雅思写作媒体类话题范文：Advertising
Question
Advertising which can be seen everywhere in daily life influences what people think is important and has negative effects.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Sample answer
Today people are fed up with the volume of news reports generated by the various media sources such as newspaper, TV, and the Internet. In rare cases, headlines fail to attract our attention or to arouse wide concern among the public, which clearly shows the media power in the audience. I personally think that such influence can be either constructive or destructive.
In the following cases, media influence makes a positive difference. Media reports sometimes focus on some major events calling for a national determination to achieve a common goal or go through a hard time. In China, the 2008 Olympic Games was a hot topic in media coverage, encouraging the public to make their contribution and meantime to enhance the national identity. The tragic Sichuan earthquake in 2008 was another example of the influence of the media which ignite the whole nation’s sympathy and passion for helping the survivals. It is also positive when media highlight the environment deterioration at the attempt to increase the public awareness of the environmental reservation.
On the other hand, the media power can be negative. In some countries where the media agencies are run by the government, media is used to manipulate the public in order to achieve a hidden goal for a few. Under some circumstances, a bombing campaign can provoke public hatred, which is very dangerous and unfair to the na?ve ordinary people. Media is influencing our lifestyle by constantly exposing the luxury life of pop stars and celebrities, with the assist of tempting advertisements. This is actually encouraging the public to be materialistic and destroying our already fragile environment as well in spite of its contribution to the domestic consumption and economic growth.
In conclusion, media can easily attract the public attention in our information era and I hold that this influence can be either positive or negative depending on which direction the media intend to lead the public to.
雅思G类大作文话题范文：教育话题 Evaluation of teachers You should spend about 40 minutes onthis task. Some people think that high schoolstudents should be given the freedom to evaluate and even criticize theirteachers, while others claim that this practice will disrupt the order inclassroom and lead to disrespect for teachers. What is your opinion? Write at least 250 words. Education: Sample Introduction Whether high school students should begiven the freedom to evaluate and criticize their teachers is a challengingissue in education. Some people support this practice while others believe thatit will be hard for the teachers to maintain classroom order and gain students’respect. Personally, I agree to the latter opinion, which is based on thefollowing three reasons. Main Body 1 First of all, it is difficult for highschool students to adopt a completely objective attitude towards their teacherswhen they are
雅思写作常见话题 一．学生生活 1、大学生交学费：一些人认为大学生应该支付他们的学费，另外一些人认为政府应该支付 学费，你的观点是什么？ 2、考试：一些人认为考试对学生有负面的影响，一些人认为考试对教育有正面的作用，讨 论双方的观点并且给出你的见解。 3、出国留学：最近几年，许多年轻人决定出国留学，你认为出国留学利大于弊吗？ 4、大学生找不到工作：目前大学毕业生难就业，分析个人和社会的原因，并提出解决方法。 5、大学宿舍与校外公寓：大部分大学都有很多居住方式供学生选择，他们可以选择大学宿 舍或校外公寓，讨论两种不同发做法并且给出你的见解。 6、学术课程和实用技能：人们常说，学校学科的定位过于学术化，而孩子们如果能学习到 有关家政管理、工作及人际关系技巧等方面的实际知识会对他们更有用，你是否同意此观点？ 7、学生评价老师：一些人认为，为了提高教学质量，应该鼓励学生对老师进行评价和批评。 其他人则认为这将导致课堂上对老师的尊重和良好纪律的缺失。讨论双方的观点并且给出你的见解。 8、自学和跟老师学：一些人认为，没有老师，他们凭自己会学得更好，其他人认为有老师 的指导总是有利的。你的观点是什么？ 9、学生兼职工作：许多国家的学生会在课余时间做许多不同的兼职。一些人认为这是错误 的，但是其他人相信这样的工作将能够拓展学生的知识并且增加他们的责任感。你的观点是什么？ 10、不同的朋友和相似的朋友：有些人喜欢与自己性格不同的人交朋友，有些人喜欢和 自己性格相似的人交朋友，你喜欢和哪种类型的人交朋友呢？请说出理由。 二、家庭生活 1、照看老年人：有人认为老年人应该被在家中赡养，另外有些人认为他们应该被送到养老院，你的观点是什么？ 2、孩子缺少父母关注：有些人认为现在的孩子不像以前的孩子那样能得到父母很多的关注。在多大程度上你同意或反对此观点？ 3、家庭成员关系不亲密：人们现在普遍承认家庭成员的关系不像过去那样亲密了，请给出可能的原因并提出你的建议。 4、父母和学校：有些人认为父母应该教育孩子如何成为好的社会成员。然而另外一些人认为学校应该做这件事情。讨论两种见解并给出你的观点。 5、孩子早送幼儿园：现如今孩子们很早就被送到幼儿园，这样母亲们就可以回到她们的工作中去，而且孩子们也可以从小适应社会。你是否同意这样的观点？ 6、体罚孩子：很长时间以来，体罚孩子是家庭中的一个惯例。但最近几年，人们对这一做法的观念发生了巨大的变化。现在有很多人强烈地反对这一观点。你的观点是什么？ 三、现代科技 1、科技影响人们之间的交流：现在，因为科技，人们相互交流的方式已经发生了改变。科技怎样改变了人们相互交流的方式？这是一个正面的还是负面的发展？ 2、计算机对孩子的影响：电脑并没有帮助孩子更有效地学习。另外，电脑的使用对青少年的身体和心理健康都有着负面作用。在多大程度上你同意或反对此观点呢？ 3、太空研究：大量的钱花在太空研究上。一些人认为这些钱花得不应该。你是否同意？ 4、私家车：你认为日益增多的私家车有哪些益处和弊端？ 5、互联网：你认为互联网利大于弊吗？
传统知识途径（书、教育、图书馆、杂志、报纸）的优势： 1. 效率A 看网络或者电视B 信息更新C 更有效率解释：人们可以看突发新闻，现在的新闻组织都有网站和手机软件推送消息解释：当一个故事爆发，人们可以在收音机听或者在电视上观看对比：与之相反，书籍通常是过时的，因为编辑和出版都需要经过耗时的程序人们不会在书上看到新闻 watch TV news 看电视新闻listen to radio broadcasting 听收音机广播keep up to date with 跟上breaking news 突发新闻deliver information to readers 推送消息给读者time-consuming 耗时的 The Internet and watching TV news or listening to radio broadcasting allow people to keep up to date with what is happening. People can see breaking news online and all news organisations have websites and mobile apps to deliver information to readers. When a story breaks, people can also listen to it on radio or watch it on TV. In contrast, books are normally outdated, as editing and publishing of a book normally follow time-consuming procedures. People do not expect to read news on books. 2. 效率A 看网络或者电视B 信息更加丰富C 更加容易理解解释：网站有视频、图片，还有关于一件新闻事件，一个主题或者一个理论的详细记述解释：电视频道也有这类优点，视觉信息会更加直接而且能提供更多信息对比：反之，书籍主要提供文字信息给识字能力很强的人 audio and visual information 视听信息make sense 理解detailed account 详细的记述visual messages 视觉信息literacy skills 识字能力 The Internet and TV programmes present both audio and visual information, so it is easier for people to make sense what has happened. Websites have videos, pictures as well as a detailed account of a news event, a subject or a theory. TV channels also have these advantages and visual messages are normally more straightforward and informative. In contrast, books predominantly provide information in text, and only attract people who have strong literacy skills. 3. 知识A 看网络或者电视B 信息质量不一定很高C 获得的知识不是很多解释（A-B）：网络的一个问题就是人们可以自由地发表他们的意见观点，但是有时候他们的想法并没有证据来支持这就是为什么在学术界，网络不能作为一个可靠的信息来源解释（A-B）：电视节目一般都穿插了广告，甚至于教育节目都变得有娱乐性严肃的读者喜欢阅读书籍，当他们想要加深对某个学科的理解 a source of knowledge 知识来源learn a subject in depth 深入学习一门学科post opinions and views 发表意见观点a credible source of information 可靠的信息来源educational programmes 教育节目deepen understanding 加深理解
6分作文的评分标准 ? addresses all parts of the task although some parts may be more fully covered than others ? presents a relevant position although the conclusions may become unclear or repetitive ? presents relevant main ideas but some may be inadequately developed/unclear ? arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall progression ?uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical ? may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately; ? uses paragraphing, but not always logically ? uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task ? attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy ? makes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do not impede communication ? uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms ? makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication 雅思大作文话题之教育类 Some people think schools should only teach students academic subjects. Others think schools should also teach students how to discriminate between right and wrong. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 3 Some employers think that formal academic qualifications are more important than life experiences and personal qualities when they look for an employee. Why is it the case? Is it a positive or negative development? Schools should concentrate on teaching students the academic subjects that will be useful for their future careers. Subjects such as music and sports are not useful. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2 Some people think children should obey the rules set by their parents and teachers set, but others think that less control will help children to deal with their future adult life. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 2 Some people think students should go to boarding schools instead of living at home. Do you agree or disagree? 2
犯罪类话题 Crime_犯罪行为 crimes criminal acts misdeeds delinquency juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪 犯罪+犯罪率 commit a crime the crime rate/incident犯罪率 rampant 猖獗的 the crime is rampant rampant violence 刑罚 lengthy jail terms put sb. into the prison/jail a penalty of 2 yea rs’ imprisonment lifelong imprisonment probation He's been released from prison on probation. 刑罚 sentence sb. to death death penalty capital punishment v. + 罪行 combat, fight, tackle, beat, curb 打击犯罪行为curb harmful emissions from factories impose curbs on smoking control, cut, reduce 控制、减少 detect, investigate 调查、侦查 青少年 kid child children youngster the youth adolescent (13~18) teenager (13~19) young people 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquent 青少年罪犯 stringent punishment/penalty 严厉的惩罚 青少年犯罪的原因1
Technology & media 类 科技类 People today can perform the everyday tasks such as shopping, banking or even business transactions, without meeting others face-to-face. What effects will this phenomenon have on individuals and society as a whole? 开头段（不少于3+1句） The interactivity of the Internet and the mobile phone has enabled a multitude of people to purchase their desired items or pay their phone bills without stepping out of their offices or homes. And many others can even register for tests or sign contracts online. This sweeping trend of going about everyday business in the virtual world has triggered a marked decline in face-to-face contact between people. Thus, it is essential that we identify the implication of this trend on both individuals and society as a whole. 主体段1（不少于1+6句） The impact of this phenomenon on individuals is profound. First, Individual efficiency in business transaction and banking will be greatly enhanced. And those who dread shopping are spared the chore of browsing around in shops. Secondly, the increasingly sedentary lifestyle will engender a higher incidence of ailment. More overweight people means more patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases such as vein hardening, diabetes and hypertension. Thirdly, the absence of face-to-face contact may induce distrust between business partners. An inherent sense of disbelief is apt to ruin a telecommunicated negotiation when negotiators can only see videos of each other transmitted via the Internet. 主体段2（不少于1+6句） This trend also has widespread repercussions on society as a whole. In the first place, the burgeoning e-commerce will, doubtless, boost corporate efficiency immeasurably. And higher efficiency means more earnings and less costs for businesses. In the second place, online fraud, be it banking or trading, retail or wholesale, is sure to abound in the cyberspace. We must search for practicable and effectual means of curbing it. In the third place, the proliferation of e-commerce may exacerbate man's overdependence on technology. And that can render our lives unspontaneous and our tempo of life too fast and furious. 结尾段（不少于2句）
雅思大作文新闻媒体类话题范文--广告是否让人们变得一样 Advertisements discourage us from being different individuals and make us become what they want us to be and look the same. Do you agree or disagree? 广告阻止我们成为不同的个体，使我们成为他们想要我们成为的样子，看起来都一样。你同意或不同意吗? 思路解析： 1. 广告让人们变得个性化。举例，大量的广告标语，如“唯一的”，“特别的”，“最好的”，“不一样的”，都是在暗示人们去购买那些不那么大众化的产品来突出自我。 2. 但是，广告的基本功能却是帮助大公司垄断市场。举例，投入巨资打造的闪亮广告能不断巩固那些大品牌在大众中的形象，这吸引了越来越多的人来购买同样的产品。相反，那些小公司却因为缺乏资金做广告而陷入破产边缘。最终，整个市场会被单一品牌垄断。 3. 广告的另外一个作用是制造流行趋势，这刺激了人们对同一个时尚进行盲目的购买。举例，在大厂商的广告诱惑之下，很多的人们总是购买同一个著名品牌的衣服，鞋子，包包，这让她们的外表缺乏区别。 参考范文： Nowadays, the overwhelming influence of advertisements on media has made too many controversial social issues. Some people argue that advertisements make the audience have the similar look by driving them to buy products of the same brand. Personally, I fundamentally agree with this assertion, and my reasons will be explored as below. Admittedly, the literal intention of advertisements is to sharpen the concept of individualism. For the purpose of distinguishing brand names, slogans and testimonials in advertisement are always full of very personalized words, including "new", "innovation", "uniqueness", "revolution", "the best", "the only", "the first". It is clear that core
雅思作文题目必备的十个雅思话题 一、教育类别 1. 教育会囊括一些什么内容？ 母题：It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfill both these functions? (050312) 提示：本题围绕教育的两大功能来展开（个人与社会），准备好这篇文章，即可应付教育类话题中的最大分支—教育的功能，做到以不变应万变。对于社会角度，可以从促进经济发展、增加社会流动性(social mobility)、维护社会稳定这几个方面来展开，对于个人，可以写改变思维模式、有利于就业和便利生活来写。 子题：大学应当教授理论知识还是实践技能？大学的是应当把学生培养成合格的公民还是让他们自己得益？准备未来职业最好的方法是 上大学还是尽快离校积累工作经验？大学要不要扩招？中学阶段应 当提供通才教育还是专才教育？要不要延长义务教育年限？要不要 让农村地区的学生更容易上学？老师要教学生如何判断是非吗？ 2. 学校的科目谁来选择？
母题：Some people think that the government should decide which subjects students should study at the university, while others think that students should be allowed to apply for the subject they prefer. Discuss the two views and give your opinion. (060916) 提示：这类题目采取的策略就是“双批判”，因为题目中提供的两种选择往往都是错误的。 子题1：政府选课or 老师选课？学生选择所有的科目or根据兴趣自行选择？ 子题2：要不要学国际新闻？要不要学历史？要不要中学阶段就学习外语？要不要学数学哲学这类的科目？ 3. 什么样的教学方式最好？ 母题：Many people use distance-learning programmes (study material post, TV, Internet, etc.) to study at home, but some people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as attending college or university. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (041113, 081023, 100515) 提示：远程教育最大的好处，就在于三个any：anybody, anywhere, any time. 缺点是缺乏师生之间以及学生之间的interaction, 缺乏
Topics of Task 2 （2008～2009.11.21) 一、教育（共25题，占%） 1. In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (08.01.26) 不同意： 中学教育是一个重要的德育阶段，如果在这个时候中断，带来的不仅仅是失业这样的问题，还有青少年犯罪等社会问题vital stage for moral education. If it was interrupted, numerous of social problems/headaches may create as juvenile delinquency. (正如马克吐温说：你每关闭一所学校，你就必须开设一座监狱。Every time you stop a school, you will have to build a jail ） 教育能够帮助培养个人素质；提高劳动力的素质，从而提高生产效率，推动社会发展，从根本上解决失业的问题。do a favor to/be beneficial（advantageous, preferable) to personal quality, enhance/boost/promote the quality of the labor force, thereby increase production efficiency, social development, solve the problem of unemployment 从长远来看，如果受过更高的教育，则有更多的机会找到好的工作。In a long run／term, if pupils could receive better education, they may have far more opportunities to find better jobs. 教育的作用不仅仅应当局限在找工作，而是为了将来更好的发展。The function of education should be not only focused on \limited in job hunting, but also for a better development. ＊＊失业的原因是综合的comprehensive/complicated，例如经济原因：经济衰退或者不景气economy recession/depression，就业岗位剧减，导致市场对于劳动力的需求整体下降 a fall in the overall demand for labor;社会原因，个人原因等 2. Most countries spend much money on education, as they start to realize the importance of education. In your opinion which subject is the most important for young people and which one is the least important? Subjects: Literature Sports Mathematics Economy Physics History Music Geography (08.03.01) 整个题目可以分为理论科目和实践科目两种： 理论科目的好处：智的角度 实践科目（音乐、体育）的好处：美、体、劳的角度 E.g.: What does sports benefits your academic? Any sport will have a positive effect on academic performance simply because exercise is good for the brain, and teamwork and strategy that are focal to most sports are applicable as well to many academic areas. 理论科目的坏处：枯燥、单调、需要长时间的学习、结合实践时较为困难 体育、音乐的坏处：需要天赋；需要大量时间和金钱的投入；就业范围小，职业生涯短 3. Schoolteachers used to be the source of information, however, some people argue that teachers are not as important as before as the increasing variety of information resources. What is your opinion? (08.0 4.24) 和以前一样重要：（也就是说老师的重要性） 学校教育更加有利于学生的道德培养，尤其对于年龄较小的学生。老师可以帮助学生建立自信心，培养能力，塑造良好的性格最终成为一个有利于社会的人。Teachers could help the students to build up confidence, shape upright character and ultimately grow a full man beneficial to the society. 通过老师的讲解，能够更加容易接受知识。By lectures, students are more easily to receive knowledge.可以根据学生的需要而改变teach students in accordance with their own characteristics and differences 学生在学校里能够参加体育锻炼，有利于身体的健康和成长 学校教育给了学生一个交流、沟通、合作的机会，有利于团队精神team spirit、合作精神cooperation、创新能力innovation的培养foster/cultivation。 其他信息途径的好处（远程教育的好处） 提供了一种更为新颖有效的教育形式an original and effective educational model；增加人们接受教育的机会increase the opportunities of being educated;提高参与者的科技能力develop technology competencies、拓展技术面broaden skill set,从而提高就业机会job opportunity。 为地处偏远和行动不便的人、工作时间不稳定的人提供了受教育的机会those with restricted mobility, such as elderly, disabled, injured, irregular work schedule. 可以同时和全国各地甚至全世界各地的人进行交流和学communicate and interact with students all over the country or even the world 文档和资料容易储存、易提取、打印和阅读documents and materials are easily recorded, retrieved, printed and read 远程教育的缺点： 缺乏和老师面对面的交流lack of in-person contact with faculty members很难及时接受到老师的反馈wait for a long time before receiving feedback about assignments 不能像传统教育那样和同学之间更多地接触，没有机会提高口头交流能力和合作能力等have no chance to enhance oral communication skills and cooperation skills 精力和注意力会被很多东西分散many distractions at home 并不是所有的行业都承认网络教育的学历，缺乏就业认可。not all work industries acknowledge online degrees 4.Schools should teach children some academic subjects, which will be beneficial to their future careers. Therefore, other subjects such as music and sports are not important. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (08.0 5.22) 同第2题 5.University students always focus on one specialist subject, but some people think universities should encourage their students to study a range of subjects in addition to their own subject. To what
2020雅思写作语料库教育类：是否全部父母都该学习 育儿课程 教育类： Caring for children is probably the most important thing of the society. It is suggested that all mothers and fathers should be required to take the childcare training courses. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement? 教育的孩子很重要，有人认为，所有的父母应该学习育儿课程，是否认同?(2020年1月19日雅思题目) 题目解析：提问中有典型的错误信息，即所有的父母，所以，本文写作策略为让步反驳，即为三分让步，七分反驳。 雅思小鹏哥让步反驳话题布局图： 首段：背景介绍 + 争议焦点 + 作家立场 二段：第一次支持作家立场以及细节或例证的展开 三段：第二次支持作家立场以及细节或例证的展开 四段：让步不支持的观点的合理性 + (加以反驳 ) 尾段：再次亮明观点 + (总结理由) 作家立场： 虽然我们不能低估亲自学习育儿课程可能带来的价值，但是不是所有的父母都能够亲自学习育儿培训课程。 雅思小鹏哥头脑风暴导言： 1. 小鹏哥喜欢看芒果台的《变形记》，有一集描述的是贵州贫困地区的留守儿童，他们的父母都在城市里打工，家庭贫困，父母辛苦
赚钱仅仅是维持孩子的基本生活和让孩子有机会接受更好的教育。这些父母，不可能有经济成本去专门学习育儿培训课程。 2. 对于很多社会精英来说，即使他们有经济实力参加育儿培训课程，但是，他们又没有时间和精力，所以，让他们专门学习育儿培训课程也是不现实的，即使他们可能有学习的愿望。 是否同意一种观点提问标志： Some people think that …… to what extent do you agree or disagree? 雅思小鹏哥全文布局图： 首段：背景介绍 +(争议焦点)+作家立场 父母是孩子们最初的老师，他们对于孩子们的性格培养以及精神成长有潜移默化的影响，所以，良好的教育方法是每个父母都应该学习的。我认为，虽然不能低估亲自学习育儿课程对于家长可能带来的利好，但是，不是所有的父母都能够亲自学习育儿培训课程。 二段：第一次支持作家立场 对于很多社会精英来说，例如，繁忙的企业家或文体明星，他们多数忙于事业发展，没有时间和精力去专门学习育儿课程。但是，他们能够努力赚钱，聘请专业的育儿老师来教育孩子，所以，父母的努力同样有助于孩子们的健康成长。 三段：第二次支持作家立场 对于贫困家庭来说，父母的可支配收入有限，学习育儿课程虽有利好，却会增加父母的经济负担，在现实生活中很难实现。例如，我喜欢看芒果台的《变形记》(一部纪录片)，有一集描述的是贵州贫困地区的留守儿童，他们的父母都在城市里打工，孩子们的生活非常贫困和艰苦，父母辛苦工作仅是维持孩子的基本生活和让孩子们接受良好教育。这些父母，不可能有经济成本去专门学习育儿培训课程。
雅思写作十大话题万能分类题库 一、教育 1. 教育应该包括哪些内容？ 母题：It is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. What should education consist of to fulfill both these functions? (050312) 提示：本题围绕教育的两大功能来展开（个人与社会），准备好这篇文章，即可应付教育类话题中的最大分支—教育的功能，做到以不变应万变。对于社会角度，可以从促进经济发展、增加社会流动性(social mobility)、维护社会稳定这几个方面 来展开，对于个人，可以写改变思维模式、有利于就业和便利生活来写。 子题：大学应当教授理论知识还是实践技能？大学的是应当把学生培养成吅格的公民还是让他们自己得益？准备未来职业最好的方法是上大学还是尽快离校积累工作经验？大学要不要扩招？中学阶段应当提供通才教育还是专才教育？要不要延长义务教育年限？要不要让农村地区的学生更容易上学？老师要教学生如何判断是非吗？ 2. 学校的科目谁来选择？ 母题：Some people think that the government should decide which subjects students should study at the university, while others think that students should be allowed to apply for the subject they prefer. Discuss the two views and give your opinion. (060916) 提示：这类题目采取的策略就是“双批判”，因为题目中提供的两种选择往往都是错误的。 子题1：政府选课or 老师选课？学生选择所有的科目or根据兴趣自行选择？ 子题2：只有学术科目重要，体育和音乐这样的课不重要，你同意吗？要不要学国 际新闻？要不要学历史？要不要中学阶段就学习外语？要不要学数学哲学这类的科目？ 提示：子题2与母题联系不大，需要准备这些科目各自的优点。 3. 什么样的教学方式最好？ 母题：Many people use distance-learning programmes (study material post, TV, Internet, etc.) to study at home, but some people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as attending college or university. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (041113, 081023, 100515) 提示：远程教育最大的好处，就在于三个any：anybody, anywhere, any time. 缺点 是缺乏师生之间以及学生之间的interaction, 缺乏教师的moral guidance, 因为没有 体育课且久坐电脑前，会引发健康问题。 子题：私立学校好不好？留学好不好？要不要分快慢班？小组学习还是单独学习好？ 4. 谁来为学费买单？