春季高考英语阅读专题复习
学习目标：
1、了解《考纲》对阅读理解能力的要求及命题规律和题型结构。
2、掌握细节性、理解性、推理性、概括性阅读的方法及专题训练。
阅读理解新分析：
是英语考试中必不可少的测试题目，分值高，题量大。《考纲》主要考查学生对不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力，及对材料中信息的捕获加工能力。
阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。
因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。
一般来说，中职英语阅读理解题，大致可分为两类语篇：
（一）应用语篇
包括说明书、广告、价格表等条目性应用文，其特点是类别多、杂。
（二）叙事性文字语篇（有一定的故事情节或线索可循）
阅读理解四种题型：
一、主旨大意型
1、主旨大意题常见的提问方式：
（1）What’s the topic (主题) of the article?（2）What is the passage mainly about?
(3) What’s the main idea of the passage?
(4) What can we learn from the passage?
(5) What is the best title of the passage?
(6) Paragraph 1 tells us that……
做题要领：
1、干扰项：可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。
2、干扰项：可能属从文中某些（不完全的）事实或细节片面推出
的错误结论。
3、干扰项：可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
正确答案是根据文章意思的全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
二、事实细节型
1、解题原则：忠实于原文、上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中的某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
2、细节题答题技巧：
（1）注意5个W（Who. Where. What. When. Why）和1个H （How）
（2）注意起关键作用的连词、副词等如：first, next, then, later, finally, always, when等
It is important to take notes while reading!
1、常见以下几种命题方式：
（2）Which of the following statement is true?
（3）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（4）The author( or the passage) states that___________（5）According to the passage, when( where, who, what, how, why, which,etc.)________?
三、词义猜测型
1、具体方法
（1）同义法：常在词或短语之间有并列连词 And 或 Or, 它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推
测。
（2）反义法：如 hot and cold， give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词之间都起着互为
线索的作用。
（3）释义法：对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
（4）情景推断法、代词替代法等
2、做题要领
（1）文中找线索或信息词。
（2）根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意。
（3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中的确切意思。
四、推理判断型
1、考查类型：
（1）推理判断题：高考的重头戏，10个题目中有3-4个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。
（2）透过现象看本质：领悟作者的思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。
（3）以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生的观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
2、做题要领：
既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法和观点。
1、常见的命题方式
（1）The passage implies (暗示)that ___________.
（2）We can conclude （得出结论）from the passage that _______________.
（3）Which of the following can be inferred（推论）?（4）What is the tone （语气）of the author?
（5）What is the purpose （目的）of the passage?
（6）The passage is intended to （意思指）______________.（7）Where would this passage most probably appear?
阅读理解的解题步骤
一、1.先看文章，再看试题
2.先读问题，弄清考查要点
二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌
三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词
四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案
阅读四忌
一忌不带问题
二忌主观印象
三忌草率定案
四忌忽略时间
小希老师给同学们总结了2018高考英语真题所有阅读理解的A篇，适合高中各个年级的学生练习及备考使用。 【全国Ⅰ卷】 A Washington, . Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, . Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, . Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for . newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, . in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧 一、主旨大意题的命题形式 主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力。这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有： (1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______. (2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is ______. (3)The text is mainly about ______. (4)The passage mainly centers on ______. (5)The passage mainly tells about ______. (6)What is the subject discussed in the text? (7)What is the main idea of this passage? (8)What is the passage mainly about? (9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? (10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage? (13)What would be the best title for the text? (14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage? (15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______ (16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______. (17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______. (18)What is the author's main purpose? (19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage? (20)The writer wrote the story in order to______. (21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article? 二、寻找主题句的方法 正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。一般来说，一篇文章常常会围绕着一个中心思想或一个主要话题展开，而这个话题又常常通过一个能比较全面地覆盖或概括文章意思的句子，即所谓的“主题句”来体现。那么，主题句通常在哪里呢？(1)主题句在文首；(2)主题句在文中；(3)主题句在文末；(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。 1. 主题句在文首 这类文章写法上的特点是：文章的第一句起着点题的作用，概括了文章的主要内容或信息，下文接着对主题句所涉及的话题进行具体的阐述。如：(全国高考题) A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students —18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)on Tuesday evening. The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
Step 1 Lead in (3 min) Greeting. T: Hello, everyone! Do you have an idol? Ss: yes. T: who is he or she? is she Yangmi ? is she Zhao Liying ? is he Wu Yifan ?(while speaking ,i will show those persons’ pic tures mentioned) Ss: he/she is .... T: What qualities of your idol attract you most? (I will pick up three students to answer this question) T: do you want to know who my idol is? Ss:no T:have a guess .(then I will show them a picture of Jackie Chan’s profile ) Ss: he is Jackie chan. T: Ok, today, I will introduce my idol —Jackie Chan to all of you. First let us enjoy a video about Jackie Chan’s life. Then I will play a video about Jackie chan. Arouse students' interest and lead in the topic for this lesson. Step 2. Pre-reading (8 min) Task1. A small quiz (individual work,3 min) T : let’s check the following sentence using true or false .and I will pick up some students to say his or her answer and tell me why it is wrong or correct. Ss:ok. 1. Get Ss to know something about Jackie Chan. 2. Serve as a warm-up for the following tasks.
2015年高考英语全国卷 第二部分阅读理解 第一节 A 【语篇导读】这是一篇广告文体类阅读材料。介绍了四则伦敦运河博物馆每月（八月除外）的第一个星期四的报告主题。 21. C 事实细节题。由第一则报告的首句可知，Chris Lewis所做的报告“运河先驱”中，James Brindley被公认为早期最重要的运河设计师。由此可知C项正确。 22. D 事实细节题。由题干中的“February”可将答案锁定在“February 6th”的话题“An Update on the Costwold Canals”中。显然答案为D。 23. A 事实细节题。根据题干中的关键词islands, the Thames可知答案在“March 6th”中。Miranda Vickers 在其报告“Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands”中对泰晤士河中的岛屿做了一个全景的回顾。因此答案为A。 B 【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。“我”生活在美国东北部的纽约，那儿的冬季实在让人难以忍受。一次去佛罗里达的Sarasota度周末的机会让“我”深切感受到了宜人的气候是多么令人惬意。尤其是那又大、又软又圆的西红柿。 24. B．推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables”所提供的信息尤其是dulled一词的意义可以推测纽约寒冷的冬季是令人厌烦的。故答案为B。 25. D。事实细节题。根据首段末句可知，让作者最感惬意的事情是逛一逛早七点的农贸市场。因此D项为最佳答案。 26. B。推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，作者之所以不再购买冬季的西红柿是因为不论商店里的西红柿看起来多么诱人，买到家里就会变得又干又硬，索然无味。故选B项。 27. C。推理判断题。由最后一段所述可知，Brown’s Grove Farm是新开业的一家餐馆。Jack Dusty是供货方之一。再结合“I was planning to have dinner that very night.”一句可知作者打算去那儿用餐。因此答案为C。 C 【语篇导读】这篇短文主要介绍了现代著名艺术家Dali的作品风格及the world of Dali中的展品情况。28. B。推理判断题。短文首段介绍了艺术家Dali的作品。由“…with an exhibition bring together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.”一句可知，Dali的作品众多，是一个多产画家。故答案为B。29. A。推理判断题。根据第一段“…the visitors will find the best pieces, most importantly the Persistence of Memory”可知，该作品在Dali的最佳作品中是最重要的，由此可以推断它是Dali的杰作之一。 30. D。事实细节题。根据第二段末句中的“…follo ws a path of time and subject.”可知，Dali的作品是按时间和主题进行布展的。答案选D。 31. A。词义猜测题。由最后一段可知，展出的作品主要来源于两个途径：一是与马德里的一家艺术馆密切合作；一是靠像Salvador Dali Museum这样的机构的捐赠。联系全文大意及前一分句不难推测其它机构捐赠的是艺术作品。因此答案为A。 D 【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。作者从La Chope咖啡馆的经营特色谈起，介绍了巴黎的一些主题咖啡馆经营理念的变化及其大受欢迎的原因。 32. D。推理判断题。根据短文第一段第二句“”可知，顾客在这里可以学着与他们内心的真实情感取得联系。亦即将自己的真实情感表达出来。故答案为D。 33. A。推理判断题。由第二段“Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle…”一句可知，在过去的几年里，巴黎咖啡馆的生意因法国人生活方式的变化而受损。由此可以推断，人们不再那么频繁地光顾咖啡馆了。因此答案为A。
高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案含解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Average humans can consume 15 or more drinks in plastic bottles a month. If you were born after 1978, and live until 80 years old, you will leave behind a minimum of 14,400 plastic bottles on this planet. These bottles take hundreds of years to break down into tiny pieces of plastic, never to completely disappear. Most of the waste is consumed by fish and birds, which has shortened their lifetime greatly. The Plastic Bottle Village is just a great idea that might finally save us from being buried in plastic. It's a community in Panama that is going to be made of used bottles. The design process begins with building steel frames, which are then filled with these bottles. Once this step is complete, and electrical and plumbing (管道装置) lines are put inside, the plastic walls are covered by concrete—both inside and outside. So no one will actually be able to tell that the walls are made of plastic. Besides, the material will keep the house 17°C cooler than the outside, which is the biggest benefit to people living inside. The village is the brainchild (主意) of Robert Bezeau with the intention of setting up several environmental projects. Having started a recycling program four years ago, during which a number of plastic bottles were collected, he started to think of how they could be put to use. Soon enough, he decided to use them to build houses, and came up with a basic idea for the construction process. The project hopes to make people conscious of the waste that these bottles create so that they can do more to protect the environment. The village will also create an education center that will teach individuals from the world how to reuse plastic bottles as construction materials for shelter. Recycled bottles could neutralize the negative effect of your passage on this planet, and move closer to leaving only your “footprints”. （1）What does Paragraph 1 intend to tell us? A. The reason for buying fewer drinks. B. The difficult situation of wildlife. C. The amount of plastic waste. D. The seriousness of plastic pollution. （2）What is the biggest benefit to people living in the Plastic Bottle Village? A. The house will be much cooler than normal ones. B. The material of construction will be reduced a lot. C. The newly-made house can save a lot of electricity. D. The waste of the house can be consumed by fish and birds. （3）Which of the following words can best describe Robert? A. Creative. B. Courageous. C. Enthusiastic. D. Sensitive.（4）The main purpose of Robert's projects is to A. provide shelter for locals B. reuse all deserted plastic bottles C. popularize the use of plastic bottles D. raise people's environmental awareness 【答案】（1）D （2）A
2016年高考英语阅读理解指导三——主旨大意题 Don’t give up your whole garden just for an attractive rose. 一、主旨大意题型特点： 主旨大意题要求在理解全文后________________，____________或者是_________，考查考生的归纳总结能力。这类题需要______________，抓住文章的______和_____，同时兼顾________以及文章出现的________。此类试题通常以概括中心、揭示主题、选择标题等形式出现。 查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中__________________的信息，这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的______。做主旨大意题时，应采用_______的方式，跳过生僻词，抓住________和_______，快而准地把握文章主旨。 【例1】Choose the most general word. A. Chemist B. Physicist C. Scientist D. Biologist 【例2】Choose the most general sentence. A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D. There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. 【例3】Choose the title that best expresses the idea of the paragraph. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A. Economic Principle B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 二、主旨大意题题干形式： 1. ________________________ (main idea): (1) The main idea of the passage is… (2) The passage is mainly about… (3) The passage is mainly discussed… (4) Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? (5) What is the passage mainly about? 2. _________________________ (title): (6) The best title for the passage might be… (7) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 三、主题句的特点： 1. 主题句与文体体裁之间的关系：议论文和说明文一般有主题句，且一般位于______； 而记叙文一般没有主题句； 2. 段落主题句一般位于_____________； 3. 主题句所表达的意思具有_______和________；句子________单, 一般不会采用长句 或结构复杂的句子； 4. 文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步________________________。
2017届全国高考英语阅读理解汇编（1）英语试卷SYS201708100601 一、阅读理解 详细信息 1. 难度：中等 阅读理解。 Many of us still tend to think that emotions can affect reasonable thought，and sometimes land us in trouble. But in recent years psychologists have taken quite a different view. Keith Oatley，Professor of Psychology at Glasgow University，is involved in the research which shows the fundamental importance of emotions. He believes we are very ambivalent about them：we think of our emotions as being unreasonable，but we also consider them as essential to being human.For example，Mr Spock，a character in the television series Star Trek，is superintelligent and he has no emotions at all.However，he is never made captain of the spaceship.Maybe，this is because Mr Spock is not the kind of person you can share your feelings with—a person who shows his emotions. As Professor Oatley points out，our emotions have very important functions，for example，fear.If we cross the road and a car approaches，we usually stop moving or step back.We stop what we are doing，check what we have done and pay very careful attention to the environment.The emotion of fear makes us take this small series of actions which，on average，help preserve our safety. On the other hand，if things are going well and small problems come up，we find we can solve them with the resources we have to hand.As a consequence，we tend to feel happy and usually continue doing the job. Anger is an emotion that tends to occur when someone is preventing us from doing something.Then this small “kit” of reactions enables us to prepare ourselves to be quite aggressive to that person，or to try harder，and so on. Professor Oatley believes emotions generally occur at these important moments in actions.With fear and anger our emotions make us decide to start doing something else，while with happiness they “suggest” we continue what we are already doing. 1.What’s Keith Oatley’s opinion about emotions? A．They affect reasonable thought. B．They get us into trouble. C．They are helpful to us. D．They are reasonable. 2.What does the underlined part “we are very ambivalent about them”in Paragraph 2 mean? A．We have contradictory feelings towards emotions. B．We have similar ideas of emotions.
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
【英语】高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Google's new camera, called Clips, is a smart device. It comes with a case that has a clip (夹子), but it's not designed to be worn on your clothing. Most interestingly, it uses artificial intelligence to take photography out of your hands and captures moments entirely on its own! What sets this roughly 2-inch by 2-inch camera, with a three-hour battery life and Gorilla Glass for toughness apart is that it is specially intended for candid moments, like when a child does something cute that may happen too quickly for you to pull out your smartphone. The Clips device, it uses machine learning algorithms (计算程序) to help capture scenes. Those algorithms include face recognition. "Once it learns that there's a face you see frequently, it'll try to get nice photos of those faces," said Juston Payne, the device's product manager. And they also want it to recognize facial expressions, which involved "training it to know what happiness looks like". The Google team also trained it to recognize what not to shoot—like when a child's hand is over the lens, or if it is tossed in a dark purse. The only way to see the images is by connecting the camera with your phone, as it has no screen for viewing or editing. Concerned it could seem strange? Yes, Payne admitted, but he said they addressed that by making it obvious what it is. A green light on the front signals that it is on. Besides, unlike a camera meant to monitor your home, it is not connected to the Internet. "This product is only possible because of the way that silicon(硅) has advanced," Payne said that now they could squeeze the technology down into a device this size. Going forward, we're likely to get more assistance from the artificial intelligence packed into our apps and gadgets.（1）What is the most outstanding feature of Clips? A.It enables easy Internet access. B.It is equipped with tough glass. C.It can be worn on your clothing. D.It allows of hands-free photography. （2）What does the underlined word "candid" in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Awkward. B.Brief. C.Touching. D.Unforgettable. （3）What makes Clips a reality according to Juston Payne? A.The advance in technology. B.The popularity of the Internet. C.The screen for viewing and editing. D.The rise of the smartphone industry. （4）What does the text mainly talk about? A.New gadgets in the age of apps.