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人教新目标九年级英语Unit13 知识点总结和同步练习

人教新目标九年级英语Unit13 知识点总结和同步练习
人教新目标九年级英语Unit13 知识点总结和同步练习

Unit13 We're trying to save the earth!

【重点短语】

1. at the bottom of the river 在河床底部

2. be full of the rubbish 充满了垃圾

3. throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔入河中

4. play a part in cleaning it up 尽一份力把它清理干净

5. land pollution 土地污染

6. fill the air with black smoke 使空气中充满了黑烟

7. cut down air pollution 减少空气污染

8. make a difference 产生影响

17. take action 采取行动

18. turn off 关掉

19. pay for 付费

20. add up 累加

21. use public transportation 使用公共交通

22. recycle books and paper 回收书和废纸

23. use paper napkins 使用纸巾

24. turn off the shower 关掉喷头

25. ride in cars 开车出行

【重点句型】

1.Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.

即使河底都充满垃圾。

2.Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up.

城里的每个人都应当尽一份力把它清理干净。

3.The air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days.

空气被严重污染因为如今路上的汽车太多了。

4.To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.

为了减少空气污染,我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。

5. I used to be able to see stars in the sky.

我过去能在天空中看到星星。

6. The air has become really polluted around here. I’m getting very worried.

这儿的空气真的已经被污染了,我非常担心。

7. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.

没有科学研究说明鱼鳍对人们的健康有好处。

【知识点】

1. cost vt.1. 花费;价格为;值

例句:It must cost a good deal to live here. 住在这里一定要花很多钱的

拓展:take,spend ,cost ,pay的用法都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。

1)spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:

(1)spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。

(2)spend time /money (in)doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:They spent two years (in)building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。

2)cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下:

(1)sth. costs (sb.)+金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。

(2)(doing)sth. costs (sb.)+时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。

注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。

3)take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:

(1)It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。

(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。

4)pay的基本用法是:

(1)pay (sb.)money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。

(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。

(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例:Don?蒺t worry!I'll pay for you. 别担心,我会给你付钱的。

(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。例:They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。

(5)pay money back 还钱。例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。

(6)pay off one's money还清钱。

2. This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.

这种方法不仅残酷,而且对环境有害。

(1)not only…but also…意为“不仅……而且……”用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,其中的also有时可以省略。

如:She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏,而且还会作曲。

He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them. 他不仅是自编剧本,还饰演其中的角色。

He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well. 他不仅平时工作,星期日也工作。

(2)若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。

如:Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你,他也得离开。

(3)若连接两个句子,not only后面的句子要用倒装,

如:Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确,而且讲得更不费劲了。

3. work n. (音乐,艺术)作品

work的用法

作名词

1) 不可数,意为:工作;劳动;作业;功课事,成果,产品;工艺品,针线活

如:It takes a lot of work to dig a deep well.挖一口深井很费事。

I have to bring my work home today. 今天我得把工作带回家做。

2) 作可数名词着作,作品

He is making a study of William Faulkner's works. 他在研究威廉?福克纳的作品。

作不及物动词(vi.)

1) 工作,劳动,干活[(+at/on)] She works in a restaurant.她在一家饭店工作。

2) (机器等)运转,活动

The machine won't work.机器不转了。

3) (由于使用等)逐渐变动;慢慢地前进

4) 起作用;行得通

Your suggestion works well. 你的建议很有效。

作及物动词(vt.)

1) 使工作,使干活

Don't work yourself to death. 别拼命做了。

2) 开动;操作

Please tell me how to work the machine. 请告诉我如何操纵这机器。

3) 通过努力取得;靠做工取得

4) 使缓慢前进;使逐渐变动

Can you work the screw loose? 你能使这个螺钉松开吗?

5) 造成,引起;激起

This scientist worked miracles. 这位科学家创造了奇迹。

6)安排,经营,管理

He worked the farm with great success. 这个农场他经营得很成功。

8) 影响;说服

I'll try to work him to my way of thinking. 我要设法说服他同意我的想法。

9) 精工细做

10) 计算,算出

【语法归纳】

动词不定式做目的状语时的用法

To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.

为了减少空气污染,我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。

本句中To cut down air pollution是动词不定式作目的状语。

动词不定式做目的状语时的用法

一、不定式和不定式短语作目的状语

不定式和不定式短语作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加in order to 或so as to。例如:

I've written it down in order not to forget.

He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.

在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语,表示的是主语的目的,因此,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较:

To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.(正)

To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.(误)

由in order to 引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首,而由so as to 引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾,而不能置于句首。比较:

They started early in order to get there in time.(正)

In order to get there in time, they started early.(正)

They started early so as to get there in time.(正)

So as to get there in time, they started early.(误)

二、不定式的复合结构作目的状语

当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时,要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加for + 名词或宾格代词)作状语。例如:

He opened the door for the children to come in.

She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.

三、目的状语从句与不定式的转换

英语中的目的状语从句,还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语,从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况:

1. 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时,可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。例如:

We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time.

We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time.

2. 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时,要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。例如:

I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting.

I came early (in order)for you to read my report before the meeting.

同步练习

I. 根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. His experience in that foreign company is one of the greatest _____ ___(advantage) over others.

2.“Stop __ ______(talk) and listen to me,”the teacher said to us.

3. You'd better keep the window open when ____ ____(sleep) in summer.

4. She felt sorry for ____ ____(be) late again.

5. The old man used _____ ___(like) basketball when he was young.

6. He has been used to _____ ___(live) alone, so he never feels lonely.

7. There is a _____ ___(wood) table in the middle of the room.

8. There used to be many ______ __(fisherman) in the village.

9. I didn't buy the car because it _____ ___(cost) too much.

10. Her ___ _____(act) tell us a lot about her purpose.

11. Everyone should play a part in _______________(clean) it up.

12. The air is badly _____ _______(pollute) because there are more cars on the road these days.

13. Our actions can make a ___________________(different) and lead to a better future!

14. __________________(environment) project groups are teaching the public about it.

15. They asked governments _________________(develop)laws to stop selling shark fins.

16. So far, no scientific studies ____________________(show)that shark fins are good for health.

17. We can’t afford _______________(wait) any longer to take action.

18. People might think that big things should be done ___________________(save) the earth.

19. It’s difficult for parents with young children to use public

___________________(transport).

20. The books ______________________(collect) to donate to the poor kids.

21. If something can _______________(recycle), it means you can collect and use it.

22. Pandas are ______________(special) loved by the people around the world.

23. Sorry, sir. I don’t think this is _____________(create) enough.

24. The public will realize the _______________(important) of protecting the environment.

25. Vincent Van Gogh is ________________(probable) the best-known painter in the world.

II..单项选择

( ) 1. The water is _____. We must be careful of ______.

A. pollute, pollute

B. polluted, polluted

C. polluted, pollution

D. polluting, pollution

( ) 2. ----Is the film interesting ?

----I thought it would be. But ______, it’s very boring.

A. in all

B. in fact

C. in total

D. in future

( ) 3. The heavy snow didn’t ______ the international airlines.

A. pay attention to

B. add to

C. make a difference to

D. look forward to

( ) 4. ______ down air pollution, we should ride bikes or walk instead of driving for a short distance.

A. Cut

B. To cut

C. Cutting

D. Being cut

( ) 5. Please ______ the water when you brush your teeth.

A. take down

B. turn up

C. take away

D. turn off

( ) 6. I think everyone in our country should play a part in ______ the environment.

A. protect

B. protected

C. protecting

D. to protect

( ) 7. Though Jack was poor and sick, he never ______ any chance to help the people in need.

A. gave up

B. agreed to

C. looked for

D. thought of

( ) 8. I can’t say ______ I miss my parents because I haven’t seen them for a year.

A. how often

B. how soon

C. how much

D. how long

( ) 9. ----Jane sold her house to cure her mother’s illness, even though it was _ _ her own wishes.

----It’s so kind ______ her.

A. against, of

B. above, of

C. on, for

D. for, for

( ) 10. ----How do you like the short play ?

----Funny, ______ the music of it is not so good.

A. so

B. though

C. or

D. because

( ) 11. Stop making so much noise. It is _____ to the sleeping children.

A. comfortable

B. relaxed

C. harmful

D. useful

( ) 12. We are glad to hear that the Greens _____ to a new flat next week.

A. move

B. moved

C. will move

D. have moved

( ) 13. Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs _____ so that it can be reused.

A. to destroy

B. destroying

C. to collect

D. collecting

( ) 14. If there is _____ pollution, the air in our city will be _____ dirtier.

A. less, more

B. more, much

C. less, less

D. more, more

( ) 15. ----Many people are wondering _____ in the forest.

----It’s reported that a burning cigarette bar caused it.

A. when the fire happened

B. how was the fire caused

C. what caused the fire

D. why did the fire happen

( ) 16. Amy isn’t the only one who is good at ________________.

A.recycle

B. recycled

C. recycling

D. recycles

( )17. ---What __________ the number of the students in your school?

---About 2 thousand. A number of them _________ from the countryside.

A.is;are

B. is;is

C. are;is

D. are;are

( )18. Do you often __________ things you don’t need anymore?

A. throw into

B. throw at

C. throw up

D. throw away ( )19. The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were ________.

A.turned down

B. cut down

C. pulled down

D. gotten down ( )20. She opened a small shop ____________ she sells her bags now.

A.that

B. where

C. which

D. of which ( )21.The Greens used to live here, but now they ______________.

A. don’t live here more

B. don’t live here any longer

C. lives here no longer

D. lives here no more

( )22. Jack is known for _________ the old bikes and _________ some poor people.

A.collecting; help

B. collecting; helping

C. collect; help

D. collect;

helping

( )23. At the party, Susan Rice was one of the volunteers who _______ praised by the president.

A.is

B. are

C. was

D. were

( )24. Nowadays, many young people would like to _______ a new company to do the business

of green energy.

A.set up

B. set on

C. set out

D. set about

( )25. We must do something useful to ____ pollution.

A. cut off

B. cut up

C. cut down

D. cut in

( )26. —Look! _____ boys are playing on the playground.

—Yes. _____ them is about 200.

A. The number of; A number of

B. The number of; The number of

C. A number of; the number of

D. A number of; A number of

( )27. My coat is made ____ cotton. And it was made ____ Shanghai.

A. in; by

B. from; by

C. by; in

D. of; in

( )28. —____ he ____ I have been to Beijing.

—Really? When did you do there?

A. Not only; but also

B. Neither; nor

C. Either; or

D. Too; to ( )29. —He’s never stolen anything before, _____he?

—______. It’s his second time to be taken to the police station.

A. hasn’t; Yes

B. has; Yes

C. has; No

D. is; No

( )30. —At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.

—More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.

A. offer

B. are offered

C. have offered

D. are offering

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