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专题10 动词的时态和语态-备战2018年中考之破解英语丢分题(原卷版)

专题10 动词的时态和语态-备战2018年中考之破解英语丢分题(原卷版)
专题10 动词的时态和语态-备战2018年中考之破解英语丢分题(原卷版)

(2017 ?四川南充)—Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there.

—No, it can’t be her. She ____________ to Beijing.

A. has gone

B. has been

C. went

D. will go

【参考答案】A

【试题解析】考查动词的时态。句意:——看!你的老师怀特小姐在那边。——不,那肯定不是她。她去了北京。A. has gone去了某地,表示该人不在说话地点;B. has been去过某地,表示主语曾经去过某地,有这种经历;C. went过去式,去;D. will go将来时态,将要去。根据前面的否定猜测,可知怀特小姐去了北京,故选A。

此题学生容易做错的原因是分不清has gone to和has been to的用法:

sombody has gone to +表示地点的名词:意思某人去了某个地方(有可能在还在路上,有可能到达了某个地方,但是还没有回来)

Tom has gone to America. 汤姆去了美国(有可能还在去美国路上,有可能已经抵达美国)

somebody has been to + 表示地点的名词:意思某人曾经过去过地方(但是现在已经不在那个地方了)Tom has been to America. 汤姆曾经过去过美国(现在已经不在美国了)

现在完成时中been to,gone to和been in/at been to去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用。

She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里)

gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地。

She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不在这里) 她已经去了上海。

been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间),常和for ten days,since I came here等连用。

She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 自从她搬到那以后,她就一直住在上海。

(2017 ?安徽)I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it ____________ a lot over the years.

A. changed

B. changes

C. will change

D. has changed

【参考答案】D

【试题解析】考查动词的时态的用法。句意:对我的家乡的新面貌我感到吃惊,因为这几年它变化很大。

A. changed改变,过去式;

B. changes第三人称单数形式;

C. will change一般将来时;

D. has changed现在完成时。over the years指最近几年即从过去到现在的几年,所以用现在完成时,故选D。

此题考查现在完成时,现在完成时是中考常考的考点,考生掌握住现在完成时的用法,是做对这类题的关键。

现在完成时用法

1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。

I have already posted the photo.

我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响"照片不在这里"。

2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如:He has lived here since 1978.

自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。) 注意:for和since的用法。

①for + 时间段译为:……时间

②since + 过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)

③since + 时间段+ ago

④since + 从句(过去时)

⑤It is + 时间段+ since + 从句(过去时)

注意:瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时,要改变成延续性动词。变化如下:

come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over

open→be open die→be dead buy→have

Fall ill→be ill Come back→be back Put on→be on/wear

Worry→be worried Catch a cold→have a cold

现在完成时连用的时间状语

现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态,因此,具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。

1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用,如"for+时间段","since+时间点"。如:

We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。

We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。学科%网

从以上两个例句我们可以看出,与表示一段时间的状语连用时,谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。

2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用,如already, never, ever, just等。如:

I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。

How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.

她唱得多美啊!我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。

3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如:

How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何?

The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.

那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。

Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗?

The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.

迄今为止,布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。

注意:现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

1. 侧重点不同

现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去,但它们所强调的重点不同:现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响;而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间,即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果,而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如:

I have seen the film.

我看过这部电影。(现在我仍记得电影的内容)

I saw the film three days ago.

三天前我看了这部电影。(强调是三天前,而不是别的什么时候看的电影)

Mr Green has bought a new computer.

格林先生买了一台新电脑。(着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑)

Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.

格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。(强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天)

2. 时间状语不同

现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副词以及"for+段时间","since+过去时间/从句"等时间状语连用;而一般过去时则常与"时间段+ago",just now,yesterday,last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如:

She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。

She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。

He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。

Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。

(2017 ?山东泰安)With the development of science and technology, robot cooks ____________ in our families in the future.

A. appear

B. appeared

C. will appear

D. is appearing

【参考答案】C

【试题解析】考查将来时的用法。句意:随着科学和技术的发展,机器人煮饭机在未来将出现在我们的家庭中。A. appear出现,动词原形;B. appeared 动词过去式;C. will appear 将来时态;D. is appearing现在进行时。根据时间,可知用将来时,故选C。

此题考查一般将来时的用法,此句的主语是robot cooks,为物,且由in the future可知此处用一般将来时,又因appear不用于被动语态,所以此处用will appear。故选C。考生掌握住不用被动语态的几种情况,更容易作对这类题。

被动语态的特殊情况:

1. 不能用被动语态的几种情况:

(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。

(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。

(3)表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等。

(4)表示"希望、意图"的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。

(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。

2. 主动形式表被动意义的情况:

(1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

(2)当cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等词带状语修饰语时。

(3)当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词词组表示"发生、关闭、制定"等意思时。

(4)want,require,need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。

(5)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。

(6)在"be + 形容词+ to do"中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。

另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。

1. has gone to和has been to的区别和用法;

2. 现在完成时用法;

3. 被动语态的特殊情况。

1. (2017 ?云南省昆明市中考)— Did you do anything interesting last Sunday?

—Not really. I just ____________ at home.

A. stay

B. stayed

C. will stay

D. am staying

2. (2017 ?苏州市中考)— Excuse me, what time does Flight BA 2793 leave?

—Just a minute. I ____________ for you.

A. check

B. checked

C. will check

D. havc checked

3. (2017 ?四川成都)—Did you hear someone knock at the door just now?

—Sorry. I ____________ to my friend on the phone.

A. was talking

B. talked

C. am talking

4. (2017 ?安徽)Mr. Green ____________ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.

A. was invited

B. invited

C. is invited

D. invites

5. (2017 ?苏州市中考)—Why hasn’t Tony come?

—The invitation letter ____________ to Toby by accident

A. was emailed

B. has emailed

C. is emailed

D. emailed

6. (2017? 山东青岛)Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they ____________ to drive a car.

A. are allowed

B. will be allowed

C. allow

7. (2017 ?山东泰安)As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese ____________ in more and more schools

out of our country.

A. teaches

B. is taught

C. has taught

D. was taught

8. (2017 ?上海中考)Some exchange students ____________ with their host families this time yesterday.

A. are chatting

B. will chat

C. were chatting

D. have chatted

9. (2017 ?上海中考)Several journalists ____________ the lawyer about the international case an hour ago.

A. interview

B. interviewed

C. will interview

D. had interviewed

10. (2017 ?上海中考)The museum ____________ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival.

A. is decorated

B. will decorate

C. is decorating

D. will be decorated

11. (2017 ?湖北省随州市中考)—Your bedroom is so clean.

—Of course. It ____________ every day.

A. cleans

B. cleaned

C. is cleaned

D. was cleaned

12. (2017 ?湖北省随州市中考)—What ____________ if they ____________ to the meeting late?

—Sorry, I don’t know.

A. will happen; go

B. happened; go

C. happens; will go

D. will happen; will go

13. (2017 ?湖北省随州市中考)—Did you watch the football match on TV last night?

—I wanted to, but my father ____________ his favorite TV program.

A. watched

B. watches

C. was watching

D. had watched

14. (2017 ?湖北省宜昌市中考)—How many children do most post-80s families have?

—One. They ____________ two in the future, I guess.

A. will have

B. had

C. have

D. have had

15. (2017 ?湖北省宜昌市中考)—Quite a few new laws and rules on food safety ____________ into use last

month.

—Can you tell me what they are?

A. were putting

B. have been put

C. were put

D. put

16. (2017 ?吉林省中考)Both Lily and Lucy ____________ to the party yesterday, but they didn’t come at all.

A. were invited

B. was invited

C. invited

17. (2017 ?江苏省宿迁市中考)My grandparents ____________ for over 60 years and they love each other very

much.

A. have been married

B. got married

C. were married

D. have got married

18. (2017 ?四川省宜宾市中考)I don’t know when he____________ back. Please tell me when he

____________ back.

A. comes; comes

B. comes; will come

C. will come; comes

1. (2017 ?江苏省镇江丹阳市中考二模)—Mum, can I go to watch the movie Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2

tomorrow?

—Sure, if your homework __________.

A. finish

B. is finished

C. will finish

D. will be finished

2. (2015 ?广东省广州市番禺区九年级综合测试一模)If he __________ harder, he will catch up with us soon.

A. study

B. studies

C. will study

D. studying

3. (2017 ?新疆乌鲁木齐市第九十八中学中考四模)If Peter __________, please ask him to leave a

__________.

A. come; notice

B. comes; message

C. come; sentence

D. comes; information

4. (2017 ?广东省初中毕业生学业考试模拟)The documentary Under the Dome (《苍穹之下》) which

__________ by Chai Jing showed us that the air pollution in China was very serious.

A. produces

B. produced

C. is produced

D. was produced

5. (2017 ?重庆市万盛经济技术开发区九年级上学期期末模拟)Smoking __________ in the forest. It may

cause a fire.

A. is not allowed

B. is allowed

C. doesn’t allow

D. allows

6. (2017 ?上海市黄浦区九年级4月学业模拟考试)More than six million guests __________Shanghai

Disneyland Park since last June.

A. visit

B. visited

C. were visiting

D. have visited

7. (2017 ?上海市黄浦区九年级4月学业模拟考试)Listen! Someone __________ at the door. Please go and

answer it.

A. knocks

B. is knocking

C. has knocked

D. was knocking

8. Many parts of this car __________ in less developed countries, like Thailand.

A. produce

B. produced

C. are produced

D. was produced

9. (江西省赣州市信丰县2017年普通高中提前招生考试)—Jenny, you are so beautiful in your new dress! —Thanks! But I __________ it for several times.

A. wear

B. will wear

C. was wearing

D. have worn

10. (浙江省温州市龙湾区永中中学2017届九年级月考)—Peter says Red Rock Canyon is a great place for rock

climbing.

—He’s right. I__________ there twice.

A. was going

B. went

C. have been

D. have gone

11. (江苏省扬州市江都区宜陵镇中学2017届九年级期中)—Sorry, I’m late. __________did the meeting begin?

—It doesn’t matter. The meeting __________ for several minutes.

A. When; has just begun

B. When; has jus t been on

C. How long; has just been on

D. How long; has just begun

12. (江苏省徐州市部分学校2017届九年级二模联考)—Look! That man looks like Mr. Green.

—It __________ be him, for he __________ America for a month.

A. can’t; has gone to

B. may not; has gone to

C. mustn’t; has been in

D. can’t; has been in

13. (浙江省永嘉县2017年5月初中毕业升学考试第二次适应性测试)—The weather report says that it will be sunny tomorrow.

—It’s wonderful. It __________ for a week already, we need the sun.

A. rains

B. will rain

C. has rained

D. was raining

14. (新疆乌鲁木齐市第九十八中学2017届中考四模)—Look! Someone __________ the classroom. —Well, it wasn’t me, I didn’t do it.

A. is cleaning

B. was cleaning

C. has cleaned

D. will clean

15. (上海市黄浦区2017届九年级二模)More than s ix million guests __________ Shanghai Disneyland Park since last June.

A. visit

B. visited

C. were visiting

D. have visited

16. (徐州市2017年初中毕业、升学考试模拟)—Has your cousin arrived in Beijing yet?

—Yes. She __________ Beijing since yesterday morning.

A. arrived in

B. has arrived in

C. has been in

D. has been to

17.(2016届江苏南京秦淮区九年级第一次模拟考试)—Why is it so noisy on the fourth floor?

—Oh, I forgot to tell you. Many children __________Ann’s birthday there.

A. celebrated

B. are celebrating

C. were celebrating

D. have celebrated

18.(2017届吉林长春外国语学校九年级上第二次月考)—How dirty the room is?

—Yes, it __________ every day.

A. is cleaned

B. should be cleaned

C. is clean

D. may be clean

19.(2016届福建厦门一中九年级下期第一次模拟)—Alice, I called you up at eight but you didn’t answer. —Oh, I __________ in the kitchen then.

A. cooked

B. was cooking

C. had cooked

20.(2017届北京房山区张坊中学等部分学校初三上期中联考)In order to keep healthy, Tony __________ a walk after dinner every day.

A. takes

B. taking

C. took

D. was taking

21.(2017届北京房山区张坊中学等部分学校初三上期中联考)David and Tom are good friends. They __________ each other for ten years.

A. knew

B. know

C. have known

D. had known

22.(2016甘肃定西安定区公园路中学月考)We __________ a picnic near the bank yesterday.

A. had

B. has

C. have

D. having

初中中考英语选择题常考题型

中考英语常考题集锦 一、名词、冠词 1.– What can I do for you? -- I’d like two _______. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple 答案: B. (选择其它三项的同学要注意仔细看题.不要马虎, 这里box 和apple都是可数名词) 2.Help yourself to _________. A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken 答案: C (选择A的同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数) 3..________ it is today! A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather 答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意weather不可数. 选择C和D的同学要注意weather是名词, 要用what来感叹.) 4.Which is the way to the __________? A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe’s factory D. shoes’ factory 答案: A. (选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所有格, 而是名词作形容词的用法.类似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.) 5.This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them. A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying 答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意, 当这种概念名词当“人”讲的时候要做复数处理.类似的还有: the police are running after the thief等) 6.We will have a _________ holiday after the exam. A. two month B. two-month C. two month’s D. two-months 答案: B (选择C的同学要注意应用two months’; 选择D的同学要注意名词之间有“—“ 后的组合词当作形容词来用, 因此就不用所有格形式了.)

中考英语时态和语态专项练习题

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