英语专业四级

英语专业四级考试流程英语专业四级考试一般是在上午进行的呢。

考试之前呀，咱们可得把东西都准备好。

准考证那是必须不能忘的，就像出门不能忘带钥匙一样重要。

还有身份证，这俩是咱们进考场的通行证呢。

再带上几支好用的黑色中性笔，铅笔也别落下，涂答题卡的时候就靠它啦。

橡皮当然也得有，万一写错了还能修改。

还有啊，有的考场可能允许带个小的收音机，用来听听力，要是有这个要求的话，提前把收音机调好，装上新电池，可别到时候关键时刻掉链子。

进入考场之后呢，监考老师会先检查咱们的证件，这个时候咱就大大方方地给老师看就好啦。

找到自己的座位坐下，就可以稍微调整下状态了。

这时候可能心里会有点小紧张，这都很正常，就当是要去参加一场超级有趣的挑战。

等考试正式开始啦。

先考的是听写部分。

这部分啊，老师会先把题目读一遍，让咱们有个大概的了解。

然后就开始正式听写了。

宝子们听的时候要特别集中注意力哦，一个词一个词地听清楚。

如果有一两个词没听清，别慌，先空着，接着往下听，说不定后面能想起来呢。

而且啊，写的时候字要写工整一点，不然自己后面检查的时候都看不清就麻烦咯。

听写结束之后就是听力理解部分啦。

这时候要是用收音机听的话，一定要确保信号好。

听的过程中可以边听边在试卷上简单地做些标记，比如听到关键的转折词啊，或者是能体现答案的一些内容，就赶紧划一下。

要是一下子没反应过来，也别纠结，先听后面的，说不定后面的内容能给你启发呢。

听力完了之后就到语言知识部分啦。

这部分主要是考语法和词汇那些知识。

有些题可能看起来很简单，但也别大意哦。

有些语法点可能很容易混淆，要仔细分辨。

做这部分题的时候呢，相信自己的第一感觉很重要，要是没有十足的把握，不要轻易改答案。

再然后就是完型填空啦。

完型填空可不仅仅是考单词的意思，还考对文章的理解和一些固定搭配呢。

先快速浏览一下文章的大致内容，对文章有个整体的感觉，然后再开始一个空一个空地填。

要是遇到不确定的，就根据上下文的逻辑关系来猜一猜，有时候语感也能帮上大忙呢。

专业四级和四级英语的区别
很多同学不知道大学专业四级和英语四级的区别？小编为大家详细分析一下到底有
什么不同。

大学英语四级考试是针对非英语专业的学生的，而专业英语四级考试则是针对英语专
业的学生的，要说难度，当然是专业英语四级考试要难些。

大学英语四级包括写作，听力，完型，阅读，翻译，满分是710分，426是及格。

当然有的学校英语专业的学生也可以考。

而英语专业四级呢，是专门对英语专业的学生开设的一门考试。

满分100分，有听力，听
力里包括听写，对话，短文，新闻。

完型，单选，阅读，写作，写作有两部分，大作文和
小便条。

60分及格。

符合大学英语四级（CET4）考试报名条件的人员包括：全日制普通高校专科、本科和
研究生中的在校生；全日制成人高校本科、专科在校生，修完大学英语四级课程，从2021年1月起，大学英语四级考试将只接受在校生报名。

专业英语四级（TEM4）报名对象：
1、英语专业二年级本科生。

2、以英语专业为第二学位（要求CET6达到优秀或者600分以上）的三年级本科生。

3、修完英语专业基础阶段教学大纲规定课程的二、三年制最后一学年的大专生。

4、成人高等教育学院四年制即脱产学习的英语专业（第二学年）本科生；五年制即
不脱产学习修完英语专业基础阶段教学大纲规定课程（第三学年）的成人高等教育学院本
科生。

普通的英语四级是主要为非英语专的学生提供的，总的来说其实最大的不同是难易程
度的差别，专业四级比大学英语四级难一点，主要是词汇更专业些，做题速度要快。

感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

专业四级英语和普通英语六级是两种不同的英语考试。

普通英语六级是一种面向非英语专业本科生和大专生的英语考试，主要测试考生的英语听、说、读、写等综合能力，以及对英语文化和社会现象的理解和分析能力。

该考试通常由大学英语四六级考试委员会组织，是中国大学英语教学的重要组成部分之一。

而专业四级英语则是一种面向英语专业本科生的英语考试，主要测试考生的英语听、说、读、写等综合能力，以及对英语语言和文学、翻译等方面的专业知识和技能。

该考试通常由中国外语教育网组织，是英语专业本科生毕业前必须参加的一项考试。

因此，虽然两种考试都是英语考试，但它们的考试内容、考试形式和考试对象等方面都有所不同。

英语专业四级语法练习题（附答案详解）英语专业四级语法练习题than1.Mary is _______ than Alice. (1992)A. more experienced a teacherB. a more experienced teacherC. more an experienced teacherD. more experienced teacher2._______ the two, Bob is ________ student. (1995)A. Of, more diligentB. In, more diligentC. Of, the more diligentD. In, the more diligent3.Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _______ Eastern Nebraska. (1996)A. inB. it receives inC. doesD. it does in4.The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than _______. (1998)A. is necessaryB. being necessaryC. to be necessaryD. it is necessary5.There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ______ in thepublic mind today. (1999)A. existsB. existC. existingD. to exist6.The experiment requires more money than _______. (2002)A. have been put inB. being put inC. has been put inD. to be put in7.The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, _______ to thetruck. (2003)A. the greater stress isB. greater is the stressC. the stress is greaterD. the greater the stressas8.Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they ate twice _______ they did before theirdiet. (1993)A. more thanB. as many asC. much thanD. as much as/doc/fe8825904.html,nguage belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ___ to the professor. (1998)A. as far asB. the same asC. as much asD. as long as10.She did her work ______ her manager had instructed. (2002)A. asB. untilC. whenD. though11.The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______ by hislack of talent. (2004)A. so much asB. rather thanC. asD. than12.His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting. (2005)A. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as toA is toB whatC is to D13.Twelve is to three _______ four is to one. (1998)A. whatB. asC. thatD. like14.Intellect is to the mind ______ sight is to the body. (2001)A. whatB. asC. that15.John is _______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam. (1998)A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. no so16.Fat cannot change into muscle _______ muscle changes into fat. (1999)A. any more thanB. no more thanC. no less thanD. much more thanas / though / much as17.David Singer, my friend’s father, ______ raised and educated in New York, lived and lecturedin Africa most of his life. (1993)A. whoB. ifC. whileD. though18.______ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998)A. Much asB. Much thoughC. As muchD. Though much19.Fool _____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. (2002)A. whoC. thatD. like20.______ I like economics, I like sociology much better. (2003)A. As much asB. So muchC. How muchD. Much as21.______, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. (2005)A. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being a socialistD. Since he is a socialist定语从句22.Above the trees are the hills, ________ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.(2003)A. whereB. of whoseC. whoseD. which23.Only take such clothes _______ really necessary. (1994)A. as wereB. as they areC. as they wereD. as are24.______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussionproduced no concrete proposals. (1994)A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. As25.This company has now introduced a policy _____ pay rises are related to performance at work.(1996)A. whichB. whereC. whetherD. what26.The Physicist has made a discovery, _______ of great importance to the progress of science andtechnology. (1997)A. I think which isB. that I think isC. which I think isD. which I think it is27.I have never been to London, but that is the city ______. (1997)A. where I like to visit mostB. I’d most like to visitC. which I like to visit mostlyD. where I’d like most to visit28.She remembered several occasions in the past ___ she had experienced a similar feeling. (98)A. whichB. beforeC. thatD. when29.I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city ______. (1999)A. I’d most like to visitB. which I like to visit mostlyC. where I like to visitD. I’d like much to visit30.Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ______ is needed for qualitycontrol can be substantially reduced. (2000)A. whoseB. asC. whatD. that31.We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ______ should make greatdifferences in our life next summer. (2002)A. whichB. whatC. thatD. they32.They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ______is something we had not expected. (2003)A. whichB. itC. thatD. what名词性从句33.We can assign the task to ______ is capable and trustworthy. (1994)A. whomeverB. whoC. whomD. whoever34.The team can handle whatever _____. (1997)A. that needs handlingB. which needs handlingC. it needs handlingD. needs to be handled35.After __ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office. (99)A. thatB. thereC. whatD. it36.Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannotagree with him? (2002)A. by whichB. thatC. in whereD. where非限定动词（不定式、动名词、分词）37.____ is not a serious disadvantage in life. (2001)A. To be not tallB. Not to be tallC. Being not tallD. Not being tall38.This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _____ inAfrica. (1996)A. huntedB. huntingC. that huntedD. are hunted39.The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel ______. (1998)A. to stayB. is to stayC. to stay atD. is for staying40.In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid_____. (1996)A. from being beatenB. being beatenC. beatingD. to be beaten41.He resented _____ to wait. He expected the minister _____ him at once. (1995)A. to be asked, to seeB. being asked, to seeC. to be asked, seeingD. being asked, seeing42.I never regretted _____ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay. (1993)A. not to acceptB. not having acceptedC. having not acceptedD. not accepting43.He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then tohis astonishment, he saw a ropeladder _____ out and three men climbing down it. (1995)A. throwingB. being thrownC. having thrownD. having been thrown44.Professor Johnson is said ____ some significant advance in his research in the past year. (99)A. having madeB. makingC. to have madeD. to make45.AIDS is said _____ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years inthat region. (2002)A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been46.The Minister of Finance is believed _____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. (04)A. that he is thinkingB. to be thinkingC. that he is to thinkD. to think47.The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _____by the police each time. (1999)A. had been capturedB. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately captured48.This missile is designed so that once ______ nothing can be done to retrieve it, (1995)A. firedB. being firedC. they fireD. having fired49.______ , he can now only watch it on TV at home. (1998)A. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchB. Not obtaining a ticket for the matchC. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchD. Not obtained a ticket for the match50.Arriving at the bus stop, ______ waiting there. (1994)A. a lot of people wereB. he found a lot of peopleC. a lot of peopleD. people were found51._____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first. (1994)A. Not receivedB. Since receivingC. Having receivedD. Not having received52.__B__ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy. (2000)A. LookingB. LookedC. Having lookedD. To look53.There __ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. (2000)A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. be54._____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his room. (1996)A. There wasB. SinceC. BeingD. There being55.The country’s chief exports are coal, cars a nd cotton goods, cars _____ the most important ofthese. (1994)A. have beenB. areC. beingD. are being56.Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat _____ by far the biggest cereal crop.(2003)A. isB. beenC. beD. being57.If not _____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles allthe time. (2004)A. being treatedB. treatedC. be treatedD. having been treated58.Time _____, the celebration will be held as scheduled. (2003)A. permitB. permittingC. permittedD. permits虚拟语气59._____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. (2002)A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not60.If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _____ able to writeletters in English. (1999)A. should beB. wereC. must beD. are61._____, I’ll marry him all the same. (2004)A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor62.If your car _____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (98)A. shall needB. should needC. would needD. will need63.It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on time. (2004)A. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in64.If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much betterthan I can. (2005)A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were情态动词65.You ______ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. (2004)A. needn’t have toldB. needn’t tellC. mustn’t have toldD. mustn’t tell66.He ______ the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25. (1994)A. couldn’t have caughtB. ought to have caughtC. shouldn’t have caughtD. must not have caught67.He _____ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. (1999)A. may have actedB. must have actedC. should actD. would act时态68.How can I ever concentrate if you _____ continually ____ me with silly questions? (97)A. have … interruptedB. had … interruptedC. are … interruptingD. were … interrupting/doc/fe8825904.html,e and see me whenever ______. (97)A. you are convenientB. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to youD. it will be convenient to you70.For some time now, world leaders __ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction. (02)A. had been pointingB. have been pointingC. were pointingD. pointed71.Jack _____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. (03)A. has been missingB. has been missedC. had been missingD. was missed72._________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.(05)A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be73.So badly _____ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months. (94)A. did he injureB. injured himC. was he injuredD. he was injured74.He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him. (95)A. or the police have placedB. or have the police placedC. nor the police have placedD. nor have the police placed75.___ both sides accept the agreement ___ a lasting peace be established in this region. (04)A. Only if, willB. If only, wouldC. Should, willD. Unless, would反意疑问句76.A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter, _____? (92)A. need itB. needn’t itC. does itD. doesn’t it77.You and I could hardly understand, ______? (95)A. could IB. couldn’t youC. couldn’t weD. could we78.When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ___? (97)A. do youB. will youC. don’t youD. won’t you79.Do help yourself to some fruit, _____ you? (00)A. can’tB. don’tC. wouldn’tD. won’t80.She would have been more agreeable if she had changeda little bit, _____? (03)A. hadn’t sheB. hasn’t sheC. wouldn’t sheD. didn’t she1．an experienced teacher, 比较级加在形容词前，因此B。

英语专业四级听写50篇前言听写在英语专业四级统考中占有15％的比重，是考试的重要组成部分。

说起听写，正在准备和已经参与过英语专业四级考试的同学会说：“我能明白听写的内容，可写的时候就是跟不上！”“短文大意我明白，可是有的语我不会写。

”这只反映出了问题的两个方面。

一是听写速度不够快。

二是词汇量不够或词汇掌握得不够准确。

这些无疑是影响听写成绩的重要因素。

但是，这些不是问题的所有。

在从事听写教学及听写问卷过程中，很容易发现学生失分的具体问题：（1）没听懂，没听好，听写速度跟不上，写出的内容断断续续不连贯，学生因此大量失分；（2）有的词汇没听懂，拼写不够准确，这导致听写失分；（3）时态错误导致失分；（4）单复数不准确导致失分；（5）没有注意断句或专有名词，句子开头单词或专有名词错误使用大小写导致失分；（6）没有注意原文冠词的使用，书写时漏掉冠词导致失分；（7）没有注意单数第三人称形式导致失分；（8）没有注意单数复数名词的形式导致失分。

上述问题的产生有的是缺少训练导致的，如书写速度跟不上。

有的则是语言基础较差导致的，如听力较差没有完全听懂或没有掌握好词汇。

而单复数、大小写、冠词漏写等则多是粗心大意导致的。

听写部分能提高吗？当然能！并且提高的空间很大。

笔者从事英语专业基础教学与研究，从一开始所带的教学班参与四级考试超过全国院校平均通过率28．2个百分点，超过全国专业外语院校平均通过率12．5个百分点开始，所带的教学班在全国英语专业④级统考中通过率始终ito％，平均成绩、优秀率始终名列前茅。

最近一次所带的教学班参与四级统考，又考出了很好的成绩，通过率超过全国院校平均水平26石个百分点，超过全国专业外语院校13．6个百分点，并且在十几个平行班中平均成绩是最高的，优秀人数也是最多的。

在四级考试中，听写一项的成绩也不例外，每次均位居第一，本项目满分15分，所带班级平均成绩可以达成14分。

是不是学生基础很好？登记表白，和平行班相比所带班级入学时并不存在什么特别优势。

专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷281(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.1．正确答案：Graduation Ceremonies May and June are the months when most American colleges and universities hold their commencements. / These ceremonies are a time for family and friends / to gather and celebrate a student’s completion of an academic degree. / Most ceremonies are traditional. / The students wear caps and gowns over their clothing. / One by one, their names are called. / They go to the front, shake hands with school officials / and receive a document of some kind. / But first they must sit and listen to speeches. / Colleges and universities often invite famous guests or former students who have become successful. / 涉及知识点：听力PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Culture Shock Good morning, everyone. Today, we’ll talk about culture shock. Culture shock is a very real experience for many people who move to another country. Anyone who has lived or studied or even traveled extensively in another country has tasted and lived through culture shock. There are several stages one goes through when adjusting to a new culture. Before we undertake the five stages of culture shock, let’s look at what culture shock is and its signs and symptoms. [1]Culture shock is defined the disorientation experienced when suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture. This is a good summary; however, let’s break it down a bit further. [2] Some of the common signs and symptoms of culture shock often include: a feeling of sadness and loneliness, an over-concern about your health, feelings of anger and depression, idealizing your own culture, and feeling lost or confused, etc. However, [3]the symptoms are quite individual and unpredictable aspeople experience culture shock in different ways. Now, let’s look at the five-step culture shock model. Step 1 is the Honeymoon Stage. Like any new experience, [4]there’s a feeling of intense happiness and excitement when you first arrive to a new country and you respect and are amazed at the differences you see and experience. During this stage, you still feel close to everything familiar back home. Step 2 is the Distress Stage. Now, everything you’re experiencing no longer feels new. In fact, it’s starting to feel like a thick wall that’s preventing you from experiencing things.[5]You feel confused, alone and realize that the familiar support systems are not easily accessible. Step 3 is Re-integration Stage. During this stage, [6]you start refusing to accept the differences you encounter. You start to idealize life “back home”and compare your current culture to what is familiar. You dislike the culture, the language, and the food. You reject it as inferior. [7]You may even develop some prejudices towards the new culture. But you don’t have to worry about this. In fact, you’re adjusting. This is actually a pretty common reaction to anything new. Step 4 is Autonomy Stage. [8]This is the first stage in acceptance. You start to accept the differences and feel like you can begin to live with them. [91You feel more confident and better able to cope with any problems that may arise. You no longer feel isolated and instead you’re able to look at the world around you and appreciate where you are.[10]Step 5 is Independence Stage. In this stage, you embrace the new culture and see everything in a new, yet realistic light. You feel comfortable, confident, and able to make decisions based on your own preferences. You no longer feel alone and isolated. You appreciate both the differences and similarities of your new culture. OK, to sum up briefly, today we’ve looked at the symptoms and the five stages of culture shock. I hope it will help you better adjust to a new culture.Culture Shock1. What is culture shock?Disorientation experienced when suddenly subjected to【T1】【T1】______2. Common【T2】of culture shock【T2】______Loneliness, excessive concern, depression, confusion, etc.Features: individual and【T3】【T3】______ 3. The culture shock modelStep 1 Honeymoon StageA feeling of intense【T4】【T4】______Step 2 Distress StageA feeling of【T5】【T5】______Step 3 Re-integration StageRefusing to【T6】and rejecting the culture【T6】______Even developing【T7】towards the new culture【T7】______Step 4 Autonomy StageThe first stage in【T8】【T8】______More【T9】and better cope with problems【T9】______Step 5【T10】Stage【T10】______Appreciate the differences and similarities of new culture 2．【T1】正确答案：an unfamiliar culture解析：本题考查考生对要点的把握，要求补充culture shock(文化冲击)的定义。

Dictation 1Old AgeMany people mistakenly believe that old age is a time of increased illness and loneli ness。

/ In fact，people do not suddenly change /when they reach the age of 60 or 65。

/Consequent ly， we shouldnot expect more mental illness/ among the 60to 70 age group than among the50 to 6 0。

/ Furthermore, although more parents and their married children live in separate house holds than ever before，/ this is usually by choice. It is not because children now tend to neglect their parents /when they become old. /Itis also wrong to believe that old age seriously affects a person’s mental abilities. /Th ere is clearproof that people who were eager to learn and who welcomed new experiences in th eir middle age,/ continue to do so in old age。

/It is true that older people tend to tak e longer to learn somethingnew than young people。

商务英语专业四级等级划分
商务英语专业四级是国家教育部颁发的全国性职业资格证书，主要面
向具有商务英语基础的中专、高中、大专或以上学历人员，考试由国家职
业教育考试中心组织。

商务英语专业四级考试可分为听力、阅读、翻译、
写作四个部分，考试内容主要涉及商务领域的语言和常用商务知识，考生
需要在规定的时间内完成所有题目。

1.优秀：成绩在90分以上。

2.良好：成绩在80-89分之间。

3.中等：成绩在70-79分之间。

4.及格：成绩在60-69分之间。

5.不及格：成绩在60分以下。

一般情况下，商务英语专业四级考试成绩要求及格，但在某些单位和
企事业单位招聘中，要求考生达到一定的等级。

在日常工作中，商务英语
专业四级证书对于从事外贸、国际贸易、出口加工等领域的人员尤为重要，也是提升个人职业素质、发展职业生涯的必要条件之一。

英语专业四级听写评分标准
专业英语四级考试中，听写评分标准主要考虑以下几个方面：
1. 听写共分15小节，每节1分，每节最多扣1分。

2. 重复错误，仅扣一次。

3. 错误共分两类：小错误（minor mistakes）和大错误（major mistakes）。

对于小错误，扣分标准如下：
小错误扣分标准：小错误在一节中出现一次，留作总计；出现两次，扣分；出现三次，扣分后留一小错做总计；出现四次（以上），扣1分。

未扣分小错误的扣分标准：累计2-4个，扣分；累计5-8个，扣1分。

对于大错误，每个错误扣分。

具体的大错误包括：漏写、加词、造词、换词（冠词作小错计）、大移位、时态错误、原文一个词变两个词等。

以上评分标准仅供参考，建议查阅英语专业四级考试大纲了解具体评分标准。

英语专业四级考试听写自我测试100篇（1-50为英式发音；51-100为美式发音）1. Education in ChinaEducation in China today has been developing rapidly. In many provinces, it is compulsory and free. Most children start school at the age of six. They attend 5 years of elementary school and 6 years of high school.After graduation from high school, a student can start his higher education in a two-year college, a four-year college, a university, or a specialized professional school. Most colleges admit students on the basis of their entrance examination records. The cost of a college education is not very high. And the greater part of it is met by their families, though students can get support from their college. Many students receive scholarships from the school, the government, private foundations and organizations.Though great progress has been made in China in the field of education, there is still a comparatively large part of the population in the country who cannot read and write.2.DreamsDreams are a product of the sleeper’s mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and the strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Few events more than two days old turn up. Deep wishes or fears, especially those held since childhood, often appear in dreams, and many dreams fulfill such wishes. Events in the sleeper’s surroundings, a loud noise, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause dreams.Some dreams involve deep feelings that a person may not realize he has. Psychiatrists often use material from a patient’s dreams to help the person understand himself better.Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotional adjustment.3. EmotionsAccording to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a person’s thoughts.Everyone has emotions, but many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.4. Re-employment of Laid-off WorkersThe issue of re-employment has emerged with large numbers of surplus laborers having been laid off. There is no doubt that it would lead to endless trouble if the surplus were not reorganized properly. In order to maintain social stability and to secure people’s normal living standards, it is essential to work out solutions to the problem.Solving the problem is a two-way operation as far as the government and workers are concerned.On the one hand, the government at all levels should try every possible means to create a wide range of employment options open to laid-off workers; on the other hand, these workers ought not to sit idle and wait for opportunities to come. So long as they don’t lose heart and constantly strive to better themselves, their futures will be bright.5. Describing PeopleFaces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child- even an animal, such as a pigeon—can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face”looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person”, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly and warm.6. Physical ActivityMost young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It might be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It might be a game of some kind like football, hockey, golf or tennis, or it might be mountaineering.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is probably caused by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team sport”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “t eams” of climbers. However, when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.7. The Clever Man NasreddinAn old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man: he quickly spent all the money, and soon he had nothing left. Of course, when that happened, all his friends left him. When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles.“My money is finished and my friends have gone,” said the young man. “What will happen to me now?”“Don’t worry, young man,”answered Nasreddin, “Everything will soon be all right again and you will soon feel much happier.”The young man was very glad. “Am I going to get rich again then?” he asked Nasreddin.“No, I didn’t mean that, ” said the old man. “I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends.”8. A Man and His CarA man was traveling abroad in a small red car. One day he left the car and went shopping. When he came back, its roof was badly damaged.Some boys told him that an elephant had damaged it. The man did not believe them, but theytook him to a circus which was near there. The owner of the elephant said, “I am very sorry! My elephant has a big, round, red chair. He thought that your car was his chair, and he sat on it!” then he gave the man a letter, in which he said that he was sorry and that he would pay for all the damage.When the man got back to his own country, the customs officers would not believe his story. They said, “You sold your new car while you were abroad and bought this old one!” it was only when the man showed them the letter from the man at the circus that they believed him.9. The SunA long time ago people thought that the sun went round the earth. In some countries people even said that the sun was a god. They thought the god drove across the sky each day on a golden horse. Now we know the earth goes round the sun. It takes the earth a year to go all the way round the sun. Today men even know how far it is for the earth to go round the sun. They tell us that the earth travels over a thousand miles a minute on its journey round the sun.The sun is really a star. It is much bigger than the earth and it is very hot. Some people have been to the moon but we know that no one can ever go to the sun. It is far too hot for people to live anywhere near it. The sun is three hundred thousand times heavier than the earth and more than a million times larger.10. Can Animals Be Made to Work for Us?Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs. They say that in a film or on TV we may see elephants, or monkeys, dogs, bears, or other animals doing a lot of things. If you watch carefully, you may find that those animals are always given something to eat in return for doing them. The scientists say that many different animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get something to eat in return. Of course, as we know, dogs can be used to guard a house, and elephants can be used to do some heavy jobs. And we can also teach animals to work in factories. Apes, for example, have been used in America to help make cars and scientists believe that these large monkeys may one day get in crops and even drive trains.11. Man’s Best FriendAlmost everyone likes dogs, and almost everyone likes reading stories about dogs. I have a friend who has a large police dog. Its name is Jack. Police dogs are often very clever. Every Sunday afternoon my friend takes Jack for a long walk in the park. Jack likes these long walks very much. One Sunday afternoon a young man came to visit my friend. He stayed a long time. He talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for his walk. But the visitor still stayed. Jack became very worried. He walked around the room several times and then sat down in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid no attention. He continued talking. Finally Jack couldn’t stand it. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down again in front of the visitor but this time he held the visitor’s hat in his mouth.12. CommunicationYou speak, write a letter, make a telephone call. Your words carry a message. People communicate with words. Do you think you can communicate without words? A smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly. Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad. When you raise your hand in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions. You shake your head, and people know you are saying “No”. You nod and people know you are saying, “Yes”. Other things can also carry messages. For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus totake. A sign on the wall of your school helps you to find the library. Signs on doors tell you where to go in or out. Have you ever noticed that there are a lot of signs around you and that you receive messages from them all the time?13. Weather and MenEverybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it. It is true. People usually begin their conversations with “Isn’t it a nice day?”“Do you think it will rain?”“What a fine day!”etc.Many people think they can tell what the weather is going to be like. But they rarely agree with each other. One man may say, “Do you see how cloudy it is in the east? It’s going to rain tomorrow.”Another man will say, “No, it’s going to be fine tomorrow.”People often look for the weather they want. When a farmer needs water, he looks for something to tell him it’s going to rain; he won’t believe anything else. When friends have planned a trip, they are sure the weather is going to clear up very quickly.Almost everyone listens to what the weatherman says. But he does n’t always tell us what we want, and once in a while he makes a mistake.14. A Selfish ManSmith was a landlord. He loved money very much and never gave anything to anybody. One day the landlord was walking along a river with his friends and fell into it. He cried, “Help! Help!” one of his friends held out his hand and said, “Give me your hand and I will pull you out.” But he did not give his hand to his friend. Then another of his friends tried but the same thing happened. Just then a farmer came over and saw all this. He knew the landlord very well. He said to the others, “Let me try.” He held out his hand and said to the landlord, “Take my hand and I will pull you out.” Hearing this, the landlord took the farmer’s hand, and in a minute the farmer pulled the landlord out of the water. All the others were very surprised at this and asked the farmer, “Why did he give his hand to you but not to us? The farmer said, “You don’t know your friend very well, when you say ‘give’ to him, he does nothing, but when you say ‘take’, he takes.”15. The Benefits of Class ParticipationDifferent teachers have different styles of teaching. Some prefer to deliver a prepared lecture, while others expect some participation from their students. Likewise, some students learn best in the former situation, while others do so in the latter. Perhaps the best learning environments is one in which the preferred styles of teacher and students match. For me, that is a class in which the teacher encourages class participation.I prefer to participate in class for several reasons. One is that students’ participation makes the class more lively and interesting. I can hear not only my teacher’s opinions on a subject, but also those of my classmates. Another reason is that I believe the teacher can better understand the students when they interact with him in class. Rather than wait for exam results to indicate how much the students have absorbed, the teacher can learn immediately whether the students understand what he is talking about. Finally, I acquire more knowledge in this kind of class. I can ask more in-depth questions and satisfy my curiosity.16. OilAlmost everyone in the world uses oil in some way. Cars, buses, planes and many trains and ships also need oil. Even our bicycles need oil. Indeed the whole world would stop if there was no oil.Today there is a growing need for oil in the world. So people are looking for it everywhere. Theylook for oil in deserts, in the mountains and under the sea. Quite often they find nothing, but the search for oil always goes on.Who are the largest oil producers in the world? The U. S., the former Soviet Union, and the countries of the Middle East. But China is catching up fast. Before liberation we used to buy nearly all our oil from the U S.. Many foreign people said China was “oil-poor”. But since liberation oil has been found in many parts of the country. Today everyone agrees that China is rich in oil. Our oil not only meets the great need in our country, but also be sold to other countries.17. Time ZonesStrange things happen from time to time when you travel, because people divide the earth into twenty-four time zones, one hour apart. You can have days with more or fewer than twenty-four hours, and weeks with more or less than seven days. If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean, your ship enters a different time zone every day. As you enter each zone, the time changes one hour. If you travel westward, you put your watch back; and if you travel eastward, you put it ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty-three hours. If you travel by ship across the Pacific, you cross the International Date Line. By agreement a new day begins at this line. When you cross the line, you change your calendar one full day, backward or forward. If traveling eastward, today becomes yesterday; if westward, it is tomorrow.18. Building Houses in the Early DaysIn the early days of the old west in North America, life was difficult. People lived on farms far away from other families. They went to town once a week or one time a month. Then they saw their friends and neighbors. On their farms everyone had lots of work. But there were some big problems. How did one family make a house? How could they build a barn alone? Those were big jobs.What did families do to build houses? They asked for help. They asked their friends and neighbors. They invited them to a work party for a few days. The women cooked together. They made breakfast, lunch and dinner. The men worked on the building. For the children it was like a holiday. They enjoyed it very much. They all helped one another for the good of everyone.19. FriendshipFriendship is one of the greatest pleasures that people can enjoy. It is very difficult to find a better definition of friendship. A true friend does indeed find pleasure in our joy and share sorrow in our grief. In times of trial, he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort.Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very careful in our choice of a friend. We must choose someone who has a good character, whose actions are good and who shows kind-heartedness. We should avoid those shallow people who change in the face of adversity or misfortune.A true friend can always be trusted, loved and respected. The most important thing is that a friend always understands you. In conclusion, when you have made a good friend, don’t forget him or her.20.Maintaining Your MemoryIf you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak. When you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows this. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way.When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong.Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write, but usually they have better memories?This is because if they cannot read or they cannot write things down in a small notebook, then they have to remember them by heart. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: practice remembering things in the way other people do.21.SOS Children’s VillagesIn Europe many people died during the Second World War. As a result, at the end of the war there were many orphans there. A man called Hermann V oss wanted to help these children. His idea was simple. He wanted the orphans to have a home, and he wanted them to have the care and kindness of parents. V oss asked people to give him some money. With this money he built the first SOS Children’s Village started. The letters SOS stand for “Save Our Souls”. This means “Please help us!” and SOS Children’s Villages gives help to orphans.Hermann V oss’s idea for helping orphans soon spread all over the world. By 1983 there were 170 SOS Children’s Villages in the world. People in many countries give money to help the villages. Today the children from the first village are gown up. Now some of them work in other SOS Children’s Villages.putersWe are already familiar with computers. Computers work for us at home, in offices and in factories. But it is also true that children today are using computers at school before they can write. What does this mean for the future? Are these children lucky or not?Many people who do not know about computers think of them as machines that children play with. They worry that children do not learn from experience, but just from pressing a button. They worry that this is not good for them. They think children are growing up not knowing about the real world.But people who understand more about computers see that computers can be very good for children. A computer can help them to learn about the real world more quickly, to learn what then want to learn and to think for themselves. And for the future, don’t we need people who can think clearly, who know how to get information quickly?23.Dick’s JobDick was a clever and hard-working student, but his parents were poor, so he had to work after class and during his holidays to get enough money for his studies.One summer he got a job in a butcher’s shop during the daytime, and another in a hospital at night. In the shop, he learned to cut and sell meat. In the hospital, of course, Dick was told to do only the easiest jobs. He helped to lift people and carry them from one part of the hospital to another. Both in the butcher’s shop and in the hospital, Dick had to wear white clothes.One evening in the hospital, Dick had to help to carry a woman from her bed to the operating room. The woman already felt frightened when she thought about the operation. When she saw Dick coming to get her, she felt even more frightened. “No! No!” she said, “Not my butcher! I won’t let my butcher operate on me!” with these words, she fainted away.24. OpportunityOpportunities don’t come often. They come every once in a while. Very often, they come quietly and go by without being noticed. Therefore, it is advisable that you should value and treat them withcare. When an opportunity comes, it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own. If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make an effort and be prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you. The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. The successful person always makes adequate preparations to meet opportunities as they duly arrive. The unsuccessful person, on the other hand, works little and just waits for opportunities to pass by. In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are adequately prepared and highly qualified can make use of them for their own purposes.25.Living Life at a Slower PaceIt seems that everyone is in a hurry these days. In our fast-paced and competitive society, many people feel that they must do things as quickly as possible or they will fall behind. Certainly, there are many things for us to do. However, it is not necessary to always hurry to get them done. In fact, living life at a slower pace has many advantages.First of all, slowing down allows us to think more clearly about what we must do. With careful consideration we will make better decisions and make fewer mistakes. And when we do not have to correct the mistakes that we make in haste, we will actually save time. Secondly, when we take our time we can do things more carefully and thoroughly. And when we do a better job we feel more satisfied with our efforts. Finally, if we do not rush through life, we will have more time to enjoy the things that we do. And when we take pleasure in our work, we will live happier lives.26.Owning a CarNowadays, any Chinese can enjoy the luxury of owning a private car, if he or she can afford it. Having a car of your own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains, and you can drop the children off at school on the way. Moreover, it also means that you can enjoy the weekends and holidays better, because with a car you can go to places where the regular buses and trains do not go, and so you can find a quiet scenic spot with no crowds.However, there are drawbacks to owning a car. For on thing, with the increase in car ownership in recent years, the roads are becoming more and more crowded. This often makes the journey to work more of a nightmare than a dream. For another, it is not cheap to run a car, as the prices of petrol and repairs are constantly rising, not to mention the price you have to pay for a license and insurance coverage.27．TourismTourism, a “smokeless industry”, is developing rapidly in China. With the “open and reform”policy being carried out, thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country. They are eager to see this old mysterious land with a splendid culture of more than 5,000 years. Tourism is bringing China a lot of benefits. First, it enables the Chinese people to learn more about the outside world and promotes friendship and mutual understanding. Second, it is financially beneficial to China, which needs more foreign currency for its modernization program. Tourism, however, is giving rise to a number of problems. For instance, it is becoming a burden on our inefficient transport system. Besides, the standard of living of the average Chinese person is still not high enough to be able to afford the many different sorts of expenses met on long distance travel.But it is believed that with the development of our national economy, all these problems will certainly be solved step by step. A much better and brighter future awaits us.28.TimeAs a popular saying goes, “Time is money.” In fact, time is more precious than money. When money is spent, you can earn it back if you want to. However, when time is gone, it will never come back. As the pace of modern life continues to accelerate, the time at our disposal is quite limited. But there are a lot of things to be done in our lives. We should make full use of our time to complete what is useful to us. For instance, as students we should devote most of our time to our academic studies. In this way we can acquire the new knowledge and skill necessary for our future careers. In my opinion, wasting time means wasting our valuable life. But many of us don’t realize this. They think time is inexhaustible. I’m not in favour of such a view. Hence, my conclusion is that we should never put off what can be done today until tomorrow.29.Keeping a Diary in EnglishKeeping a diary in English is one effective way to improve our English writing ability. Compared with other forms of writing, it is shouter and takes less time. If we persist in this practice, gradually we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we inevitably come up against a lot of difficulties. In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phrases to express ourselves. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly. Certainly, there are some other obstacles we may come across in keeping a diary in English. So I suggest we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something gets the better of us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary.30 The Tuition Fee System in ChinaThe system of tuition fees has become one of the hottest topics in China since it was put into effect. Different people have different opinions of it. Some people think that there is no university in the world which is open to students without tuition fees. The Chinese government is unable to allocate enough funds to pay for various teaching facilities and many different kinds of expenses. One of the ways to relieve the problem is for students to pay tuition fees. The money raised in this way can be used to improve school’s operating conditions. Others, however, are opposed to the system of tuition fees. They argue that compared with that in the Western World, the living standard of Chinese people, especially of those in the poor rural areas, is still low. The university tuition fees will certainly add to the already heavy burden on parents, who live on their salaries or wages. Moreover, tuition fees hinder some talented people from entering university only on account of their poverty.31. SmokingIt is known to almost all that smoking is bad for people’s health. Scientific research has shown that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other problems. The World Health Organization says diseases linked to smoking kill at least two million five hundred thousand people each year.Still, many people find it difficult to stop smoking. One reason is that smoking usually becomes a habitual behavior, and habits, whether good or bad are not easy to give up. Another reason is that the effect of nicotine, the substance found in cigarettes works on people somewhat as drugs do.Measures have been taken to help people keep away from the harmful effects of smoking. In many cities, smoking is forbidden in public places. The danger of smoking is warned of everywhere. And newspapers are asked not to publish advertisements for cigarettes. World “No Tobacco Day” is observed every year as the biggest campaign against smoking.32. My First JobBefore I started at university, I took my first job as a waitress in a nice restaurant. The night before my first day, I was too excited to go to sleep and as a result, I got up late in the morning. I threw on my clothes and rushed over to the restaurant.In a great hurry, I didn’t hear clearly the head waiter’s instruction that we should go into the kitchen through one door and out from the other. So when I took two plates of eggs and bacon and an orange juice out to the restaurant, I went straight towards the wrong door and collided with another waiter coming in!Worst of all was that I wore a pair of smart shoes with high heels! A few hours later I was in agony, yet had no time to change them. By the time we finished serving dinner at about 10: 30, I was completely exhausted. Nevertheless, I learnt something from my experience.33. Birth ControlSince the Chinese government singled out family planning as one of the basic state policies in 1978, the country has adopted various measures and achieved great success in birth control. The total birth rate has been decreasing gradually.However, at present China’s population is still growing very rapidly. It is reported that every year the population of this country increases by an extra 15 million. And China encountered a birth peak during the 1990s. it is obvious that China’s economic development and the improvement of people’s standards of living have been and will be greatly affected by the size of population.Therefore, to control population growth more strictly is clearly essential to the country’s reforms and economic development. We should restress the importance of birth control and call on the whole nation to take more effective action.34. AdvertisementsAdvertisements are making their way into people’s lives. People depend on advertisers in their daily lives because they are consumers. The advertisers are not always manufacturers. Sometimes they are salesmen. Their merchandise needs advertising. Thus nearly every product is advertised. To some extent, good advertising means success while bad advertising can mean failure. There are many ways to advertise and “ads” come in different forms. Newspapers carry advertisements. Some products are announced on TV and radio, both of which have a wide audience. Billboards also carry advertising. Advertising is a big industry now and many agencies have been set up to provide a variety of related services. However, advertising is not always truthful. A product is often misrepresented. The advertiser exaggerates the benefits of the merchandise he wants to sell. Thus, he misrepresents the truth. The consumer falls victim to such advertising. Millions of people have。