing some international borders.Captain's ProtestA document prepared by the captain of a vessel on arriving at port; shows conditions encountered during voyage, generally for the purpose of relieving ship owner of any loss to cargo and shifting responsibility for reimbursement to the insurance company.CarfloatA barge equipped with tracks on which up to about 12 railroad cars are moved in harbors or inland waterways.Car PoolingUse of individual carrier/rail equipment through a central agency for the benefit of carriers and shippers.Car SealMetal strip and lead fastener used for locking freight car or truck doors. Seals are numbered for record purposes.CargoFreight loaded into a ship.Cargo ManifestA manifest that lists all cargo carried on a specific vessel voyage.Cargo NOSCargo Not Otherwise Specified. Usually the rate entry in a tariff that can apply to commodities not covered under a specific item or subitem in the applicable tariff.Cargo PreferenceCargo reserved by a Nation's laws for transportation only on vessels registered in that Nation. Typically the cargo is moving due to a direct or indirect support or activity of the Government.Cargo TonnageMost ocean freight is billed on the basis of weight or measurement tons (W/M). Weight tons can be expressed in short tons of 2000 pounds, long tons of 2240 pounds or metric tons of 1000 kilos (2204.62 pounds). Measurement tons are usually expressed as cargo measurement of 40 cubic feet (1.12 meters) or cubic meters (35.3 cubic feet.)Carload RateA rate applicable to a carload of goods.CarrierAny person or entity who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of carriage by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway or by a combination of such modes.Carrier's CertificateA certificate required by U.S. Customs to release cargo properly to the correct party.CartageUsually refers to intracity hauling on drays or trucks.CartmentCustoms form permitting inbond cargo to be moved from one location to another under Customs control, within the same Customs district. Usually in motor carrier's possession while draying cargo.Cash Against Documents (CAD)Method of payment for goods in which documents transferring title are given the buyer upon payment of cash to an intermediary acting for the seller, usually a commission house.Cash in Advance (CIA)A method of payment for goods in which the buyer pays the seller in advance of the shipment of goods. Usually employed when the goods, such as specialized machinery, are built to order.Cash With Order (CWO)A method of payment for goods in which cash is paid at the time of order and the transaction becomes binding on both buyer and seller.CBM (CM)Abbreviation for "Cubic Meter."CEAbbreviation for "Consumption Entry." The process of declaring the importation of foreignmade goods for use in the United States.CellsThe construction system employed in container vessels; permits ship containers to be stowed in a vertical line with each container supporting the one above it.Center of GravityThe point of equilibrium of the total weight of a containership, truck, train or a piece of cargo.Certificate- A document certifying that merchandise (such as of Inspection perishable goods) was in good condition immediately prior to its shipment.- The document issued by the U.S. Coast Guard certifying an American flag vessel's compliance with applicable laws and regulations.Certificate of OriginA certified document showing the origin of goods; used in international commerce.CFSAbbreviation for "Container Freight Station." A shipping dock where cargo is loaded ("stuffed") into or unloaded ("stripped") from containers. Generally, this involves less than containerload shipments, although small shipments destined to same consignee are often consolidated. Container reloading from/to rail or motor carrier equipment is a typical activity.Charter PartyA written contract between the owner of a vessel and the person desiring to employ the vessel (charterer); sets forth the terms of the arrangement such as duration of agreement, freight rate and ports involved in the trip.ChassisA frame with wheels and container locking devices in order to secure the container for movement.ChockA piece of wood or other material placed at the side of cargo to prevent rolling or moving sideways.CIAbbreviation for "Cost and Insurance." A price that includes the cost of the goods, the marine insurance and all transportation charges except the ocean freight to the named point of destination.CIFAbbreviation for "Cost, Insurance, Freight." (Named Port) Same as C&F or CFR except seller also provides insurance to named destination.CIF&CPrice includes commission as well as CIF.CIF&EAbbreviation for "Cost, Insurance, Freight And Exchange."CIFCIAbbreviation for "Cost, Insurance, Freight, Collection And Interest."CIFI&ECost, Insurance, Freight, Interest and Exchange.CKDAbbreviation for "Completely Knocked Down." Parts and subassemblies being transported to an assembly plant.CLAbbreviation for "Carload" and "Containerload".ClaimA demand made upon a transportation line for payment on account of a loss sustained through its alleged negligence.ClassificationA publication,such as Uniform Freight Classification (railroad) or the National Motor Freight Classification (motor carrier), that assigns ratings to various articles and provides bill of lading descriptions and rules.Classification RatingThe designation provided in a classification by which a class rate is determined.Classification Y ardA railroad yard with many tracks used for assembling freight trains.Clayton ActAn antitrust act of the U.S. Congress making price discrimination unlawful.Clean Bill of LadingA receipt for goods issued by a carrier with an indication that the goods were received in "apparent good order and condition," without damage or other irregularities. If no notation or exception is made, the B/L is assumed to be "cleaned."Cleaning in TransitThe stopping of articles, such as peanuts, etc., for cleaning at a point between the point of origin and destination.ClearanceThe size beyond which cars or loads cannot use Limits bridges, tunnels, etc.CleatA strip of wood or metal used to afford additional strength, to prevent warping, or to hold in place.Clip-OnRefrigeration equipment attachable to an insulated container that does not have its own refrigeration unit.CMAbbreviation for "Cubic Meter" (capital letters).cmAbbreviation for "centimeter."CoastwiseWater transportation along the coast.CODAbbreviation for:- Collect (cash) on Delivery.- Carried on Docket (pricing).COFCAbbreviation for the Railway Service "Container On Flat Car."COGSACarriage of Goods by Sea Act. U.S. federal codification passed in 1936 which standardizes carrier's liability under carrier's bill of lading. U.S. enactment of The Hague Rules.CollectingA bank that acts as an agent to the seller's bank (the presenting bank). The collecting bank assumes no responsibility for either the documents or the merchandise.CollectionA draft drawn on the buyer, usually accompanied by documents, with complete instructions concerning processing for payment or acceptance.Combination Export Mgr.A firm that acts as an export sales agent for more than one noncompeting manufacturer.。