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初中英语完形填空5大解题技巧

初中英语完形填空5大解题技巧
初中英语完形填空5大解题技巧

初中英语完形填空5大解题技巧

1

完形填空的做题误区

很多同学说,他们做完形填空时,往往采用“翻译法和代入法”,即做题时翻译文章内容,感觉哪个合适选哪个,看看划横线处有没有一些固定搭配,然后作选择或者填空。

其实这样做是很危险的:

①在实际考试中,翻译很容易受母语影响,进行错误选择;

②并不是所谓固定搭配一定是正确选项,完形填空是考查单词在语境中的运用。如果这个搭配或短语是不符合语篇、段落逻辑的,即便是固定说法,也是不合适的,在阅卷的时候这样的答案一定是错误的。

2

考查重点及解题思路

纵观这几年中考真题、一模、二模试卷,以及一些学校的月考、期中、期末试卷发现,完形填空重点考查单词,短语在句子、段落、篇章中的含义,而并非单词本身的“认知”含义。

这就为什么一些同学其实单词量并不缺乏,但完形却得分率不高的原因。

完形填空非常强调逻辑对应,请大家注意以下几点:

1.首句重点读

首句很多情况是topic sentence(主题句),告诉你文章的背景和主旨。首句一般不设空,如果首句设空,请重点读后面的例子,例子里面会提供线索。现在很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。

【例】These days, it is ______ for children as young as Sammy to be so good at computers. Many Children use computers at home or at school and some schools even have their own websites.

A. hard

B. unusual

C. common

D. dangerous

【解析】如果去分析这四个词用法,那就和这道考题背道而驰了,首句设空,我们重点读后面的那句话“很多孩子在家里,学校使用电脑,甚至一些学校有他们自己的网站”,说明对电脑的使用是持肯定意见的,选项C为正确答案, A、B 、D 都为否定意见,故不选。

2.重点关注例子与例子之间的关系

几个例子联合起来都是去证明本文中心的,但例子与例子有时候会有正反对比或者是平行关系。

【例】If the test taker answers _____, the next item will be more difficult. If he or she answers incorrectly, the next question will be easier.

A. briefly

B. smartly

C. correctly

D. thoroughly

【解析】“more difficult”与后面“easier”形成对比,“incorrectly” 对应的显然是”correctly”。

3.选词请重视“具体表达”、“最佳适用原则”

我曾经给学生举过这个例子,如果这样出题。

这位男士很_____,每次和女生一起出去逛街的时候都会为女生拉开商场大门,直到身边所有的女生都通过。假设选项如下:

A.good,

B.nice,

C.gentle,

D.handsome

你会如何选?

很多学生会选good,觉得good是万能用词,什么都可以说好,但这里错了,完形填空一定要基于语境,选择一个最适合,最具体,不是最宽泛的词语。因而C.gentle(很绅士)便是最佳答案。

4.选词之场景原则

【例】Sammy Liu, a six-year-old boy from Kowloon, has become a hero recently . One day he used the family's_____ to stop a robbery.

A. radio

B. computer

C. recorder

D. telephone

【解析】后文都在说关于电脑使用,这里选择A、C、D显然不合适,文章里根本就没有提到收音机,录音机和电话,虽然电话也能用来报警,但是一定要基于原文的场景。

5.平行原则的运用

完形填空文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开,每个段落有的时候发展模式都是差不多的,前面提到如果首句设空,除了关注到后面的例子,还不妨可以关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的如果某段末句设空不妨也可以关注一下下面一段的末句。

例如有一篇文章是讨论积极态度给生活、工作、健康带来的好处,其中第二段末句这么写:With an active _______, you can overcome all the difficulties. 需要我们填空。在第三段末句出现了with an active attitude, you can be healthy. 如果学生在阅读的时候关注到这句,使用了“平行原则”,自然就能填出attitude 。

3

解题步骤

做题前:

先花1~2分钟时间通读全文,大致了解文章的体裁(记叙文、议论文或其他)、主要文章内容、几个段落及每段的首尾句、是否有小标题和项目符号(这个往往是该段的主题句)。

做题时:

逐个击破,做到通读与猜测并行。对含义明显的词汇,固定搭配或习惯用法,常用句式等纯知识问题,可以边读边随时猜测出答案。

针对在通读过程中未能轻易猜测出答案的题目,利用上下文中、字里行间的线索猜测出答案。

此外,首句和小标题要重点读,充分体会文章论证结构,灵活使用技巧(例子与例子的关系,例子与中心句的关系、平行关系等等),注意逻辑对应,指代清晰。

特别提醒大家,绝对避免见空填空(即看到一个空格,直接看选项进行选择),这样很危险,失误率会大大增加。

再次强调,完形填空强调单词、短语在语境(句子层面,段落层面,篇章层面)的应用。请填第一格词,务必读到第二格,很多时候两格之间出题者往往给了很多暗示和线索,依次类推。

做题后:

请重读全文1-2遍,确保单词在该句语法、语义、语境中都适用。

如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通或语法结构有问题,就说明选答不正确。对这样的填空应该认真推敲,进行调整。

可以从以下几个方面对所选答案进行核查:

(1)所选择的单词或短语是否符合本句内容,使上下文连贯和谐,与全文意义相协调;

(2)所选择的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配;

(3)所选择的单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求;

(4)所选词本身和附近的词有无特殊要求,如有些动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式。

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