计算机英语课后练习题答案
Chapter 1
1.1
1. Inputs are the signals or data received by the system, and outputs are the signals or data sent from it. 输入是系统所收到的信号或数据，输出是系统所发出的信号或数据。
2 Keyboards and mouses are considered input devices of a computer, while monitors and printers are considered output devices of a computer.
键盘和鼠标被认为是计算机的输入装置，而显示器和打印机被认为是计算机的输出装置。
3. Devices for communication between computers, such as modems and network cards, typically serve for both input and output.
计算机之间的通讯装置，例如调制解调器和网卡，通常起输入和输出作用。
4. The printer takes the information on your screen and transfers it to paper or a hard copy.
打印机接收您屏幕上的信息并将其转移到纸张或硬拷贝上。
5. A modem is used to translate information transferred through telephone lines or cable.
调制解调器是用来转换通过电话线或电缆传输的信息。
1.2
1. Motherboard is the "body" or mainframe of the computer, through which all other components interface. 主板是计算机的“身体”或主机，所有其他组件通过它而连接。
2. Central processing unit performs most of the calculations which enable a computer to function, sometimes referred to as the "brain" of the computer.
中央处理器执行使电脑发挥作用的大部分的计算，有时被称为计算机的“大脑”。
3. Computer fan is used to lower the temperature of the computer and the computer case will generally have several fans to maintain a constant airflow. 计算机风扇是用来降低计算机的温度，计算机机箱通常有几个风扇保持持续的空气流通。
4. Random Access Memory is the fast-access memory that is cleared when the computer is
powered-down. 随机存取存储器是当计算机关闭时便清除记忆的快速存取储器。
5. Firmware is loaded from the read only memory (ROM) run from the Basic Input-Output System (BIOS). 固件是通过基于基本输入输出系统(BIOS)运行的只读存储器(ROM)加载。
1.3
1.A computer case is the enclosure that contains the main components of a computer.
计算机机箱是一个包含有计算机主要组成部分的盒子。
2.Cases are usually constructed from steel, aluminium, or plastic, although other materials such as wood, plexiglas have also been used in case designs. 机箱通常是用钢铁，铝，或塑料制造，虽然其他材料，如木材、树脂玻璃也被用于机箱设计。
3.The size and shape of a computer case is usually determined by the form factor of the motherboard that it is designed to accommodate, since this is the largest and most central component of most computers. 计算机机箱的尺寸和形状通常由被设计来与之匹配的主板的大小确定，因为主板是大部分计算机的大和最核心的组成部分。
4.Consequently, personal computer sizes typically specify only the internal dimensions and layout of the case. 因此，个人电脑的尺寸通常只指内部尺寸和机箱布局。
5.Sizes for rack-mounted and blade servers may include precise external dimensions as well, since these cases must themselves fit in specific enclosures.机架固定式刀片服务器可能也要包括精确的外部尺寸，由于这些机箱本身必须安装在特定的罩子
1.4
1. Intel has become one of the world's most recognizable computer brands following its long-running "Intel Inside" campaign.在长时间进行“英特尔在里面”商业宣传后，英特尔已经成为世界上最易辨认的电脑品牌之一。
2. Intel paid half the advertising costs for any ad that used the "Intel Inside" logo.对任何使用"Intel Inside"为标识的广告，英特尔公司都支付一半的费用。
3. In June 1994, Intel engineers discovered a flaw in the floating-point math subsection of the Pentium microprocessor.在1994年6月，英特尔的工程师在奔腾微处理器的浮点型数学部分发现了一个缺陷。
4. Bad companies are destroyed by crisis, Good companies survive them, Great companies are improved by them.差劲的公司因危机而毁灭，良好的公司平安渡过危机，伟大的公司因危机而改善。
5. During this period, Intel undertook two major supporting programs that helped guarantee their processor's success.在此期间，英特尔公司进行了两个重大的支持性项目，以帮助确保他们处理器
的成功。
2.1
1. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs.
通用计算机必须装备操作系统以运行其他程序。
2. For large systems, the operating system has even greater responsibilities and powers.
对于大型系统而言，操作系统具有更大的职责和权限。
3. The operating system is also responsible for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system.操作系统也负责安全，确保未经授权的用户不得访问系统。
4. Your choice of an operating system, therefore, determines to a great extent the applications you can run.因此，操作系统的选择在很大程度上决定你所能运行的应用程序。
5. Operating systems provide a software platform on top of which other programs, called application programs, can run.操作系统提供软件平台。随后，被称为应用程序的其它程序方能运行。
2.2
1.Windows Vista Ultimate is the most expensive edition, but it combines the mobility and business functions of Vista Business with the entertainment features of Vista Home Premium.
Windows Vista旗舰版是最昂贵的版本, 但它将Vista商业版的灵活性和商业功能与Vista家庭
级版的娱乐功能揉合起来。
2.If your PC has Intel motherboard with high definition Audio support then you can take advantages of some cool features.如果您的个人电脑配有高清晰度音频支持的英特尔主板，那么你就可以享用这些很酷的功能。
3.Vista has security and mobility features that you need for work, and all of the entertainment features that you want for fun.Vista拥有你工作所需要的安全性和灵活性，以及你因休闲所需的娱乐功能。
4.With so many editions available, it is worthwhile to carefully explore the functions provided by different editions if you intend to upgrade to Windows Vista.
既然有如此多的版本供选择，如果你有意升级Windows Vista，值得细心研究不同版本所提供的功能。
5.Open control panel and in the search box type “optimize visual display” and click the shortcut to see the dialog box.打开控制面板，在搜索框内键入“优化视觉显示”，然后单击快捷方式，查看对话框。
1．Open source software is often in constant development by volunteer programmers, and new versions of programs are released more often than their commercial, closed source counterparts.开放源码软件常常在义务程序员们的努力下不断发展，其新版程序的发布比那些与其相对应的用于商业的封闭原始码软件更为频繁。
2.Before installing any distribution of Linux on a laptop computer, you should refer to the Linux On Laptops webpage.在笔记本电脑上安装Linux任何流通版之前，你都应当参考Linux On Laptops（笔记本电脑安装Linux指南）网页。
3.Predominantly known for its use in servers, Linux is supported by corporations such as Dell, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Oracle Corporation and so on.Linux的名声主要源于其在服务器上的使用。Linux得到了如戴尔、惠普、国际商用机器公司、甲骨文公司等企业的支持。
4.Linux can be installed on a home PC as well as a network server for a fraction of the cost of other companies’ software packages.Linux除了装在网络服务器上外，也可以安装在家用个人电脑。只需花费相当于购买其它公司软件包钱的一小部分。
5.Linux is a modular Unix-like operating system. It derives much of its basic design from principles established in Unix during the 1970s and 1980s.Linux是模块化的类似Unix的操作系统。它的许多基本设计源于20世纪七、八十年代建立于Unix的原理。
2.4
1.The basic operating-system commands were in ROM so you could swap your program diskette with one containing data.操作系统的基本命令在只读存储器里，因此你能用数据盘交换程序盘。
2.Then DOS contained few services. For example, an editor had to know how to control your printer.那时磁盘操作系统提供的服务少之又少。比如，编辑时，你得知道如何控制你的打印机。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/9717598073.html,ers had to configure peripherals (e.g., modems, ports, and printers) by editing control files, such as autoexec.bat and config.sys. 用户得通过编辑控制文件，如自动批处理文件和硬件配置文件，来配置外围设备（如调制解调器、端口、打印机）。
4.The then simple software of the day easily fit on a 360-K diskette.当时的简单软件很适合使用在360K的磁盘上。
5.MS-DOS Version 1.0 was essentially CP/M adapted to run on a 16-bit processor.MS-DOS1.0实质上是改编后的微机控制程序，以便使其运行在16位处理器上。
1. Word processors, spreadsheets, and media players are typical examples of software applications
文字处理软件、电子制表软件和媒体播放器是典型的应用软件。
2. User-written software tailors system to meet the specific needs of the users.
用户可编写软件调整系统使其适合用户的特殊需求。
3. Enterprise infrastructure software provides common capabilities needed to support enterprise
software system.企业基础软件提供支持企业软件系统需要的一般性能。
4. Educational software is related to media and entertainment software.教育软件与媒体和娱乐软件相
关联。
5. Product engineering software is used in developing hardware and software products.产品工程软件
用于开发硬件和软件产品。
3.2
1. Microsoft Word was first released in 1983 under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems.
Microsoft Word于1983年第一次发布，取名为Xenix系统的“多功能文字处理器”。
2. It was version 2.0 of Word, however, that firmly established Microsoft Word as the market leader. 然而Word 2.0版的推出才使得微软 Word牢固地确立其在市场的领导地位。
3. Word 5.1 for the Macintosh, released in 1992, was a very popular word processor due to its elegance,
relative ease of use, and feature set. 1992年为麦金托什计算机发布的Word 5.1版本，因其外观雅致、相对易于使用和有特色的背景而成为流行一时的文字处理器。
4. The first, code-named Pyramid, had been an attempt to completely rewrite the existing Word product.
第一个版本代号为金字塔，它尝试对已有的Word产品进行重写。
5. More recent versions of Word have more capabilities than just word processing. 较新的Word版本
不仅仅只具有文字进行处理的能力。
3.3
1.Microsoft originally offered a very popular spreadsheet program called Multiplan in 198
2.微软
最初曾于1982年在市场上销售一个叫做“Multiplan”的非常流行的电子制表软件程序。
2.Microsoft Excel 2007 is also called the version of Excel 12 for the Windows platform.
微软Excel 2007也叫做Excel 12版，用于Window平台。
3.Excel provides many user interface tweaks over the earliest electronic spreadsheets, but the
essence remains the same as in the original spreadsheet.
Excel对最初的电子表格软件提供了许多用户界面上的调整；然而其本质依旧与原来的电子表格软件相同。
4.Excel was the first spreadsheet that allowed the user to define the appearance of spreadsheets,
such as fonts, character attributes and cell appearance.
Excel是第一个允许用户定义电子表格外观的电子表格软件，如：字型，字符属性和单元外观等。
5.The automation functionality provided by VBA has caused Excel to become a target for macro
viruses.VBA提供的自动化功能使得Excel成为宏病毒攻击的目标。
3.4
1.Bill Gates, the worldwide leader in Software, provides the services and solutions that help
people and business realize their full potential.全球软件领袖比尔?盖茨提供的服务和解决问题的方法使人们和企业认识到他们的全部潜能。
2.Gates continues to serve as Microsoft’s chairman and as an advisor on key development
projects after he transitioned out of a day-to-day role in the company.
在把公司的日常事务转交出来后，盖茨继续担任微软的主席和关键开发项目的顾问。
3.In his junior year, Gates left Harvard University to devote his energies to Microsoft with his
childhood friend Paul Allen in 1975. 1975年大学三年级的盖茨离开哈佛大学，与他孩提时的朋友保罗、艾伦一起献身于微软的事业。
4. Gates was born in a wealthy family in Seattle, Washington on Oct. 28, 195
5.
1955年10月28日，盖茨出身在华盛顿西雅图市的一个富人家里。
5. Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in BASIC and was excused from math
classes to pursue his interest. He wrote his first computer program on this machine:盖茨对用BASIC语言为GE系统做程序非常感兴趣，为此兴趣而放弃数学课。他在这台计算机写了第一个计算机程序。
4.1
1. A DBMS is a complex set of software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database. 数据库管理系统是一套复杂的在数据库中控制着数据的组织，存储，管理和检索的软件程序。
2. DBMSs are categorized according to their data structures or types.数据库管理系统根据他们的数据结构或类型进行分类。
3. The four most common types of organizations are the hierarchical, network, relational and object models. 四种最常见的组织类型是层次，网络，关系和对象模型。
4. Data security prevents unauthorized users from viewing or updating the database.
数据安全是指防止未经授权用户查看或更新该数据库。
5. Using passwords, users are allowed access to the entire database or subsets.通过使用密码，用户被允许接入到整个数据库或它的子集。
4.2
1.Microsoft Office Access is a relational database management system.微软办公Access数据库是一个关系型数据库管理系统
2.Access can use data stored in Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, or any ODBC-compliant data container. Access可以使用存储在微软SQL Server，Oracle，或任何与开放式数据库互接相兼容的数据容器的数据。
3.Skilled software developers and data architects use it to develop application software.
熟练的软件开发商和数据架构师用它来开发应用软件。
4.Relatively unskilled programmers can use it to build simple applications.
相对非熟练程序员可以使用它来建立简单的应用程序。
5.Access supports some object-oriented techniques but falls short of being a fully object-oriented development tool.Access支持某些面向对象技术，但作为一个完全面向对象的开发工具却有所不足。
4.3
1.Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system produced by Microsoft.
微软SQL Server的是一个由所微软产生的关系型数据库管理系统。
2.The main unit of data storage is a database, which is a collection of tables with typed columns.
数据存储的主要单元是一个由数据录入栏目所构成的若干个表格所组成的数据库。
3.Microsoft SQL Server is an environment used to create computer databases on a Microsoft Windows operating system.微软SQL Server是一个用来在Microsoft Windows操作系统中建立计算机数据库的环境。
4.Microsoft SQL Server can deal with small databases such as a personal list of contacts.
微软SQL Server可以处理小的数据库，如个人的联系人清单。
5.Microsoft SQL Server can also handle a very large database such as a country's census.
微软SQL Server也可以处理非常大的数据库，如一个国家的普查。
4.4
1.In August 1985, Microsoft and IBM partnered in the development of a different operating system called OS/
2.在1985年8月，微软和IBM在开发被称为OS/2操作系统方面结为合作伙伴关系。
2.In 1989, Microsoft introduced its flagship office suite, Microsoft Office.
在1989年，微软推出了其旗舰办公套件“Microsoft Office”。
3.Microsoft released its first retail version of Microsoft Windows, originally a graphical extension for its MS-DOS operating system.微软发布了其最初的Microsoft Windows零售版本，该版本本来是MS-DOS操作系统的图形扩展版。
4.Several popular Microsoft products were bought and repackaged. For example, Power Point.
微软的几种流行产品是采取购买和重新包装手法。举例来说“Power Point”便是如此。
5.The company is run by a Board of Directors consisting of ten people, made up of mostly company outsiders.该公司是由10人组成的董事会管理，董事会的成员绝大多数是公司以外的人。
5.1
1.Another ongoing debate is the extent to which the programming language used in writing programs affects the form that the final program takes.另一项正在进行的争论关注的是：编程中所采用的编程语言在何种程度上影响程序最终所采取的形式。
2.Assembly language is designed to be easily translated into machine language.汇编语言被设计得很容易转换成机器语言。
3.Machine language instructions typically use some bits to represent operations, such as addition.
机器语言的指令常用二进制比特表示操作符，如加法。
4.Like machine language, assembly language requires detailed knowledge of internal computer
architecture.象机器语言一样，掌握汇编语言需要详细了解计算机内部结构。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/9717598073.html,puter programming is the craft of writing useful, maintainable, and extensible instructions.
计算机编程是一门编写有用的可维护的和可扩展的指令的技艺。
5.2
1.The question of which language is best is one that consumes a lot of time and energy among computer professionals.关于何种编程语言最好的争论消耗了计算机专业人士的大量时间和精力。
2.Pascal is very good for writing well-structured and readable programs, but it is not as flexible as the C programming language.
Pascal语言非常适合编写结构好、易读的程序，但它不及C语言灵活。
3.C++ embodies powerful object-oriented features, but it is complex and difficult to learn.
C++语言具有强大的面向对象程序设计的特点，但其复杂，难以学习。
4.Machine Language refers to the “ones and zeroes” that digital processors use as instructions.机器语言是指被数字处理器当作指令的“1和0”。
5.The choice of which language to use depends on the type of computer the program is to run on, what sort of program it is, and the expertise of the programmer. 选择何种语言取决于：运行程序的计算机类型、程序类型、程序员的技术。
5.3
1.Programming means designing or creating a set of instructions to ask the computer to carry out certain jobs.编程是设计或创立一套指令，指示电脑完成一定任务。
2.A VISUAL BASIC Program is made up of many subprograms. Each has its own program codes, and each can be executed independently.
VISUAL BASIC程序由许多子程序组成。每套子程序有其程序代码，能单独运行。
3.Many believe that VB6 is an ideal language for users who are new to programming.
许多人相信：VB6对于那些编程新手而言是理想的语言。
4.Visual Basic is a “visual programming” environment for developing Windows applications. Visual Basic“可视化编程”的环境用来开发视窗应用程序。
5.Visual Basic is very popular for the ease with which it allows the programmer to create nice looking graphical programs with less coding.
由于Visual Basic能使程序员用更少的代码，轻松编写漂亮的图形程序，因此大受欢迎。
5.4
1.Distributed application programming is considered by many to be one of the hardest to learn and requires diverse knowledge in computer and communication technologies.
分布式应用程序编程被许多人认为是最难学习的程序之一，需要计算机和通信技术各方面的知识。
2.Instead of developing applications, programming scientists work on developing computing technologies such as encryption, programming languages.
编程科学家们不开发应用程序，而是从事如加密、编程语言等计算技术的开发。
3.Try to think of anything that might prevent it from working correctly. Debug the errors you find. 想一想什么可能阻碍了正常工作，排除你找出的错误。
4.Don’t copy code from another program unless you have permission or the license permits it, like open source licenses.
不要复印另一程序的代码，除非你得到允许或授权，比如开放原代码授权。
5.No one wants to take a risk and hire someone fresh out of school without projects under their belt.无人愿意冒风险聘用刚从学校毕业，毫无项目经验的人。
6.1
1. Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software.软件工程运用系统、规范的方法开发、运行和维护软件。
2. Software design is a process of problem-solving and planning for a solution.软件设计是解决问题、策划解决方案的过程。
3. A template or pattern describing a solution to a common problem is known as a design pattern.描述解决常见问题方案的模板或模式被称为设计模式。
4. Design methodologies aim to provide a template process or a framework for the actual design of
a system.设计方法旨在为系统的实际设计提供模板进程或框架。
5. They aim to simplify the actual process of designing a system and aim to enforce some standard design principles which improve the quality of a design.他们的目标是简化系统设计的实际过程，强化某些标准设计原则，提高设计质量。
6.2
1.Software testing is the process of checking software, to verify that it satisfies its requirements and to detect errors.软件测试是检测软件的过程，目的是验证软件是否满足要求并检测出错误。
2.Testing can never completely establish the correctness of computer software.
测试绝不可能完全确保计算机软件正确无误。
3.Over its existence, computer software has continued to grow in complexity and size.
在现行基础上，计算机软件在复杂性和规模上不断增长。
4.Some emerging software disciplines adhere to a “test-driven software development” model.一些新兴软件学科坚持“测试驱动的软件开发”模式。
5.The test suites are continuously updated as new failure conditions are discovered.
随着新的故障情况被发现，测试套件不断得以更新。
6.3
1.Software maintenance is the modification of a software product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes, or to adapt the product to a modified environment.
软件维护是在软件产品交付后对其修改完善，以改正错误、提高性能或其它属性，或使产品适应变动后的环境。
2.There is the process of acceptance of the modification, by checking it with the individual who submitted the request in order to make sure the modification provided a solution.
有接收修正的过程，即与提出修正的个人共同检查，以确保其修正能有效解决问题。
3.There are a number of processes, activities and practices that are unique to maintainers.
对于软件维护者来说有一些专门的过程、活动和实际操作。
4.Studies and surveys over the years have indicated that the majority, over 80%, of the maintenance effort is used for non-corrective actions.
多年来的调查和研究表明：超过80%的维护工作与纠错无关。
5.The key software maintenance issues are both managerial and technical.软件维护的关键问题涉及管理和技术。
6.4
1.Universal connectivity will bring together all the information and services you need and make them available to you.全维接入将把你所需要的所有信息和服务聚在一起，并提供给你使用。
2.Consumers and businesses everywhere are rushing to get on the Web, and the PC makes that easy.各地的消费者与商家都争先恐后地上网，而个人电脑使其变得容易。
3.Your files, schedule, and address book will automatically be replicated onto each of these devices.你的文件、日程安排表、地址簿都将自动地复制到这些设备上
4.A massive amount of investment is still required if high-speed, broadband communications are to be widely available throughout the United States.要在美国各地广泛提供高速宽带通信，仍然需要巨额投资。
5.Prices have fallen sharply while the power of the hardware and software has kept increasing. 价格急剧下跌，硬件与软件的功能却持续增强。
7.1
1. A computer network is any set of computers or devices connected to each other with the ability to exchange data.计算机网络是任何一套彼此连接，能够进行数据交换的计算机或设备。
2. The devices can be separated by a few meters or nearly unlimited distances.这些装置可能被分开几米或几乎无限遥远的距离。
3. Users and network administrators often have different views of their networks.用户和网络管理员往往对他们的网络有不同的看法。
4.An extranet is an extension of an intranet that allows secure communications to users outside of the intranet. 外联网是企业内部网的一个扩展，允许与企业内部网以外的用户安全通信。
5. Today, computer networks are the core of modern communication.今天，计算机网络成为现代通信的核心。
7.2
1. Web pages may be retrieved from a local computer or from a remote web server. 网页可能从本地计算机上或从远程网络服务器上得到。
2. Client-side scripting can make web pages more responsive to user input once in the client browser.在客户端浏览器中输入客户端脚本使网页更能对用户的输入做出反应。
3. Web pages will often require more screen space than is available for a particular display resolution.为了某一特定的显示分辨率，网页往往会需要更多的屏幕空间。
4. All web pages should be designed with all of these options in mind.在设计所有网页时需要
牢记这些选择。
5.From a more general point of view, some information elements, like a navigation bar, are uniform for all website pages, like a standard.从更广泛的角度来看，类似导航栏这样的一些信息要素像某种标准一样对所有网站的网页都是统一的。
7.3
1. Online games are played over some form of computer network, now typically on the Internet.在线游戏通过某种形式的计算机网络来玩，现在通常是通过互联网。
2. Early networking and timesharing environments often featured games among their most admired features. 早期网络和分时环境通常能使游戏展现出他们最受称赞特色。
3. As consoles are becoming more like computers, online gameplay is expanding. 随着控制台变得越来越像电脑，在线游戏正在扩大。
4. More complicated games would contact a web server to allow a multiplayer gaming environment. 更复杂的游戏可以通过联系网页服务器提供多人游戏的环境。
5. As the World Wide Web developed and browsers became more sophisticated, people started creating browser games. 随着万维网的发展以及浏览器变得更加复杂，人们开始创建浏览器游戏。
7.4
1. https://www.doczj.com/doc/9717598073.html, is the flagship business of the Alibaba Group and one of the world's premier e-commerce brands.阿里巴巴网络公司是阿里巴巴集团的旗舰企业和世界一流的电子商务品牌之一。
2. Yahoo! became a substantial shareholder of Alibaba Group.雅虎！成为阿里巴巴集团的大股东。
3. Alimama is China's leading online advertising exchange。阿里妈妈是中国最主要的在线广告交易所。
4.Alisoft is an Internet-based business management software company targeting SMEs in China.
阿里软件是一家针对中国中小型企业、基于因特网的企业管理软件公司。
5．Consumers may search, shop and transact with sellers on the Taobao marketplace.
消费者可在淘宝网市场上搜索，购买和与卖家交易。
8.1
1. You or your friends may have actually purchased something on the web, so you have direct
personal experience with e-commerce.有可能实际上你或你的朋友已经在网上购买过商品，因此你对电子商务已经有了亲身体验。
2. Electronic commerce consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic
systems such as the Internet and other computer networks.电子商务是由商品和服务的购买及销售两个过程组成的，这个买卖过程又是通过诸如互联网和其他计算机网络等电子系统实现的。
3. Originally, electronic commerce meant the facilitation of commercial transactions electronically.最
初，电子商务意味着通过电子手段使商业交易便利化。
4. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily since the spread of the
Internet.随着互联网的普及，通过电子手段进行的贸易额已经大大增长了。
5. Big corporations and financial institutions use the internet to exchange financial data to facilitate
domestic and international business. 大公司和金融机构运用互联网来交换金融数据，以方便国内外
商务的进行。
8.2
1. A business model is defined as the organization of product, service and information flows, and the
source of revenues and benefits for suppliers and customers. 商业模式被定义为产品、服务和信息流通的组织以及针对供应商和顾客而言的收入和利润的来源。
2. Business-to-consumer (B2C) describes activities of e-businesses serving end consumers with
products and/or services. 企业对消费者（B2C）描述的是电子商务企业用产品和/或服务来为终端消费者服务的活动。
3. These firms make money by accumulating loyal users and targeting them with advertising.这些公
司依靠聚集人气和用广告锁定那些忠实客户来挣钱。
4. Business-to-business (B2B) is a term commonly used to describe electronic commerce
transactions between businesses.企业对企业（B2B）是一个通常用来描述企业间电子商务交易的术语。
5. With millions of products for sale every day, ebay is one of the largest C2C e-commerce business
today. 易趣（eBay）购物网是当今最大的C2C电子商务企业之一，每天有上百万件商品在那里被拍卖。
U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静，但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。
新视野大学英语（第二版）第一册Unit 1 III. 1. rewarding 2. communicate 3. access 4. embarrassing 5. positive 6. commitment 7.virtual 8. benefits 9. minimum 10. opportunities IV. 1. up 2. into 3. from 4. with 5. to 6. up 7. of 8. in 9. for 10.with V. 1.G 2.B 3.E 4.I 5.H 6.K 7.M 8.O 9.F 10.C Sentence Structure VI. 1. Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor. 2. Allan Clark kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down. 3. The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the family. 4. Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others wee insulting and impolite. 5. Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry. VII. 1. Not only did Mr. Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridged the gap between his culture and ours. 2. Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English. 3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. 4. Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but they also want reduced working hours. 5. Not only is the house expensive, but it is also too far away from my company. Translation VIII. 1. Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2. She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3. Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4. Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5. He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6. Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. IX. 1. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。
第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?
Unit 1 From her accent I guess she’s from the Northeast. 从她的口音我猜她是来自东北地区的。 It was very clever of her to turn his argument against himself. 她很聪明，使他对自己的论点 I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make a pair. 我在床下发现了一双鞋，但他们不做一双 4. Dr. Bright always takes his time as he examines his patients and treats them with extreme care. Bright博士总是把他的时间用于他检查他的病人，并把他们的极端护理 5. British companies are trying to avoid the fate their American counterparts have already suffered. 英国公司正试图避免他们的美国同行已经遭受的命运。 6. Wilfred’s remarks confirmed me in my opinion that he was an honorable young man. 威尔弗雷德的话证实了我在我看来，他是一个光荣的年轻人 7. The key witness for the prosecution was offered police protection after she received death threats. 检察机关的主要证人在收到死亡威胁后提供了警方的保护 8. I thought that was the end of the matter but subsequent events proved me wrong. 我认为这是事情的结束，但随后的事件证明我错了。 9. Having practiced for so long, the New York baseball team stands a chance winning the World Series this year. 经过这么长时间的练习，纽约棒球队赢得了今年的世界系列赛的机会。 10. At the trial , Bob’s teacher, who was called as a character witness, said he was a quiet boy who had never been in trouble before. 在审讯中，鲍伯的老师，被称为证人，说他是个安静的男孩以前从未惹过麻烦。 Unit 2 11. We’ve just had a very fruitful meeting with the management and we’re now much more hopeful about the pay rise. 我们刚刚与管理层有了一个非常富有成效的会议，我们现在对加薪的希望更大了 12. The book I’m reading explains the evolution of plant and animal life on earth. 我读的这本书解释了地球上动植物的进化
最全的全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2答案 课后练习答案 Unit1 Ways of Learning Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work 1. They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing. 2. Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel. 3. They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly. 4. Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. 5. Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel. 6. He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself. 7. He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA.
Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.
1.我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题不大 We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2.父亲去逝的时候我还小,不能独立生活。就在那时，家乡的父老接过了教育我的责任。My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over my upbringing at that point. 3.这些玩具必须得达到严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童 The toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4.作为新闻和舆论的载体，广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。 Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5.至于这本杂志，它刊载了世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要 When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. 1.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2.在持续不断的沙尘暴的威胁下，我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方。 Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3.根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4.看到卡车司机把受污染的废弃物倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告 Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5.一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物的，因为它们能够提高产量，帮助发展 中国家战胜饥荒和疾病 Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. 1.无论是在城市还是农村，因特网正在改变人们的生活方式。 The Internet is changing the way people live, whether they are in urban or rural areas. 2.和大公司相比，中小公司更容易受到金融危机的威胁。 Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones. 3.关于期末论文，教授要求我们先分析失业图表，然然后对过家的经济发展提供批评性的见解。 With regard to our term paper, the professor asked us to analyze the unemployment chart first, and then provide critical reflections on the nations economic development. 4.他从来也没有想到他们队会大比分赢得那场篮球赛。 It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.
Unit 11. Vocabulary 1) insert 2) on occasion 3) investigate 4) In retrospect 5) initial 6) phenomena 7) attached 8) make up for 9) is awaiting 10) not …in the least 11) promote 12) emerged 2. Rewrite each sentence 1) There is a striking contrast between the standard of living in the north of the country and the south. 2) Natural fiber is said to be superior to synthetic fiber. 3) The city's importance as a financial center has evolved slowly. 4) His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 5) The poems by a little-known sixteenth-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines. 3. 1) Chinese isn't a subject that can be picked up in a month. You can't accomplish your goal of mastering the language unless you work at it for years. Well, it sounds as if I'm exag-gerating the difficulties, but the fact is I'm only telling the truth. 2) The principal is somewhat disappointed with the performance of the children. From what she has gathered, some of the teaching staff have neglected their pupils. She has just announced that strict work regulations have been made and that they apply to both Chinese and overseas teachers. 3) The teacher-directed and the child-directed approaches to teaching art represent two ex-tremes of opinion. Too many teacher-directed activities cannot be expected to effectively assist children in learning because of the rigid structure. On the other hand, too many child-directed activities may see a curriculum that is totally unstructured and out of con-trol. There are valid reasons to believe a teacher-guided approach would be a superior way to guide children's development. This approach combines some form of structure with the child leading the direction. II. Confusable Words 1. 1) continual 3) continual
Unit1 1、任何年满18岁得人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote、 2、每学期开学前，这些奖学金得申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester、 3、遵照医生得建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking、 4、公园位于县城得正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town、 5、这所大学提供了我们所需得所有材料与设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire、 1、她们花了多年得时间寻找内心得平静，但就是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success、 2、这种新药得成功研制已经使许多疾病得治疗发生了根本性得变革。(revolutionize) The successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases、 3、由于这个国家得经济不景气，这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of) The company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country、 4、大学毕业后她成为了一名护士。她认为护士这一职业可能很有发展前途。(rewarding) He became a nurse after college、He thought nursing could be a very rewarding career、 5、她像往常一样在文件上签了名。(just as) He signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it、 Unit2
Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.
新视野大学英语课后习 题翻译答案 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答案总结 IA：她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎样解释 How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.
我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们 只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her . 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没有给我打电话作任何解 释。 Mike didn’t come to the party last night , nor did he call me to give an explanation. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么 大作家。 The man sitting next to him did publish some novels , but he is by no means a great writer. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 He is not interested in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses.
新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答案总结 IA：她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎样解释? How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week？ 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her .
Unit 1 1.3000多辆汽车因刹车问题昨日被召回（because of；recall） 1. More than 3000 cars were recalled yesterday because of a brake problem. 2.他尽管病得很重，但还是来参加会议了。（despite） 2. He came to the meeting despite his serious illness. 3.要确保同样得错误今后不再发生了。（see it that） 3. See to it that the same mistake won't happen again. 4.现在他们之间的了解多了一些，他们相处得就好些了。（now that） 4. Now that they've got to know more about each other，they get along better. 5.此时我发现自己被五六个男孩子围住了。（find oneself） 5. Then Ifound myself surrounded by five or six boys. 6.在这幸福的时刻，我向你致以最美好的祝愿。（on occasion） 6. I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion. Unit3 1)很多事情导致了我与那家公司断绝关系。(contribute to) A lot of things contributed to the end of my relationship with that company. 2.面对严峻的疾病，她表现出了巨大的勇气。（in the face of） She showed great courage in the face of serious illness. 3.我们得出结论，她讲的是真话。（come to） We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4他的秘书没有告诉他那次会议的情况。（fail to）
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第二册课后练习答案 unit 1 Section A: Vocabulary III. 1. charge 2. convention 3. efficient 4. obtain 5. competent 6. asessing 7. fulfill 8. conducting 9. consequently 10. significance IV. 1. behind 2. at 3. in 4.out 5. to 6. to 7.in 8.with 9.but 10. for V. 1. L 2. C 3.D 4. N 5. O 6.A 7. E 8.G 9.I 10. K Word Building VI. https://www.doczj.com/doc/9717598073.html,mitment 2. attraction 3. appointment 4.impression 5. civilization https://www.doczj.com/doc/9717598073.html,position 7.confusion 8.congratulation 9.consideration 10.explanation 11. acquisition 12.depression VII. 1.advisable 2.disirable 3.favorable 4. considerable 5. remarkable 6.preferable 7.drinkable 8.acceptable Sentence Structure VIII. 1.much less can he write English articles 2.much less can he manage a big company 3.much less could he carry it upstairs 4.much less have I spoken to him 5.much less to read a lot outside of it IX. 1.Having meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive. 2.We thought she was rather proud,whereas in fact she was just very shy. 3.We have never done anything for them, whereas they have done so much for us. 4.Natalie prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately. 5.Some praise him highly,whereas others put him down severely. Translation X. 1.She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. 2.He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth. 3.How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week?