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英语四级常用动词词组
[ 注：以下词组后的五角星代表该词在以往四级考试中出现的频率高低，三星为最高。]
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1abandon oneself to ★沉湎于；纵情于
【例】Don’t abandon yourself to pleasures. 不可一味享乐。
accord with★★相符合；相一致；相和谐
【例】Our information doesn’t accord with his report. 我们所了解的情况和他的报告不相符。account for ★★①是……的原因②（在数量、比例方面）占
【例】①He couldn’t account for the missing funds. 他无法对丢失的资金作出解释。
②Senior citizens in this state account for more than 25 percent of the population.
该州的老年人占总人口的25% 以上。
accuse of★★★指责；控告
【例】He was accused of murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
acquaint ...with ★★★使认识；使了解；使熟悉
【例】She acquainted them with the facts. 她让他们了解了事实真相。
You must acquaint yourself with your new duties. 你必须熟悉自己的新职责。
act on/upon★①遵照……行动，奉行②作用于，影响
【例】①He gave me good advice, but I didn’t act on it.
他给了我很好的建议，但我却没照着做。
②Alcohol acts on the brain. 酒精影响大脑。
adapt to ★★★①适应②使适应
【例】①Our eyes slowly adapted to the darkness. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了四周的黑暗。
②She had to adapt herself to the life in Paris. 她必须适应巴黎的生活。
add to ★★★增添
【例】The balloons added to the festival atmosphere. 这些气球增添了节日的气氛。
add up★★①把……加起来②说得通，合乎情理
【例】①Add up these figures for me, please. 请帮我把这些数字加起来。
②His story didn’t add up. 他的叙述不合情理。
add up to★★①合计达②意味着
【例】①These figures add up to 245. 这些数字的总和是245。
②Your answer adds up to a refusal. 你的回答意味着拒绝。
adhere to★★★①黏附，附着②坚持（意见、信仰等）
【例】①The mud adhered to his feet. 泥巴黏在他的脚上。
②He resolutely adhered to what he had said at the meeting.
他坚持自己在会上所说过的那番话。
adjust to ★★①适应②使适应
【例】①Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness.
宇航员在飞行中必须适应失重状态。
②We adjusted our watches to local time. 我们按当地时间校准了手表。
agree on/upon ★对……取得一致意见
【例】They agree on the terms of the contract. 他们就合同条款取得了一致意见。
aim at ★★★①瞄准，对准②以……为目的
【例】①I aimed at the door but hit the window. 我瞄准的是门，却击中了窗户。
②She was aiming at a promotion. 她当时一心想得到晋升。
allow for ★★★考虑到，顾及，为……留出余地
【例】Allowing for the bad weather, we should set off soon.
考虑到天气不好，我们应该及早动身。
amount to ★★①总计，共达②意味着
【例】①The cost amounted to ＄240. 费用共计240 美元。
②What you say amounts to a direct accusation. 你的话等于直接指责。
answer for ★对……负责
【例】You will have to answer for your violent behavior in court.
你必须为自己在法庭上的粗暴行为承担责任。
appeal to★★★诉诸；求助于
【例】He appealed to reason to win his argument. 他靠理性在辩论中获胜。
apply to ★★①向……提出申请（或要求）②适用于，与……有关
【例】①We have applied to the government for a home improvement grant.
我们已经向政府申请改善住房的拨款。
②The question in the second half of the form applies only to married men.
表格中下半部的问题仅适用于已婚男士回答。
approve of ★★★赞成；认可；喜欢
【例】My father did not approve of my marriage to Mary. 我父亲不赞成我和玛丽结婚。arise from ★★★由……引起；起源于
【例】The country’s present difficulties arise from the reduced value of its money.
该国目前的困难是由其货币贬值引起的。
arrive at ★★达成（协议）；得出（结论）；达到（价格、年纪）
【例】After many hours’talk, the committee arrived at a decision.
委员会讨论了数小时之后作出了一项决议。
ask after ★①问候②要求；需要
【例】①He always asks after you in his letter. 他每次来信都问候你。
②The miners are asking for another increase in pay. 矿工们要求再次加薪。
This matter asks for immediate attention. 这件事需要立刻处理。
associate with★★★结交，与……交往
【例】I don’t like you associating with such people. 我不喜欢你和这样的人交往。assure of ★①使对……确信不疑②保证（某人）得到
【例】①He assured us of his ability to solve the problem.
他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。
②He assured his clients of a pleasant holiday.
他向顾客们保证，他们一定能度过一个愉快的假期。
attend to★★★①注意，留意；倾听②致力于；处理③照料，照顾
【例】①I wish that I had attended to his advice. 我当初要是听他的忠告就好了。
②He has a great deal to attend to today. 他今天有许多事要处理。
③You’d better attend to the children first—they need their breakfast.
你最好先去照料孩子——他们要吃早饭。
attribute to★★★把……归因于
【例】She attributes her great age to a carefully planned diet.
她认为自己的高寿是饮食得当的结果。
Ｂ
back up ★①（使）后退②支持
【例】①Will you please back your car up? 请把你的车往后退好吗？
②The police wouldn’t have believed me if you hadn’t backed me up.
如果你当时不支持我，警察是不会相信我的。
bargain for ★①为……讨价还价②[ 通常用于否定句] 预料；指望
【例】①They spent hours bargaining for the valuable painting.
他们为这幅珍贵的油画讨价还价了好几个小时。
②I hadn’t bargained for such heavy rain, and got wet without a raincoat.
我没料到会下这么大的雨，结果因为没带雨衣，被淋湿了。
base on/upon★把……建立在……的基础（或根据）之上
【例】Direct taxation is usually based on income. 直接税通常是以收入为依据的。
be about to★★★刚要；马上
【例】We were just about to leave when you called. 我们正要走的时候，你来电话了。be bound up in ★专心致志于，忙于
【例】I’m sorry I couldn’t meet you. I was bound up in committee meetings.
很抱歉我没能见你，我那时正忙于委员会的会议。
be bound up with ★与……有密切关系
【例】Economic progress is closely bound up with educational development.
经济的进步和教育的发展息息相关。
be composed of ★★由……组成
【例】Water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen. 水是由氧和氢组成的。
be made up of★★★由……组成
【例】The new company is made up of several smaller organizations.
这个新公司是由几个较小的机构组成的。
be to blame★该受责备；应承担责任
【例】She is in no way to blame. 她决不应该受到谴责。
bear in mind ★记住，把……记在心里（=keep in mind）
【例】I’ll bear your advice in mind. 我会记住你的忠告的。
bear with★忍受，容忍
【例】I could not bear with his hot temper. 我忍受不了他的急脾气。
beat about the bush ★转弯抹角地说，旁敲侧击
【例】Say what you have to say and don’t beat about the bush.
有什么就说吧，别拐弯抹角了。
become of ★[ 主语为what 或whatever] 结果（如何）；遭遇（如何）
【例】What became of the people who lived next door? 以前住在隔壁的人怎么样了？believe in★★★信仰；相信
【例】I believe in his good character. 我相信他品德良好。
belong to★①为……所拥有②属于，是……的成员
【例】①The blue coat belongs to Mary. 那件蓝外套是玛丽的。
②He has never belonged to a trade union. 他从没加入过工会。
blame...on/upon★把……归咎于
【例】You can’t blame the rise in prices on the government. 你不能把物价上涨归咎于政府。block off ★阻挡；隔开；封锁
【例】The police blocked off the street where the gunman was hiding.
警察封锁了持枪者藏身的街道。
blow up ★①爆炸②（使）充气③大发脾气，大怒
【例】① A chemical factory blew up in that state. 那个州的一家化工厂发生了爆炸。
②Help me to blow up the tires, will you? 帮我把车胎打足气，好吗？
③She had never thought he’d blow up so violently. 她从没想到他会发这么大的脾气。boast about★★吹嘘，夸耀
【例】She is always boasting about how clever her son is. 她总是吹嘘自己的儿子多么聪明。book in★★①（替……）签到②（为……）预订（房间）
【例】①He booked in immediately on arrival at the office. 他一到办公室就签到了。
②I have booked you in at a hotel close to my house.
我已经在我家附近的一家旅馆给你预订了房间。
break away ★★★①突然离开；逃脱②脱离；脱落
【例】①Several prisoners broke away last night. 昨晚好几个囚犯逃跑了。
② A lot of members of the Labor Party have broken away. 许多工党成员退党。
break away from★★摆脱；从……退出；放弃
【例】Can’t you break away from old habits? 难道你就不能改掉旧习惯吗？
break down★★★①坏掉；失灵②（健康等）垮掉，崩溃
【例】①The lift broke down, so we had to walk up the stairs.
电梯坏了，我们只好走上楼去。
②His health broke down under severe strain. 他的身体在极度紧张状态下垮掉了。
break in ★★★①破门而入②打断谈话，插嘴
【例】①I came home to discover that thieves had broken in and stolen everything.
我回家后发现，小偷曾破门而入，把家里的东西全偷走了。
②Listen attentively; don’t break in so often. 注意听，别老插嘴。
break into ★★闯入，强行进入
【例】We had to break into the house as we had lost the key.
由于丢了钥匙，我们只好破门而入。
break off ★★★中断，突然停止
【例】He broke off his work to answer the telephone. 他停下手头的工作去接电话。
break one’s heart ★使某人伤心
【例】Her husband’s death broke her heart. 丈夫的去世使她悲痛欲绝。
break the ice ★打破僵局；打破冷场
【例】The President broke the ice by asking me how I liked New York.
总统打破了沉默的局面，问我觉得纽约怎么样。
break through★★①突围②冲破③作出重要发现（或创见）
【例】①The soldiers have managed to break through. 战士们艰难地突出重围。
②The crowd broke through the lines of police. 人群冲破了警察的警戒线。
③They have broken through in various fields of research. 他们在各个研究领域都有所突破。break up ★★★①打碎；拆散②破裂；分裂；分解③（使）分散④（使）结束
【例】①The frost will break up the soil. 霜冻会使土壤开裂。
②The marriage later broke up. 这桩婚姻后来破裂了。
③They tried to break up the meeting. 他们企图驱散集会的人。
④They decided to break up the partnership. 他们决定终止合作关系。
bring home to★使清楚，使明白
【例】 A teacher should bring home to children the value and pleasure of reading.
教师应该使儿童认识到阅读的价值和乐趣。
bring about★★导致；带来；引起
【例】He brought about a quarrel between his parents. 父母因为他而吵了一架。
bring around ★★①说服②使恢复知觉（或健康）
【例】①He wasn’t keen on the plan, but we managed to bring him around.
他本来不喜欢这个计划，但是我们设法说服了他。
②I am sure the doctor’s new medicine will soon bring him around.
我确信，医生开的新药会使他很快康复。
bring down★★①使落下（或倒下）②降低，减少
【例】①The storm brought down almost all trees. 这场暴风雨几乎把所有的树都刮倒了。
②Measures are taken to bring down the temperature in the workshop. 车间里采取了降温措施。
bring forth ★★①产生；引起②提出
【例】①These efforts will surely bring forth good fruit. 这些努力必将产生良好的结果。
②He brought forth a new plan at the meeting. 他在会上提出了一项新计划。
bring forward★★★①把……提前②提出；提供
【例】①They have brought forward the date of their wedding by one week.
他们把婚礼的日期提前了一个星期。
②I can bring forward more cases to illustrate my argument.
我可以举出更多的实例来说明我的论点。
bring up ★★★①养育；教养②提出
【例】①She brought up five children. 她养育了五个孩子。
②Don’t bring up that embarrassing topic. 别提出那个令人尴尬的话题。
build in★★★使成为固定物；使成为组成部分
【例】The cupboard in the kitchen was built in the walls. 厨房里的碗橱是嵌在墙上的。build into★★使固定于；使成为……的一部分；
【例】 A completion date was built into the contract. 完工日期写入了合同。
build on/upon★把……建立于……的基础上
【例】Insurance business is built on trust. 保险业是建立在信任的基础之上的。
build up ★★★①逐步建立②增加；增强；增进③聚集；积累；集结
【例】①They have built up a good reputation. 他们逐步建立起了良好的声誉。
②You must build up your strength after your illness. 病愈后你必须增强体力。
③Clouds are building up over the sea. 云在海面上聚集。
bump into ★★★偶然遇见，碰见
【例】He hopes to bump into some of his old classmates at the party.
他希望能在聚会上碰见几个老同学。
burn out ★①烧尽，烧完②熄灭；（热情、怒气等）消失
【例】①The candle burnt out. 蜡烛烧尽了。
②Don’t let the fire burn out. 别让火熄灭了。
burst into★★★①闯入，冲进②突然……起来；爆发出
【例】①Bill burst into the conference room. 比尔闯进了会议室。
②She burst into song. 她突然唱起歌来。
burst out★①大声叫喊②突然……起来
【例】①“Don’t go out!”he burst out. “别出去！”他喊道。
②He burst out crying like a child. 他突然孩子似的哭了起来。
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call for ★★★①喊着要（某人）来②要求；需要
【例】①The baby is calling for his mother. 宝宝正喊着要妈妈。
②Such delicate negotiations call for great patience. 这样微妙的谈判需要极大的耐心。call in ★★★①请……来；召……来②叫……进来（或进去）
【例】①As the child’s condition grew worse, the parents called in a doctor.
由于孩子的病情恶化，父母请来了医生。
②Please call another student in. 请叫另一个学生进来。
call it a day ★收工，今天到此为止
【例】It’s getting pretty late —let’s call it a day. 天很晚了，今天就干到这儿吧。
call off ★★★取消
【例】He phoned me and called the appointment off. 他打电话给我，取消了约会。
call on/upon ★★①访问，拜访②要求；请求；号召
【例】①I hope to call on you at your office this afternoon.
我希望今天下午到您的办公室拜访您。
②I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting. 现在请主席为会议致词。
call up ★★★①打电话（给）②召集；征召……入伍③使人想起
【例】①I’ll call you up from the airport as soon as I land. 我一下飞机就从机场给你打电话。
②The commander called up all the forces for the attack. 指挥员集中了全部兵力来进攻。
③The smell of those flowers calls up my childhood. 那些花儿的气味让我想起了童年。cannot (help) but ★①不得不②[ 后面跟不带to 的不定式] 不由得，不禁要
【例】①He cannot but admit that he was wrong. 他只好承认自己错了。
②I could not but weep at the sad news. 听到这则不幸的消息，我禁不住哭了。
cannot help★★[ 后面跟动名词] 不禁要，忍不住要
【例】I couldn’t help laughing when I saw his haircut. 看到他的发型，我忍不住笑了。care for ★★★①照顾，照料②喜欢；喜好；爱
【例】①He is caring for his elderly parents. 他照顾着年迈的父母。
②He cares for her deeply. 他深深地爱着她。
carry forward ★★推进；发展；发扬
【例】After the death of the store’s founder, his sons carried forward the business.
这家商店的创建人去世以后，他的儿子们继续经营。
carry off ★★★拿走；夺走；偷走
【例】Thieves carried off the farmer’s sheep during the night. 小偷夜里把农民的羊偷走了。carry on ★★★继续，进行下去
【例】We can carry on our discussion after lunch. 我们可以午饭后继续讨论。
carry out ★★★①实行；执行；进行②完成；实现
【例】①We expect him to carry out his promise. 我们期待着他履行诺言。
②Once the work is started, it must be resolutely carried out. 工作一旦开始，就必须坚决完成。
carry weight ★有分量；有影响
【例】Any recommendation of this professor carries (great) weight. 这位教授的任何推荐都( 很) 有分量。
cast off★抛弃，丢弃
【例】Some people cast off clothing long before it is worn out. 有些人衣服还没有穿破就扔了。catch at ★★试图抓住；拼命抓住
【例】He caught at the ball but missed it. 他想去接球，但没接住。
catch hold of ★抓住；得到
【例】He caught hold of a log and was saved from drowning. 他抓住了一根木头，因而没有淹死。
catch on ★★★①流行起来②懂得，理解
【例】①I don’t think this strange new fashion will catch on. 我看这种奇特的新样式不会流行起来。
②It took me a while to catch on. 我过了一会儿才明白过来。
catch sight of ★★★发现；突然看见
【例】We caught sight of the boat as it emerged from the thick fog. 船从浓雾中出现时，我们看见了它。
catch up with ★★★赶上
【例】When will this country catch up with Japan in industrial production? 在工业生产上，这个国家什么时候能赶上日本？
centre around★以……为中心；集中于
【例】The discussion centred around reducing waste. 讨论集中在减少浪费的问题上。
check out★★★结账后离开（旅馆）
【例】Bob checked out an hour ago. 鲍勃一小时前结账离开旅馆了。
check up ★★检查（身体）；核实
【例】I asked the doctor to check me up. 我请医生检查一下我的身体。
check up on★★检查；调查；核实
【例】Let’s check up on our stocks of fuel. 咱们检查一下贮存的燃料吧。
cheer up ★★★高兴起来；振作起来
【例】She’ll cheer up when she sees her son. 她看到儿子后会高兴起来的。
clean up ★★★（把……）收拾干净
【例】She cleaned up before we arrived. 我们到达之前她就收拾干净了。
clear away ★★★拿走；移开；清除
【例】Please clear your papers away so that I can serve dinner. 请把你的报纸拿走，我好把饭菜端上来。
close down ★★★停业，停产
【例】When the supermarket opened, many small shops had to close down. 这家超市开业后，许多小店只好关门。
close in ★逼近，迫近；包围过来
【例】Darkness was gradually closing in. 夜幕渐渐降临了。
collide with★★与……相撞
【例】As the bus turned the corner, it collided with a van. 公共汽车在拐角
处转弯时和一辆货车相撞。
come about★★★发生，产生
【例】How did this accident come about? 这个事故是怎么发生的？
come across ★★★偶然遇见，碰上
【例】She came across some old letters in the course of her search.
她在找东西时发现了一些旧信件。
come at ★★★①攻击；冲向②获知；发现；了解到
【例】①That man came at me with a big stick. 那名男子拿了根大木棍向我冲来。
②I t w a s a l o n g t i m e b e f o r e w e c a m e a t t h e t r u t h .
过了好长时间我们才了解到事实真相。
come between ★★①使分开；离间②妨碍；打扰
【例】①We shouldn’t let a little thing like this come between us.
我们不应该让这样的小事使我们之间产生隔阂。
②He won’t let anything come between him and his daily work.
他不让任何事情妨碍他的日常工作。
come into effect★★实施；开始生效
【例】New laws to control rising prices have come into effect.
控制物价上涨的新法律已经开始生效。
come out★★★①出现，显露出来②被披露；被获知③结果是
【例】①The stars came out as soon as it was dark. 天一黑，星星就出来了。
②At last the truth has come out. 真相终于大白了。
③How did the story come out? 故事的结局如何?
come to ★★★①苏醒，恢复知觉②总数为，共计③涉及；谈到
【例】①He fell unconscious and didn’t come to until he reached the hospital.
他失去了知觉，到了医院才苏醒过来。
②The bill came to ＄130. 账单共计130 美元。
③When it comes to politics, I am completely at sea. 说到政治，我是一窍不通。
come true ★★（预言、期望等）实现，成为事实；应验
【例】His hope of living to 100 did not come true. 他想活到100 岁的愿望没有实现。come up ★★★出现，发生
【例】I’ve been looking for a new job, but nothing suitable has come up yet. 我一直在找一份新工作，但还没找到合适的。
come up to ★★（在质量等方面）比得上；达到（标准等）
【例】Your recent work hasn’t come up to your earlier standards.
你最近的工作没有达到以前的标准。
compare to ★★★把……比作
【例】Poets have compared death to sleep. 诗人把死亡比作睡眠。
compare with ★★★①把……和……相比②比得上
【例】①I f w e c o m p a r e F r e n c h s c h o o l s w i t h B r i t i s h s c h o o l s , w e f i n d t h e r e a r e m a n y differences. 如果把法国的学校和英国的学校相比较，我们会发现许多不同之处。
②Social life in a village cannot compare with that of a large city.
乡村的社交生活比不上大城市。
compensate for ★★赔偿；弥补
【例】Nothing can compensate for the loss of one’s health. 失去的健康无可弥补。concentrate on ★★★①集中精力于②将……集中于
【例】①I can’t concentrate on my work when I am hungry. 我饿了就无法集中精力工作。
②We must concentrate our efforts on improving our quality of service.
我们必须致力于改善服务质量。
consist of★★★由……组成（或构成）
【例】The committee consists of twelve members. 该委员会由12 个成员组成。
contrast with ★★（通过比较表明）与……有差异；与……形成对照
【例】Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises. 她的行动和她的诺言有天壤之别。contribute to ★★★有助于；促成；导致
【例】Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health. 新鲜空气和运动有助于身体健康。cope with ★★★有效地应付；妥善处理
【例】There was too much work for our computer to cope with. 需要我们的计算机处理的东西太多了。
correspond to★★相当于；与……相似
【例】The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 美国的国会相当于英国的议会。
count for ★★★有……价值；有……重要性
【例】Such men do not count for anything. 这样的人没有什么用处。
count on/upon ★★依靠，指望
【例】We can always count on him (for help/to help us) in any emergency. 在任何紧急情况下我们总是能够指望他的帮助。
cover up ★★★①把……盖起来②隐藏；掩盖；掩饰
【例】①Cover up the soup so that the flies don’t get at it. 把汤盖起来，免得让苍蝇碰到。
②She tried to cover up her nervousness as she waited to make her speech.
在等候讲话时，她竭力掩饰自己的紧张情绪。
cut back ★★★减少，缩减
【例】They were forced to cut back the education budget. 他们被迫削减教育预算。
cut down★削减；减少
【例】The doctor told him to cut down his consumption of fat.
医生建议他减少脂肪的摄入量。
cut in ★★插嘴，打断
【例】She always cuts in when other people are talking. 别人谈话时她老插嘴。
cut off ★★★①切断；阻断；打断②使分离；使隔绝
【例】①The fence cuts off our views of the sea. 篱笆挡住了我们观看大海的视线。
②Why did he cut himself off from society like that? 他为什么那样与世隔绝？
Ｄ
date back to★追溯到（=date from）
【例】My interest in stamp collecting dates back to my schooldays.
我从学生时代开始就爱好集邮。
deal in ★★★经营，做……生意
【例】Do you still deal in paint and wallpaper? 你还在经营油漆和墙纸生意吗？
deal with★★★处理；对付
【例】I’m used to dealing with matters of this sort. 我习惯于处理这类事情。
deceive into★★欺骗……（去做某事）
【例】They deceived us into buying a house that would be pulled down soon.
他们骗我们买了一座很快就要拆的房子。
depart from★★背离；违反
【例】We cannot depart from our regular practice in such cases. 在这种情况下，我们不能背离我们的常规做法。
depend on/upon★依靠，依赖；取决于
【例】Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep. 健康靠的是有营养的食物、新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。
derive from★★★从……中得到
【例】He derives a lot of pleasure from meeting new people. 他从结识新交中得到许多乐趣。descend from ★★起源于；从……传下来；是……的后裔
【例】This house descended from our ancestors. 这所房子是从我们祖上传下来的。descend to ★（境况、声誉等）降低到，堕落到
【例】You ought to be ashamed of yourself for having descended to such falsehood. 你竟然堕落到这么虚伪的地步，自己应该感到害臊。
devote to★★★把……专用于；把……献给
【例】I have to devote part of my income to paying my debts. 我得把部分收入用于还债。die away ★（声音、风、光等）变弱，逐渐消失，逐渐止息
【例】The hum of conversation died away as the curtain rose. 大幕拉开时，嗡嗡的谈话声渐渐止息了。
die for ★★［仅用于进行时态］渴望，热切期望
【例】I’m dying for a cup of water. 我真想喝杯水。
die of ★★因……而死
【例】They died of hunger and cold. 他们死于饥寒交迫。
die out★★★①（习俗、做法等）消失，过时②（家族、物种等）灭绝，绝迹
【例】①Many old customs are gradually dying out. 许多旧习俗正在逐渐消失。
②Elephants would die out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
如果人们可以随意射杀大象，大象就可能灭绝了。
direct to ★★★①对……讲（或写）②给……指去……的路
【例】①Please direct your complaints to the manager. 请你去向经理投诉。
②Can you direct me to the post office? 请问到邮局怎么走？
dispose of ★★★丢掉；除掉，处理掉
【例】We have disposed of the rubbish. 我们已经对那些垃圾进行了处理。
do away with ★★★废除；除掉；取消；摆脱
【例】It is time to do away with some of the old laws. 该是废除某些旧法律的时候了。
do one’s utmost ★竭尽全力
【例】The ambassador did his utmost to prevent the outbreak of war. 大使竭尽全力防止战争的爆发。
do without ★★★没有……也行，无须
【例】No one can do without sleep for very long. 长时间不睡觉，谁都受不了。
draw in★★①（天）渐黑；（白昼）渐短②（汽车或火车）到站
【例】①We got near our destination as day drew in. 快黄昏时我们接近了目的地。
②That express drew in ten minutes late. 那列快车晚点10 分钟进站。
draw up ★★★①起草，拟订②（使）停住
【例】①He drew up a list of the guests for the dinner. 他拟出一份出席宴会的客人名单。
②I drew the horse up only in time to avoid hitting the child. 我刚好及时勒住了马才没有撞上孩子。
dream of ★★★①梦见，梦到②向往，渴望
【例】①I dreamed of my grandmother last night. 昨晚我梦见了奶奶。
②When I was young, I dreamed of becoming a surgeon. 我年轻时渴望成为一名外科医生。
drop by ★★★顺便（或偶然）访问（=drop in）
【例】Drop by some time. 有空就顺便过来坐坐。
drop out ★★★退出；辍学；
【例】She got a scholarship to Cambridge but dropped out a year later. 她得到了剑桥大学的
奖学金，但一年后就退学了。
dwell on/upon★★老是想着；细想，全神贯注于
【例】She is a person who dwells upon her grieves. 她是个老想着伤心事的人。
Ｅ
emerge from ★★★从……中出来（或出现）
【例】The moon emerged from the clouds. 月亮从云层后面显露出来。
end in ★★★以……为结果，结果是；导致
【例】Their marriage ended in divorce. 他们的婚姻以离婚而告终。
end up★★★终结，告终
【例If you don’t slow down, you’ll end up in hospital.你要是不减速，最后会出事进医院的。enter into★★★①进入；进入……状态②开始；开始考虑；着手处理
【例】①These words have entered into general use. 这些词已经被广泛使用。
②T h e y e n t e r e d i n t o n e g o t i a t i o n w i t h t h e i r b u s i n e s s r i v a l s . 他们开始同生意的对手谈判。
entitle to ★★★［常用于被动语态］使……有权（做某事）；使有获得……的资格
【例】Only members of the company are entitled to use the facilities. 只有公司职员才有权使用这些设施。
expel from ★★①把……从……中赶走（或开除）②把……从……中排出
【例】①The headmaster may expel the boy from the school. 校长可能要开除这个男孩儿。
②The whale expelled water from his blowhole. 这头鲸从鼻孔把水排出。
expose to★★★使受……的作用（或影响）
【例】Stay indoors and don’t expose your skin to the sun. 呆在室内，别让皮肤在太阳下暴晒。
Ｆ
face up to ★★★勇敢地应付；正视，承认
【例】Yo u m u s t l e a r n t o f a c e u p t o y o u r r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s .
你必须学会勇敢地承担起自己的责任。
fall back ★★★后退；退却
【例】The crowd fell back to let the policemen through. 人群向后退去，以便让警察通过。
fall behind ★★落后
【例】He always falls behind when we are going uphill. 我们登山时，他总是落在后面。fall in love (with) ★爱上，喜爱
【例】I’ve fallen in love with your beautiful house. 我已经喜欢上了你这座漂亮的房子。fall short of ★★★达不到（目的、要求等）
【例】Your work falls short of the expected standard. 你的工作没有达到预期的标准。
fall to ★★开始（做某事）
【例】The old friends met and fell to talking about their school days.
老朋友一见面就开始谈论起他们的学生时代。
feed on/upon ★★以……为食
【例】Sheep feed mostly on grass. 羊主要以草为食。
feel like ★★★想要
【例】I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
figure out★理解；弄明白
【例】I’ve never been able to figure him out. 我一直不能理解他。
file for ★★★正式要求，申请
【例】They have filed for divorce. 他们已经正式申请离婚。
fill in★★★①填满；填平②填写；填入
【例】①They filled in the hole with dirt. 他们用土把这个洞填平了。
②Please fill in this application form. 请填写这张申请表。
find fault with★★抱怨；挑剔，找……的岔子
【例】Mary seems to find fault with everything. 玛丽好像对什么都吹毛求疵。
find out ★★★找出，查明，发现
【例】They have found out the truth. 他们已经查明了真相。
fit in ★★★相处融洽，适应环境
【例】Sophie joined the local drama club but didn’t seem to fit in, so she left.
索菲参加了当地的戏剧俱乐部，但她似乎不适应那里的环境，因此退出了。
fit in with★与……相符（或一致、相配等）
【例】Her account fits in with the facts. 她的叙述跟事实相符。
focus on/upon ★★聚焦于；集中于
【例】Many firms are focusing on increasing their markets overseas. 许多公司注意扩大海外市场。
Ｇ
get across ★★被人理解
【例】Your meaning didn’t really get across. 你的意思并没有真正被人理解。
get ahead ★★获得成功；取得进展
【例】It is easier for a person with a good education to get ahead. 受到良好教育的人更容易获得成功。
get along with★★★①与……相处融洽②在……方面取得进展
【例】①He doesn’t get along with anybody in the office. 他与办公室的人都合不来。
②How is your daughter getting along with her English? 你女儿的英语学得怎么样？
get back ★★★①返回②取回
【例】①Libby left for Reno on Monday and won’t get back until
Saturday. 莉比星期一到里诺去了，星期六才能回来。
②He has got back the land his family lost. 他重新获得了他们家失去的土地。
get by ★★①走过去②勉强过得去；
【例】①Let me get by, please. 请让我过去。
②Your work will get by, but try to improve it. 你的工作还过得去，不过要设法改进。
get down★★①下来②使沮丧
【例】①The bus was so jammed that I couldn’t get down. 公共汽车很拥挤，我都下不了车。
②This wet weather is getting me down. 这种阴湿天气让我打不起精神。
get into ★★★①对……发生兴趣②陷入；卷入③进入；渗透进
【例】①Jack got into radio when he was only twelve.
杰克12 岁的时候就对无线电感兴趣了。
②It’s easier to get into debt than to get out of it again. 负债容易还债难。
③The dust has got into my eye. 灰尘落入了我的眼睛。
get nowhere ★无进展；无结果
【例】The police tried to find out who had stolen the money, but they got nowhere in their
inquiries. 警方想查出谁偷了钱，但他们的调查没有任何结果。
get over ★★★①从（疾病、失望等）中恢复过来②克服③将……讲清楚
【例】①It took me a long time to get over my cold. 我这次感冒很长时间才好。
②The singer has to learn to get over his fear of the public. 歌手必须学会克服面对观众的恐惧心理。
③There is no point in having brilliant ideas unless you can get them over. 有好主意而表达不出来是毫无用处的。
get rid of ★★★摆脱；除去；处理掉
【例】It’s time we got rid of the old furniture. 我们该把这些旧家具处理掉了。
get through★★★①干完，完成②挨过
【例】①I’ve got through a lot of correspondence today. 我今天写了很多信。
②I don’t think they can get through the next year on your income. 我觉得他们靠你的收入是熬不过明年的。
give away★★★赠送；分发
【例】He gave away his books to a local library.
他把自己的书籍捐献给了当地的一家图书馆。
give birth to★★★①生（孩子）；产（仔）②造成；引起；产生
【例】①She has given birth to two sets of twins. 她已经生下了两对双胞胎。
②Their experiments gave birth to a new drug. 他们试验出了一种新药。
give in ★★★①屈服；让步②交上，呈上
【例】①The rebels were forced to give in. 叛乱分子被迫投降了。
②Please give your papers in when you have finished. 考卷答完后请上交。
give in to★让步于；屈从于
【例】Only a coward gives in to his fate. 只有胆小鬼才屈从于命运。
give off★★★发出（光、声音等）；散发出（气味）
【例】The cooker is giving off a funny smell. 锅里冒出一股怪味。
give out ★★分发，散发
【例】Give out the question papers ten minutes before the examination.
开考10 分钟前发试卷。
give rise to ★★★引起；导致；使产生
【例】Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumors. 她的失踪引起了各种流言蜚语。give up★★★停止，终止；放弃；戒掉
【例】The doctor told Sharon to give up sweets to loose weight. 医生要沙伦别再吃糖果，以减轻体重。
give way ★★★①让路②让步；屈服
【例】①He gave way at the door and let an old lady go in before him. 他在门口让开路，让一位老太太先进去。
②My new evidence forced him to give way. 我的新证据迫使他屈服了。
go after ★★★追赶；追捕；追逐，追求
【例】He goes after every woman he meets. 他对女人是见一个追一个。
go against ★★★①违反，违背②不利于
【例】①He went against my wishes when he did that. 他那样做违背了我的意愿。
②The case may go against you. 这个案子可能对你不利。
go back on ★★★违背（诺言等）
【例】He went back on his word and refused to lend us the money. 他违背诺言，拒绝借钱给我们。
go by ★★★①（时间）过去；从旁边经过②遵守；遵循，依据
【例】①When the days seem to go by slowly, you can tell you are not enjoying yourself.
当日子似乎过得很慢时，你就可以肯定自己过得不快活。
②He always goes by the rules. 他总是按规矩办事。
go for ★★★①尽力想获得；选择②攻击；抨击③喜爱，喜欢④适用于
【例】①I think I’ll go for the fruit salad. 我想我还是要水果沙拉吧。
②The two dogs went for each other as soon as they met. 这两条狗碰到一起就打架。
③She goes for tall slim men. 她喜欢瘦高个子的男子。
④Listen carefully, because this goes for you all. 认真听，这对你们大家都适用。
go from bad to worse★越来越坏，每况愈下
【例】The boy’s conduct in school has gone from bad to worse. 这个男孩儿在学校的表现越来越差。
go in for ★★★①从事，致力于；参加（比赛等）②爱好；沉迷于
【例】①Thousands of students are going in for the examination. 成千上万的学生要参加这次考试。
②I have never gone in for dancing. 我从不喜欢跳舞。
go into★★★①进入；住进；进入（某种状态等）②参加；开始从事③调查；研究【例】①The new regulation goes into effect today. 新章程即日生效。
②I am hoping to go into television when I graduate. 我希望毕业后能从事电视行业。
③The police are going into the murder case. 警方正在调查这起谋杀案。
go off ★★★爆炸；开火；突然响起
【例】The alarm went off when the thieves got in. 小偷一进去，警铃就响了。
go out of one ’s way ★特地，不怕麻烦地
【例】The shop assistant went out of his way to find what we needed. 那位店员不厌其烦地寻找我们所需要的东西。
go over★★★①仔细检查②复习
【例】①He went over the account in detail. 他详细检查了账目。
②They went over their lessons together at night. 他们晚上一起复习功课。
go through ★★★①仔细检查②经历；遭受③获得通过；被批准
【例】①She went through his pockets and eventually found the keys. 她仔细检查了他的口袋，终于找到了钥匙。
②The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
③As soon as his divorce went through, they got married. 他的离婚申请一获批准，他们就结婚了。
go to extremes ★走极端；采取极端的手段；说（做）得过分
【例】She goes to extremes in everything. 凡事她都走极端。
go wild★★极度兴奋；狂怒
【例】The crowd went wild as soon as Jack stepped onto the stage.
杰克一登台，人们顿时群情激动。
go without saying ★不用说，不言而喻，理所当然
【例】It goes without saying that a person with weak eye should wear glasses. 不言而喻，视力不佳的人应该戴眼镜。
go wrong★★★弄错，犯错误
【例】If you read the instructions, you’ll see where you went wrong. 你要是看一下说明书，就知道自己错在哪儿了。
grow out of★★★产生于，原出自
【例】All our troubles grow out of lack of money. 我们的一切麻烦都是因为缺钱。
guard against★★★防止；防范
【例】Brush your teeth to guard against tooth decay. 经常刷牙，预防龋齿。
Ｈ
hand down ★★把……传下去
【例】This painting has been handed down from father to son for generations. 这幅画父子相传已经好几代了。
hand in★★★交上；提交
【例】Please hand in your papers at the end of the exam. 考试完毕请把试卷交上来。
hand over ★★★交出；移交
【例】The captain was unwilling to hand over the command of his ship (to a younger man).
船长不愿移交船的指挥权( 给一个比他年轻的人)。
hang by a thread★★千钧一发，岌岌可危
【例】He is very sick and his life hangs by a thread. 他病得很重，生命危在旦夕。
hang on ★★坚持；抓紧，抓住
【例】Your task is tedious and difficult, but you must hang on till it is done. 你的任务单调而艰难，但是你一定要坚持到最后。
hang together★团结在一起；同心协力
【例】I hope we shall all hang together in this emergency. 我希望在这种紧急情况下我们大家团结一致。
have a bearing on ★与……有关；对……有影响
【例】This has no bearing on the question we are discussing. 这与我们正在讨论的问题无关。
have a hand in★★参与；介入
【例】He made all the arrangements himself, and would let no one else to have a hand in
them. 他独自安排一切事务，不让任何人插手。
head for ★★朝……行进；向……走去
【例】After the play we all headed for the bar. 看完戏后我们都去了酒吧。
hear about ★★听说，听到，得知
【例】I’ve only just heard about his dismissal. 我刚听到他被解雇的事。
hear from★★收到……的信（或电话等）
【例】I heard from him last week. 我上周收到他一封信。
help oneself★自用，自取（食物等）
【例】The food is all laid out on the table and you help yourself. 食物都摆在桌子上了，请自己取用吧。
help out ★使某人脱离困境
【例】My mother helped me out when I lost my job. 我失业时，我妈妈帮了我一把。
hold back★★★①阻挡；阻止；抑制②保守（秘密等）；隐瞒
【例】①He bravely held back his tears. 他强忍着不让眼泪流出来。
②We were sure he was holding something back from us. 我们肯定他有事瞒着我们。
hold up★★★①支持；支撑②使延迟；使停顿
【例】①The pillar holds up the roof. 柱子支撑着屋顶。
②Thick fog held the express up for three hours. 浓雾使这列快车耽误了三个小时。
hunt down ★★穷追；追捕到
【例】The police have hunted down the escaped prisoner. 警察已经追捕到那个逃犯。
Ｉ
identify with ★把……等同于
【例】One cannot identify happiness with wealth. 不能把幸福和财富混为一谈。
idle away ★虚度（光阴）；浪费（时间）
【例】They idled the afternoon away, playing cards. 他们用打牌来消磨整个下午的时间。impose on/upon ★把……强加于
【例】This proposal would impose a great burden on the country’s finances. 这个计划会给国家的财政增加很大的负担。
indulge in ★★沉溺于，沉迷于；尽情享受
【例】He is a busy man and seldom indulges in a holiday. 他是个忙人，难得有时间好好度假。inform of★★将（某事）通知或报告（某人）
【例】Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible. 地址如有变化，请尽快通知我们。
inquire into ★调查；查问；探究
【例】We must inquire further into the matter. 我们必须进一步调查此事。
insist on/upon ★①坚决要求②坚决主张
【例】①She insisted on our going by train. 她坚决要求我们乘火车去。
②He always insists on discipline in the classroom. 他一贯强调课堂纪律。
interfere in ★★干涉，干预
【例】You should not interfere in other people’s arguments. 你不应该干预别人的争论。
interfere with ★★★干扰；妨碍
【例】The sound of the radio upstairs interferes with my work. 楼上收音机的声音妨碍我工作。invest in ★★投资于
【例】Many people think it safest to invest in property. 许多人认为投资房地产最保险。
Ｋ
keep an eye on ★★①照料，照看②留神；密切注意
【例】①Keep an eye on the baby while I hang out the wash. 我到外面去晾衣服，你照看一下孩子。
②The police have been keeping an eye on the thief ever since he came out of prison.
那个小偷出狱后，警方一直密切注意着他。
keep off ★★①（使）不接近②不吃（食品、药物等）
【例】①Smoke will keep off mosquitoes. 烟会把蚊子薰走。
②After his illness, he kept off beer for a year. 生病以后，他有一年没沾啤酒。
keep pace (with)★★（与……）齐头并进，跟得上
【例】Could you slow down a bit? I can’t keep pace (with you). 你慢一点好吗？我跟不上。keep track of ★★★与……保持联系
【例】It’s hard to keep track of all one’s old school friends.与所有的老校友都保持联系很难。keep up ★★★（使）继续下去；保持
【例】They keep up the habit of visiting old friends. 他们保持着看望老朋友的习惯。
keep up with ★★★跟上；与……齐头并进
【例】I can’t keep up with all the changes in computer technology. 我跟不上计算机技术的这一切变化。
knock down ★★★①击倒；撞倒②使降价③拆除；拆散
【例】① A truck knocked the gate down. 一辆卡车把大门撞倒了。
②I managed to knock him/his prices down (from ＄120 to ＄80). 我设法压下了他的价格( 从120 美元减到80 美元)。
③Our house is being knocked down to make way for a new road. 我们的房子正在被拆掉，以便腾出地方修一条新路。
Ｌ
lay aside ★★★①把……放在一旁；放弃②留存，储存
【例】①We had to lay aside our plans for increasing production. 我们不得不放弃我们的增产计划。
②He laid aside the prize for a rainy day. 他把奖金储存了起来，以备不时之需。
lay claim to ★★★声称对（财产、遗产等）有权利
【例】Several people have laid claim to the money found. 已有好几个人声称这些找到的钱是自己的。
lay down ★★★①放下，搁下②规定；制定
【例】①We called on them to lay down their arms. 我们要求他们放下武器。
②He has laid down a plan for the holidays. 他拟定了一个度假计划。
lay off ★★★（暂时）解雇
【例】Some firms lay off some workers when business is slack. 有些公司在生意清淡时就解雇一些工人。
lay out ★★★铺开；摆好；展示
【例】She laid out the map on the table. 她把地图铺在桌上。
lean on/upon ★★依靠，依赖
【例】The minister leans on his advisors (for support). 这位部长依靠他的顾问们（给予支持）。learn of ★★★获悉，得知，了解
【例】I’m sorry to learn of your illness. 听说你病了，我很难过。
learn sth. by heart ★默记；熟记
【例】This is a good poem and I’ll try to learn it by heart. 这是首好诗，我要把它背下来。leave alone ★让……独自呆着；不触动；不打扰
【例】I’ve told you to leave my things alone. 我告诉过你别动我的东西。
leave behind ★★★把……撇在后面；不带；忘了带
【例】The plane is about to leave, and I’ve left my ticket behind! 飞机就要起飞了，我却忘了带机票！
let alone ★★★更别提，更不用说
【例】He is too ill to get out of bed, let alone go shopping. 他病重得都起不了床，更不用说出去买东西了。
let down ★使失望
【例】I am counting on you to support me; don’t let me down. 我指望着你支持我，可别让我失望。
lie in ★★★在于；位于
【例】His chief attraction lies in his character, not his looks. 他的主要吸引力在于他的性格，而不在于他的外貌。
lie with ★★★是……的义务（或职责）；取决于
【例】It lies with you to decide whether we should go or not. 我们该不该去，由你说了算。light up ★★★照亮；点燃
【例】 A flare lit up the sky. 一颗照明弹照亮了天空。
listen in ★收听；监听；偷听
【例】I didn’t realize he was listening in last night. 昨天晚上，我没有意识到他在偷听。live on ★★★靠……生活
【例】It must be very difficult to live on such a low salary. 靠这么低的工资生活一定很困难。live through ★★经过……之后还活着；经历过
【例】I am afraid he won’t live through the night. 我担心他活不过今天晚上。
live up to★★★遵守；履行，实践（诺言、原则等）
【例】He has no intention of living up to his promise. 他无意履行自己的诺言。
long for ★★★渴望，极想得到
【例】The children are longing for the holidays. 孩子们渴望放假。
look back on ★★回顾，回忆
【例】When I look back on my childhood, I realize how fortunate I was. 当我回顾童年时，我意识到自己是多么的幸运。
look down on/upon ★看不起，轻视
【例】You shouldn’t look down on the people who have never been to university. 你不应该瞧
不起那些没上过大学的人。
look for ★★★寻找；寻求
【例】I am looking for a suitable hotel; can you suggest one? 我正在找一家合适的旅馆；你能不能推荐一家？
look forward to ★★★欣然期待，盼望
【例】We’re so much looking forward to seeing you again. 我们是那么盼望再见到你。look into ★★★调查；观察；研究
【例】They are looking into the possibility of buying a house.他们正在研究买座房子的可能性。look on ★★★①旁观，观望②看待；考虑
【例】①Only one man tried to help us, and the rest just looked on in silence. 只有一个人试图帮助我们，其他人只是默默地观望。
②I look on him as my own son. 我把他看作自己的儿子。
look out ★★★注意，留神
【例】You’ll catch cold if you don’t look out. 要是你不注意，就会得感冒。
look out for ★★密切注意，提防
【例】Look out for hidden rocks! 当心暗礁！
look over ★★★把……（很快）看一遍
【例】I’ve looked over the plans, but I haven’t studied them in detail. 这些计划我浏览了，但还没仔细研究。
look to ★★注意，留心；照顾；看管
【例】You should look to your health. 你应该注意健康。
look up ★★★①好转，好起来②（在词典等中）查找；查（词典等）
【例】①The weather is looking up at last. 天气终于好转了。
②He is looking up their phone numbers in the directory. 他正在电话簿里查他们的电话号码。
look up to ★尊敬
【例】Children are usually taught to look up to their teachers. 人们通常教育孩子尊敬老师。lose heart ★失去勇气，丧失信心
【例】I used to dig the garden every week, but I lost heart when the rain washed all the plants away. 过去我每周都给花园松土，可是当这场雨把所有的植物都冲走时，我泄气了。
lose one ’s temper ★发脾气，发怒
【例】He was behaving so stupidly that I nearly lost my temper. 他的行为如此愚蠢，我几乎要发脾气。
lose oneself in ★专心致志于；沉醉于
【例】On a dull winter afternoon, I like to sit by the fire and lose myself in a good book.
在阴沉沉的冬季午后，我喜欢坐在火炉旁，全神贯注地读一本好书。
lose sight of ★看不见
【例】She lost sight of him in the crowd. 她在人群中看不见他。
Ｍ
major in★★★主修（大学的课程）
【例】She majored in American Literature (at university). 她( 在大学) 主修美国文学。make a difference ★有影响；起（重要）作用
【例】The rain didn’t make much difference to the game. 这场雨对比赛影响不大。
make for ★★★①走向，朝……前进②有助于
【例】①It started to rain, so she made for the nearest shelter. 开始下雨了，于是她向最近的避雨处奔去。
②The large print makes for easy reading. 大号字体便于阅读。
make friends (with)★★★（与……）交朋友；（与……）和好
【例】It took them a long time to make friends after the quarrel. 他们吵架后很长一段时间才和好。
make it★★★①及时到达②获得成功
【例】①I think we’ll just make it. 我看我们会及时到达。
②He’s never made it as an actor. 他当演员从未获得成功。
make peace★言和，和解
【例】Stop fighting, you two —shake hands and make (your) peace (with each other)! 你们俩别打了——握手言和吧！
make sense★★有意义；有道理；讲得通
【例】What you say doesn’t make sense. 你的话没有道理。
make sure★★★①查明，弄确实②务必，确保
【例】①I think I locked the door, but I’ll just go back to make sure (of it / that it is). 我想我锁上了门，但我还是要回去查看一下。
②Make sure that you get here before midnight. 你务必在午夜之前到达这里。
make the acquaintance of sb.★★结识某人；与某人相见
【例】I made the acquaintance of Tom at a party. 我是在一个聚会上认识汤姆的。
make up ★★★捏造；虚构
【例】He made up a poor excuse for being late. 他为迟到编造了一个不能自圆其说的理由。make up for★★★补偿；弥补
【例】Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence. 往往勤能补拙。
make use of★★★利用；运用；使用
【例】You should train them to make use of reference books. 你应该训练他们使用参考书。make way★★让路，腾出地方（或位置）
【例】When the older men retire, they make way for younger men to take their places.
老年人退休时便把位置让给了青年人。
may as well ★倒不如；不妨
【例】You may as well tell him the truth. 你倒不如把真相告诉他。
Ｎ
narrow down ★（范围）缩小
【例】The police have narrowed down their list of suspects. 警方已经缩小了嫌疑人的范围。never mind ★★★不用担心，不要紧，没关系
【例】Did you miss the bus? Never mind, there would be another one in five minutes. 你是不是错过了公共汽车？别担心，五分钟后还有一辆。
Ｏ
object to ★★★反对，不赞成；抗议
【例】I object to being treated like this. 我对受到这样的待遇表示抗议。
occur to ★★被想起，被想到
【例】The possibility that she might be wrong never even occurred to her.
大学英语四级语法精要 一、动词(时态，语态，用法，省略，一致性等) （一）时态 1、主动形式 过去现在将来过去将来一般did do will/shall do should/would do 进行was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚拟语气完成进行had been doing have/has been doing / / 2、被动形式 过去现在将来过去将来 一般was/were given am/is/are given Will / shall be given should/would be given 进行was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成进行/ / / / · CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 ·时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时所有的过去 用一般现在时表示现在和将来 现在完成时现在完成和将来完成 3、现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. · I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve bee n sitting in the garden. 4、过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 · We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. 5、将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. · By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years. 6、将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事. · I shall have finished this one before lunch. They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October. （二）语态 1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: · He was said to be jealous of her success. It was said that he was jealous of her success. ·能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词，常见的
大学英语四级常考词组固 定搭配 Last revision on 21 December 2020
by accident 偶然 on account of 因为，由于，为了……的缘故 in addition to 另外，加之 in addition 除…之外（还）in the air 流传中 on （the／an） average 按平均值，通常 on the basis of 根据，在…的基础上 at best 充其量，至多 for the better 好转，向好的方向发展 on board 在船（车或飞机）上out of breath 喘不过气来 on business 因公，因事 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in case of 假如，如果发生；防备 in case 假使，以防（万一）in no case 决不，无论如何不by chance 偶然，碰巧 in charge （of）负责，管理（a）round the lock 日夜不停地 in common 共用的，共有的 in conclusion 最后，总之 on condition （that）如果in consequence of 由于…的缘故，因为 on the contrary 正相反 in contrast with／to 与…对比起来，与…形成对比 out of control 失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险 have／gain access to 可以获得 take…into account 考虑到，顾及，体谅 take advantage of 占…的便宜，利用 pave the way （for）铺平道路，为…作准备
WinKey大学英语四级常用词组搭配 为了迎接即将到来的英语四级考试，WinKey英启在线英语为大家精心准备了大学英语四级常用词组搭配，一起来看看吧！ a series of 一系列，一连串 above all 首先，尤其是 after all 毕竟，究竟 ahead of 在……之前 ahead of time 提前 all at once 突然；同时 all but 几乎；除了……都 all of a sudden 突然 all over 遍及 all over again 再一次，重新 all the time 一直，始终 all the same 仍然，照样的 as regards 关于，至于 anything but 根本不 as a matter of fact 实际上 apart from 除……外（有/无） as a rule 通常，照例 as a result (of) 因此，由于 as far as ...be concerned 就……而言 as far as 远至，到……程度 as for 至于，关于 as follows 如下 as if 好像，仿怫 as good as 和……几乎一样 as usual 像平常一样，照例 as to 至于，关于
all right 令人满意的；可以 as well 同样，也，还 as well as 除……外（也）即……又aside from 除……外（还有） at a loss 茫然，不知所措 at a time 一次，每次 not at all 丝毫（不），一点也不 at all costs 不惜一切代价 at all events 不管怎样，无论如何at all times 随时，总是 at any rate 无论如何，至少 at best 充其量，至多 at first 最初，起先 at first sight 乍一看，初看起来 at hand 在手边，在附近 at heart 内心里，本质上 at home 在家；在国内 at intervals 不时；每隔... at large 大多数；未被捕获的 at least 至少 at last 终于 at length 最终，终于 at most 至多；不超过 at no time 从不，决不 by accident 偶然 at one time 曾经，一度；同时 at present 目前；现在 at sb’s disposal 任……处理 at the cost of 以……为代价 at the mercy of 任凭……摆布
四级短语及常用词组大全 1.With the help of 在～～帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在～～领导／关心下 2.be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格 3.at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4.in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上 5.lie in 位于～～之内 lie on 同～～接壤 lie to 位于～～之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以～～名义 8. in the air 空中，在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用～～方法 in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步，屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way to 在去～～的路上 Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处（外角） in the corner 在角落里（内角） on the corner 在角落上（外角上） 11. judge by / from 根据～～来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在～～结束时 at the beginning of 在～～开始时 at the back of 在～～背后，支持 at the age of ～～岁时 at the foot of 在～～脚下 at the bottom of 在～～底部 at the top of 在～～顶上 at/on the edge of 在～～边上 13. in the course of 在～～过程中 in the middle of 在～中间 in the eyes of 从～～观点看来，在～～眼里 in the face of 面对～，尽管，纵使 in the end =at last=finally 最后 14. on the eve of 在～～前夕 on the side of 在～～一边 15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后 for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间 16. behind time 迟到，过期 behind the times 落在时代后面 17. at no time 决不 in no time 立即，马上 18. at one time = once time 曾经 at a time = each time 每次 at times = sometimes 有时 at all times 经常，一直，始终 at the same time 同时 at the time 在～～的时候 by the time 到～～的时候 19. for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 at the moment 当时 the moment /minute /instance 正当～～一刹那20. once or twice 一两次 more than once 不止一次 once more 重新，又 once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔
英语四级重要词组 1.abide by（=be faithful to ; obey）忠于；遵守。 2. be absent from…缺席，不在 3. absence or mind（=being absent-minded）心不在焉 4. absorb（=take up the attention of）吸引…的注意力（被动语态）be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 5. （be）abundant in（be rich in; be well supplied with）富于，富有 6. access（to）（不可数名词）能接近，进入，了解
7. by accident（=by chance, accidentally）偶然地，意外。Without accident （=safely）安全地， 8. of one’s own accord（=without being asked; willingly; freely）自愿地,主动地 9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同…不一致 10. with one accord （=with everybody agreeing）一致地 11. in accordance with （=in agreement with）依照，根据 12. on one’s own account 1）为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益2）（=at one’s own risk）自行负责3）（=by oneself）依靠 自己on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有……重要性。 13. take…into account（=consider）把…考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明，解释（理由）
英语四级常用词组 1.in the long run 从长远来看，最后 2.on offer 在出售中 3.choose from... 从...中挑选 4.be curious about... 对...感到好奇 5.confront with... 使面临, 使面对 6.with interest 有兴趣地 7.an average of ... 平均是... 8.at high altitudes 在很高的地方 9.draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 10.focus on 集中 11.in years to come 在未来的几年内 12.as a matter of fact 实际上 13.adopt a positive approach 采取一种正确的方法 14.wait for 等待 15.pass through 经过, 通过 16.a sequence of 一系列的 17.set apart from 把...区分开 18.take ... for granted 以...为骄傲 19.be aware of/that 注意到 20.translate into 翻译成 21.set in 开始22.intend to do 想要做 23.looking forward to 期望 24.be built from... 用...去建造 25.a wide variety of 很多的 26.at advanced levels 在高级范围内 27.carry out 完成，实施 28.according to 根据 29.aim to do 指望做某事 30.make sacrifices to do 做出牺牲而做 31.in depth 深入地 32.a series of 一系列,一连串 33.above all 首先,尤其是 34.after all 毕竟,究竟 35.ahead of 在...之前 36.ahead of time 提前 37.all at once 突然,同时 38.all but 几乎;除了...都 39.all of a sudden 突然 40.all over 遍及 41.all over again 再一次,重新 42.all the time 一直,始终 43.all the same 仍然,照样的
大学英语四级写作关键词及短语汇总 平时仍然坚持读报纸或者书籍时刻积累我将来自己写作时可以用到的词汇，这个建议希望大家不光是在应试英语的时候很应试的去这样做，应当养成一种习惯，你会发现，几乎所有同学的写作或者口语问题，都是不知道用哪个词，不知道用什么词，并不是语法问题，逻辑问题，那么所那些浩瀚的词库(例如四级要求4500，考研要求6500，托福要求8000，GRE要求12000)加以应用化，精简化，因为很多同学即便单词都会记住了，依然不知道用什么词，至少不能短期反应过来，因为你脑中有太浩瀚的非应用性词汇，一定要在脑子里还要有一个写作词库。 下面列举一部分，很适合各个梯度的考试的写作用词，第一，直接面向常用的高频意思表达。第二，更加地道。 一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of 无数innumerable ; countless 许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample 非常多(大)的tremendous 依序列举list in sequence 时间词 过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic 短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived 不合时宜的anachronism 可持久的durable ; last a long time 一再time after time ; again and again 初始的preliminary 前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former 自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages 年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult 老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated 偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times 时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly 永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life 重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities 目前so far ; by far 一次就可完成的事one-time event 正/反意见(opinion) yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove 支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold 谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of 错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect
大学英语四级短语及常用词组大全． 四级短语及常用词组大全 1.With the help of 在～～帮助下under the leadership / care of 在～～领导／关心下
2.be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格 3.at 目前present=at the present time for the present 暂时 4.in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 在世界上under the sun 同～～接5.l lie on ie in 位于～～之内位于～～之外壤 lie to 丝least least 6. at 至少 in
the 毫，一点 in the name of 名叫7. by name 以～～名义the on air in 8. the 空中，在流传 air 播出9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用～～方法 在某点上，在某种程度上in a way get one's own way to do 随心所欲 让步，屈服give way 路迷way s 'one lose by the way 顺便说一下 on one's way to 在去～～的路上Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处（外角） in
the corner 在角落里（内角） on the corner 在角落上（外角上）11. judge by / from 根据～～来判断judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在～～结束时 在～～开始时at the beginning of 持支～在～背后，back at the of ～～岁时at the age of
大学英语四级考试重点词组大家注意了—— 这些词组和搭配在阅读大学英语四级词汇与语法和完形填空题以考查各类词组和固定搭配为重点，以便帮助大家学所以这里将各类词组以词性为中心加以分类，理解、翻译和写作中也有重要作用，研究生入学英语考试中它们也是习和记忆。这些词组和固定搭配不仅在四、六级考试中至关重要，考查重点。一、名词词组和固定搭配介词+名词1. byaccident偶然 onaccountof 因为，由于，为了……的缘故inadditionto另外，加之) 还除…之外inaddition( 流传中intheair ／on(the an)average按平均值，通常根据，在…的基础上onthebasisof atbest充其量，至多forthebetter好转，向好的方向发展上(onboard在船车或飞机) outofbreath喘不过气来onbusiness因公，因事inanycase无论如何，不管怎样 假如，如果发生；防备incaseof) (万一假使，以防incase innocase决不，无论如何不bychance 偶然，碰巧负责，管理incharge(of)(a)roundthelock日夜不停地incommon共用的，共有的inconclusion最后，总之oncondition(that)如果 inconsequenceof由于…的缘故，因为onthecontrary正相反／to与…对比起来，与…形成对比incontrastwith outofcontrol失去控制undercontrol处于控制之下 atallcost不惜任何代价，无论如何以…为代价atthecostof inthecourseof在…过程中，在…期间ofcourse当然，自然indanger在危险中，垂危outofdanger脱离危险outofdate过时的，不用的uptodate现代化的，切合目前情况的非常需要的，受欢迎的indemand欠债，负债indebt indetail详细他indifficulties处境困难在远处inthedistance) (的，不在值班下了班offduty(的)) 的()(onduty在上班的，在值班究竟，到底onearth atallevents无论如何，不管怎样inanyevent无论如何，不管怎样intheeventof万一，倘若forexample例如在…面前；不顾inthefaceof其实，实际上infact赞同，支持infavo(u)rof onfire着火，起火onfoot步行生效，有效；在实施中；大量的inforce在…面前，在…前面infrontof今后，从今以后infuture inthefuture在将来ingeneral一般说来，大体上 on(one's)guard警惕，提防；站岗，值班inhalf成两半athand近在手边，在附近byhand用手，用体力handdown把…传下去 handinhand手拉手；密切关联地，同时并进地 )在进行中；在控制中inhand(工作等onhand在手边，在近处on(the)onehand一方面另一方面ontheotherhand内心里，本质上atheart凭记性byheart athome在家，在国内；舒适，无拘束；熟悉，精通为纪念，为了向…表示敬意inhono(u)rof on／uponone'shono(u)r以名誉担保匆忙，急于inahurry 例如；比如forinstance) 或距离不时，每隔一段时间(atintervals终于at(long)last atleast至少终于，最终；详细地atlength in(the)lightof鉴于，由于．动词+名词2 ／gainaccessto可以获得have take…intoaccount考虑到，顾及，体谅takeadvantageof占…的便宜，利用铺平道路，为…作准备pavetheway(for)payattentionto注意／tryone'sbest 尽力，努力do 战胜／havethebestof get makethebestof充分利用 havethebetterof战胜，在…中占上风get／屏息；喘气，气喘；歇口气catchone'sbreath注意，当心takecare爱护，照料takecareof takeachance冒险，投机开始管理，接管takecharge keep…company陪伴以…为乐take(a)delightin作用有影响，起(重要)makeadifference使生效，实行，实现bring／putintoeffect carry／gointoeffect生效，实施／come 生效，起作用takeeffect被某人看到，引起某人注意catchsb'seyekeepaneyeon留神，照看，密切注意 做鬼脸makeaface findfaultwith抱怨，挑剔，找岔子着火，开始燃烧catch(on)fire与(…)交朋友makefiends(with)befriendswith与…友好makefunof取笑，拿…开玩笑keepsb'shead保持
一、常用单词组 education 教育 input in education 教育投入 communal participation 社会参与enhance the moral awareness of 提高……的思想品德 professional ethics 职业道德 credit system 学分制 guarantee job assignments 包分配multidisciplinary 多学科的 key university 重点大学 national expenditure on education 国家教育经费 account for…% 占百分比 intercultural communication 国际文化交流 equal stress on integrity and ability 德才兼备 to become educated through independent study 自学成材 compulsory education 普及教育preschool/elementary/secondary/higher / education 学前/初等/中等/高等教育adult education 成人教育 vocational and technical education 职业技术教育 institutions of higher learning 高等学校 inservice training course 在职进修班compulsory/optional course 必修/选修课 record of formal schooling 学历diploma 文凭，学历证明 二、常用句型 1、It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型 She had said what it was necessary to say. 2、强调句型 It is not who rules us that is important , but how he rules us. 3、"All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词) He was all gentleness to her. 4、利用词汇重复表示强调 A crime is a crime a crime. 5、"something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似。" They say that he had no universty education , but he seems to be something of a scholar. 6、同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那骗子般的父亲"。 Those pigs of girls eat so much. 7、as…as…can(may)be It is as plain as plain can be. 8、"It is in(with)…as in(with)" It is in life as in a journey. 9、"as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如;实际上，其实，实在。 The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him. 10、"many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……，
A a bill of fare菜单/节目单a case in point一个恰当的例子 a couple of一对/一双/几个 a far cry遥远的距离 a few少许/一些 a good deal许多/大量/…得多 a good few相当多/不少 a good many大量的/许多/相当多 a hard nut to crack棘手的问题
a little一些/少许/一点儿a lot of大量/许多/非常 a number of一些/许多 a point of view观点/着眼点 a series of一系列/一连串a variety of种种/各种abound in盛产/富于/充满above all首先/首要/尤其是 according as根据…而…according to根据…所说/按照 account for说明(原因等)/
解释 accuse sb. of sth.控告(某人某事) act for代理 act on按照…而行动 act out演出 adapt to适应 add up加算/合计 add up to合计达/总计是adhere to粘附在…上/坚持 admire to do sth.(美口)很想做某事 admit of容许有/有…余地
admit to承认 advertise for登广告征求(寻找)某物 affect to假装 afford to(买)得起(某物) after a little过了一会儿after a while过了一会/不久 after all毕竟/终究/虽然这样 agree on同意/赞成agree to同意/商定 agree with同意/与…取得一致
英语四级作文常用短语表达 1. 随着经济的繁荣with the booming of the economy 2. 随着人民生活水平的显著提高with the remarkable improvement of people ‘s living standard 3. 先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4. 为我们日常生活增添了情趣add much spice / flavor to our daily life 5. 人们普遍认为It is commonly believed that 6. 我同意前者（后者）观点I give my vote to the former / latter opinion. 7. 引起了广泛的公众关注Sth. has aroused wide public concern. / Sth has drawn great public attention. 8. 不可否认It is undeniable that 9. 热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion / debate 10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue 11. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned ，/ Personally 12. 有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons 13. 双方的论点argument on both sides 14. 发挥日益重要作用play an increasingly important role in 15. 对?必不可少be indispensable to 16. 正如谚语所说As the proverb goes 17. 对?产生有利/ 不利的影响exert positive / negative effects on 18. 利远远大于弊The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 19. 导致，引起lead to / give rise to / contribute to / result in 20. 复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
英语四级考试重要词组资料 大学的要求考生三到五千的词汇量，当然这其中也是有侧重点的，下面为大家搜索整理了英语四级考试重要词组供大家参考学习，希望能给大家带来帮助! for the moment 暂时，目前 for the present 暂时，目前 for the sake of 为了，为了……的利益 for the time being 暂时，眼下 foreign to 非……所原有 free of /from 未受……;免费 free with 康慨，大方 from time to time 有时，不时 full up 客满 get a bargain 买到便宜货 get nowhere with 毫无进展 get over 恢复 get used to 习惯于 give off 发出 give someone a big hand 为某人鼓掌 give someone a hand 帮忙 go about sth. 开始做… go after 追求 go ahead 同意做某事 go by 遵守
go down 下降，往下传 go for 竭尽全力做 go into 进入，开始从事 go off 出发 go out 熄灭，外出 go over 复习 go over 复习，从头到尾检查一遍go round/around 足够分配 go sightseeing 去观光 go steady with 和某人确定关系go through 从头到尾 go without 单独 guilty of 有……罪的 had better 最好 hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联hang up 挂断 have one's hands full have the final say 有决定权 head on 迎面地，正面的 heart and soul 全心全意地 hold out for sth. 坚持要求 hold up 坚持 hold water 站得住脚
大学英语四级作文常用词组一 by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守. 2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在 3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 6. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 7. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益2) (=at one’s o wn risk) 自行负责3) (=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 8. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去 9. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由) 10. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 二 1. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 2. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地 3. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同….不一致 4. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 5. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为. 6. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)
四级写作 一、写作词组 1、第一 In the first place First and foremost To begin with The most important factor that we have to take into consideration is … 2、第二 Secondly In the second place What is more Further more Moreover 3、第三 Thirdly In addition Besides Additionally Besides what’s mentioned above , it’s necessary to think about… In addition to what’s talked about above. it’s necessary to think about …
4、转折 However Nonetheless（虽然如此，但是） Nevertheless（然而，不过） 5、所以 Therefore In naturally follows that … (由此可见) Consequently As a result 6、总而言之 In conclusion To conclude In a/one word 二、三大方法 1、写引导词 With the development / society / culture / economy / information technology / industry / commerce / industrialization and commercialization more and more people are paying attention to … / attention is paid by more and more people to … (一般这俩句连着用在开头)
英语四级词组列表 国家英语四级考试词组 和完形填空题以考查各类词组和固定搭配为重点，这些词组和搭配在阅读理解、翻译和写作中也有重要作用，所以这里将各类词组以词性为中心加以分类，以便帮助大家学习和记忆。这些词组和固定搭配不仅在四、六级考试中至关重要，研究生入学英语考试中它们也是考查重点。 一、名词词组和固定搭配 1.介词+名词 by accident 偶然 on account of 因为，由于，为了......的缘故in addition to 另外，加之 in addition 除...之外(还) in the air 流传中 on (the／an) average 按平均值，通常 on the basis of 根据，在...的基础上 at best 充其量，至多 for the better 好转，向好的方向发展on board 在船(车或飞机)上 out of breath 喘不过气来 on business 因公，因事 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in case of 假如，如果发生；防备in case 假使，以防(万一) in no case 决不，无论如何不 by chance 偶然，碰巧 in charge (of) 负责，管理 (a)round the lock 日夜不停地 in common 共用的，共有的 in conclusion 最后，总之 on condition (that) 如果 in consequence of 由于...的缘故，因为 on the contrary 正相反 in contrast with／to 与...对比起来，与...形成对比out of control 失去控制 under control 处于控制之下 at all cots 不惜任何代价，无论如何at the cost of 以...为代价 in the course of 在...过程中，在...期间 of course 当然，自然 in danger 在危险中，垂危 out of danger 脱离危险 out of date 过时的，不用的 up to date 现代化的，切合目前情况的in demand 非常需要的，受欢迎的in debt 欠债，负债 in detail 详细他 in difficulties 处境困难 in the distance 在远处 off duty 下了班(的)，不在值班(的) on duty 在上班(的)，在值班(的) on earth 究竟，到底at all events 无论如何，不管怎样 in any event 无论如何，不管怎样 in the event of 万一，倘若 for example 例如 in the face of 在...面前；不顾 in fact 其实，实际上 in favo(u)r of 赞同，支持 on fire 着火，起火 on foot 步行 in force 生效，有效；在实施中；大量的in front of 在...面前，在...前面 in future 今后，从今以后 in the future 在将来 in general 一般说来，大体上 on (one's) guard 警惕，提防；站岗，值班in half 成两半 at hand 近在手边，在附近 by hand 用手，用体力 hand down 把...传下去 hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联地，同时并进地in hand (工作等)在进行中；在控制中on hand 在手边，在近处 on (the) one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 at heart 内心里，本质上 by heart 凭记性 at home 在家，在国内；舒适，无拘束；熟悉，精通in hono(u)r of 为纪念，为了向...表示敬意on／upon one's hono(u)r 以名誉担保 in a hurry 匆忙，急于 for instance 例如；比如 at intervals 不时，每隔一段时间(或距离) at (long) last 终于 at least 至少 at length 终于，最终；详细地 in (the) light of 鉴于，由于 2．动词+名词 have／gain access to 可以获得 take...into account 考虑到，顾及，体谅take advantage of 占...的便宜，利用pave the way (for) 铺平道路，为...做准备pay attention to 注意 do／try one's best 尽力，努力 get／have the best of 战胜 make the best of 充分利用