课时跟踪检测(it的用法)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Jane, I told you I don't like ________ when you go out with your friends every night.
A．that B．this
C．it D．/
答案与解析：C句意：简，我告诉过你我不喜欢你每天晚上和朋友出去。动词like
后接从句作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，然后再接从句。that, this均不可作形式宾语。
2．Sometimes he found ________ very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.
A．him B．this
C．that D．it
答案与解析：D句意：他发现晚上有时候很难入睡，于是他就去看医生了。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to fall asleep at night。其他选项都不能作形式宾语。
3．—Who is making such a noise?
—________ must be the children.
A．It B．They
C．He D．You
答案与解析：A句意：——谁弄出这么大噪音？——一定是孩子们。指代身份不明确的人时用it。
4．From Mum's love, patience and understanding, I have learned what a huge responsibility ________ is to raise a child.
A．this B．that
C．it D．one
答案与解析：C句意：从妈妈的爱心、耐心和理解中，我明白了养育孩子是一个多么重大的责任。it为形式主语，代替动词不定式to raise a child。
5．News services make ________ for newspapers to give their readers news from around the world.
A．it is possible B．it possible
C．possible D．possible that
答案与解析：B考查固定句型及代词it的用法。make后不可接从句，故A项被排除。题干中的不定式短语是make的真正宾语，it是形式宾语，构成常用结构make＋it＋adj.
＋for sb.＋to do sth.。
6．Dress neatly before the job interview. In most cases, it is first impressions ________ really count.
A．which B．what
C．how D．that
答案与解析：D考查强调句。强调句子的主语。句意：在面试前要穿戴整洁，在多数情况下，第一印象很重要。
7．—________ you write so well?
—By reading and keeping diaries every day.
A．How is it B．What is it
C．How is it that D．What is it that
答案与解析：C考查强调句型。问句是强调句的特殊疑问句形式，还原为陈述句是：It is by reading and keeping diaries every day that I write so well.其中对方式进行提问用how。
8．It was in the Indian Ocean ________ it was sailing ________ a Chinese ship was hijacked by Somali pirates.
A．where; which B．where; that
C．that; when D．that; which
答案与解析：B考查强调句和定语从句。被强调部分是in the Indian Ocean,
________ it was sailing为定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此第一空填where；第二空与句首的It was构成强调句式，填that。
9．Yet it was ________ the moment when he decided to explore what he had abandoned ________ his writing took off.
A．when; then B．not; until
C．not until; that D．only; when
答案与解析：C考查强调句型。强调句的结构为：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who ＋句子剩余部分，可译为“正是……”或“就是……”。句意：然而，直到他下决心(回头)探索自己曾经放弃过的东西的时候，他的作品才大受欢迎。
10．I don't know how many years ago ________ people began to stay at home and civilization began.
A．it was when B．it was that
C．was it that D．was it when
答案与解析：B考查强调句型。句意：我不知道多少年前人们开始呆在家中，文明由此开始。此句中被强调部分是how many years ago，去掉it was... that之后句子的正常语序是I don't know how many years ago people began to stay at home and
civilization began.”。
11．________ they found out why the plane crashed when they took out the black box.
A．Not until long afterwards that
B．It was not until long afterwards that
C．Not long until afterwards
D．It was long afterwards until
答案与解析：B考查强调句型。not until置于句首时句子要用倒装，A项没有倒装，C、D两项结构不正确。B项强调not until从句，不必倒装。句意：是在他们取出黑匣子不久之后弄清了飞机坠毁的原因。
12．How long do you think ________ the car factory launches a new model?
A．will it be until B．it will be before
C．will be when D．it will be that
答案与解析：B考查句型it will be... before...。it will be... before...意思是“过多长时间就……”。注意：do you think在此为插入语。
13．________really makes me angry when I see people dropping litter.
A．As B．What
C．It D．That
答案与解析：C考查it作形式主语的用法。句意：看到人们乱丢垃圾，我的确很生气。when从句是真正的主语，it是形式主语。
14．—David, keep ________ in mind that you have to be home by 10 o'clock.
—OK, Mom, I will.
A．one B．it
C．this D．that
答案与解析：B考查it作形式宾语的用法。句意：——David，记住你得在10点前赶回家。——好的，妈妈，我会的。that从句是真正的宾语，it是形式宾语。
15．We have made ________ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.
A．one B．it
C．this D．that
答案与解析：B考查it作形式宾语的用法。句意：我们已经讲清楚我们强烈反对在办公室抽烟。that从句是真正的宾语，it是形式宾语。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I was flying to New York the other day. I knew it was going to be a __16__ day when, on the way to the airport, the taxi driver told me he was lost.
I had __17__ my flight over the telephone, so when we arrived, I had to __18__ to the reservations desk to pay for my ticket. The clerk told me my __19__ was not on the passenger list. It took fifteen minutes for her to __20__ that she spelled my name incorrectly. She gave me my ticket and told me I'd better __21__ my luggage quickly or I'd miss my flight. I was the last person to get on the plane.
I __22__ flying, especially take-off, but the plane took off and everything seemed to be OK. Suddenly there was a funny noise and everything started to
__23__. I looked out of the window and smoke was coming out of the wing. __24__ I could think of was “The engine is on fire. We're going to __25__. I'm too young to die. ”
Immediately, the captain spoke to us in a very calm __26__. “Ladies and gentlemen. This is captain __27__. We are having a small technical __28__ with one of our engines. We will have to return to the airport. Please remain __29__ and keep your seat belts fastened. ”
You can __30__ how frightened I was, but the __31__ was excellent. The fight attendants were really calm. They told us to __32__ and said everything would be all right. A few minutes later, we were coming into __33__. The pilot made a perfect landing on the runway. We were __34__.
That day, I decided not to fly again. I caught another __35__ to go home. But as
I closed the front door, I looked down. Somehow I picked up the wrong suitcase.
16. A. memorial B. usual
C. lucky
D. terrible
17. A. booked B. chose
C. completed
D. asked
18. A. walk B. enter
C. rush
D. aim
19. A. address B. suitcase
C. ticket
D. name
20. A. remember B. remind
C. repeat
D. realize
21. A. treat B. examine
C. check
D. inspect
22. A. appreciate B. hate
C. allow
D. avoid
23. A. fall B. break
C. shake
D. disturb
24. A. All B. That
C. Why
D. Whether
25. A. land B. crash
C. disappear
D. fail
26. A. sound B. voice
C. noise
D. throat
27. A. ordering B. telling
C. shouting
D. speaking
28. A. question B. accident
C. problem
D. mistake
29. A. to seat B. seated
C. seating
D. to be seated
30. A. think B. imagine
C. create
D. describe
31. A. crew B. passenger
C. pilot
D. crowd
32. A. rest B. rely
C. lie
D. relax
33. A. move B. land
C. fly
D. speed
34. A. nervous B. safe
C. satisfied
D. peaceful
35. A. flight B. turn
C. plane
D. taxi
答案与解析：
文章讲述了作者外出倒霉的一天。先是去机场出租车司机迷了路，然后因为名字被拼错差点误了登机，飞机起飞后险些失事又返回机场，决定当天不再坐飞机，回家后却又发现拿错了行李箱。
16．D根据全文内容以及第一段中的“when，on the way to the airport，the taxi driver told me he was lost.”可知，这一天将会是很糟糕的一天。terrible“糟糕的”；memorial“纪念性的”；usual“通常的，惯例的”。
17．A根据后文over the telephone和to the reservations desk to pay for my ticket可知，book“预订”符合语境。
18．C由于出租车司机迷路耽搁时间，作者时间很紧，故rush“冲向，奔跑”符合语境。
19．D根据空后的on the passenger list和后文的she spelled my name incorrectly可知，此处为name。
20．D十五分钟后她才意识到她把我的名字写错了。remember“记住”；remind“提
醒，回忆”；repeat“重复”；realize“意识到”。
21．C根据常识，登机前要安检，check“检查”，符合语境。examine“测试，体检”；inspect“视察”。
22．B根据空后的“especially take-off，but the plane took off and everything seemed to be OK.”可知，这里应该是作者不喜欢乘飞机。appreciate“欣赏”；allow“允许”；avoid“避免”。
23．C飞机出现故障，开始摇晃。shake“晃动，摇动”符合语境。
24．A我所能想到的是……all I could think of＝all that I could think of。这个结构中all为主语。也可以用what引导主语从句，即：What I could think of was...。
25．B根据“The engine is on fire.”和“I'm too young to die.”可知，这里表示，飞机要坠毁了。crash“坠毁，碰撞”。
26．B机长用平静的声音告知乘客。in a．.. voice“用……的声音”。
27．D根据机长的说话内容可知这里应该选D项，speaking“讲话”。ordering和shouting与前文in a calm voice不符。
28．C我们的一个引擎出现了小的技术故障。technical problem“技术故障”。question“问题”；accident“事故”。
29．B remain seated＝be seated“坐着别动，不要离开座位”。
30．B你可以想象我有多害怕。imagine“想象”；create“创造”；describe“描述”。
31．A根据本段中的“The fight attendants were really calm.”和“The pilot made a perfect landing on the runway.”可知，此处应该是说全体机组人员表现很好。crew“全体机组人员”；passenger“乘客”；pilot“飞行员”；crowd“人群”。
32．D根据上下文这里应该是乘务人员安慰我们不要紧张。relax“放松，别紧张”。
33. B根据The pilot made a perfect landing on the runway可知答案。land“降落”。
34．B根据前文叙述，飞机安全降落，自然我们安全了。
35．D根据第一段的内容可知，作者这里又打了一辆出租车回家。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
From the beginning of human history, wild animals provided food, clothing and sometimes medicine for man. We may not depend as much on wild animals now. But we hear about them every day. Americans use the names of animals in many ways. Automobile manufacturers and gasoline companies especially like to use big cats to sell their products. They like lions, tigers and wildcats. When Americans say wildcat, they usually mean a lynx, an ocelot or a bobcat. All these cats attack quickly and fiercely. So wildcats represent something fast and fierce.
An early American use of the word wildcat was quite different. It was used
to describe members of Congress who declared war on Britain in 1812. A magazine of that year said the wildcat congressmen went home. It said they were unable to face the responsibility of having involved their country in an unnecessary war.
Wildcat also has been used as a name for money in the 1800s. At that time，some states permitted banks to make their own money. One bank in the state of Michigan offered paper money with a picture of a wildcat on it. Some banks, however, did not have enough gold to support all the paper money they offered. So the money had little or no value. It was called a wildcat bill or a wildcat bank note. The banks who offered this money were called wildcat banks. A newspaper of the time said those were the days of wildcat money. It said a man might be rich in the morning and poor by night.
Wildcat then was also used for an oil well or gold mine that had almost no oil or gold in it. Dishonest developers would buy such property. Then they would sell it and leave town with the money. The buyers were left with worthless holes in the ground. Today, wildcat oil wells are in areas that are not known to have oil.
36. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Wildcats and their stories.
B. Wildcats and their characters.
C. Varieties of animal species.
D. Relationship between animals and humans.
37. From the passage we can know that________.
A. wildcats represent the state of Michigan
B. the use of wildcats was not always the same
C. wildcats are the best friend of human beings
D. honest developers never buy wildcat oil wells
38. Which of the following would people like to have or trust according to the passage?
A. Wildcat congressmen.
B. Wildcat oil wells.
C. Wildcat banks.
D. Wildcat cars.
39. It can be inferred that during the days of wildcat
money________.
A. people couldn't buy anything with the money
B. people didn't know how to save money
C. the rich invested too much on oil wells
D. people complained and suffered a lot
答案与解析：
36．A文章主要讲述了野猫以及它们与人类有关的一些故事。
37．B从第二段第一句可知B项正确。
38．D从第一段倒数一、二句可知D项是人们可以信任的。
39．D从第三段最后一句“It said a man might be rich in the morning and poor by night.”可知答案。
高中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji Unit 3 A healthy life 课时作业(五)Warming Up & Reading Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．More and more people cannot bear the ________(压力)of modern life. 2．After the accident，he was ________(禁止)from driving alone. 3．He ________(停止)smoking，and talked something to the person next to him. 4．This heating system has an ________(自动的)temperature control. 5．I am ________(使习惯于)to taking a walk after supper. 6．He has been brought in to ________(加强)the defence. 7．At one time，she is fine，but at another，she is ________(异常的)． 8．As for you，you ought to be ________(惭愧的)of yourself. 9．They think this is an ________(滥用)of power. 10．In the long run，working regularly has a good ________(效力)on our health. Ⅱ.单项填空 1．(2013·芜湖高二月考)Children at the beginning of last century were________to the life without television. A．disappointed B．accustomed C．puzzled D．harmful 2．(2013·烟台高二月考)I found her nice and honest________I saw her. A．for the first time B．the first time C．on the first time D．at first 3．________ I explained on the phone，your request will be considered at the next meeting. A．When B．After C．As D．Since
选修6重点词汇，短语，句子复习总结 选修六. M6 Unit1 重点单词 abstract 抽象 sculpture 雕塑 belief 信仰 special特殊 visual视觉 consequently 因此 specific 具体 fragrant芳香 permanent永久 faith信念（信心） symbol象征 value 价值focus 焦点 avenue 大道 exhibition展览 possession拥有 figure图 achievemen 成就mostly 大多shadow阴影 variety 品种 contemporary 当代 custom 习俗adopt采用 object对象 explore gallery admission influence conventional convince ridiculous controversial excellent evident attempt predict collection discovery traditional amazing realistic masterpiece environment style aggressive scholar civilization counterpart scene permanent tip preference represent display fragile typical shape gradually technique reputation including replace 重点短语 focus on 集中 a great deal 大量 scores of concentrate on at the same time that Is (to say) as well as by coincidence lie in break away from on the other hand be well worth would rather appeal to精力在一个很大的成绩 集中精力在同一时间是(说) 以及巧合睡懒觉了 摆脱另一方面很值得 宁愿吸引 重点句子 1. A typical picture of this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of … 一个典型的图片的这个时候布满了宗教符号,创造了一种感觉… 2.But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when … 但显然的想法改变13th世纪… 1
选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
选修六Module 1 ⒈lack (1)Lack money/ experience/ time (2)Be lacking in (3)For lack of ①健康问题与不好的饮食习惯及缺乏锻炼有很大的关系。 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. ②大城市因为缺乏空间建起了越来越多的高层建筑。 More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. ③由于缺乏睡眠，许多学生无法集中精力于学习上( 一句多译). Many students can’t concentrate on their studies for lack of sleep. Many students lack sleep, which makes it difficult for them to concentrate on their studies. Lacking sleep makes it difficult for many students to concentrate on their studies. Many students are lacking in sleep so that they can’t concentrate on their studies. ⒉advance Adj. 预先的在前的 预付款advance payment 提前做点某事do a little advance planning v.前进发展进步推动，将···提前 →advanced 先进的，高级的， advanced technology /society /courses n. in advance 提前、事先= ahead of time. ⒊In addition 此外，另外=besides, what’s more in addition to 除···之外= apart from// besides There’s a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge In addition , you need to know how long you should stay. Except //except for I cant take my holidays at any time except in August.
Unit1 课内练习答案（P3Ex.1） P3Ex.3 1F2T3T4T5T6T P4Ex.1 1superb2aim3ridiculous4faith5evident 6conventional7gallery8abstract9technique10sculpture P4Ex.2 possess a great deal By coincidence adopt attempted On the other hand predict 详解： 翻译：《这些作品是凡高的真迹吗？》最受欢迎的艺术风格在西方国家就是印象派，许多人想拥有一幅印象派作品并且不惜花巨资去买一幅，巧合的事是，一些采用印象派画法的画家也可以画出不为人知的“杰作”，有一位画家，奥托?沃森，用凡高的风格作画并且迅速赚了很多钱，许多评论家都觉得它是凡高的真迹，一方面，一些评论家发现了，另一方面，一些评论家好奇是否有许多“杰作”被挂在画廊上，一位膜拜凡高作品的人说：“如果这种杰作的数量超过200，我也不会惊奇.”于是有人预言下一幅“杰作”在什么地方什么地点会被发现？ P5Ex.2 1W2F3W4F 5.If he had right to choose his holiday,he would go to Mexico. 6.If I were not allergic to shellfish,I would enjoy eating them. 7.If the marble statue were not big for her garden,the housewife would
8.If we knew more about the disease,we would be able to treat the patients very effectively. P5Ex.3 1were would make2were would be3were would be 4could would paint5were would help6could take 7knew would send8could9were would be 10would come could P7Ex.2
Review of Book 6 高二英语选修6 重要知识点复习 I.Let?s review the phrases of book6. 从方框里选择短语并用正确的形式填空，每个短语只能够用一次（其中有多余的选项） burn to the ground, put up with, on the whole, result in , so long as, come about, in the distance, build up, focus on , scores of, a great deal of, manage to , be made up o f, translate …into, take it easy,, in spite of, in sorrow, take possession of, due to, decide on , be addicted to, get into, in the flesh, run out of, stand for, feel like, be accustomed to, convince…of, pay attention to, in the darkness, take a risk 1 the restaurant?s success was___ its new manage. 2 Could you tell me how many departments this university ____? 3 The man often returns from work very late and gets through the woods ___ by himself. 4The king tried to______ his men ____ his power by leading the great army. 5At the discussion, the farmers? argument____ whether their farmlands should be covered by the factory. 6Once you ___ surfing on the Internet, you will find it rather hard to give it up. 7Though humans have discovered____ oil and coal, they mustn?t waste energy like that. 8You can not legally____ the property until three weeks after the contract is signed. 9In mathematics, the letter “X” usually ______ an unknown figure. 10Hearing the sad news that the famous actor died of cancer, all his fans were deeply ______. 11“_______, young man” , the doctor said to Bill. “Let me examine you carefully. 12______ so many difficulties , we?ll do whatever we can to finish the task. 13It was so dry and hot in the desert and the travelers ______ the water they had. 14Without any guide leading them in the forest, the explorers soon____ trouble. 15I?m very hungry now and I _____ eating some food or fruit as soon as possible. 16Those young people would like to _____ so that they could find out whether there is a huge snake in the cave. 17Last week, we saw the man_______ who was said to have died in an accident and we know the news was not true. 18After a long heated discussion, the manager finally_______ taking the measures to encourage their stuff. 19A large number of young people who________ the comfortable life in the city would rather not return to the countryside. 20The popularity of private cars will_____ more serious air pollution and more traffic accidents. 21However, ________, I think I have been fortunate. 22With the Internet bridging people all over the world, great changes have________. 23A balanced diet and enough exercise can certainly_________ your health. 24The pay you get is so low in the company while your work is so hard-----how can you _________it? 25One can achieve his goal sooner or later_______ he is able to face the future with confidence and work hard at it. II.Words spelling. 单词拼写A： 1.They had to c______ tomorrow?s football match because of the bad weather. 2.He studied the German market to find the _______( 可能性) there for investment. 3.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ________( 不幸地), neither of them could swim. 4.The car club couldn?t ________（保证）to meet the demands of all its members. 5.Miss Lin made a very _________(印象深刻的) speech at the meeting. 6.American culture is u______ because it was formed and developed under special conditions. 7.The lecture was so long and dull that most audiences got b______ with it. 8._______(发抖) with fear, I made my way to the edge of the crater. 单词拼写B 1.The word “ honesty” is an a______ （抽象）noun. 2.There are many art g_____ （画廊）in New York. 3.I?m afraid I?ve never been much of a s______ (学者) 4.They are to put on an ______ (展览) of French paintings next week. 5.The prisoners a______ (尝试) to escape, but failed. 单词拼写C： 1．Some___________ (青少年) have got into the habit of taking drugs. 2．She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and _______(最后)work the Times. 3．The doors opened _______（自动地）as we approached. 4．He played the piano for a bit of __________ （放松） 5．It?s ________（不合法的）to park your car here. 6．He put forward a plan for improving the rate of_______（生产）。 7．So I did wrong thing! Well, nobody?s_______（完美的）。 8．A woman is ________（怀孕的）for nine months before a child is born. 9．In fact,_______（压力）isn?t so bad a thing as it is often supposed to be. 10.The man made a________（陈述）to the police. 单词填空D 1．T he __________(平均数)of 3,6 and 9 is 6 2．G as and coal are __________(燃料)。 3．W e had very little d_________(资料)on that subject.
Unit 1 1. faith Un. 信任，信念，信心+in ；宗教信仰 We always have faith in the quality of your products. a strong faith 2. consequently adv. 因此，所以 My car broke down, and consequently I was late. 3. aim Cn. 目标，目的，意图 Un. 瞄准 v. 努力，力争；瞄准，对准 The main aim of the course is to improve your writing skills. What’s your aim in life? take aim at… The hunter took aim at the lion. We aim to give every student an equal chance of education. We study day and night, aiming at winning the scholarship. The hunter aimed his gun at a deer but didn’t shoot. 4. conventional adj. 传统的，按惯例、习俗办事的，守旧的 Internet connections through conventional phone lines are very slow. 5. typical adj. 典型的，有代表性的+of The painting is typical of his early works. 6. evident adj. 明显的，明白的 It is evident that he is the best person for the job. It must be evident to all of you that he has made a mistake. 7. adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养，过继 We’ll adopt a new plan to help the victims. His mother had him adopted because she couldn’t look after her son herself. 8. possess v. 拥有，占有，具有 Because of his gambling, he lost everything he possessed. possession n. 拥有；个人财产，私人财物（常pl.） Dangerous drugs were found in her possession. She was found in possession of dangerous drugs. 9. convince v. 使确信，使明白+sb. of sth.；说服+sb. to do sth. He convinced me of the difficulty of the work. He parents cannot convince her that she has made a wrong decision. I’ve been convincing John to come with me. 10. coincidence. n. 巧合；巧合的事 —I’m going to Paris tomorrow. —What a coincidence! So am I. By coincidence, we were travelling on the same train that way. 11. a great deal 大量的+of Un. 12. score n. 二十 three score and ten students scores of students a score of students 13. on the one hand … on the other hand…一方面…另一方面…
西方绘画艺术简史 艺术是受一个民族的风俗和信仰影响。西方艺术风格经历了多次变革。因为西方艺术多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本书只谈及从公元六世纪开始以来最重要的几种艺术风格。 中世纪(5到15世纪) 在中世纪时期,画家的主要目的是把宗教主题表现出来。这一时期传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。这时的典型绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴和敬重。但是，13世纪时绘画观念在改变是显而易见的，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种更现实的方式来画宗教场景。 文艺复兴时期（15世纪到16世纪） 在文艺复兴时期,新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品，这样就可以装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅。他们出价聘请著名艺术家不仅让他们画他们的活动和成就，还要他们画自己的肖像、房子和所有物。 在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事务。这一手法是1428年由马萨乔第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。 印象派(19世纪后期到20世纪初期) 19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会转变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有许多新发明和社会变革。这些变革也自然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。 印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，很多人不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心，粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。 现代艺术(20世纪到今天) 在印象派作品的创建初期，他们是存在着争议的，但是如今已经被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格也许就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么真实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画风格？
Unit 1 P4 Answer key for Exercise 1 1 superb 2 aim 3 ridiculous 4 faith 5 evident 6 conventional 7 gallery 8 abstract 9 technique Answer key for Exercise 2 Possess, a great deal, By coincidence, adopt, attempted, On the other hand, predict P5 Answer key for Exercise 1 If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint? What would you rather do - paint pictures, make sculptures or design buildings? If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see … Answer key for Exercise 2 1 W 2 F 3 W 4 F 5 If he had right to choose his holiday, he would go to Mexico. 6 If I were not allergic to shellfish, I would enjoy eating them. 7 If the marble statue were not too big for her garden, the housewife would buy it. 8 If we knew more about the disease, we would be able to treat the patients very effectively. Answer key for Exercise 3 1 David is not a sculptor. If he were, he would make a sculpture for the exhibition. 2 Sally is not an aggressive woman. If she were, she would be a more successful businesswoman. 3 If Sam were here, he would be so excited about meeting a famous scholar in the flesh. 4 If I could paint, I would paint you an abstract painting in the style of Matisse. 5 Mr Ling isn’t here. If he were, he would help you with your geometry. 6 It’s Miss Liang’s birthday today. I wish I could take her out to a superb restaurant for dinner. 7 We don’t know her address. If we knew it, we would send her a big bunch of flowers. 8 People say that the art exhibition is worth seeing. I wish I could go with you but I’m too busy these days. 9 If Masaccio were alive, he would be amazed at how artists paint today. 10 If Peter would come to our school, he could go to our art classes. P42 Answer key for Exercise 1 1 exhibit (v.) – exhibition (n.) 2 impress (v.) – impression (n.) possess (v.) – possession (n.) 3 civilize (v.) – civilization (n.) realize (v.) – realization (n.) 4 profession (n.) – professional (adj.) convention (n.) – conventional (adj.) 5 prefer (v.) – preference (n.) differ (v.) – difference (n.) 6 evident (adj.) – evidence (n.) permanent (adj.) – permanence (n.) 7 fragrant (adj.) – fragrance (n.) distant (adj.) – distance (n.) 8 controversy (n.) – controversial (adj.) industry (n.) – industrial (adj.) Answer key for Exercise 2 café, district, avenue, shadow, typical, bunch, painting, fragrant, signature, reputation Answer key for Exercise 3 1. 虽然我不是现代艺术方面的学者，但是去看展览的主意对我很有吸引力。 Although I’m not a scholar in contemporary art, the idea of going to the exhibition appeals to me. 2. 你知道几何学在传统的西方艺术中曾被用来勾画绘画作品吗？
Unit 1 I词汇及结构 1. would rather do sth情愿做…. would rather sb did sth情愿sb做… 情愿做….而不愿意做…：would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth 2.faith n. 信任,信仰keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信 have faith in 相信, 信任 in good faith 老实地；诚恳地faithful adj. 忠诚的，可靠的 3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text． so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that…) so many/few +n (复数) (+ that…) so much/little (不可数) (+that…) such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数) 4.consequently adv. 所以，因此 Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it. 福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。 consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的 consequence n. 结果
选修六知识点 -----高二英语备课组 Unit 1 Art 1.achieve one’s aim 实现某人的目标without one’s aim 漫无目标的 with the aim of 意在…，以…为目标aim at doing sth /aim to do sth 意欲，力求做某事 be aimed at (doing) sth.目的在于…，旨在… 2.be typical of……是特有的，是典型的… E.g. It’s typical of him to forget. 3.be possessed of sth. 具有（某种品质或特征）be possessed with/by 被…控制 take the possession of sth 占有某物，拿到某物 in possession of /in the possession of 归…所有（用法与in charge of & in the charge of相同） 4.a great deal 大量（a great deal of 修饰不可数名词） 5.make an attempt to do/at doing sth 尝试做…at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth 试图做某事attempt to do/ at doing sth 尝试做某事 6. on the one hand…on the other hand （般指两个相反或相对的方面）一方面…另一方面 for one thing ..for another thing…常陈述情况一致的两个方面，用于解释原因，表列举 7.be worth doing = be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 值得做… be well worth doing sth.（主动表被动）It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做… 8.have/lose faith in 对某人信任/失去对某人的信任 9.keep one’s figure 保持身材have a good figure 身材苗条figure out 算出，解决，理解 10. would rather do ..than…= would do …rather than… I would rather go on foot than take a bus.= I would go on foot rather than take a bus. 11. in preference to 优先于have a preference for 更喜欢… 12.appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣appeal for 恳求/呼吁… 13 win/earn reputation 赢得名声have a reputation for 以…而闻名. establish reputation 建立名誉 a good /bad reputation 好/坏名声 live up to one’s reputation 名不虚传…不负盛名… 14.动词不定式作后置定语： 1.用在序数词、形容词最高级后. E.g. He is the first to come here. 2.用在被序数词、形容词最高级、next、last、only等修饰的名词后. Eg. The best way to solve the problem is to make a plan. 15.more than + 数词表示“多于，超过”I have taught English more than 15 years. more than + 名词表示“不仅仅”The museum displays more than the visual delights of art. more than + 动词/形容词/副词表示“非常”I’m more than pleased to help you . more than + 句子表示“超过…的能力范围”The beauty is more than I can describe. 16. 句型what is known to us all is that…= it is known to us all that …= As is known to us all, … 17. 短语：It was evident that…很显然…It is predicted that …据预测…concentrate..on 集中，全神贯注于in perspective 用透视画法by coincidence 巧合地break away from 挣脱，脱离scores of 许多.in the flesh 活着的，亲自，本人 every two years= every second year = every other year 每2年be allergic to 对…过敏 be well worth a visit 很值得参观to be specific 具体地说be specific to 特有的；独特的attitude to/towards 对…的态度convince sb of sth /that…使某人相信… Unit 2 Poems 1．convey sth to sb 向某人表达/传递某物convey sb/sth from A to B把…从A地运送到B地2.take one’s time 不急，慢慢来take sth seriously 认真对待某事 take sth for granted 认为…理所应当 3.run out of 用完了…表示主动意义，run out …用完了，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等We are running out of the money. = The money is running out. (钱快要用完了) 4.be made up of=be composed of =consist of由……组成