步骤：
1：查看ORACLE_HOME是否设置
$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
2：执行dbstart 数据库自带启动脚本
[oracle@njdzjkdb ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@njdzjkdb dbhome_1]$ cd bin/
[oracle@njdzjkdb bin]$ dbstart
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener Usage: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME
错误提示：ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER 没有设置
[oracle@njdzjkdb bin]$ ll | grep dbs
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall 6088 1月 1 2000 dbshut
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall 13892 12月 11 16:01 dbstart
编辑 dbstart，将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改成 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME 前提是$ORACLE_HOME环境设置正确
[oracle@njdzjkdb bin]$ vi dbstart
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
3：编辑/etc/oratab文件
dbca建库时都会自动创建/etc/oratab文件
将orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N
修改成 orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y
4：编辑/etc/rc.d/rc.local启动文件，添加数据库启动脚本dbstart
[root@njdzjkdb ~]# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
su oracle -lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start"
su oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart
5：增加可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
6：重启主机，查看数据库和监听是自启动
7：查看数据库是否处于open状态
select status from v$instance