2014年教材电子版B级阅读理解部分第17-33篇
17 Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost
Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health，but also for the whole immune system，especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model，researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS)1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease，generally when the body is challenged.
The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation ? but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.
In what was the longest study of its kind，pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. "The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch, ” said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universit at Autonoma de Barcelona3，Spain. Humans do not eat raw potatoes，but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch，such as cold boiled potatoes，legumes，grains，green bananas，pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch 一starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)4.
Immunology expert Lena Ohman's team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden5. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI6.
词汇：
boost /burst/ vt. 8cn,提高，举起
bowel /'bau^l/ n.(常用复数）肠
salad /'saebd/ n.色拉（西餐中的一种凉拌菜）
Spain /spein/ n.西班牙
starch /staitj/ n.淀粉
leucocyte /'1( j)uik9sait/ n.白细胞
lymphocyte / 丨limfosait/ n.淋巴细胞
inflammation / 丨infb丨meijan/ n.炎，炎症；发炎部位
down-regulation n.下调，向卞调节
Spanish /'spaenij/ adj,西班牙的
indicative /in'dikstiv/ adj.指示性的；象征性的；预示性的
density /'denssti/ n.密度
apoptosis /,aep9p't9usis/ n.细胞凋亡（细胞的自然死亡）
simulate /'simjuleit/ vt 模仿，模拟
resistant /ri'zistsnt/ adj.有抵抗力的；耐久的
Barcelona /丨ba:si丨buns/ n.巴塞罗那（西班牙港市）
legume /'legjuim^i'gjuim/ n.豆，（豆）荚
pasta /'paests/ n.意大禾!j 面食
cereal /'sisri^l/ n.(常用复数）（作为主粮的）谷物类
digest /di'd3est,dai-/ v.消化intestine /in'testin/ n.(常用复数）肠
shunt /jAnt/ v.(使）分流
ferment /'f3:ment/ v.(使）发酵
immunology /iimjui'nDbdsij-mju-/ n.免疫学
peripheral /ps'nfsrol/ adj.周围的;表面的
gut /gAt/ n.肠
hypothesis /hai'pD0isis/ n.(学说的）假设，假定
inflammatory /in'flaemstori/ adj.发炎的，炎性的
注释：
1. raw potato starch (RPS)：未经加工的土豆淀粉
2. The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.西班牙研究者们所观察到的白血球水平整体下调意味着未经加工的土豆淀粉具有全面的有益作用，也就是总的来说身体是更加健康。
3. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona是西班牙一个少数民族语——加泰隆语，意为“巴塞罗那自治大学”。这是该大学的原名。
4. irritable bowel syndrome (IBS):肠易激综合征
5. Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden:瑞典哥德堡大学内科医学系
6. SCI (Science Citation Index):科学引文索引。美国科学信息研究所1961年创办出版的引文数据库。
练习：
1 What form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?
A Potato soup.
B Potato cake.
C Potato salad.
D Hot boiled potato.
2 What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?
A It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation.
B It may mean somewhere in the body is inflamed.
C It means that the body is challenged.
D It means that the body cannot produce leucocytes any more.
3 For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato starch in their experiment?
A They wanted to observe how the leucocyte levels reduced in the experimental pigs.
B They wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch.
C They wanted to see how much potato an experimental pig ate every day.
D They wanted to see how much body weight each experimental pig gained in the end.
4All of the following foods are rich in resistant starch EXCEPT
A pasta.
B grains.
C legumes.
D vegetables.
5What a kind of starch is resistant starch after all?
A It may cause irritable bowel syndrome.
B It may bring about at least partially inflammatory disorder.
C It may raise leucocyte and lymphocyte levels in the body.
D It cannot be digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine.
1. C短文开头第一句就说,“吃土豆有益于肠道健康，而且对整个免疫系统也有益,尤其是吃土豆色拉或凉吃”，因此在四个选项中最有营养的非C项莫属。
2. A第二段第三句说，“淋巴细胞水平低显示炎症水平下降”，故其他B、C、D三个选项均不
正确。
3. B ^二段第二句引用了研究组负责人自己的话说，“在实验中使用未经加工的土豆淀粉，就是为了模拟富含耐久淀粉的饮食所起的作用”，其他A、C、D三个选项文章均没有提及。
4. D第四段第一句列出了一些富含耐久淀粉的食品，其中就没有D项“蔬菜”，而且实际上蔬菜也不是富含淀粉的食物。
5. D第四段倒数第二句已经解释了耐久淀粉的特点：“不能在小肠中消化，而是分流到大肠，在大肠中发酵。”其他选项个别词语虽在短文中出现过，但都不是说明耐久淀粉的。
18 Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics
Most older people with so-called type H diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday. Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet's Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body's ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent, the newspaper reported.
This is equal to1 the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today，it said. Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type n, all more than
60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects' muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.2
Associate Professor3 Dr. Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthy non?exercising persons.
"This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes,4 but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off5 the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment，” Dela was quoted as saying.6 Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas，controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes.
Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up7 a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off6 after five days without sufficient exercise.
Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added.
词汇：insulin /丨insjulin/ n.胰岛素
diabetic /,dai9'betik/ adj.(患）糖尿病的; .n.糖尿病患者
diabetes /idais'biitiiz/ n.糖尿病；多尿症
brisk /brisk/ adj.轻快的；活泼的，活跃的
Copenhagen /丨ksijpsn丨heigsn/ n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都）muscle /丨mAsl/ n.肌肉
utilise ( = utilize) /丨ju:tilaiz/ vt.利用，使用
medication /jmedi'kei/sn/ n.药物，药物治疗subject /'sAbdsikt/ n.实验对象
utilisation ( = utilization) /juitilai'zei/on/n.利用，使用
… saying /'senq/ n. hormone /'hoimsun/ n.激素pancreas /'paeqkriss/ n. JR(H)
1. be equal to;等于
2. as a measure for how well their insulin worked:作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。从语法上分析，how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。
3. associate professor ：副教授
4. ... cannot cure people of diabetes:不能治好人们的糖尿病。
cure sb. of sth.：给某人医治某病。例如:liiis medicine should cure you of your cold.这药准能治好你的感冒。
5. put off:推迟，延期
6. Dela was quoted as saying:Dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。注意谓语是被动语态。
7. work up:逐步引起，激起
8. wear off:逐渐消失，
9. (be) unaware of sth.：不知道，没觉察
练习：
1. How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?
A By taking more salt than usual.
B By taking less salt than usual.
C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.
D By going climbing, swimming or boxing every day.
2. Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin by
A 70 per cent.
B 30 per cent.
C 60 per cent.
D only a few per cent.
3. The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included
A elderly non-diabetic men.
B elderly type II diabetic men.
C both sexes of all ages.
D both A and B.
4. To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect?
A To the degree where they begin to sweat.
B To the degree where they feel exhausted.
C To the point when they feel thirsty.
D To the point when they have to take insulin.
5. According to Dela, among most diabetics the importance of exercise is the importance of watching their diet.
A as poorly understood as
B as well understood as
C less understood than
D better understood than
1. C文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至终都没有提到。
2. B文章第二段说到，体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。~
3. D此题答案在文章第四段，实验对象既有n型糖尿病患者，也有健康人，而且都是60岁以上的男人。
4. A文章倒数第二段说到，体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。
5. C最后一段明确说到，大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食，但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性。
19 Prolonging Human Life
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often "go on welfare" if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.
词汇：
dependency n.依赖性
contemporary α.现代的
obligation n. 义务
insurance n. 保险
welfare n.福利
senile αdj. 衰老的
grave αdj. 严肃的
convalescent αdj.康复的
sponsor v. 发起，资助
institution n. 机构
注释:
1. Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population:延长人类生命的结果使得人口的数量有了增加。句中的prolonging human life是动名词短语。由动名词短语作句子的主语时，句中动词必须用单数形式。如: Collecting stamps is his hobby.
2. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago:
如果今天活着的很多人生于一百年以前，他们会死于各种儿童疾病。
3. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time
:因为有更多的人寿命更长，所以在任何一个特定的时间里的人也就更多。
4. the dependency load: 抚养人口数量。
5. In times of famine: 在饥荒年代
6. go on welfare : 靠福利救济
go on 有许多意思，其中的一个意思是"依靠……过活"。例:
Many people go on welfare when jobs become scarce.
(工作难找时，许多人靠政府救济金过日子。)
7. grave problems: 严重的问题8. convalescent hospitals: 康复医院;疗养院
9. profit-making organizations: 赢利机构10. dumping grounds: 垃圾场
练习:
1. The writer believes that the population explosion results from
A an increase in birthrates.
B the industrial development.
C a decrease in death rates.
D cultural advances.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures
A it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive.
B infants could be left dead in times of starvation.
C parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children.
D death was considered to be freedom from hardships.
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?
A Many of them have a very hard life.
B They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.
C They rely mainly on their children for financial support.
D Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.
4. In Paragraph 3, the phrase "this need" refers to
A the need to prolong the lives of old people.
B the need to enrich the life of the retired people.
C the need to build profit-making nursing homes.
D the need to take care of a sick and weak person.
5. Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals?
A Sympathetic.
B Unfriendly.
C Optimistic.
D Critical.
1. C 第一段最后一句说：In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. 事实上，是由于死亡率的下降，而不是出生率的上升，导数了人口爆炸。
2. B 第二段第四句说：In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. 在灾年，可能会容忍婴儿死亡，因为，如果他们的父母饿死了，他们也无法生存，而如果父母生存下来可重新生儿育女。因此，选项B是正确的答案。
3. A 第二段倒数第二句是这么说的：In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. （在美国，许多退休人员依靠社会保障金生活，其数额之小差不多使人穷困潦倒。）可以看出，在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。这正是选项A表达的意思，因而选项A是正确的答案。
4. D 第三段第三句：Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. （当今，由于家庭中大多数人都出去工作或上学，家里常常没有人来照顾有病或虚弱的人。）"this need" 出现在下面这个短语中："To meet this need"（为了满足这种需要），它指句子前面的care for a sick or weak person。这正是选项D表达的意思。
5. D文章昀后一句说: … most of them are s imply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.大多数机构只不过是倾倒垂死的人的"垃饭场"，所谓的"照顾"都是由收入低、超量工作、技术水平低下的人员提供的。作者如此措辞显然是对大多数机构的强烈批评。因此，选项D是正确答案。
20 FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce
The biggest food safety risk for fresh fruits and vegetables as they are grown, picked or processed comes from human and animal waste, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration （FDA）. said Friday.
More than 9, 000 Americans die each year from food-borne diseases and some scientists believe fresh produce is the biggest carrier of contamination.The FDA issued a set of draft guidelines for U. S. and foreign growers to carefully monitor worker hygiene, water quality, manure management and transportation.
These 34-page draft guidelines urged growers to give workers lessons on basic hygiene such as using soap to wash their hands, covering wounds that could come into contact with produce, and using only clean toilets.
The FDA guidelines identified “the major source of contamination ”for fresh produce as human or animal feces.“We think just proper controls and proper attention to detail would make a big difference in food safety,” said and FDA official, “It is our belief that these guidelines would not be very costly.”
But grower groups disagreed with the FDA's assessment. “Most food-borne disease outbreaks that happen further down the distribution line are due to contamination because people preparing food are not properly washing their hands, ”said Stacey Z awal, an official with United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association. “That is not necessarily true for growers and packers.”
Some U. S. grower organizations have expressed concern that the agency is interfering with on-farm practices. Others object to the FDA's proposal to have growers formally document the picking, handling and transportation of produce so that health officials could quickly recall foods if necessary.
Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines as of little use because they will not carry the force of law. But stricter regulations could evolve as researchers find new technology or methods to kill harmful bacteria or parasites, the FDA said.
The FDA recommendations are due to be made final by the FDA later this year for use by U.S. and foreign growers. The matter of encouraging foreign growers to adopt the guidelines remains somewhat tricky but FDA officials say it is vital because of the huge amount of imported produce.
1. “Food-borne diseases” in this essay means those diseases
A. which people get by eating fruits which have been polluted
B. which people get by eating too many kinds of food.
C. which many kinds of fruit get when polluted by feces.
D. which fruit-growers get by their failure to keep themselves clean.
2. Some fruit grower groups believe that most food-borne diseases are caused by
A. growers' lack of attention to personal hygiene.
B. lack of effective guidelines.
C. the FDA's decision to import more foreign fruits and vegetables.
D. people involved in distributing fresh produce.
3. An FDA official said that putting the guidelines into practice
A. would be too costly to be effective.
B. would not cost any money.
C. would not be very expensive.
D. would needs lots of money.
4. Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines because they didn't think that these guidelines
A. had won enough support from the farmers.
B. had been written with strict regulations.
C. would surely be carried out.
D. included new technology.
5. The last paragraph suggests that
A. some tricks need to be adopted to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines.
B. a good way should be found to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines.
C. foreign growers consider the guidelines to be of great importance to them.
D. it is almost impossible to ask foreign farmers to follow the guidelines.
1) which people get by eating fruits which have been polluted
2) people involved in distributing fresh produce.
3) would not be very expensive.
4) would surely be carried out.
5) a good way should be found to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines.
①人们吃那些已经被污染的蔬菜和水果而得的病
②大多数由食物所引起的疾病与分配新鲜农产品的人有关
③不会很昂贵④方针没有法律效力，不能保证实施⑤好的方法是鼓励外国种植者遵守方针
21 Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive ”attachment" period from birth to three may scar1 a child's personality and predispose2 to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby，s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this.3 But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example，in some tribal societies，such as the Ngoni，the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone 一far from it4. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents，care-takers found children had problems with Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly，in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care，and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to，say，more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.5 Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut6, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
词汇：
psychoanalyst /jsaikau'aenolist/ n.精字申分析学家，心理分析学家insulate /'insjuleit/ vt.隔绝
rear /ri9(r) / vt.抚养care-taker /'ke9teik9(r) / n.照顾者，看管人infant / 丨infsnt/ n.婴儿
predispose /jpriidi'spouz/ vL 易导致entail /in'teil/ vt.蕴涵；需要
anthropologist /iaen0r9'pDbd3ist/ n.人类学家
1. scar:留下伤痕
2. predispose:易导致。又如：Fatigue predisposes one to catch cold.疲劳使人易患感冒。
3. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby?s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails，and many people do believe this. 一些人从波比的研究得出结论，孩子三岁之前不应该送日托，因为这蕴涵着孩子不得不跟父母分开。
很多人确实相信这个结论。subject (to)：使遭受，受到。entail:蕴涵；需要。
4. ... the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone 一far from it. 父母不单独抚养婴儿，远非如此。rear:抚养，培养。
5. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal
with.不论长远后果如何，孩子的父母们有时会觉得眼前的后果难以应付。
（眼前的后果指下一句说到的孩子不愿去日托而会抗议、表示不高兴）
6. clear-cut:鲜明的，明确的
1. Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children atthe age of three or older.
B Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality. ,
D Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.
2. Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby，s work?
A Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.
B Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.
C A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.
D Day care would not be so popular if it Jias noticeable negative effects on a child^s personality.
3. It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that
A the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies.
B a child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in traditional societies.
C mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies.
D children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby，s theory?
A Many studies show that day. care has a positive effect on children's development.
B The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe.
C The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional societies.
D Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.
5. Which of the following best expresses the writer's attitude towards early day care?
A Children under three should stay with their parents.
B Early day care has positive effects on children's development.
C The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.
D The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.答案与题解：
1. c波比k为，孩子从出生到三岁这段时间是一个敏感的“依恋”期。三岁以下的孩子如与父母分开可能会给孩子的性格造成伤害，进而导致以后的情感问题。因此可以认为波比会同意Co
2. A、i波比的思想，而不是依据他的思想得出的结论，因此不对。第一段的第二句话说：一些人从波比的研究得出结论，日托会使父母和孩子分开，孩子三岁之前不应该送日托。因此
A是正确答案。
3. A第二段的第一句话说：人类学家指出，现代社会中父母与孩子之间的被隔离的爱在传统社会中一般不存在。insulated (绝缘的）一词与A中的exclusive (排他的）相呼应。文章只是在第二段的第一句中提到传统社会，仅从这句话不能推断出B、C、D。
4. D第二段列出了三条论据反对波比的理论。这三条论据分别对应C、B、A。“父母们觉得眼前的后果难以应付”不是反对波比理论的论据。
5. C作者中立地报道了对日托的两种不同看法，并指出缺乏统计研究。特别是在第三段的第二句话中提出，日托是否会在15年或20年后导致精神病或犯罪只能用统计的方法来研究。因此C是正确答案。
22 Egypt Felled by Famine
Even ancient Egypt's mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilisation around 2180 BC. Now evidence gleaned from mud deposited by the River Nile1 suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometres to the south was ultimately to blame — and the same or worse could happen today.
The ancient Egyptians depended on the Nile's annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons southwards out of Ethiopia2 would have diminished these floods. Dwindling rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stablise the soil. When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile3 and into Egypt, along with sediment from the White Nile4.
The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope signature from that of the White Nile. So by analysing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta, Michael Krom of Leeds'University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river.
Krom reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from 4,500 to 4,200 years ago, immediately predates the fall of the Egypt's Old Kingdom.
The weakened waters would have been catastrophic for the Egyptians. “ Changes that affect food supply don't have to be very large to have a ripple effect in societies," says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York.
Similar events today could be even more devastating，says team member Daniel Stanley，a geoarchaeologist from the Smithsonian Institution5 in Washington, D. C. “ Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the populations have increased dramatically."
词汇：
glean /gliin/ v.收集signature /'signitJ^Cr) / n.签名；特征
nionsoon /mDn'suin/ n.季风isotope /'ais^Cu)taup/ n.同位素；核素
dwindle /'dwindl/ vi.逐渐变少，逐渐变小；observatory /9b'z3iv9t9ri/ n.天文台
vt.使变少，使变/j、geoarchaeologist n.地质考古学家sediment /'sediment/ n.沉积；沉积物
1. the River Nile:尼罗河
2. Ethiopia /iiieibupia/:埃塞俄比亚（东非国家)
3. the Blue Nile:青尼罗河
4. the White Nile:白尼罗河
5. the Smithsonian Institution:史密森学会
练习：
1. Why does the author mention “ pyramid builders" ？
A Because they once worked miracles.
B Because they were well-built.
C Because they were actually very weak.
D Because even they were unable to rescue their civilisation.
2. Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilisation of ancient Egypt?
A Change of climate.
B Famine.
C Flood.
D Population growth.
3. Which of the following statements is true?
A The White Nile is the trunk of the River Nile.
B The White Nile is the trunk of the Blue Nile.
C The White Nile is a branch of the Blue Nile.
D The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile.
4. According to Krom, Egypt's Old Kingdom fell
A immediately after a period of drought.
B immediately after a period of flood.
C just before a drought struck.
D just before a flood struck.
5. The word “ devastating" in the last paragraph could be best replaced by
A "frustrating".
B "damaging".
C "defeating".
D "worrying".
答案与题解：
1. D这道^问的是：作者为什么提及“建筑金字塔的人”？文章开头有这么一句话，中文意思是：即使是古埃及伟大的金字塔建筑者面对那场在公元前2180年促使他们的文明毁灭的饥荒也无能为力。D说的是：甚至是他们也不能挽救他们的文明。因此D是正确答案。A说的是：他们曾创造过奇迹。B 说的是：他们很强壮。C说的是：他们其实很弱。
2. A这道题问的是：下面列出的几种因素中哪一种因素是造成古埃及文明毁灭的根本性因素。A 说的是：气候的变化。第一段中有这样一个子句a shift in climate... was ultimately to blame. ?.最终须归咎于气候的变化。在第一题的题解中，我们提到了“饥荒”与“古埃及文明毁灭”的关系。但“饥荒”是表层的因素，“气候的变化”才是古埃及文明毁灭的深层的因素。因此，A是正确的答案。B:饥荒。C:水灾。D:人口增长。
3. D这道题问的是：下面列出的几种陈述哪一种是正确的。D说的是：青尼罗河和白尼罗河是尼罗河的支流。第四段中的'最后一句话是这么说的..worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river.算出了来自河的每条支流的沉积物的比例。这里的“河”是指“尼罗河”，“每条支流”是指上文所说的“青尼罗河”和“白尼罗河”。因此，D 是正确的答案。A:白尼罗河是尼罗河的干流。B:白尼罗河是青尼罗河的干流。C:白尼罗河是青尼罗河的支流。显然，这些都不构成答案。
4. A这道题问的是：古埃及王国毁灭发生在什么时候？A说的是：就在一个时期的干旱之后。第五段有这么一个句子：...one of these periods... immediately predates the fall of the Egypt's Old Kingdom.其中的一个时期…?。? ?就发生在古埃及王国毁灭之前。可以看出，A应该是正?
确的答案。B:就在一个时期的水灾之后：C:就在遇到一次旱灾之前。D:就在遇到一次水灾之前。
5. B devastate是及物动词。意思是：使荒芜;破坏。devastating既是现在分词，又是形容词。此处不是动词devastate的现在分词，因为它后面不跟名词短语。因此只能是形容词，它的意思是：破坏性的。frustrate是动词，意思是：使受挫;受挫。frustrating是现在分词，同时也是-容词。作形容词时，它的意思是:令人失望的。可以看出，它跟devastating的意思相差很远。It was frustrating to be out of governmeilt for the next four years, damage：破坏，毁灭。damaging是它的现在分词，但它本身也是形容词，意思是：破坏的；毁灭的。跟devastating意思相近，是合适的选项。defeat:击败。His guerrillas defeated the colonial army in 1954. worry ：担忧,发愁0 worrying ：令人担忧的，令人发愁的。It is very worrying that petrol bombs have been brought into a fight between two secondary schools.
23 After-birth Depression Blamed for1 Woman's Suicide
A new mother apparently suffering from postpartum mental illness fell to her death from a narrow 12th-floor ledge of a Chicago hotel, eluding the lunging grasp of firemen called to help.
The Chicago Tribune2 reported Tuesday that the mother of a 3-month-old daughter, Melanie Stokes，41，was said to be suffering from3 a severe form of after-birth depression called postpartum psychosis，an extremely rare biological response to rapidly changing hormonal levels that can result in4 hallucinations, delusions, severe insomnia and a drastic departure from reality.
"That was a monster in my daughter's brain,” said Stokes? mother, Carol Blocker. “The medicine took no effect at all, while her grief was so strong that nothing could make up for it.5 I'm just glad she didn't take her daughter with her. ”
Virtually all new mothers get postpartum .blues, also called the "baby blues6"，which are brief episodes of irritability, moodiness and weepiness. About 20 per cent of birthing women experience postpartum depression, which can be triggered by hormonal changes, sleeplessness and the pressures of being a new mother. It is often temporary and highly treatable.
But The Tribune said what scientists suspect Stokes was battling, postpartum psychosis, is even more extreme and is considered a psychiatric emergency.7 During postpartum psychosis — a very real disorder that affects less than 1 percent of women, according to the National Institute of Mental Health8一a mother might hear voices, have visions, feel extremely agitated and be at risk of harming the child or herself.
Often the consequences are tragic. In 1987，Sheryl Masip of California told a judge that postpartum psychosis made her drive a V olvo over her 6-week-old son. Latrena Pixley of Washington, D. C.9，said the disorder was why she smothered her 6-week-old daughter in 1992. And last year,Judy Kirby，a 31-year-old Indianapolis10 mother allegedly suffering from postpartum psychosis，sped into oncoming traffic11 and plowed into12 a minivan，killing seven youngsters，including three of her own.
词汇：
postpartum /psust'paitom/ adj. ( = postpartal)产后的
ledge /led3/ n.(自墙壁突出的）壁架；架状突出物?
elude /I'luid/ vt.(巧妙地）躲避，逃脱;困惑，难倒
depression /di'prejsn/ n.抑郁(症) psychosis /sai'ksusis/ n.精神病
hormonal /hoi'mQunsl/ adj.激素的
hallucination /h9|lu:si'neij9n/ n.幻觉
delusion /di丨lu:39n/ n,妄想
insomnia /in'sDmnis/ n.失目民（症）
drastic /,'draestik/ adj.激烈的;极端的
lunge /lAnd3/ vi.冲刺，猛向前冲
grief /griif/ n.不幸，灾难
blues /bluiz/ n.忧郁，沮丧
irritability /.irito'biliti/ n.急躁，易怒；兴奋性；过敏
moodiness /'muidinis/ n.喜怒无常，易怒；忧郁
weepiness /'wiipinis/ n.好哭，欲哭
agitated /'aed3iteitid/ adj.焦虑不安的，激动的
smother /'smAdo(r)/ i；.(使）窒息，（使）憋死
allegedly /9'led3idli/ adv.根据（人们）宣称
plow /plau/ ( = plough) v.犁，刨；破浪前进
minivan /'minivaen/ n.微型货车
注释：
1. blame for:被归咎，对……负责blame sb. for sth.：将某事归咎于某人
2. The Chicago 《芝加哥论坛报》,tribune:讲坛，论坛
3. suffer from:受……痛苦，患……病
4. result in:导致……?（的结果）-
5. The medicine... make up for it.药物根本不起作用，而她的不幸却是什么东西都无法弥补的。take effect:(药物等）见效…
take no effect at all ：根本就不起作用makeup (for):弥补，补偿
6. blues：(口语）忧郁，沮丧，不乐（=depressed spirits)
从此段文字看来，postpartum blues在程度上要比postpartum depression轻得多，因此不宜把二者都译成“产后抑郁症”，似乎把前者译为“产后情绪低落”更好，以区别于后者。另外，baby blues也不应译为“婴儿情绪低落”，仍应译为“产后情绪低落”，因为婴儿何来情绪低落？
7. But the Tribune said... a psychiatric emergency.但是，《芝加哥论坛报》说，科学家们怀疑Stokes 与之作斗争的产后精神病是更为严重的精神病而且属于精神病中的急性病。
8. National Institute of Mental Health (缩写为NIMH)：美国国立精神卫生研究所
9. Washington, D. C. ( = Washington, District of Columbia)：哥伦比亚特区华盛顿（即美国首都华盛顿）
10. Indianapolis：印第安纳波利斯（美国城市）
11. oncoming traffic ：迎面驶来的车辆
12. plow into:全力冲进
练习：
1. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of postpartum psychosis?
A Visions.
B Delusions.
C Inflamed breast.
D Serious sleeplessness.
2. It was considered fortunate by Stokes? mother in the miserable event
A that Stokes had died in a Chicago hotel.
B that firemen had been called to help Stokes.
C that Stokes had been taking the prescribed medicines.
D that Stokes had not taken her daughter with her.
3. A patient suffering from "baby blues” may present briefly one or more of the following symptoms EXCEPT
A having an intention of suicide.
B readily becoming impatient or angry. ,
C easily changing her moods.
D tending to experience weeping and sadness.
4. How many bearing women have experiences of after-birth depression?
A Virtually all of them.
B About one fifth of them.
C Less than one percent of them.
D Not mentioned exactly in the passage.
5. Who induced the most serious consequence among the postpartum depression patients mentioned in the passage?
A Melanie Stokes of Chicago.
B Sheryl Masip of California.
C Latrena Pixley of Washington,
D. C. D Judy Kirby of Indianapolis.
1. C第二i最后一句提到激素水平迅速发生变化所引起的几种症状，当然就是产后精神病的症状，四个选项中的A、B、D就是该句所列举的前三种症状（vision意思与hallucination相同），只有C项不是该句所列举的，也不应属于产后精神病的症状。
2. D第三段最后一句引用了Stokes母亲的原话“我很高兴，她没带着她的女儿走”，可见她母亲认为，Stokes的女儿幸免于难，应是不幸中的万幸。
3. A第四段第一句提到患“baby blues”时可能短暂出现的三种症状，B、C、D三个选项正是
irritability，moodiness和weepiness的释义，只有A项没有提到，也不应该是“baby blues”的症状，故是答案。
4. B第四段第二句说大约20%的生育妇女经历过postpartum depression。大约20%也就是1/5，故
B J^是答案。A指的是患postpartum blues的人数，C指的是患postpartum psychosis 的人数。
5. D第二段和第六段一共列举了四个病例，前三个病例均造成一人死亡，只有第四个病例造成的后果最严重，Indianapolis的Judy Kirby造成了7人死亡，故D项是答案。
24 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University5 and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from6 the somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered11 recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
"Our study suggests that this impairment12 may contribute to the memory deficits13 that occur as people age." Convit says. "And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition.14" Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check15, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.
词汇：
perchance [p?'t?ɑ:ns] adv. 偶然；可能
online ['?nlain] n. 在线的
stow [st?u] vt. 贮藏，堆装
emanate ['em?neit] vi. 发源
somatosensory [,s?um?t?'sens?ri] adj. 体觉的
neocortex [,ni:?u'k?:teks] n. 新（大脑）皮质
oscillation [,?si'lei??n] n. 振荡
intertwine [,int?'twain] v. 缠绕
spindle ['spindl] n. 纺锤体
ripple ['ripl] n. 波动，脉动
diabetes [,dai?'bi:ti:z] n. 糖尿病
recollection [,rek?'lek??n] n. 回忆
shrinkage ['?ri?kid?] n. 收缩
impairment [im'p??m?nt] n. 损伤
intrigue [in'tri:ɡ] n. 引起。。。兴趣（或好奇心）
cognition [k?ɡ'ni??n] n. 认识
注释：
1. file memories：归档并储存记忆。file：意为"to put or keep (papers,etc. ) in useful order for storage or reference"（把…归档）。
2. To sleep. Perchance to file? ：从莎士比亚笔下哈姆雷特的独白中的名句" To sleep: perchance to dream. "改编而来。
3. the Proceedings: (科学文献、会议文献)汇编，常用复数形式。
4. zzz：（拟声词）打鼾声
5. Rutgers University：美国新泽西州立大学(the State University of New Jersey)。
6. emanating from：发源于。
7. neocortex：新(大脑)皮质，尤指大的高等哺乳动物大脑中新生长的部分，也叫做neopallium。neo-：前縀，意思是"新的"。
8. thehippocampus：大脑侧面脑室壁上的隆起物，也称"海马状突起"，在泛记过程中起主要作用。
9. tens of milliseconds：几十毫秒
10. age-associated memory decline：与年龄相关的记忆衰退
11. administer：实施
12. this impairment：指上句中hippocampus shrinkage.
13. memory deficits：记忆衰退
14. … the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated
职称英语考试卫生类(C类)试题及答案6 Happy Therapy (诊疗) Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling. Then, after returning to tile United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak. In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope. Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness. He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night. Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well enough to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for
职称英语考试卫生类(B类)试题及答案4 第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个选项。 Happy Therapy （诊疗） Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling. Then, after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to Russia, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak. In less than one week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problems and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up hope. Mr. Cousins thought that unhappy thoughts were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that happy thoughts or laughter might cure his illness. He began to experiment on himself while still in the hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night, Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could continue his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt
2013年职称英语考试卫生类C级试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me. A. strange B. real C. whole D. same 2. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company. A. taught B. kept C. changed D.attracted 3. The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine. A. structure B. bottom C. surface D. top 4. We found shelter from the rain under the tree. A. defense B. standing C. protection D. room 5. We have to change the public’s perception that money is everything. A. sight B. belief C. interest D. pressure 6. It seems incredible that he had been there a week already.
A. right B. obvious C. unbelievable D. unclear 7. This was an unexceptionally brutal attack. A. cruel B. open C. sudden D. direct 8. “There is no other choice,”she said in a harsh voice. A. firm B. soft C. deep D. unkind 9. She gets aggressive when she is drunk. A. offensive B. worried C. sleepy D. anxious 10. I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me. A. threw B. seized C. broke D.stretched 11. Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning. A. border B. goal C. peak D. level 12. That performance was pretty impressive. A. completely B. beautifully C. very D. equally 13. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge. A. found by chance B. passed by C. took a notice of D. woke up
2020年职称英语《卫生类》阅读判断练习5 They Say Ireland's the Best Ireland is the best place in the world lo live for 2005.according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain.s Economist magazine last week. The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the World is based ol3 the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes.health.unemployment.climate,political stability,job security,gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom,family and community life". Despite the bad weather,troubled health service.traffic congestion（拥挤）,gender inequality,and the high cost of living.Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of l0. That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland,which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe. troubled by political insecurity and hunger,is rated the gloomiest（最差的）,picking up only 3.89 points. "Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued,"the report said. "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown（崩溃）in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact." "Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of
职称英语卫生类B真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1。15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 I believe that her account of what happened is very accurate. A simple B precise C vivid D close 2 He based his conclusion on the evidence given by the prisoner. A offered B worked C made D satisfied 3 The union called off the strike at the last minute yesterday. A cancelled B staged C lengthened D organized
4 I have earned a lot of money, but that is not the issue. A goal B task C key D point 5 There has been a lot of debate among us about the necessity to save money A talk B suggestions C discussion D ideas 6 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in October. A show B mark C record D carry 7 He endured unbearable agonies before he finally passed away. A left B relaxed C died D slept
2009年职称英语卫生类A级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1Why can't you stop your eternalcomplaining？ A everlasting B long C temporary D boring 2Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. A shaken B damaged C fallen D jumped 3These paintings are considered by many to be authentic. A faithful B royal C genuine D sincere 4Many economists have given in to the fatal lureof mathematics. A attraction B simplicity C power D rigor 5Ten years after the event，her death still remains a puzzle. A mist B fog C mystery D secret 6John was irritatedby the necessity for polite conversation. A annoyed B troubled C threatened D aroused 7Academic records cannot be duplicated. A borrowed B purchased C rewritten D copied 8The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research. A fastened B encouraged C raised D initiated 9We have ample money for the journey. A some B little C extra D enough 10 The doctor's pills worked marvelsfor me. A patients B miracles C illness D recovery
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读判断练习及答案 （3） “We hire talent. ” Those are the words of Rod Franz， a civil service computer technology director， responding to the question of opportunities for women who are interested in pursuing careers as computer technicians. On at least one of three shifts in his operation， the male-female ratio is 50-50. That is not surprising because government and educational institutes are required by the law to make every effort to open hiring opportunities to women and minority workers. What may be even more interesting to young women is that，according to Franz， private industry is hiring women and minorities away from us. And， since private industry pays more， it succeeds. Managers in the rapidly growing computer service field are quick to agree. They strongly encourage women to train for technician jobs， and they actively recruit female technicians across the country. They believe that this career field offers a wealth of possibility for women. A recent study by the Devry Institute of Technology that involved 100 employment managers in the Chicago area showed，too， that the number of women entering the field of computer science is on the rise， and that those already in the field are moving up. A significant increase in the number of women
2020年职称英语（卫生类）教材阅读理练习3 Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking,said medical experts after a five-year research study. Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger,especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute,more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer,it has the second-highest incidence rate. "An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,"said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2，276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them，l，483 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only l8 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke,according to the report. However,more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term,close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about1 irritated eyes and throat.
2020年职称英语卫生类阅读判断练习（3） Online Cancer Chat with a Safety Net Cancer Research UK has launched an online chat forum for cancer patients to swap stories and share experiences on how to cope with such a devastating disease. But Cancer Chat is a forum with a difference： it has an information safety net. This means that a Cancer Research UK team will keep a watching brief to ensure that patients are not subjected to rogue "cancer cures" or scientifically unsound information. Anyone can have access to the messages posted on Cancer Chat but if people wish to post a message they will need to register. And Rebekah Gibbs,cancer patient and star of TV's Casualty has pledged her support for the new project."I think Cancer Chat is a brilliant idea," she said."I have written a public diary about what I went through with breast cancer and I have had such a heart-warming response from other people going through the same thing. "The idea of a Cancer Chat forum means you can share information about treatment and side effects and you can really open up about your feelings online in a way that can be difficult when talking to close friends and family.And with Cancer Research UK monitoring the forum people can be reassured about the quality of information being exchanged."
职称英语卫生类A级考试真题及答案 2011年职称英语考试已于今天结束，2011年职称英语卫生类A级考试真题及答案 一、词汇选项 1. urging (pushing) 2. tolerate (stand ) 3.obsecure ( unclear) 4. trembling (shaking) 5. steady (continious) 6. grasp ( undestasnd) 7. provoked (caused) 8. finds faults with (criticizes) 9. approach (handle ) 10. remarking (saying ) 11. hailed (praised ) 12. asserted (maintained) 13. considerabaly (greatly) 14. scared (afraid) 15. vigorous (energetic ) 二、阅读判断 16-22参考答案BCABACB 标题：Relieving the Pain 主旨大意：运动对于治疗各种痛疼有益处 16. To treat pain, patients should stop moving around
答案：B（wrong：错） 17. Headaches are partly caused by lack of excecise 答案：C（not mentioned：未提及） 18. Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain 答案：A（right：正确） 19. Doctors often use drugs such as endprphins to treat patients 答案：B（wrong：错） 20. Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain 答案：A（right：正确） 21. Excercises helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment 答案：C（not mentioned：未提及） 22. New pain clinc ask patients to give up drugs completely 答案：B（wrong：错） 三、概括大意与完成句子 23-26参考答案DECA 标题：Owls and Larks 主旨大意：早起的人和晚起的人的差别及形成原因 23. 答案：D （why do we need sleep?） 24. 答案：E (what makes paople owls or larks ?) 25. 答案：C ( which is better,being an owl or a lark?) 26. 答案：A (What should we avoid ?) 完成句子 27-30参考答案：FDAB
2011年职称英语卫生类B级完型填空新增文章 教材第七篇文章 Exercise Whether or not exercise adds __l__ the length of life，it is common experience that a certain__2__of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being．Furthermore, exercise__3__involves play and recreation，and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial. How much and what kind of exercise one should __4__ merits careful consideration．The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous sports．1 They fatigue to the__5__of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest．But not so with__6__ of middle age and beyond．For them moderation is__7__ vital importance． Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question __8__to answer． Individual variability is__ 9__ great to permit of generalization．A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another．The safe limit for exercise __lO__ on the condition of the heart，the condition of the muscles，the type of exercise，and the regularity with which it is taken．Two general suggestions，however，will __ll__ as sound advice for anyone．The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be__12__ periodically by careful，．thorough physical examinations．The__13__ is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion． What type of exercise one should __14__ depends upon one’s physical condition．Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports，but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities．2 Walking，swimming，skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate __15__ throughout life．Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise．3 词汇： well—being康乐 recreation n．娱乐，消遣 fatigue 疲劳 thrill 激动 exhilaration n．高兴；振奋 strenuous adj．紧张的；费力的 exhaustion n．筋疲力尽 promptly adv．迅速地 moderation n．适度，适中 variability n．变异性，可变性 generalization 乃．一般化，普遍化 folly n．愚蠢，蠢事 regularity n．规律性 periodically adv．定期地 vigorous 办精力充沛的，有力的
很多考生在备考全国职称英语卫生类考试的时候，难免是会不知道要做一些什么样的真题的。 下文是百分网为大家准备了全国职称英语卫生类考试的一些真题与参考答案相关内容，希望能对大家有所帮助!全国职称英语卫生类考试真题及答案：补全短文US Signs GlobalTobacco Treaty1 The UnitedStates has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty thatpromises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout theworld. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the FrameworkConvention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. (46)_____2 The FCTC wasdeveloped by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the WorldHealth Assembly，including the United States, last year.(47)_____3 For instance,cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on atleast 30% of the front and back of every pack. (48)_____It also requires banson tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like theUnited States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.4 (49)_____ TheWorld Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 millionpeople worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die eachyear from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in
职称英语考试卫生类A级试题答案(完整版) 2011年职称英语考试已于3月26日结束，2011年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题答案(完整版) 一.2011年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题答案(完整版)：词汇选项 1. urging (pushing) 2. tolerate (stand ) 3.obsecure ( unclear) 4. trembling (shaking) 5. steady (continious) 6. grasp ( undestasnd) 7. provoked (caused) 8. finds faults with (criticizes) 9. approach (handle ) 10. remarking (saying ) 11. hailed (praised ) 12. asserted (maintained) 13. considerabaly (greatly) 14. scared (afraid) 15. vigorous (energetic ) 二.2011年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题答案(完整版)：阅读判断 16-22参考答案BCABACB 标题：Relieving the Pain 主旨大意：运动对于治疗各种痛疼有益处 16. To treat pain, patients should stop moving around
答案：B（wrong：错） 17. Headaches are partly caused by lack of excecise 答案：C（not mentioned：未提及） 18. Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain 答案：A（right：正确） 19. Doctors often use drugs such as endprphins to treat patients 答案：B（wrong：错） 20. Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain 答案：A（right：正确） 21. Excercises helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment 答案：C（not mentioned：未提及） 22. New pain clinc ask patients to give up drugs completely 答案：B（wrong：错） 三.2011年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题答案(完整版)：概括大意与完成句子 23-26参考答案DECA 标题：Owls and Larks 主旨大意：早起的人和晚起的人的差别及形成原因 23. 答案：D （why do we need sleep?） 24. 答案：E (what makes paople owls or larks ?) 25. 答案：C ( which is better,being an owl or a lark?) 26. 答案：A (What should we avoid ?) 完成句子 27-30参考答案：FDAB
2020年职称英语卫生类阅读理解专项练习（11） Calling for Safe Celebrations This Fourth of July Last Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks being set off in his neighborhood. Suddenly, the evening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye, immediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma and cataracts. Today, Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury. June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month, and through its EyeSmart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals. “There is nothing worse than a Fourth of July celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye a bottle rocket,” said Dr. John C. Hagan, clinical correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. “A safe celebration means letting trained professionals handle fireworks while you enjoy the show.” According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 9,000 fireworks-related injuries happen each year. Of these, nearly half are head-related injuries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse, with those fifteen years old or younger accounting for 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the Unites States. Dr.