if的省略句3
- 格式:docx
- 大小:13.70 KB
- 文档页数:1
宾语从句中引导词的省略和替代技巧在英语语法中,宾语从句是由一个引导词引导的从句,该从句作为动词的宾语。
然而,在实际的交流中,我们有时可以省略或替代宾语从句中的引导词,以简化语句结构或更加自然地表达意思。
本文将介绍宾语从句中引导词的省略和替代技巧。
一、省略引导词的情况1. “that” 的省略:在宾语从句中,如果引导词是“that”,且从句中的主语是句子的主语,则可以将“that”省略。
例如:- She said (that) she was tired.- He believes (that) they will win the game.2. “whether” 的省略:在宾语从句中,如果引导词是“whether”,且从句中的主语是动词的主语,则可以将“whether”省略。
例如:- He asked (whether) she had finished her homework.- I don't know (whether) they will come to the party.3. “if” 的省略:在宾语从句中,如果引导词是“if”,且从句中的主语是动词的主语,则可以将“if”省略。
例如:- He wonders (if) she is happy.- I doubt (if) it will rain tomorrow.二、替代引导词的情况1. “that” 的替代:在宾语从句中,除了直接省略“that”之外,还可以使用一些代替词来引导宾语从句,例如“whether”和“if”。
例如:- She wonders whether she should go to the party.- He asked if she had seen the movie.2. “what” 的替代:当宾语从句中的内容具体表示某事物或事实时,可以用“what”来替代整个从句。
例如:- I don't know what time it is.(我不知道现在是几点。
常见的if型省略结构、v.ing(短语)作主语的用法等重点句型详解常见的if型省略结构、v.ing(短语)作主语的用法等重点句型详解知识点包括常见的if型省略结构、v.ing(短语)作主语的用法、which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别、过去分词(短语)作定语的用法、way(方式,方法)后定语的常见形式、“have+宾语+宾补(done)”结构、there+be...结构、“make+宾语+宾补”结构的几种常见形式、as引导的状语从句、不定式短语作原因状语用法等部分,有关常见的if型省略结构、v.ing(短语)作主语的用法等重点句型详解的详情如下:常见的if型省略结构So whati is he difference between them,if any?如果有的话,那么它们之间有什么区别呢?(1)句式分析:这是一个主从复合句。
主句是what is the difference between them;if any是从句。
(2)if any意为“如果有的话”,是if there is any的省略形式,属于if型省略结构。
I don't think there will be more than a dozen left,if any.我认为即使还有的话也不会超过十几个。
[思维拓展]常见的if型省略结构:(1)if+形容词:if necessary(如果有必要的话)if possible(如果有可能的话)(2)if+过去分词:即在if与分词之间省略了主语和be(3)if+not:if not可视为一个否定的条件状语从句的省略(4)if+so:如果这/那样的话(5)if+代词:if anyone,if any,if anything等(6)if+ever:表示“若有过的话”v.ing(短语)作主语的用法Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。
If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样,就不需要地理学家了。
2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。
If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。
If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should/could/ might +动词原形。
If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。
有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be 或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。
If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldn‟t do that.==>WereI in your place, I wouldn‟t do that.5. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来,而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。
if虚拟语气的用法归纳IF虚拟语气是英语中的一种重要语法现象,主要用于表示与现实相反的假设、愿望、建议等。
它分为两种形式:if条件句和if非条件句。
以下是对IF虚拟语气用法的详细介绍:一、if条件句1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设:If + 主语+ 过去时态,主语+ would/could/might/should + 动词原形。
例如:If I were you, I would go to the party.(如果我处在你的位置,我会去参加派对。
)2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设:If + 主语+ had done,主语+ would/could/might/should + have done。
例如:If he had come to the meeting, he would have known the plan.(如果他参加了会议,他就会知道这个计划。
)二、if非条件句1. 表示建议、劝告:主语+ should/would/might/ought to + 动词原形。
例如:You should go to the party.(你应该去参加派对。
)2. 表示愿望:主语+ could/would/might + 动词原形。
例如:I wish I were a bird.(我希望我是一只鸟。
)3. 表示假设:If + 主语+ 动词过去式,主语+ would/could/might + 动词原形。
例如:If I had time, I would go to the park.(如果我有时间,我会去公园。
)三、if虚拟语气的特殊结构1. 省略if,将were、had、should等词置于主语之前:主语+ were/had/should + 动词原形。
例如:She were here, she would meet him.(如果她在这里,她会见到他。
)2. 使用倒装结构:were/had/should + 主语+ 动词原形。
if同义句转换If同义句转换是学习英语语法的重要一环,其作用不仅在于帮助学生更好地理解语法规则,更能提升学习者的语言表达能力和听说读写技能。
本文将从以下多个方面介绍If同义句转换。
一、If引导条件从句If引导条件从句的同义句转换主要从以下几个角度入手:1.将if省略。
例如: If you don't work hard, you won't get good grades. → You won't get good grades if you don't work hard.2.将if改为whether。
例如:If he is free tomorrow, he will come. → Whether he is free tomorrow, he will come.3.将if改为in case。
例如:If it rains, we won't go out. → In case it rains, we won't go out.4.将if改为suppose/supposing。
例如: If you see her, please tell her to call me. → Suppose/supposing you see her, please tell her to call me.二、If引导虚拟语气If引导虚拟语气的同义句转换主要从以下几个角度入手:1.将If从句所用的动词的过去式形式去掉。
例如:If I were you, I would study hard. → Were I you, I would study hard.2.将if改为suppose/supposing或assuming(假设)。
例如: If I had a million dollars, I would travel around the world. → Supposing I had amillion dollars, I would travel around the world.或Assuming I had a million dollars, I would travel around the world.3.将if引导的虚拟语气改写成had+动词过去分词的形式。
Ⅵ、虚拟语气概说英语有三种语气,即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等,祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等,虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。
如:He likes fencing. (他喜欢击剑。
)(陈述语气)Don’t speak so loud. (别这么大声说话。
)(祈使语气)If I had seen her, I would have told her. (我要是见到她,我就告诉她了。
)(虚拟语气)一、带if 从句的虚拟语气英语是一门非常有趣的语言,它对语言的描述有时是相当细腻的,比如它会根据if条件从句的内容是否真实,将其分为真实条件句和非真实条件句,你若说:“如果我有空我就去”,其中的“如果我有空”就是一个条件,它到底是真实的还是不真实的呢?很难说,那要看说话人的具体情况—如果他是真心想抽时间去的话,那这就是一个真实的条件;但如果他明知自己没有时间去,只是这样说来应付对方或表示自己的遗憾,那它就是一个非真实的条件,这两种情况对汉语的表达没什么影响,但在英语中区别大—真实条件,用陈述语气,非真实条件,用虚拟语气。
如下例:If I have time, I will go. (如果我有时间,我就去)(陈述语气)If I had time, I would go. (如果我有时间,我就去。
)(虚拟语气)有些句子,由于句意的特殊性,它永远是不真实的,所以就永远要用虚拟语气,如汉语说“如果我是你的话”、“如果太阳从西边出来的话”等。
请看下例:If I were you , I would marry him. (如果我是你的话,我就嫁给他。
)If the sun rose in the west. I would marry him (如果太阳从西边出来,那我就嫁给他。
)误:If I am you I will marry him. (如果我是你的话,我就嫁给他。
if从句的知识点总结一、if 从句的基本结构if 从句通常由if引导,表示一种假设或条件。
if 从句的基本结构是“if + 简单句”,简单句可以是肯定句、否定句或疑问句。
if 从句的主语和谓语可以根据具体的情况而变化,它们之间的位置也可以调换。
例如:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨,我们就呆在家里。
如果if 从句中的主语与主句的主语一样,可以省略if 从句中的主语,保留谓语和其他成分,而将其放在主句中。
例如:If you come, I will be happy.I will be happy if you come.如果你来的话,我会很高兴。
二、if 从句的三种类型根据if 从句所表示的条件或假设的不同,if 从句可以分为三种类型:真实条件句、虚拟条件句和无条件句。
1. 真实条件句真实条件句表示可能或真实的条件,其主句和if 从句的谓语动词均使用一般现在时态。
真实条件句表示与现在或将来的情况,不是过去的情况,通常用于表示客观事实或可能发生的事情。
真实条件句的从句是简单句型,也可以用进行时态或其他时态表达。
例如:If it rains, the ground gets wet.如果下雨了,地面就湿了。
2. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句表示与现在或将来相反的假设,通常使用虚拟语气。
虚拟条件句有三种类型:虚拟现在条件句、虚拟过去条件句和虚拟将来条件句。
虚拟条件句的从句是简单句型。
例如:If she were a bird, she could fly.如果她是只鸟,她就能飞了。
3. 无条件句无条件句表示无条件的假设或条件,其实际情况一定会发生。
从句和主句的谓语动词可以使用一般现在时态、一般将来时态或其他时态。
例如:If you have finished your breakfast, go to school.如果你已经吃完早餐,就去上学吧。
if条件句中的省略在虚拟条件句中,谓语部分如果含有“were, had, should”时,可以省去连词if,将“were, had, should”挪到从句句首,其余部分不变,从而形成从句的部分倒装。
这种省略仅用于正式语体中。
如:Were I you(=If I were you), I would go.Had I seen him yesterday(=If I had seen him yesterday), I would have told him the news.Should she come tomorrow(=If she should come tomorrow), I would give her the dictionary.在真实条件句中,如果谓语动词是“be”或含有“be”,而主语又和主句的主语一致或者主语是“it”时,从句中的主语可连同动词“be”一起省去,形成以下几种不同的结构。
1、if+形容词If (it is) necessary, ring me at home——you know my number.He wishes, if (it is) possible to have it printed, a slip of paper.If (it is) quite convenient to you, I will be with you Tuesday next.Send the goods now, if (they are) ready.2、if+分词He will come if (he is) asked.If (it is) not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.If (they are) marked with numbers, the books can be easily found.3、if+名词①if a day (a yard, an inch, etc.) 意为“at least”,常译成“无论……一定……”。
高中英语语法学习/复习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义15【精讲版·全国通用】if的隐含和省略以及与but for相关虚拟语气知识点总结虚拟条件句中if的隐含或省略语言是灵活多变的,表达是丰富多彩的。
有的时候虚拟语气的表现形式也显得非常灵活,比如就说其中的虚拟条件吧——它有时会以if从句来表示,但有时会用某种短语来表示,比如不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语等等。
1. if 的隐含I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去,我将很高兴。
句中的不定式短语to go with you就是表示虚拟条件的,它相当于if I could go with you。
这句话的言外之意是:可惜我不一定有机会同你一起去。
To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些,你早就考及格了。
句中的不定式短语to have studied harder也是表示虚拟条件的,它相当于if you had studied harder。
句子的言外之意是:可惜你当时没有更用功我,所以你就没有考及格。
Failing this time, what would you do?假若这次失败,那你怎么办?句中的分词短语failing this time表示虚拟条件,相当于if you failed this time。
其言外之意是:尽管失败的可能性很小,但还是有可能会失败,假若失败了,那怎么办?Without your help, we couldn’t have succeeded. 如果没有你的帮助,我们就不会取得成功。
句中的介词短语without your help表示虚拟条件,相当于if you hadn’t given us help。
其言外之意是:好在你帮助了我们,所以我们取得了成功。
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子,不然我也不会相信他了。
if类省略结构详解_省略句一、if从句省略主语+be若if从句的主语与主句主语一致,且if从句的主语后跟有动词be,那么通常可以省略if从句的主语+be。
如:If accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week.= If you are accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week. 如果你被接受担任这个职务,将在一礼拜内给你通知。
If traveling north, you must change at Leeds.=If you are traveling north, you must change at Leeds. 如果你是向北行,你必须在里兹换车。
If in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information.=If you are in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information. 你若有疑问,可以问问医生,他会向你作进一步的说明。
If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good night’s sleep.= If you are about to go on a long journey, try to have a good night’s sleep. 如果你要长途旅行,晚上就好好睡一觉吧。
二、惯用表达归纳及用法举例1. if any 即使有(任何),即使有Correct errors, if any (=if there are any errors). 如有错误就请订正。
There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 当今记得他的人,如有的话,也不多了。
类型七:if + so
if so的意思是“如果是那样的话”。
如:
I may be free this evening. If so, I’ll come round and see you.今晚我可能有空。
要是有空我会过来看你。
They must decide if such a plan can be implemented and if so, when. 他必须决定这样的计划是否能实施,而且要是能实施的话,又得决定何时实施。
注意以下if so与if not连用的情形:
He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?他可能忙,如是这样,我以后再来拜访。
他如不忙,我现在可以见他吗?
Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your room by 12:00? 您要再往一晚吗? 如果是这样,我们可以给您提供条件更好一点的房间。
如果不是,您能在12点前离开这房间吗?
类型八:if need be如果需要
if need be为习语,其含义相当于if it is necessary (如果有必要的话)。
如:
I will come if need be. 如有必要我会来。
I’ll work at night if need be. 如果有必要我可以晚上工作。
If need be we can always bring another car. 如果有必要的话我们还可以再开一辆车来。