第三章名词性从句
●重点知识回顾
同学们，我们现在来看看名词性从句。在我们讲解这个语法项目之前，我先请你想一想，这个“名词性从句”是个名词呢？还是个句子？对了，是个句子。是个具有了名词性质的句子。那么你再想想，名词都能做什么句子成分呢？对了。名词能做：主语，表语，宾语，定语，补足语，同位语。
在谈名词性从句之前,我们先来复习一下名词所充当的句子成分
1. Some __________(女人) working in the field. （主语）
2. No help ________ found, though they tried to. （主语）
3. China and India _______ developing countries. （主语）
4. The project need more workers
5. The woman over there is a foreigner
参考答案：
1.women are
2. was
3. are
4 句中划线的名词在句中做宾语
5句中划线名词在句中做表语
名词性从句的概念
复习了名词之后，我们该来看看名词性从句了。
名词性从句的概念是什么呢？名词性从句相当于名词，在主从复合句中，可以做主句的主语，表语，宾语，同位语等。在大多数情况下，这些承担起这些作用的从句被称为名词性从,句子成分是由名词来充当的，所以．
句。也就是说，名词性从句包括：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句.我们在初中阶段所接触到的名词性从句主要是宾语从句。下面我们简要复习一下宾语从句的有关内容。
一、宾语从句的定义
宾语从句是指在复合句中作及物动词的宾语的从句，也可以作某些形容词或介词的宾语。
二、宾语从句的用法
We can learn what we didn't know.
我们学习不知道的东西。
Do you know whom they are waiting for?
你知道他们在等谁吗?
I wonder whether(if) daughters are valued as much as son.
我不知道是否女儿会像男孩一样受重视.
I will give the present to whoever finishes the work first.
我要把这个礼物送给最先完成工作的人。
The Bachs hold what they call “family day”once a month.
巴赫一家每月举办一次他们所谓的“家庭日”。
如果主句谓语动词是make, find, see, hear等,通常把把宾语从句至于宾补之后，用it做形式宾语,从而构成：主语+谓语+形式宾语it +宾语补足语+真正的宾语,如:
We find it necessary that we practise spoken-English.
我们发现练习英语口语是必要的.
另外，某些做表语的形容词(sure, happy, glad, certain)之后也带宾语从句,如:
It' s certain that our life will become better and better.
我们的生活肯定会变得越来越好.
I'm sure that you will succeed in the end.
我敢保证你最终会成功的.
还有，如果主句谓语是think, suppose, imagine, believe等，宾语从句中的否定意义通常在主句中表达，也就是not 提前，语法上称为“否定转移”。例如：
I don't think you are right.
我认为你不对。
●知识过渡精讲
除去初中所学的宾语从句之外，还有其他三类名词性从句，
即主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。下面我们重点讲解一下这三种从句的用法。
一．名词性从句的关联词主要有三类：
主从连词：that（无词义，不做成分）, if (是否，只能引导宾语从句) whether（是否）；
连接代词：who (谁)，whom（谁），whose（谁的），what（什么），which（哪一个、哪一些）；
连接副词：when (什么时候)，where（什么地方），why（为什么），how（怎样）。
二. 分类讲解
1. 主语从句
（1）定义
主语从句是指在复合句中作主句的主语的从句。
（2）用法
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是不是来还是个问题。
What we need is more time.
我们所需要的是更多的时间。
Who will go makes no difference.
谁去没什么不同。
Which team will win the game is still unknown.
哪支队伍将赢得比赛还不知道。
When they will start is being discussed now.
他们将什么时候开始正在被讨论。
Where she has gone has been found out.
她去了哪里已经被发现。
如果主语从句较长,为了避免“头重脚轻”,我们通常的做法是用it做形式主语,而将结构较长的从句后置,如:
It is strange that you should like him.
你居然喜欢他,这有点奇怪.
It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.
众所周知，月亮围绕地球转。
It's a shame that you can't come to the party.
真遗憾你不能来参加晚会。
2.表语从句
（1）定义
表语从句是指在复合句中作主句的表语的从句，位于主句的系动词之后。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。
）用法2（．
The question is who can solve the problem.
问题是谁能够解决这个麻烦.
He looks as if he is going to cry.(表示真实情况,不用虚拟语气)
他看起来要哭了.
She looks as if she were going to die.
她看起来要死了.(其实不是这种情况,所以使用虚拟语气)
What I want to say is that we should obey the rules.
我要说的是我们应该遵守规定.
The reason for her being late this morning is that she didn't catch the early
bus.
他今天上午迟到的原因是他没有赶上早班车.
The problem is how we can finish so much work within such a short
time.
问题是我们如何能在如此短的时间内完成这么多工作.
The village is not what it used to be .
这个村庄已经不再是过去的样子了.
3. 同位语从句
（1）定义
位于名词或代词后，进一步说明该名词的内容，经常后面接同位
语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, idea, truth, suggestion, order,
wish，belief, hope, thought, word等。连接词用that（不用which），及连接副词how, when, where, why等
（2）用法
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.
.他的延误是由于汽车中途坏了这个事实
The news that our team has won the game is true.
我们队赢得了比赛的消息是真的.
There is no doubt that you will be warmly welcomed at the evening party.
毫无疑问，你们在晚会上会受到热烈的欢迎.
I have no idea when I will be back from Beijing.
我不知道什么时候从北京回来。
I have no idea what is actually going on in the classroom.
我不知道教室里实际上在干什么？
同位语从句不同于定语从句，定语从句是对前面的名词或代词进行修饰、限制，表明是什么人、什么事；同位语从句则是对前面的词加以补充、说明。例如：
The news that he told me is very disappointing.
名词性从句高考题语法填空 1. （2014北京卷）30. The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal. 2. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything. 3. （2014大纲卷）2 4. Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 156 5. 4. It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. 5. （2014福建卷）34. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing you're afraid to do. 6. He thought mattered most in improving your spoken English was enough confidence and practice. 7. （2014湖南卷）24. As John Lennon once said，life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 8. _____ is known to us all is that the 2010 Asian Games will take place in Guangzhou. 9.2014山东卷）7. It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 10. The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would face. 11.（2014四川卷）2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, "That's ______ I was born." 12. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s_______I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. 14. （2014浙江卷）8. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me. 15. People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see ____ he will do. 16. （2014重庆卷）12.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ____ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities. A. when B. Why C. that D. how 1. (2013·北京卷·T31)makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 2.(2013·山东卷·T30)It’s good to know the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away. 3.(2013·浙江卷·T16)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 4.(2013·四川卷·T6)you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 5.(2013·重庆卷·T28)struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. 6.(2013·天津卷·T15)I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 7.(2013·北京卷·T33)Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
名词性从句超详细讲解] 【文字｜双语| 教程】▼引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词（5个）：that （本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略）whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though （[1] 均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词（10个）：what/ whatever, who/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever, which/ whichever连接副词（7个）：when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词。2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.3. 在从句中做成分的连词.比较whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，只可用whether：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首。 eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.2. 引导表语从句。eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.3.whether从句作介词宾语。eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.4.if与whether都可以与or not 连用，但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether。We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此时只能用
2020届高三好教育精准培优专练 培优点六名词性从句 一、真题在线 1. 【2019·江苏·单项选择】Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body. A. what B. that C. which D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，意思完整，且与“evidence”指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。 2. 【2018·天津·单项选择】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race. A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。 3.【2018·北京·单项选择】This is _________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。“________ my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中作“teach”的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用what 引导。D项正确。引导名词性从句时,how表方式，意为“如何”；which意为“哪一个”；that只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。 4. 【2018·北京·单项选择】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 【答案】C
英语语法：名词性从句语法讲解 时间：2016-10-08作者：来源：精品学习网 笔者在此就名词性从句中的几大易错点进行分析，希望对同学们有所帮助。 [关系代词和关系副词的误用] 例1 （2016·全国卷Ⅰ） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 解析 that→where。本题考查宾语从句，引导词在从句中充当地点状语，所以将that改为where。 例2 （2015·全国卷Ⅱ） As natural architects， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 解析 how。根据语境和空后的形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故答案为how。 点拨若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用关系代词；若从句缺少时间、地点、原因、方式等状语成分，则使用关系副词 （when/where/why/how）。 [if和whether的误用] 例3 He asked her the question if they can be friends. 解析 if→whether。question后为同位语从句，只能用whether来引导，故而将if改为whether。 例4 It doesn’t matter so much you will come or not. 解析考查主语从句。句意：你来还是不来，这不怎么重要。代词it作形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的主语从句。 点拨在表达“是否”这一意思时，我们经常会用到whether和if，但以下几种情况只用whether不用if： 1. 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中； 2. 在介词后的宾语从句中。如：It all depends on whether they will
名词性从句讲解 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面 1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别 3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别 5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 语法要点剖析 一、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1）It + be + 名词+ that从句（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… 2. 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如： He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。 例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
高一语法专题：名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在 复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性 从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的词叫做连接词，包括：1. 连词（在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不 作成分） 2. 连接代词（在名词性从句中作主语、宾语 或表语） 3. 连接副词（在名词性从句中作状语） I 主语从句：是在主句中作主语的从句。它由连接词引导，通常位于谓语动词之前。 连接词： 1. 连词：在从句中不充当任何成分，常见的引导主语从句的连词有that, whether。 That he got the first prize excited him much. 他获得一等奖一事使他非常兴奋。 It is doubtful whether we can get there on time. 我们能否按时到达那儿还不确定。 1）that引导的主语从句：在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义。一般情况 下that不可省略。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光沿直线传播。 That you don't like him is none of my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。 2 Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。 Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. 你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。 2.连接代词：在从句中起名词或代词的作用，常作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具 体意义且不能省略。常见的连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever。 What we should do with the problem is undecided. 我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。（what引导主语从句，不表疑问意义） Whom the letter was from is still unknown. 这封信是谁邮寄的还不清楚。 3.连接副词：在从句中起副词的作用，常作从句的状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。 常见的连接副词有when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。 Why he did that wasn't quite clear.
名词性从句 一、定义 名词性从句，其用法相当于一个名词的用法，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语，分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 二、引导名词性从句的连接词 1. 连接代词：既起连接作用，本身又做从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语：who、whoever、whom、whomever、whose、whosever、which、whichever、what、whatever。 2. 连接副词：既起连接作用，本身又做从句的状语：when、where、why、how。 3. 从属连词：只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分：that、whether、if、as if/though等。【温馨提示】根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether，if和as if都用不上时，才用that做连接词。 【练习一】在空格处填入适当的连接词，然后指出每句分别属于哪种名词性从句。 1. The truth that the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 同位语从句 2. I am very interested in how he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 宾语从句 3. What we need is more time. 主语从句 4. Please tell me who/whom you are waiting for. 宾语从句 5. No one knew whose dictionary that was. 宾语从句 6. Do you know which is longer, the Changjiang River or the Mississippi? 宾语从句 7. Whether he will come or not is not yet known. 主语从句 8. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 主语从句 9. My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 表语从句 10. The reason why he didn’t come this morning was that it was raining heavily. 表语从句 三、名词性从句中需要注意的几大问题 ●当主语时态为一般过去式时，宾语从句的时态通常要与主句保持一致，但如果从句表示的是真理或客观现象，则仍用一般现在时。 1. 我告诉他我马上回来。 I told him (that) I would come back soon. 2. 他说他已经读完这部小说。 He said (that) he had finished reading this novel. 3. 老师说光比声传播快。 The teacher said (that) light travels faster than sound. ●that引导宾语从句时，很多情况下都可省略，不可省去的情况有： ﹡动词后有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，紧跟动词后的宾语从句可以省去that，其余的宾语从句前的that不能省去。 4. 他说展览会很好，他想再去参观一次。 He said (that) the exhibition was excellent and that he wanted to visit it once more. ﹡谓语和宾语从句之间有插入语时，宾语从句前的that不能省去。 5. 就在那时，我第一次注意到我们的老板穿着他那件漂亮的绿外套。 Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our boss was wearing his beautiful green coat. ﹡宾语从句紧跟在间接宾语后时，that不能省去 6. 老师建议我们要重视读和写。 The teacher advised us that we should pay attention to reading and writing. ﹡it作形式宾语时，宾补之后引导宾语从句的that不能省去。
名词性从句 01.I want to know is it is worth doing. A.What; that B. What; whether C. That; why D. That; what 02.visits the Great Wall will be struck by it. A.Anyone B. Each C. Whoever D. Everybody 03.the workers insisted on was that they more pay. A.That; must be given B. What; should give C. Whether; would be given D. What; be given 04.She asked . A.what I was doing when she rang me up B. What was I doing when she rang me up C. When she rang me up what was I doing D. When did she ring me up what I was doing 05.Writing stories and articles I enjoy most. A.is that B. are that C. is what D. have been what 06.He asked the tailor . A.how long would the coat be ready B. how soon would the coat be ready C. how long the coat would be ready D. how soon the coat would be ready 07.The policeman came up to see . A.what the matter is B. what the matter was C. what was the matter D. what is the matter 08.he told us is a . A.That; lay B. Which; true C. What; lie D. Whose; truth 09.It was not until the headmaster came . A.and so the students got down to work B. did the students get down to work C. that the students got down to work D. then the students got down to work 10.I wonder this kind of metal can be used in the construction industry. A.how B. what C. about D. which 11.--- you did? --- No, as a matter of fact I didn’t need to. A.Is that what B. Is what that C. What is that D. Is that which 12.She is pleased with you have given her and all you have told. A.that; that B. what; which C. what; that D. all; what 13.They expressed the hope they would come over to visit China again. A.which B. that C. whether D. for which 14.I wanted to say. A.Such was what B. What was such C. Such was that D. That was such
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的词叫做连接词，包括： 1. 连词（在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不作成分） 2. 连接代词（在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语） 3. 连接副词（在名词性从句中作状语） 所有的名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。 主语从句：是在主句中作主语的从句。它由连接词引导，通常位于谓语动词之前。连接词： 1. 连词：在从句中不充当任何成分，常见的引导主语从句的连词有that, whether。That he got the first prize excited him much. 他获得一等奖一事使他非常兴奋。 It is doubtful whether we can get there on time. 我们能否按时到达那儿还不确定。 1）that引导的主语从句：在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义。一般情况 下that不可省略。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光沿直线传播。 That you don't like him is none of my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。 2）whether引导的主语从句：常置于句首，表示“是否”之意； if一般不引导主语从句。 Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。 Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. 你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。 连接代词：在从句中起名词或代词的作用，常作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体意义且不能省略。常见的连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever。 What we should do with the problem is undecided. 我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。（what引导主语从句，不表疑问意义）Whom the letter was from is still unknown. 这封信是谁邮寄的还不清楚。 连接副词：在从句中起副词的作用，常作从句的状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。常见的连接副词有when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。Why he did that wasn't quite clear. 他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。 Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 我们在哪儿可以查他的地址还是个难题。 注意：it代替主语从句作形式主语
中考—名词性从句 主语从句 主语从句的语序 主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如： What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. 使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。 连接词的选用 （1）that和what的选用 that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。如： What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。（2）if和whether的选用 引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如： Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。 （3）其它连接代词和副词的选用 根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如： When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。 Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。 Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。 （4）whatever / whoever的功用 whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。如： Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ） Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ） it构成的主语从句 （1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。谓语是seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be one's hope, be likely等词或短语时。 It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：
名词性从句 名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
名词性从句专项复习 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词that，whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which,连接副词：when, where, how, why, wh- ever 名词性从句连接词的选用 一、that 和what的选用： that 和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 二、if 和whether 的选用 不能使用if 的情况： a. 主语从句句首 b. 表语从句，同位语从句 c. if引起歧义 d. 介词后的宾语从句 e. 与to do连用 f .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if 三、其它连接代词和副词的连用 主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。 四、引导词that 的省略 that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略 that不可省略的情况：a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句d.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句e.并列的宾语从句中，后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略 五、同位语从句的引导和辨别 1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词+ 从句 2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等. 3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句. 4.中心词是“意见、建议、命令”从句要用虚拟（should）do 六、同位语从句和定语从句的区别 1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语。从句中that充当成分，做宾语时可省略。 2.同位语从句表明中心词的具体内容。that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略. 判断从句类型 七、宾语从句的时态呼应 1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. 2. 如果主句时态是过去式，从句要改成相应的过去式 八、it做形式主语 常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词+ that从句（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句 （3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 名词性从句专项练习
专题7 ：名词性从句 一、概念 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题、连接词选用、时态的呼应等 Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 2. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 从属连词：that, whether, if 不充当从句的任何成分 连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever. （作主、宾、表、补） 连接副词: when, where, how, why, however, wherever（状） 主语从句的用法 一、主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。 1．That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round 2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided. = It hasn’t been decided whether he will come. 注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略(注: if不可用来引导主语从句） When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.) Whoever leaves the room last should close the door. Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people. 3.常见的it作形式主语的结构
名词性从句 一、定义：名词性从句在功能上相当于名词，是一个句子分别充当另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语，由此被称为主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。 辨别下列从句属于哪种名词性从句并分析： 1）Why they haven’t left yet is unclear. 2）It was good news that everyone got back safely. 3）Polly didn’t know which way she should go. 4）I’m interested in who that tall man is. 5）We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone. 6）My question is whether Polly can find her way home. 7）The fact that Polly didn’t ask for the man’s name is a pity. 总结：名词性从句主要由陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句充当。 1）陈述句充当名词性从句时，由that引导；2）一般疑问句充当名词性从句时，由if或whether引导从句；3）特殊疑问句充当名词性从句时，由疑问词本身做连词引导从句。4）名词性从句的语序应使用陈述句语序，不可用一般问句语序。 二、引导名词性从句的从属连词及从句语序 1.连接词that；功能1）不充当句子成分2）无词义3）只起连接作用。 2.if/whether;功能：1）意为“是否”，有词义2）不做句子成分3）起连接作用 翻译: