定语从句先行词特殊用法考查
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定语从句是高中英语教学的重点、难点，又是高考考查的热点。仔细研究近年各地高考试题，不难发现命题者往往借助于定语从句先行词的特殊用法，巧妙考查考生在特定语境中对定语从句关系词的选择。现举数例分析如下： 1.(2006山东)We’re just trying to reach a point______both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where
B. that
C. when
D. which 【解析】答案为A。本题的先行词是point，此处表示抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语，因此应填where。如果考生只知道point表示“点、分数”，不熟悉其可以表示抽象地点，极易造成误选。 2.(2005上海)If a shop has chairs_________women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where
【解析】本题的先行词并不是我们常见的表示地点的名词（如place, room, house, street, area），而是chairs。命题者正是通过这一点迷惑考生，使考生误选that或which。本题的句意是：“商店如果有
椅子，女士们可以让男士们坐在椅子上”，即women can park their men in/on the chairs,所选关系词在定语从句中应该作地点状语，故选D。 3.(2004湖南)I work in a business______almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 【解析】先行词是表地点的a business（商业机构，公司），从句中的谓语动词is waiting for后有宾语a great chance，所以需要填where或in which，故选C。 4.(2003上
海)I can think of many cases_______students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where 【解析】本题中的先行词是表示抽象地点的cases（实例，情况），定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where或in which，故选D。 5.(2003北京春季)We are living in an age______many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 【解析】本题的先行词是an age，表示“时代、年代”，从句是被动语态，句子
结构是完整的，故选D。 6.(2005广东)Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_________people were eaten by the tiger.
A. in which
B. by which
C. which
D. that 【解析】本题的先行词
是scenes，表示“场景”的意思。句意为“在那些场景中，人被老虎
吃掉”，即in the scenes people were eaten by the tiger，故选A。7.（2004全国II）There were dirty marks on her trousersshe had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 【解析】答案为A。本题的先行词是trousers，从句缺少状语，不缺主语和宾语，所以用关系副词引导定语从句。句意为“在她擦手的裤子上有污迹”。8.(2001上海)He has got himself
into a dangerous situationhe is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 【解析】答案为A。本题的先行词为situation，意为“境况”，从句中不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。句意为“他陷入飞机很可能失去控制的危险境地”。由此可见，考生做这类单选试题时应该注意的是：表面上备选项都有that或which，但实际上都要填where, when或介词 + which，这类先行词相对比较固定，常见的有point, case, age, business, occasion,situation, chair等。200803/6196.html
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定语从句中的特殊用法 定语从句是起定语作用的,修饰,说明名词,代词或句子内容的从句,被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句，并在句中担任成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。定语从句是高考常考内容之一，使用时要尤其注意以下十种特殊用法。 一、只用that不用which的情况 1、当先行词是all, little, few, much, something,everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如：Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。 I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。 2、当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。例如：The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。 That’sthe very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。 3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。 This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。 4、被修饰词为数词时。例如： Yesterday I caught two fishes and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.昨天我捉到了两条鱼，把它们放在一盆水里。你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。 5、主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：There’sstill a room that is free.还有一个空房间。
Where引导定语从句，先行词不一定都表示地点 1. We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly. A.which B.as C.why D.where 2.He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car. A.which B.as C.why D.where 两道题都选where ，但是case, situation 都不是地点，如何理解？ 在“先行词不是表示地点的名词”的前提下，如何判断是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题是一个高频考点。就是说，关系副词where所指代的先行词不只是表示地点的名词。 用Where引导定语从句，先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解，当where引导定语从句时，它的先行词就是表示地点的名词，但事实并不是我
们想象的那么简单。很多情况下，where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请看以下几个例句： 1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other. 请记住，最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。 点评：这里where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one，也就是relationship (此处one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地点名词，但此处却用了where来引导，where在这里表示“在这样的感情关系下”。从定语从句的结构来看，定语从句不缺主语和宾语，引导词where在从句中充当的是状语。 2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. 欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生：利益重大， 而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。
定语从句中只用that不用as的情况 【观察】 1. Is there anything（that） I can do for you in town? 2. All the books that have selected are useful ones. 3. The first thing（that） we should do is to work out the plan. 4. This is one of the most exciting table tennis games that I have ever seen. 5. The last place that we visited in the countryside was a farm. 6. They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. 7. Who that has seen the film doesn’t like it? 8. I’ll never forget the Sunday（that） my baby was born. 9. This is the way that my father did this work. 【归纳】限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况： 1. 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing （something 除外）, all, none, few, little, some 等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如：Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best museum that I have visited all my life. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。如： She is the only person that understands me. After the big fire, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如： Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in? 6. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如： Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 7. 当先行词是reason, way（方法）等词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如： She admired the way （that） they solved the questions. 【歌诀】从句前有“不定式”， 先行词前有only, when， some, any, the very在， 或有“高”、“序”去替代， 只用that来安排。 【小试】用适当的关系词完成下列句子。 1. The only book I want to read is missing.
where在定语从句中引导的先行词 一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注：有时point也可以是具体的地点： Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an a dverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position
定语从句三 (关系副词的用法) 一．关系副词引导的定语从句 1. when指______，在定语从句中做________。 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. 2. where指_______，在定语从句中做_________。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3. why指_______，在定语从句中做________。 、 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词＋关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city where/in which I was born. 二．关系代词和关系副词的区别 1. 取决于从句中的谓语动词。 不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系副词或介词+关系代词； 及物动词后接宾语，就要求用关系代词。 ~ 2. 要看他们在从句中充当什么成分而定，即先行词在从句中是作主语、宾语还是作状语而定。 (1) This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. (2) I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. (3) I’ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 【专项练习3】 用关系代词、关系副词或介词+关系代词填空 1. I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together in Paris. 2. I’ll remember the days __________ we stayed together in Paris. 3. This is the factory ____________ we visited last year. ) 4. This is the farm ____________ Lincoln once worked 5. The reason ___________ he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.
定语从句整理 定语从句分为限定性和非限定性 1.定语从句修饰先行词 2.关系代词：that, who, whom, whose, which, as 关系副词：where, when, why 3.关系词在句中的作用1. 引导定语从句 2. 代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分 4.关系代词在从句中做主语或者宾语； 5.关系副词做状语，相当于：介词+which。 when是时间状语，where是地点状语，一些特殊先行词后面也用where，比如 point, situation, part, condition,case 表示到了某种地步，某种程度也用where. * where和when都可以换成介词+which，但是不是所有介词+which都可以换成where或者when。 *不是所有介词都可以放在which或者whom前面，一些动词短语比如：look for, look after，take care of turn in, pay attention to, depend on, listen to就不能拆开使用，且介词后面不能用who或者that 关于关系词的省略 1)who, whom, that, which, 做宾语时可省。 2)that做表语可省 be动词后 3)that做宾补可省 4)*关系副词when在time, year, day后面可省，也可换成that,但不 普遍 5)*关系副词where在place, 和anywhere, somewhere这种--where 的后面时候可以省略，也可换成that但不普遍 6)*关系副词why放在the reason后面，即可换成 for which, that 又可省略，此较普遍。但放在a reason后面可省，但貌似不可以换成that 7)the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 关于that 可以用that的情况； that 在定语从句中的功能非常多 1.可以代词关系代词 who, whom, which, 既可以做主语又可以做宾语，做宾语时可以省略；限从中可以说遇到关系代词就可以换成that， whose除外，因为whose的名词所有格（。。。的）whose= of which 2.关系副词why修饰the reason可换成that,也可省。 Notice:见到the reason不一定非要选why, 做宾语时候选which/that, 也可省。 3.that在某些特殊情况下代替 where， when但不普遍。 4.the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 必须用that的情况 (做宾语依旧可省） 1.先行词是不定代词 everything, anything, nothing, 等不定代词 *不含something 2.先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等限定词修饰 3.先行词被序数词修饰 the first, the second..... 4.先行词被最高级修饰 the best, the most 5.先行词被the very, the most修饰时
定语从句用法总结 一.定义：定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中划线部分为定语从句。 二.分类：分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。 eg: is the school (that/which)we visited last year. （限制性定语从句） weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect. （非限制性定语从句） days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（间隔性定语从句） ] 注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。 三.构成：定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。 先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。 引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses, ( 引导词为：that，定语从句为：that are built close to each other 四．基本原则 定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词 is the book that I like it best .(it 与book指同一物，所以要去掉。) 五．定语从句中常见考点：
训练13定语从句先行词特殊的用法 定语从句是高中英语教学的重点、难点，又是高考考查的热点。仔细研究近年各地高考试题，不难发现命题者往往借助于定语从句先行词的特殊用法，巧妙考查考生在特定语境中对定语从句关系词的选择。现举数例分析如下： 1.(2006山东)We’re just trying to reach a point_______both sides wi ll sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which 【解析】答案为A。本题的先行词是point，此处表示抽象地点且在定语从句中作地点状语，因此应填where。如果考生只知道point表示“点、分数”，不熟悉其可以表示抽象地点，极易造成误选。 2.(2005上海)If a shop has chairs_______women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where 【解析】本题的先行词并不是我们常见的表示地点的名词（如place, room, house, street, area），而是chairs。命题者正是通过这一点迷惑考生，使考生误选that或which。本题的句意是：“商店如果有椅子，女士们可以让男士们坐在椅子上”，即women can park their men in/on the chairs,所选关系词在定语从句中应该作地点状语，故选D。 3.(2004湖南)I work in a business______almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 【解析】先行词是表地点的a business（商业机构，公司），从句中的谓语动词is waiting for后有宾语 a great chance，所以需要填where或in which，故选C。 4.(2003上海)I can think of many cases_______students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but c ouldn’t write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where 【解析】本题中的先行词是表示抽象地点的cases（实例，情况），定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where或in which，故选D。 5.(2003北京春季)We are living in an age_______many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 【解析】本题的先行词是an age，表示“时代、年代”，从句是被动语态，句子结构是完整的，故选D。 6.(2005广东)Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes________people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 【解析】本题的先行词是scenes，表示“场景”的意思。句意为“在那些场景中，人被老虎吃掉”，即in the scenes people were eaten by the tiger，故选A。 7.（2004全国II）There were dirty marks on her trousers_____she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 【解析】答案为A。本题的先行词是trousers，从句缺少状语，不缺主语和宾语，所以用关系副词引导定语从句。句意为“在她擦手的裤子上有污迹”。 8.(2001上海)He has got himself into a dangerous situation________he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 【解析】答案为A。本题的先行词为situation，意为“境况”，从句中不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。句意为“他陷入飞机很可能失去控制的危险境地”。 由此可见，考生做这类单选试题时应该注意的是：表面上备选项都有that或which，但实际上都要填
定语从句 一、限制性与非限制性定语从句 （一）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用。非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号割开。非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等。如： I want this man, who (=for he) can speak English. He gave up the plan, which (=though it) was a very good one. I met John, who (=and he) told me the news. I will take this one, which (=for it) seems to be the best one. He has two sons, who work in the same pany. (He has only two sons.) He has two sons who work in the same pany. (Perhaps he has more than two sons.) (二)非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法 1、关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略； 2、Who（主语），whom（宾语），which（主语、宾语）不能用that代替，也不能互相替 换； 3、介词+which/whom+从句结构中，介词不能移到从句的后面； 4、when, where可用于非限制性定语从句。 二、关系代词的用法 （一）关系代词的作用和分类 1、关系代词的作用有三个： （1）连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把它和主句连接起来； （2）替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词； （3）成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。 2、关系代词的用法分类 关系代词的用法与分类有三点依据： （1）根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性； （2）根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物； （3）根据它在从句中所充当的成分----主语、宾语、表语或者定语。 （二）关系代词that和which的用法 1、限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况： （1）当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, the one时。如：
一 先行词指物的特殊情况： 一．必须用that的情况： 1. 先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时， eg. This is the first job that I have taken up. This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read. 2. 先行词是不定代词,something somebody nothing anything 等或是all little much 时， eg. There is something that I want to tell you. 3. 先行词被all/ any/ every/ each/ few /little/ no/ some/ much/ only/ none/ both/ either/ neither 等修饰时， eg. I have read all the books that you lent me. 4. 先行词被the only, the last, the very…修饰时, eg. This is the only method we can use. 5. 先行词又有人又有物时， eg. They talked about things and persons that they know in the school. 6. 主句以who 或which开头时， eg. Who is the old man that speak to you just now ? 二、修饰物时只用which不用that的情况 1，引导非限制性定语从句时。例如： Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，这使得他很轻。2，当关系词前有介词时。例如： This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。 3，在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如： Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。 4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如： Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。5、先行词为that时。例如： The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。 三、修饰人时只用who不用that的情况 1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如： The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.我最羡慕的是学习勤奋，工作出色的人。
定语从句确定先行词 最简单的方法：看从句缺什么成分。 比如： 1.He is the policeman who caught the thief the other day. 去掉who后，从句缺主语：caught the thief the other day.所以who充当主语。 2.He is the policeman that I met yesterday. 去掉that后，从句缺宾语：I met yesterday.所以that充当宾语。 3.I like the book whose cover is dark green. 去掉whose后，从句缺定语：(Its) cover is dark green.故whose充当定语。 4.The temple where he used to live has been destroyed. 去掉where后，从句缺状语：He used to live (in the temple).故where充当状语。 如果仅仅是想区分主语或宾语，还有一种简便的方法，就是看关系词后是什么词性的词，后面是名词（主语）的话先行词就是宾语，是动词（谓语）的话先行词就是主语。 如： 1.Father is talking to the man that has stayed here for a long time. 句中that后是谓语动词，所以that就充当主语，可以用who来代替。
2.Father is talking to the man that we are afraid of. 句中that后是名词（主语），所以that就充当宾语，可以用whom来代替。
定语从句 思维导图 易考易错点总结 定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括： 1．考查如何正确选择关系词 解题思路：找出从句，确定被修饰词，即先行词→将先行词代入定语从句，判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:若作主语、宾语、表语、定语，则选择关系代词；若作状语则选关系副词。 2．考查whose的用法 whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋of which＝of which＋名词。如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 3．考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句 尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和that，what引导的主语从句的区别。4．考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。 如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. 5．考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。 如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students. 同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。 如：(1)He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(定语从句) (2)He loves his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him.(并列句)
先行词 先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的名词.在定语从句中充当一定的成分. 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。 我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词, 是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后, 先行词总是出现在定语从句之前, 而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前。 This is the book which I am looking for.中的book是先行词,which是引导词. He is Mr. Robertson who comes from England. 中的Mr. Robertson.是先行词,who是引导词. 简单的说，就是和修饰宾语的词或从句，词就是先行词 一、先行词与关系词 A．什么是先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词, 是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后, 先行词总是出现在定语从句之前, 而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前。 Don’t forget the book that I told you to bring. （the book为先行词）别忘了把我让你带的书带过来。 B．先行词与关系词的关系 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层：即主句层（第一层）, 定语从句层（第二层）。 C．先行词与关系词的种类 1. 常见的关系代词 2.常见的关系副词 二、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句 根据定语从句与先行词间关系的紧密程度, 我们将定语从句分为限定性 定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 A.限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句, 用来修饰和限定先行词, 与先行词间的关系非常密切, 它所修饰的先行词代表一个（些）或一类特写的人或物, 从句用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况, 如果去掉, 则意思含混不清。
定语从句之先行词 综合练习 一、句子翻译（本大题共4小题，共8.0分） 1.分析再翻译：看下面的句子，分别找出各句的先行词和关系代词，并指出引导词在 句子中作什么成分，然后将句子译成汉语 (1)This is the stranger who helped us yesterday. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________ (2)The boy whom the teacher often praises is their monitor. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________ (3)Fruit trees which once grew only in China can be found in many parts of the world. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________ (4)The gold medal which she won has been given to her old school. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________ (5)The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________ (6)The report that was handed in by Mr Turner was about the motor race. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________
which引导的定语从句的用法 WHICH可以引导定语从句，修饰表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。例如：HEWASREADINGABOOK， WHICHWASABOUTWAR.他正在读一本关于战争的书。（关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当主语。） HEWASREADINGABOOK，WHICHHEHADBOUGHTFROMLONDON.他正在读一本书，这本书是从伦敦买回来的。（关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当宾语。） WHICH引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法，即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句（这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解），WHICH仍在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：HESETFREETHEBIRDSHAPPILY， WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS.他开心地把鸟放了，这是对他成功的一种庆祝。 把非限定性定语从句“WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”的先行词视为主句中的“THEBIRDS”显然不符合整句的语境，被 “WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”所修饰的是整个主句，WHICH所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明，WHICH常可译为“这一点，这件事”。 ［考题1］ YOUCANFINDWHATEVERYOUNEEDATTHESHOPPINGCENTRE， ____ISALWAYSBUSYATTHEWEEKEND.（2006上海春） A.THAT B.WHERE C.WHAT D.WHICH ［答案］D
. 定语从句之先行词 综合练习 一、句子翻译（本大题共4小题，共8.0分） 1.分析再翻译：看下面的句子，分别找出各句的先行词和关系代词，并指出引导词在 句子中作什么成分，然后将句子译成汉语 (1)This is the stranger who helped us yesterday. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________ (2)The boy whom the teacher often praises is their monitor. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________ (3)Fruit trees which once grew only in China can be found in many parts of the world. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________ (4)The gold medal which she won has been given to her old school. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________ (5)The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________ (6)The report that was handed in by Mr Turner was about the motor race. 先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。 译文： ______________________________________________________________________