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第三单元词汇翻译第二节词类转换一、转译为动词1、带有动作意味的名词例1. Television is transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.例2. The American people demanded his release.He won praise for his release of the prisoners of war.例3. The sight and sound of our jet plane filled me with special longing.例4. I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.例5. We are enemies of all aggressive wars.例6. The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.2、表示动作的介词例1. A force is needed to move an object against inertia.例2. The letter I is commonly used for current, E for electromotive force, and R for resistance.例3. In his early days he abandoned medicine for literature.3、动词衍生的形容词和表示感觉的形容词例1.Sugar and salt are both soluble in water.例2. The Republicans are out, the Democrats in.例3. They are not sure they can save his life.例4. She is familiar with English.二、转译为名词1、动词例1. Often property damage and disrupted lives result.例2. The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball.例3. Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water.例4. When this happens, the light is said to be reflected.2、形容词例1. They did their best to help the sick and the poor.例2. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft.例3. The Wilde family were religious.3、副词例1. He is physically weak but mentally sound.例2. They have not done so well ideologically, as organizationally.例3. Certainly people in enterprises must be mathematically informed if they are to make wise decision.三、转译为形容词1、名词例1. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.例2. The lower stretches of rivers show considerable variety.例3. I am a perfect stranger to physics.2、副词例1. The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.四、转译为副词1、名词例1. When he catches a glimpse of potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.2、形容词例1.We took brief, restless naps.例2. I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.例3. This is sheer nonsense.例4. Buckley was in a clear minority.。
选择性必修二Unit 3 Food and Culture一、汉译英1. cuisine n.菜肴，风味，烹饪2. prior adj.先前的，优先的3. minimum adj.最低的，最小的n.最小值，最少量4. temper n.脾气，火气5. canteen n.食堂，餐厅6. cafeteria n.自助餐厅，自主食堂7. somewhat adv.有点，稍微8. madam n.夫人，女士9. calorie n. 卡路里10. category n.类别，种类11. fibre n.纤维，纤维制品12. quantity n.数量，数额13. ideal adj.完美的，理想的，想象的n. 理想，完美的人（或事物）14. fundamental adj. 根本的，基础的，基本的n. 基本规律，根本法则15. chew vi.&vt.咀嚼，嚼碎n.咀嚼16. trick n.诀窍，计谋，把戏17. overall adv. 总体上，大致上adj.全面的，综合的18. dessert n.甜点19. stuff vt.填满，把…..塞进n.东西，物品20. recipe n.烹饪法，食谱21. chef n.厨师，主厨22. ingredient n.材料，成分二、词汇拓展23. exceptional adj.特别的，罕见的exception n.例外，一般情况以外的人except conj.除了，只是prep.除…….之外24. consume vt.吃，喝，饮，消耗consumer n.消费者，顾客，用户consumption n. 消费，消耗，消耗量25.association n.协会，关联associate v.联想，联系26.regardless adv.不顾，不加理会regard v.看待n. 注意，关心，尊敬，问候27.modest adj. 谦虚的，朴素的,些许的modestly adv.谦虚地，谨慎地28.stable adj. 稳定的，稳重的stability n.稳定性，稳固性_stabilize_ v. 使稳固，使稳定29.__elegant_adj.精美的，讲究的，文雅的_elegance_ n. 高雅，典雅，优雅三、英译汉30. pepper n._甜椒，灯笼椒，胡椒粉__31.bold adj.大胆自信的，敢于冒险的32. peppercorn n. _胡椒粒33.vinegar n._醋_34. slice n._薄片；vt.把......切成薄片_35.onion n._洋葱，葱头mb n._羊羔肉，羔羊_37. dim sum n._点心_38.vegetarian n._素食者_39.junk n.__无用的东西__40.garlic n._蒜41.bacon n._熏猪肉，咸肉_42.ham n._火腿__43.sausage n._香肠，腊肠__44. cabbage n.甘蓝，卷心菜，辣白菜45.bean curd n.豆腐=tofu46. brand n. 品牌47.olive n._橄榄树，油橄榄_48. dough n._生面团__49.bun n.__圆面包，小圆甜饼__50. chili n.__辣椒__51. pork n.__猪肉_52.pearl n.__珍珠_53. vitamin n.__维生素__54.dairy n.__乳制品，牛奶厂___ adj.__奶制的，乳品的__55.moderation n.__适度，合理__四、重点短语1.在…….之前的__prior to _2.由…..组成__consist of __3.大量的quantities of =a quantity of4.不管，不顾regardless of5.参考，查阅，提到，谈及refer to6.与…..有关in association with7.另一方面on the other hand8.至少at a minimum = a minimum of9.谋生make a living 10.处理，对付deal with11.关上turn/switch off12.出发，动身，引起，使爆炸set off13.与…..不同be different from14.此外in addition15.换句话说in other words16.slice ……off 切下17.hand in hand 携手并进18.contribute to有助于，促成，捐献19.make up组成，构成；编造；和解20.cut down on缩减，减少21.cut out停止，删除，戒掉22.as with 正如，与......一样23.end up结束24.start with以......开始，从......开始25.on the right track走上正轨26.keep track of追踪，跟踪27.consist of 由......组成。
Unit 31.There are aways people who dream to make a(n) from gambling(赌博),even though they know the chances are slim(苗条的、微小的).总有一些人梦想着从赌博中发财，即使他们知道机会很渺茫。
young because he couldn’t work out easy mathematical(数学的) calculations(计算)在发明家托马斯·爱迪生小的时候，被视为是一个傻孩子，因为他连简单的数学运算都算不出来。
犯罪嫌疑人) for about two days before they finally caught him in a deserted warehouse(仓库).警察追赶抢劫嫌疑犯大约两天之后，他们终于在一个废弃的仓库里抓到了他。
运动、活动) to raise money for the girl who has caught a rare(rare) disease(疾病).地方报社开展了一个为患有稀有疾病的女孩捐款活动。
5.Rock climbing is attractive(有吸引力的) especially to young peoplebecause it is always with hardship(困难) and adventure.攀岩是具有吸引力的，尤其是对年轻人来说，因为它总是伴随着困难和冒险。
6.The face value(面值) of the bill(账单、钞票(内在的) value is nothing but that of a piece of paper.该票据面值为一美元，但其内在价值只是一张纸。
7.Having won several championships in international matches recently,hecurrently(目前among the world’s professional tennis players.在最近的国际比赛中赢得了几次冠军，他目前在世界上职业网球选手中排名第二。
Unit3 Special vocabulary TranslationCandyLead-inName,PlaceIdiomsbuzzword PracticeStep1 Lead-in•Tell a story about Taranslation.The whole sky sparkled gay twinkling stars, and the Milky Way is as distinctas though it had been washed andrubbed with snow for holidays.•天上闪耀着光明的亮星，牛奶路很白，好像是礼拜日用雪擦洗过的一样。
•鲁迅：可怜织女星，化为马郎妇。
乌鹊疑不来，迢迢牛奶路。
Translation•Q：人名地名属于专有名词，译不规范容易造成读者的困惑。
•A：翻译时常采用音译法、意译法、音译合译法等。
Translation•音译法是人名地名翻译的基本原则。
E.G•Mark Twain•William Shakespeare•George . W. Bush•Sydney•Edinburgh•MexicoTranslation•注：有些人名和地名也习惯意译。
E.GYellow RiverWest PointGreen IslandIcelandHarfly HumanStep3 Idioms Translation英语习语是一个比较宽广的范畴，是人类从劳动中创造出来并经过长时间的使用而提炼出来的固定短语或短句，和民族的历史背景、经济生活、地理环境、风俗习惯、心理状态紧密相关，把丰富的思想内涵精辟地表达出来，言简意赅、寓意深远、富有哲理、富于含蓄、意在言外。
英语习语从广义上讲主要包括：短语、熟语、成语、俗语、谚语、警句、格言、俚语、粗语。
Step3 Idioms Translation•习语俚语的特性：•1）形式不规范，具有随意性；•2）涵义夸张、滑稽、不正式；•3）时髦流行带有地域性•翻译不能望文生义，按图索骥，既不能从字面意思理解又不能刻板僵化，需要灵活处理。
第三章词语英译1.这姑娘是漂亮。
This girl is really beautiful.2.此人是书就读。
This man reads every book he can reach .3.是可忍，孰不可忍？If this can be tolerated, what cannot?4.是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present5.知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。
When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .6.南京的风俗：但凡新媳妇进门，三日就要到厨下收拾一样菜，发个利市。
这菜一定是鱼，取“富贵有余”的意思。
The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish, which stands for fortune.7.去设埋伏我们都没有信心，想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了，今天去也是瞎子点灯白费蜡。
We had no confidence in today's ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night. It seemed as useless as a blind manlighting a candle.8.……只因生得妩媚风流，满学中都送了两个外号：一个叫“香怜”，一个叫“玉爱”。
... Because of their glamorous looks and affected manners, were universally known by the nickname of Darling and Precious.9.克明：觉新哪，你听着！Keming: Juexin, I want you to pay particular attention to this.10.客人一走进大门，扑鼻的是一阵幽香，入目的是绿蜡似的叶子和红霞或白雪似的花朵……As guests entered the gate, they would first smell a sweet fragrance and then see the waxy green leaves and the rainbow red or snow-white flowers.11.……三十六家花酒店，七十二座管弦楼。
U3 M2 V ocabulary explanation (Pages69-70)1. cursen. (1). 诅咒（祈天惩罚，伤害或毁灭某物或某人）the curse of the mummy. (P42) 木乃伊的诅咒。
call down ~s (from Heaven) upon sb.祈天降祸于某人lay a curse upon sb.诅咒人(2)祸因，祸源Mosquitoes(蚊子) used to be a curse in this part of the country..v. 诅咒,咒骂The rider cursed his unwilling horse.Curse it/you!该死2. explorer探索者; 勘探者; 探测器n. Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. (P42) 霍华德·卡特是世界闻名的大探险家之一。
explorev. (1). 勘察，探测They were exploring the Amazon jungle.(2). 探索，探究We must explore all the possibilities for the solution of the problem. (喻)Explorer space exploration3.braveadj. 勇敢的a brave firemanHe was brave and adventurous. (P42) 他勇敢无畏，富有冒险精神n. bravery4.adventurousadj. 爱冒险的; 充满危险的adventuren.冒险; 惊险活动; 奇遇; 冒险性(经历)adventures in the mountains 山中的奇遇All the children listened to his adventures with eager attention.vt. 以...冒险; 胆敢; 敢于; 大胆提出或进行adventure an opinion大胆提出意见No man would adventure it.5.discovervt. 发现（存在而未为人所知之物）；发觉（新奇或意外之物）During his lifetime, he discovered many amazing things.Columbus discovered America in 1492.We have discovered that he is quite untrustworthy.discoveryn. (1). 发现；发觉a new discovery in medical science 医学科学的新发现The discovery of oil on their land made the people rapidly rich.(2). 被发现的人，被发现的事物6.brightadj. (1). 闪光的；明亮的；发光的What a bright sunny day!(2). 鲜艳的bright red(3). 闻名的，辉煌的It’s one of the brightest moments in our country’s history.(4). 生气勃勃的；愉快的bright eyes 流露喜悦的眼神The garden is bright with flowers.(5). 聪明的；伶俐的What a bright child/idea!He was bright and curious about the world outside his hometown.(p42) 他天资聪颖，对家乡外部的世界充满了好奇心。
第三章词汇翻译
第二节省略法
一、冠词的省略
1.In a word China is a developing country. It needs time to have further development.
ser can be used as a surgical instrument since the beam can cut through tissue in an instant.
二、代词的省略
1.Friction always manifests itself as a force that opposes motion.
2.We should concern ourselves here only with the sentence patterns.
3.It is better to do well than to say well.
三、介词的省略
1.The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.
2.Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried
by an electric current.
3.The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of
mind.
4.She said, with perfect truth, that “it must be delightful to have a brother,” and easily got the
pity of tender-hearted Amelia, for being alone in the world, an orphan without friends and kindred.
四、连词的省略
1.Some bacteria are extremely harmful but others are helpful.
2.Because heat does not take up any room and it does not weigh anything, it is not a material.
3.The sun is bright, and the sky is clear.
五、动词的省略
1.If you are going to be unhappy, it is easier to be unhappy in comfort.
2.That is why he became irritable.
3.He was smooth and agreeable to meet.
第三节增词法
一、英语抽象名词的翻译
1.He was still reluctant to talk substance.
2.Many changes take place during the transformation.
3.Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall.
二、将具体形象的词译成该形象所具有的属性和特征，这是一种引申，需增词
1.It was a Godsend to him.
2.If you dare to play the fox with me, I’ll shoot you at once.
三、增添“概括”性的词
1.He had slept there before, in July and again in October.
2.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.
3.The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.
四、英文中为避免重复而省略之词，汉译时需补上，作必要的重复
1.I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.
五、汉译文根据原文意思增加一些必要的解释性文字
1.And he launched into a speech, eloquently advocating his university of the future.
2.Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for, “like Aaron’s rod, with
flowers”.
一、增补语义上、修辞上需要的词
A. 名词、动名词前增补动词
1.We often go to the school-run factory for labor.
2.Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its mastery.
B. 增补附加性词
1.It is enough to shatter complacency.
2.From the evaporation of water people know that liquid can turn into gases under certain
conditions.
C. 增补概括性的词
1.Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
2.This report summed up the achievements in technology and education.
D. 增补联系性的词
1.Fro sterilizing foods in cans, entirely different heaters are used.
2.Making experiments, we should carefully put down the results.
E. 增补解释性的词
1.In line with latest trends in fashion, a few dress designers have been sacrificing elegance to
audacity.
2.While in your country, I’ll be hoping to meet all interested parties for detailed discussion
concerning nylon.
3.Have you got a “Ford” by yourself.
F. 增补量词
1.Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a piece of glass, a metal spoon, a coin, a piece of
paper, a pin, a plastic comb, a key, a pencil, a tin lid and a rubber eraser.
2.On April 24th 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made earth satellite.
G. 增补表示复数含义的词
1.But that the old workers helped us, we should have failed.
2.The moving parts of a machine are often oiled so that friction may be greatly reduced.
3.Not many yards below the surface, the pressure on each square foot is a matter of tons.。
