2010年考研英语翻译原文：
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.
When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. 46. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them, the evideuce had to be comic in order to be valid.
It is painful to read these round about accounts today. we have no land ethic yet. 47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds. 48. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species”.
Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly .or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops. 49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.
To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. 50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats.
翻译参考译文：
46．Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
词汇理解：
jump to the rescue（赶来拯救），shaky（站不脚的），to the effect that(其大意是)；eat up(吃光)，fail to(没有)。
结构理解：that引导的是个同位语从句，if引导的是个条件状语从句。
参考译文：
科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。
47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of ecnomic advantage to us.
词汇理解：
at least(至少)，draw near(靠近，接近于) regardless of(尽管), presence or absence of （有还是没有）
结构分析：
that引导的是个宾语从句，as常接在动词后面，翻译成：作为。Regardless of引导的是个让步状语从句。
参考译文：
但我们至少几乎也承认这样一点：不管鸟类是否给我们带来经济上的好处，但鸟类作为生物其固有的权利应该继续存在。
48. Time was when biologists somewhat over-worked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.
词汇理解：Time was when(曾几何时)，overworked(过度使用，滥用)，game(猎物)，prey on(捕杀)。
结构分析：that引导的是个同位语从句，or这个并列连词，连接的是个并列的同位语从句。
参考译文：
曾几何时，生物学家们有点过度使用这个证据，即这些物种通过杀死体质弱者来保持猎物的正常繁衍或者这些生物捕杀的仅仅是毫无价值的物种。
49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.
词汇理解：
foestry林业；ecologically(从生态上来说)，advanced(先进的，发达的)，be recognized as(看作是)，native forest community(原始森林群落)，as such（类似地，这样地）within reason(合理范围内)。
结构分析：where引导的是个定语从句。
参考译文：
在欧洲，林业在生态方面更加发达，无商业价值的树种被看作是原生森林群落的一部分，而得到合理的保护。
50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.
词汇理解：
it指代前面出现the system of conservation，tend to(倾向于，易于), land community(土地共同体)，lack(缺乏)，commercial value(商业价值)，第二个that是个代词，指代前面的出现的many elements。
结构分析：
and是个并列连词，连接的是to do sth这样的动词不定式，但其后省略了与前面相同的动词tends，第一个that是个定语从句，修饰前面的名词community，but引导的是个表示转折的连词。
参考译文：
这一系统易于忽视，因而最终会消除掉这个土地共同体里的许多要素（成员），虽然这些要素（成员）缺乏商业价值，但这些要素（成员）对这个共同体的健康运行来说是必要的。
2010年考研英语翻译试题及答案 one basic weakness in a comservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the https://www.doczj.com/doc/9115957435.html,munity have no economic value.yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and ,if its stability depends on its inteyrity,they are entitled to continuance。 When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and,if we happen to love it .we invert excuses to give it economic importance.at the beginning of century songbiras were supposed to be disappearing。(46scinentists jumped to the resure with some distimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up of birds failed to control them)，the evideuce had to be conbmic in order to be valid。 It is pamful to read these round about accounts today .we have no land ethic yet ,(47but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us) A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals
考研英语翻译的基本方 法版 文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]
2013年考研英语翻译的基本方法（7月 版） 在解答考生关于考研英语真题学习中的具体问题时，我们发现，很多考生对英汉翻译所懂甚少。长期以来，一直有考生提问诸如“老师，这句英文中这个短语怎么没有翻译出来？”、“这半句汉语是从那里来的，英语中怎么没有对应语句？”以及“这个句子为什么翻译成汉语时，添加了否定词？”等等的问题。在很多时候，我们只能很笼统的告诉考生：基于英汉文化的差异，在翻译的过程中需要考虑语言模式的差异。在很多时候，英译汉必须按照汉语思维模式以及语境的需要，去增添或者省略一些信息、调整一下语序、转换表达方式。 为了让考生更深入地了解英译汉，我们选用一些真题中的句子，来做先关探讨。在此之前，我们先简单地阐述一下翻译的标准和过程。 翻译标准 在我国近现代，最有影响的翻译标准是严复的“信、达、雅”。就考研英语翻译而言，由于文章的题材大多是有关、经济、文化、教育、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容，并且文体以议论文为主，说明文为辅，结构严谨，逻辑性强，我们很难在“雅”这一标准上做文章。“达”，即通顺，译文必须通顺且符合汉语的语言习惯，这是一个重要的评分标准。“信”，即忠于原文，是翻译的最高标准。由于要翻译的5个句子
是从一篇文章中截取出来的，因而译文必须和上下文表达的意思一致。如果歪曲了原文的意思，那么该句的得分就会很低。 因此，翻译不能违背原文本身，这是考研翻译的最基本标准。 翻译过程 翻译一般分三个阶段：①找核心句；②译核心句；③译其修饰限定补充的句子。由于考研英语翻译大部分句型都是长难句，这一过程显得尤为重要。简而言之，考生首先要找出句子的主干，然后再处理其余的细枝末节，如修饰成分等。考试中，考生应该先通读全文，从大处着手，通篇把握文意，然后分析需要翻译的句子，找出主干，理分支，并翻译。最后是检查书写以及时态。 翻译策略 1．直译和意译 直译，既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译；意译，不受原文词语的限制，不拘泥于原文句子的结构，用不同于原文的表达方式，把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中，我们应遵循的方法是：尽量采用直译，不能直译才采用意译，必要时直译与意译相结合。 （1）能直译就直译
精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort
hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
2010年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译 但为君故 但为君故 整理组
Text 1 在过去的25年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。 对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。 从20世纪早期到二战以前，当时的英国报纸上的评论主题广泛，包罗万象，我们现在离此类报纸评论越来越远。当时的报纸极其便宜，人们把高雅时尚的文艺批评当作是所刊登报纸的一个亮点。在那些遥远的年代，各大报刊的评论家们都会不遗余力地详尽报道他们所报道的事情，这在当时被视为是理所当然的事情。他们的写作是件严肃的事情，人们相信：甚至那些博学低调不喜欢炫耀的评论家，比如George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Newman也知道自己在做什么（即他们的文章会高调出现在报纸上）。这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一项职业，并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们在新闻报纸写作中站稳脚跟”，Newman曾写道，“我倾向于把‘新闻写作’定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个‘轻蔑之词’” 不幸的是，这些批评家们现在实际上已被人们遗忘。从1917年开始一直到1975年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的Neville Cardus，如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。但是，在他的一生当中，他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家，所以1947年他的《自传》一书就成为热销读物。1967年他被授予爵士称号，也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。然而，他的书现在只有一本可以在市面上买到。他大量的音乐批评，除了专门研究音乐评论的人以外，已鲜为人知。 Cardus的评论有没有机会重新流行？前景似乎渺茫。在他去世之前，新闻业的品味早已改变很长时间了，而且他所擅长的措词华丽的维多利亚爱德华时期的散文风格对后现代的读者没有什么用处。何况，由业余爱好者作音乐批评的传统早已经成为昨日黄花了。 21. 第一段和第二段指出 A 文艺评论已经从大城市的报纸上消失了 B 英文报纸过去常刊登更多文艺评论方面的文章
2017考研英语一翻译真题解析 跨考教育英语教研室—王坤2017年考研英语一的翻译题型部分，整体来说难度不大，与2016年难度基本持平，考察的是英语语言发展情况，文章选自英国文化教育协会的一本书，叫《英语下一步》。英语一的考题是此书的序言部分。下面就是跨考英语教研室的英语老师对2017年考研英语一翻译真题的最新解析和参考译文。 (46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future. 参考译文：但是，尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象表明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的未来也许会慢慢衰退。 句子解析：本句很简单，主句是there be 结构，主句前是让步状语，signs 后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs进行进一步的补充说明。同位语从句中是主谓结构，the global predominance of the language 是主语，may fade 是谓语，within结构是时间状语。expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前面和它搭配的number，而选择“增加”的意思。 (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.
财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班 2010年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题答案 育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生: 历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视. 有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。 part I Vocabulary and Grammar 6. B 2. D 3. B meteorologist 气象学者 4. D 5. A 6. D except 后排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的,而except for 后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的。例如,试比较:All the buildings are excellent except this one./All the buildings are excellent except for their location. (all 和glimmer 不是同一类事物) 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. A The child reached out a hand towards the apple . Judy reached into her handbag and handed me a small printed leaflet...朱蒂把手伸进提包，拿出一张小的印刷传单给我。I reached across the table and squeezed his hand...我把手伸到桌子的另一边，捏住他的手。13. A 14. B 15. D 16. B apt, liable, prone: 三个词都含“易于的”意思, 它们只能作表语, 不能作定语, 后面都接不定式。apt 是常用词, 尤其是用在口语中, 表示“有...倾向的”、“易于...的”, 如: He is apt to get excited over trifles.他容易为小事而激动。liable 指“易于产生某种(对主语)不利的后果”, 因此常用于警告, 如:Y ou're liable to get cold if you are not careful.你若不当心就有可能感冒。prone 侧重主语(往往是人, 极少用于物)的本性, 使之“倾向于”(某种弱点、错误或不良行为), 如:He was prone to anger.他易于发怒。17. D 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. D 苦恼的;难过的;哀伤的Someone who feels wretched feels very unhappy. 26. D insurance rate 保险费率 27. B excessively accommodating/excessively meticulous; fussy/They were exceedingly kind. 28. B 29. B 30. A PART II T ext A 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
2009年Part C There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46it may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive（原动机）. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition（性格）, it is not as easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young. 50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group. 46．尽管人们可以这样说，对任何一个社会制度价值的衡量就是其在增长和丰富经验方面所产生的影响，但是这种影响并不是其最初（原来）动机的一部分。 47. 这个制度的副产品仅仅是为人们所逐步注意到，而在实施这种制度时，认为这 种影响是一个制约因素则仍然更为缓慢。
2019年考研英语一翻译 Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals,and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end,that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was.I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper:the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were1.17times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.(46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which,when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press,generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. 我是在开始撰写有关医学期刊的每周专栏评论文章，并因此而从头到尾阅读相关科学论文之后，才意识到医学文献常常是多么糟糕。我逐渐摸索出了识别拙劣论文的种种方法：这类文章宣称，一周吃一公斤花椰菜的人晚年患恶性贫血的概率要增加1.17倍。（46）这种无稽之谈充斥各类医学期刊，某些广播公司和非专业出版物一宣传，便制造出健康恐慌，掀起短暂的所谓健康饮食狂澜。 Why is so much bad science published?A recent paper,titled“The Natural Selection of Bad Science”,published on the Royal Society’s open science website,attempts to answer this intriguing and important question.It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science,but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.What is important is not truth,but publication,which has become almost an end in itself.There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47)nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only10years ago.Never mind the quality,then,count the number. 为何如此多的劣质文章能得以发表呢？英国皇家学会的官方网站最近刊载了一篇题为《劣质科研论文的自然选择》的文章，试图回答这一让人百思不得其解的重要问题。文章称，问题不在于人们要写这种质量低下的文章，而是我们现今的职称晋升评价体系鼓励人们这样做。重要的不是文章是否探讨真理，而是文章能否发表，发表文章本身成了写文章的目的。一股文章高产之风业已形成：（47）现如今，要想申请一个研究岗位，就必须发表两倍于十年前申请同一岗位的文章。文章质量就不用操心了，数量才是重要的。 (48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency,for example,by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.This is the famed citation index,that is to say,the number of
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析 Section I Use of English 一、文章题材结构分析 本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。首段和第二段简 述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。第四段和第五段以墨西哥及 美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。 二、试题解析 1.【答案】D 【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选D 项 designated“命名，制定”，而不是C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。2．【答案】C 【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。本句的理解应该抓住alert、 meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家 会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。根据上述分析 可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting 的召开。而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting， meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。而A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑 用在此处都不合适。 3．【答案】B 【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia， 所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。A 项 digits“（阿拉伯）数字”，不表示数量，不能与rising 形成搭配；C 项amounts“数量”，常修饰不可数名词（此处指 的是cases，可数名词）；D 项sums“金额，款项”，不能用于表达“病例数”。B 项numbers “数量”，修饰可数名词（如： large numbers of cases 大量的病例），符合题意。 4．【答案】A 【解析】此处句子开头的“But”是重要的逻辑线索，与上文意思（第二段）形成对比反差。上文的关键性表达 如“heightened alert”、“emergency meeting”和“a sharp rise in cases”都在讲述猪流感的严重性，所以根据But 和in
考研英语翻译常用八大技巧 1.重译法(Repetition) 在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语，否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。重译法有如下三大作用：一是为了明确;二是为了强调;三是为了生动。 We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. 译文：___________________________________________________ 2.增译法(Amplification) 为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯，必须增加一些词语。 A new kind aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless -is attracting increasing attention. 译文：_______________________________________________ 3.减译法(Omission) 和其他一切事物一样，翻译也是有增必有减。理解了增译法之后也就明白了减译法，它是增译法的反面。 These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 译文：___________________________________________________ 4.词类转译法(Conversion)
2008年真题参考译文 达尔文在其自传中用极其谦逊的口气评价了自己的智力。他指出，想要简洁明了地表达自己观点的时候，他总会遇到很大的困难。46)他相信，正是这种困难或许能够扬长补短，以使他长时间专注地思考每一个句子；因此，使他能在推理和自己的观察中发现自己的缺点。他认为自己完全不具备杰出的赫胥黎那样的反应速度和理解力。47)他还断言，在深入理解冗长且完全抽象的一系列观点上，他的能力很有限。鉴于此，他曾深信自己在数学方面本来就不该获得成功。他还认为自己的记忆杂乱而模糊，从某一个方面来说，甚至是很糟糕，以至于他记住某个日子或者是一行诗歌的话，几天就能忘记。48)另一方面，批评家指责他尽管善于观察，但却不能推理，对此，他并不接受且认为毫无依据。他认为，这种批评是错误的，因为《物种起源》这本书从头到尾都是长篇大论，却说服了很多有才华的人。他承认，如果不具备推理能力，没有人能够写出这样的书。他愿意这样说自己：“我具有一定的发现能力和常识判断能力，正如每一个成功的律师和医生必须具备的一样；但是，我认为，我的水平不高。”49)他谦虚地补充道，或许他“和普通人比起来，更能够注意到那些别人容易忽略的细节，更能够对此加以仔细观察”。 在生命最后一年的写作中，他表示，在过去的二三十年中，他的思想在两三个方面发生了变化。到三十多岁的时候，诗歌带给他极大的快乐以前，绘画也能给他带来兴致，而音乐能给他无穷的乐趣。然而，他在1881年说：“这几年来，读一行诗，我就受不了。我也几乎快要丧失了自己对音乐和绘画的品味了。”50)达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至更可能损伤道德。 2009年真题参考译文 每个人在与别人共同生活中所受到的教育和有意识地对年轻人进行的教育，这两者有明显的区别。就前者而言，教育是偶然的；这种教育是自然的、重要的，但它并不是人类联合的确切的原因。46)可以说，要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看它对扩大和改进经验方面的影
2016年英语考研真题及答案 Par`t A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that” incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques . The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of
2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25 CBDBA 26-30 BDCAC 31-35 DCBAA 36-40 CDADB 41-45 BDACF Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], , [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician wi th no air of the formidable conductor about him。” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise。 然而，这次任命还是令人意外。原因之一在于吉乐伯特名声相对较小。就连那时主张雇用吉尔伯特的托姆西尼，也称吉尔伯特其貌不扬，缺乏一位令人敬仰的指挥大师的气质。作为对这个很牛的管弦乐队（牛的表现：到目前为止一直被牛人领导着）下一任指挥家的描述，这种描述跟虚浮的赞扬一样，确实会令至少一部分泰晤士报的读者觉得愕然不解（让他们觉得不可思议）。 For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问Avery Fisher Hall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
2010.02 College English 研英语翻译部分是一篇400字左右组成的文章，其中包含5个划线句子，要求30分钟内准确、完整、通顺地译为汉语。作为限时完成的测试科目，考研英语翻译难度较大，众多非英语专业考生普遍感到头疼。本文通过对近十几年来考研英译汉 真题的分析，根据其特点提出了一些解题技巧。 1.试题特点 考研英语翻译的短文内容大多涉及社会生活、政治、经济、文化等题材，且体裁基本上都是议论文。通过对最近十几年来考研英语翻译的真题分析，笔者从英汉两种语言对比的角度概括了三大特点。 1.1英语重形合句子结构严谨 英语句子以形连表意连，重句法结构，主语十分重要，理解时要抓住主谓关系，否则很难理解。尤其复合句，一定要看清主句和各分句的主谓结构。 1.2英语多被动结构 英语中被动句比汉语多，尤其是科技英语。从最近十几年的考研英译汉真题中笔者发现被动结构的出现频率相当高，2002年的 5个句子中全都出现了被动结构。 1.3英语多从句，句子长且结构复杂 英语通过一整套系统语法结构组合成句子，还可通过增加限制成分、修饰语以及补充成分使句子变长、变复杂。考研英语翻译题几乎都是长而复杂的句子。 2.考生在解题中的问题 笔者通过问卷调查分析，发现考生在解题时主要有以下几个方面的问题：英语基本功不扎实，理解不透；缺乏基本翻译常识，不 懂翻译技巧；中文表达能力不强，意思表达不清。在英译汉过程中，理解与表达互相联系，理解是表达的前提，表达是理解的结果。因此可将存在的问题归为理解、表达。 2.1理解问题 翻译的第一阶段是理解，理解是最关键、基本的环节。考研英语试题句子结构都比较复杂，且很多修饰短语穿插于主要结构之间，有时还有省略，代词指代关系模糊，加之文章所谈主题、语境、语篇等因素，都会对理解造成巨大障碍。但在以上所提的诸多因素中，句子结构应是主要矛盾。 2.2表达问题 表达是指在正确理解原文的基础上，准确而通顺地再现原文思想内容。表达过程实际上是语言加工过程。理解是表达的基础，表达是理解的结果。但是对原文的正确理解并不意味着一定会有正确的表达。译文既要符合原文所表达的思想，又要求符合汉语的行文规范，还要重视语境，注意逻辑，避免文理不通，搭配不当，使译文生涩难懂。 3.考研英语翻译技巧 下面引用历年真题，介绍一些基本的翻译技巧，使考生能看得懂，学得会，用得上。 3.1定语从句的翻译 考研英语翻译解析 浙江师范大学外国语学院 赖慧云 考 笤考试专栏笤 60