Abstract
①In recent year, most of the established dynamic mathematic models for steam accumulators have been established based on the lumped parameter method.
②However, a non-equilibrium thermodynamic model for a steam catapul t’s steam accumulator have not been published. ③Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to introduce an evaporation relaxation time by the mass and energy conservation of steam and water. ④The research is used through testing with a lab-based steam accumulator system, which is also used to determine the key coefficients for the mathematical model. The influence of key parameters on the charging performance of the steam accumulator analysis of the non-equilibrium thermodynamic process of the steam accumulator. ⑤In conclusion,the main driving force of the macroscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamic process of a steam accumulator is the energy potential difference between the current and the saturated state, increasing the water filling coefficient of the steam accumulator improves its energy storage, but has a negative impact on the cycle time of the system. The charged steam flow has a stronger influence on the water temperature distribution of the steam catapult’s steam accumulator than the steam enthalpy, and plays a leading role when the charging energy per unit time is constant.
最近几年，在集总参数法的基础上，学术界建立了许多蒸汽储存器的动态数学模型。但是，对于蒸汽弹射器的储汽筒，并没有建立有关的非平衡热力学模型。因此，本文通过蒸汽和水的质量和能量守恒引入一个蒸发弛豫时间。我们搭建了一个蒸汽蓄热器实验系统来进行测试研究，确定数学模型的关键系数。研究关键参数对储汽筒充汽过程的影响，进一步分析储汽筒的非平衡热力学过程。总之，储汽筒的宏观非平衡热力学过程的主要驱动力是水和汽之间的能量势差。增加储汽筒的水填充系数可以提高它的能量存储，但是对储能周期时间有负面影响。充入储汽筒中的蒸汽流对筒内水温分布的影响比蒸汽的焓对水温分布的影响要大很多。并且，在单位时间充入筒内能量恒定时，起着主要作用。
江苏大学XXXX级研究生期末考试卷样卷 课程：英语学术论文写作时间：XXXX 1. What are the general linguistic features of English academic writing?(10%） A1: There are eight main features that are often discussed to represent the style of academic writing: complex, formal, objective, explicit, accurate, hedged, responsible and making reference to other writers’ work. 2. Compare the stylistic features of the following two passages . (15%) (1) With the maid holding the umbrella over her, she walked along the gravel path until she was under their window. The table was there, washed bright green in the rain, but the cat was gone. She was suddenly disappointed. The maid looked up at her. “Ha perduto qualque cosa, Signora? [Have you lost something, Madam?]” “There was a cat,” said the? American girl. “A cat?” “Si, il gatto. [Yes, a cat.]” “A cat?” the maid laughed. “A cat in the rain?” “Yes,” she said, “under the table.” Then: “Oh. I wanted it so much. I wanted a kitty.” When she spoke English the maid’s face tightened. “Come, Signora,” she said. “We must get back inside. You will be wet.” “I suppose so,” said the American girl. They went back along the gravel path and passed in the door. The maid stayed outside to close the umbrella. As the American girl passed the office, the padrone bowed from his desk. Something felt very small and tight inside the girl. The padrone made her feel very small and at the same time
前沿学术英语论文题目参考 学术英语即专家学者、教授学生在学术论文研究与写作中使用的英语，学术英语具有科学严谨性，用词考究，论文写作中应避免英语口语化。接下来跟着小编一起来看看学术英语论文题目有哪些。 1、浅议系统功能语言学理论指导下的英语专业学术论文摘要的翻译 2、“教学学术”视角下开放大学英语教师专业发展的思考 3、课程生态需求分析模式下的“学术英语”课程定位 4、CBI理论视域下学术英语读写教学研究 5、基于微课的通用学术英语写作课翻转课堂教学模式设计与实践 6、基于课堂读写任务的学术英语写作引用特征研究 7、基于语类的英语学术论文写作教学路径研究--以“文献综述”写作教学为例 8、基于需求分析学术英语教学模式 9、学术英语阅读能力的界定与培养 10、学术英语的词块教学法研究 11、英语专业本科毕业论文学术失范现象的成因与对策 12、浅析批判性思维下大学学术英语课程模块的构建
13、关于中文学术期刊使用英语的规范性问题 14、医学学术英语口语课程构建的探索 15、学术英语写作中词汇衔接探究 16、学习者学术英语写作中的引用行为研究 17、浅探理工院校学术英语改革实践 18、学术论文写作中的英语负迁移现象研究 19、学术英语写作教学体系的构建与实践 20、学术英语口头报告对批判性思维的影响探究 21、“学术读写素养”范式与学术英语写作课程设计 22、中国高校学术英语存在理论依据探索 23、学术英语教育对大学生就业的影响研究 24、学术道德教育和学术英语能力一体化培养 25、非英语专业研究生学术英语交际能力现状与对策研究--以延安大学为例 26、关于研究生学术英语教学定位研究 27、理工科学术英语视野下的批判性思维能力培植 28、面向学术英语的实验平台建构与探索 29、学术英语有效教学 30、学术英语写作课程环境下的写前计划效应探究 31、元话语视角下英语学术论文中的转述动词与语类结构研究 32、基于自建语料库的学术英语中语块结构的研究 33、以学术英语为新定位的大学英语教学转型问题的对策研究
大学英语过程写作林娟（排错版） Week 1 1 Why is brainstorming important? A、It allows writers to analyze the writing prompt and organize their thoughts. B、It contributes to unity and coherence of writing because it allows writers to map out their ideas. C、all of the above D、none of the above 我的答案：C 2 At what point in the writing process should we brainstorm? A、at the beginning B、at the beginning C、at the end D、in the middle E、always 我的答案：A 3 What are 6 types of brainstorming? A、listing, clustering, t-chart, freewriting
B、listing, clustering, cubing, freewriting, looping, t-chart C、freewriting, mapping, cubing, q-chart, looping, listing D、organizing, listing, looping, freecharting, cubing, t-chart E、organizing, cubing, researching, q-chart, freelisting, looping 我的答案：A 4 In which situation would a T Chart be the most effective form of brainstorming? A、when creating formulating an argument B、when showing the cause and effect of a situation C、when comparing two things D、both answers a and c E、Do not judge your ideas at the beginning. Simply just get your ideas out. 我的答案：D Week 2 1 Outlining is ( ) in the writing process. A、the first stage B、the second stage C、the third stage D、the fourth stage 我的答案：B
Unit 2 Initiating Research Objectives - Understand what a research is - Become aware of two language features of academic writing - Initiate your research Contents - Reading and discussion: What is a research? - Language focus: personal pronoun and nominalization - Writing practice: topic selection; focus formulating; a working title; outlining - Research practice: start the research 1.Reading Activity This unit aims to describe what a research is, bring you an awareness of two language features of academic writing, and finally help you initiate a research of your own. 1.1 Pre-reading Task Before you learn the detailed steps to initiate a research, please discuss the following questions: What is the purpose of initiating a research? How do you select the topic? What kind of topic can be studied?
专业英语写作考点总结 part ? academic english writing （专业英语写作）chapter 1 six considerations in academic writing 1、academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose, organization, style, flow and presentation. （学术写作六要素：写作对象，目的，组织结构，文体特征，表达连贯和宣讲或宣读）。 2、organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部 分 (1) description of a situation （描述情况） (2) identification of a problem （甄别问题） (3) description of a solution （描述解决方法） (4) evaluation of the solution （评估解决方法） 3、formal grammar style：（正规的语法风格） (1) generally avoid contractions （一般来讲避免使用略缩词） 例：won’t改为will not (2) use the more appropriate formal negative forms （使用更为适宜的正规的否定 形式） 例：not...any改为nonot...much改为little not...many改为few (3) limit the use of “run-on” expressions, such as and so forth and etc. （限 制使用多个词连用的表达法） 例：句子内不能出现and so forth和etc.出现时应将省略的部分扩展出来。 (4) avoid addressing the reader as you(except, of course, if you are writing a textbook or other instructional materials).（避免向读者说“你”）例：you can see the results in table 1. 改为：the results can be seen in table 1. 改为： it is necessary to consider how costs may be lowered. 或者 we now need to consider how costs may be lowered. (6) place adverb within the verb. （将副词放于动词词组内）例：this model was developed by krugman originally. 改为：this model was originally developed by krugman. (7) consider whether you should split infinitives.（考虑是否该使用割裂不定式）例：we need to adequately meet the needs of those enrolled in the program. (8) aim for an efficient use of words. （目的是为了有效地使用词汇）例：there are some inorganic materials that can be used by bioengineers in the process of tissue engineering that have been shown to be very promising. 改为：some inorganic materials used in tissue engineering have shown great promise. 习题： （1）you can use this model to analyze the effects of several parameter changes. 错误：使用了you。 改为：this model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes. （2）ok, what are the reasons that coffee prices have fallen? there’re a lot of possibilities. 错误：使用了口语ok；直接引语的使用；使用了缩略词there’re。
ANSWER KEY Part One: Essay Writing 1 An Introduction to Writing Activity (Point and Support in a Paragraph), pages 5–6 Point: There are drawbacks to moviegoing. Support: 1. Inconvenience b. Long time to find parking spot and long walk to theater d. Sticky floor 3. Other moviegoers a. Running kids b. Laughing, shouting teenagers Activity (Introductory Paragraph), 8 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. a. Inconvenience of going out b. Temptations of the theater c. Behavior of some patrons Activity (Body: Supporting Paragraphs), 9–10 1. To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle of the evening. 2. b. Parking lot is always jammed d. Tickets may sell out, and theater is crowded e. Tickets cost up to $8 each 3. Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need. 4. b. 2) chocolate bars 3) Milk Duds 5. Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand. 6. a. Little kids race up and down the aisles b. Teenagers talk back to the screen, whistle, make funny noises Activity (Concluding Paragraph), 10 1. a 2. c Review Activities, 18–20 Answers will vary. 2 The Writing Process Activities (Freewriting, Questioning, Making a List, Clustering, Scratch Outline), 25–31
大学英语作文地写作注意要点正如下文所示，我们不仅仅要注意正确地笔顺，还应该注意字体地倾斜度以及字符间距，这样是为了写出工整地英语语句，很多地阅卷老师也可以更好地对于我们地写作做出客观地判断，请看下文地具体描述. . 写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺，字迹要清楚.如字母，应先写竖笔再写横杠，但是很多人却常常笔画连接起来写，结果导致字母扭成了一个麻花.文档来自于网络搜索. 书写大学英语作文时要注意字体倾斜度和字母上下差距.由于中文书写地方正性，许多中国英语学习者在书写英文时不习惯倾斜一定地角度，这一点希望能够注意.文档来自于网络搜索 . 注意字符间距.另外，书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定地距离，不能紧靠在一起.不该空格地地方不应出现空白，以免引起理解错误.文档来自于网络搜索 大学英语作文地写作注意要点正如上文所示，大家在看过了这些内容后，相信日后就可以更好地把这些学习方法铭记于心了.一旦大家在意识到了这些问题后，在书写地时候也可以变得更为规范了，这样就不用担心因为书写问题而丢分了.文档来自于网络搜索 一般在写大学英语作文地时候，我们也经常会感觉到犯难，想要解决这样地问题，那么我们就不得不到下面地文章中去多做一些判断，这样一来，才能更好地获得英语方面地能力.文档来自于网络搜索 大学英语作文地单词移行方法正如下文所示，大家在看过了这样内容和问题后，自己自然就会对于这些问题有了新地把握.而下面地文章中针对移行地问题也给出了解读方向，接下来我们就到下面地文章中去看一下到底该如何是好吧.文档来自于网络搜索在移行时，我们还应特别注意以下几点: . 单音节词不能移行，如就不可以移行，即使是字母较多地单音节词，如等也不能例外.文档来自于网络搜索 ．缩略词如.，.，. 等不能和后面地名字或内容拆开移行.错误地例子为：缩略地专用名词如．.，．．等也不能拆开移行.例如：. . 这样地移行方法就是不符合规范地.文档来自于网络搜索 . 度量衡单位不能分开移行.如：. . 应写在一行内，不能将：和．．分开移行；写°时，不能将和°分为两行.错误地例子是：°文档来自于网络搜索 . 由"年、月、日"表示地日期，如果必须分开移行只能将"月、日"与"年"分开.如，不能将和分开移行，但可以把，和分成两行.请看正确地示范：, .文档来自于网络搜索. 含双写辅音字母地单词，在移行时要将辅音字母拆开. 大学英语作文地单词移行方法正如上文所示，相信大家在看过了这些问题后，也会在日后写作地时候有了新地认知，面对一些单词地简写方式以及缩略词使用方式时，内容来自美联学习网自己也可以有了新地了解，那么日后大家就好好地加以把握吧.文档来自于网络搜索 当大家在接触大学英语作文地时候，自己地心中也往往会有所犯难，想要顺利地解决这类问题，那么我们也要从中做出一些分析和努力，请看下面地文章内容描述和介绍吧.文档来自于网络搜索 图画类地大学英语作文要如何写好呢？下面地文章中也给出了一些表述，比如要注意重点描述图画内容、阐明观点以及在尾段地写作时，自己也可以加入提出建议地方式，这样一来，就可以让整片写作内容有了很多地亮点，请看下文吧.文档来自于网络搜索第一段，重点描述图画内容.这点在题干中也有强调( ).对图画内容地描述可以引用图画中人物地对话.简要描述即可，不用发散或挖掘.文档来自于网络搜索第二段，阐明观点.而观点在题干中事实上给得很清楚：. 这进一步说明仔细审清题干比看懂图画中地对话更重要.阐明大学英语作文地观点之后地思路与一般地六级提纲型写作一致，如我们一般在课上所提地，可以先举例说明现象、然后再探讨导致现象地原
Unit 1 Understanding Academic English Objectives: - Learn the purpose of this course - Get to understand different voices that people often use in their communication - Understand features of academic English - Build your learning ability via the Internet - Meet your teacher and new classmates Contents - Teacher’s introduction - Reading and discussion: How’s your voice? - Language focus: word choice, and structural complexity - Writing practice: understanding different styles - Rewriting practice: consolidating academic English writing skills - Classroom extension: Internet survey on features of academic English
1.Reading Activity 1.1 Pre-reading Task Do you know how to write a paper with an academic voice? Most Chinese students use only the casual voice for their daily life purposes, which does not fit the academic writing style. When you can learn to use an academic voice and a formal writing style, you will gain authority and respect for yourself as a researcher as well as a research writer. Read the following three texts with different kinds of voice and tell what they differ in. 1.2 Reading Passage HOW’S YOUR VOICE? Casual Voice Hey, dude, no way you can sit here! Huzzah! We won! We beat ‘em! Ha! Blue Vampires. They think they’re so great. We showed ‘em. Go Aardvarks! Yuck! I hate broccoli with those nasty, stinkin’ mush-rooms. Why do we gotta have these things again, man?! www, we gotta cancel the Consultative Voice You’re not allowed to sit in this area, because it’s a safety concern. I’m so glad for our team, the great Fighting Aardvarks, and now together we celebrate this victory. I’d prefer not to have this particular vegetable again, if it’s possible. Does anyone really enjoy this combination of mushrooms and broccoli? It’s possible that our party might have to be postponed or canceled because of the Academic Voice This area must be kept clear for foot traffic. The Fighting Aardvarks claimed victory over the Blue Vampires in the final round tonight. Both teams competed well and the fans are enthusiastic. Very few people enjoy this broccoli and mushroom dish. Therefore, it will not be served again within this calendar year, or the servers will be killed. Due to the inclement weather, the Annual Tattoo Party will not
计算机科学与技术本科专业人才培养方案 Computer Science and Technology （专业代码：080901） 一、专业简介 青岛理工大学计算机科学与技术专业始建于1994年，2007年被评为校级特色专业。学科建设一直是专业发展的有力支撑，2003年获得计算机应用技术专业硕士学位授予权，2004年计算机应用技术专业被评为校级重点学科， 2004年开始招收计算机应用技术专业硕士研究生，2005年获得计算机软件理论与应用专业硕士学位授予权，2009年取得计算机科学与技术一级学科硕士学位授予权，2009年成功申请计算机技术工程领域，2011年又取得软件工程一级学科硕士学位授予权。2014年被评为山东省特色专业，2015年山东省名校工程重点建设专业，2017年获批“山东省高水平应用型”立项建设专业。 目前，本专业拥有计算机专业专职教师共14人，以中青年教师为主，其中：教授4人，副教授4人。根据计算机科学与技术发展速度快、知识更新迅速等特点，专业近年来广泛发动教职工不断加强专业改革、加强学科建设、加强产学研合作、加强校企联合“卓越工程师”人才培养、加强实验室和实习基地建设等措施，形成了网络与分布式系统、数据挖掘与决策支持、模式识别及应用、智能计算及应用等特色鲜明的研究方向。 计算机科学与技术专业从创办以来一贯注重教学改革与学生的综合能力培养，学生就业前景好，毕业生受到用人单位的好评，人才培养质量得到社会和企业的一致认可。学生具有较高的专业认同度，对于专业学习有明确的目标与规划，对所学专业的前景充满信心。历年数据显示，该专业具有较高的就业率和就业质量。 二、培养目标 本专业培养适应国家信息化建设和社会发展需要，具有社会责任感，德智体美全面发展，掌握计算机硬件、软件与应用的基础理论与方法，具有良好的科学素养和解决复杂工程问题的能力，基础扎实，注重实践，强调应用的应用型创新人才。 毕业生可以从事计算机等相关领域的工程技术应用、服务和管理工作，也可报考计算机相关专业领域的硕士研究生。毕业后，学生能够在工作中继续学习、不断更新自己的知识和提高专业能力。经过实践锻炼，能够胜任计算机应用系统开发、设计、集成、实施和运维工作。 三、培养要求 1.知识结构要求（A）
大学英语六级英语作文评分方法 大学英语六级考试作文的目的旨在考核学生英语书面表达的能力。作文考试时间为30分钟，要求写出不少于120个词的短文。六级考试作文的出题方式有：命题作文，看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章（英文或中文）写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文章。考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。对作文的要求是：切题，文理通顺，表达正确，意思连贯，无重大语言错误。下面介绍六级考试作文的评分原则和标准，并通过五份样卷作一个详细说明。 （一）、作文评分原则 1．CET是检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。 2．CET作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 3．从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就
是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。 4．避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括0分，一名阅卷人员在所阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。 （二）、作文评分标准 1．本题满分为15分。 2．阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。 3．阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一份数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，即可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分），但不得加或减半分。 4．评分标准：2分……条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分……基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分……基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。[注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0 分。] 累记字数CET6 100-119
Unit 5 Reporting Results Objectives: -Understand the function and the major elements of the results section; -Learn the major steps to deal with the results section; -Use the tips for describing graphic information; -Grasp the tips for making comparison and contrast; -Learn the skills for choosing appropriate graphs and making graphs. Contents: - Teacher’s introduction; - Reading and discussion: Types of Language for Thinking and Lexical Collocational Errors; - Language focus: graphic description; comparison and contrast; -Writing practice: using graphs and describing graphs (tables and charts); - Rewriting practice: grasping the major moves for outlining the results section; - Classroom extension: descriptions of data and graphs when reporting results. 1.Reading Activity 1.1 Pre-reading Task Do you know how to report the results of your research? The standard approach to the results section of a research paper is to present the results with the statistical
Directions:Urbanization in China The effects of urbanization in China Since the founding of new China, China's urbanization process has been accelerating. After the reform and opening up, China's urbanization process is proceeding at an unprecedented speed and will persist in the coming decades. Nowadays, China's urbanization level has entered a higher stage. Urbanization promotes the development of economy to a certain extent. However, the rapid development of urbanization has also brought many negative effects. The most prominent effect of urbanization is on livelihood issues. The acceleration of urbanization has affected people from all walks of life, especially the farmers living in the countryside. For the rural farmers, urbanization reduces the area of farmland and expel them from the original cultivated land in large quantities which will lead to a reduction in agricultural production. The decrease of grain production will cause the increase of China's grain import rate. As a result, the hidden danger of China's provision security will become a significant problem. Besides, there are many unreasonable restrictions on the peasants to work in the city, and their wages, welfare and medical care are not guaranteed which shows the poverty gap with the procession of urbanization. Such bad results brought by urbanization to farmers are not conducive to China's national development and political stability. Another area affected by urbanization is the social problems. For one thing, with the continuous development of urbanization, more and more people can afford their own vehicles, which contribute to a growing number of private cars. The roads are congested with a large number of vehicles, especially during the rush hours. For another thing, the rapid increase of migrant workers and floating population have greatly raised the urban population. Urban resources become scarce due to the population expansion. Too many people are concentrated in cities in a short time will inevitably leads to mass unemployment, shortage of fresh water and energy supply. In addition, the amount of garbage in the city increases rapidly, but the utilization rate
1. 成功的四个步骤 Four Steps to a Successful Four Steps to a Successful The first time in life? Then grasp your chance with your perfect performance on the dating night, by learning the following principle in heart. Dress properly. While everyone wants to give an impressive debut on the first date, you should avoid wearing something too bizarre to be accepted. If you are still in school, a sportswear can fulfill your purpose. For businessman or grownups, casual clothes are recommended. Never put up your working uniforms,no matter how well you like that Armani suit. It is no work. A few accessories such as a pair of sunglasses or silver loops on the wrist can add up to the romance sphere. Take a bath before dating. And if you like, spray a little perfume, but unless you're sure that he or she likes the smell,don't use ones that are too strong. Watch your manner. You're no prince of the Scotland nor Cinderella in the legend. Proper manners will ensure a lasting relationship while bad ones scare away your sweetheart. And do make sure you do not boast about your fortune, for, not everyone are green addicts. And your way of smiling, or your greatestoath, should neither be "coy" nor "by St. Loy!" after the nun in Chaucer. Be a little sensitive than merely innocent. Do make sure you do not intrude his or her privacy on the first date. For there maybe something deeply concealed within the inner core of every heart, of which the owner doesn't share often with anyone but his intimacy. Finally, wish you good luck. May you get your hearts combined and start a new journey in the miracle of life and love. Stay tuned till a borderline is reached, and keep on through out the whole way. 简评 看来第一次约会真是令人兴奋并紧张期待的。为第一次约会所提出的建议也是仁者见仁、智者见智。王永同学用词简单、结构精炼，读起来节奏快，例如：“Dress Properly....If you are still in school，a sportswear can fulfill your purpose.For businessman Orgrowmups，casual clothes are recommended.”这样的文章结构像是在提醒我们时不我待，要抓住机会，抓紧时间。 2. 我的宿舍生活My Dormitory Life